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Elsevier

Books in Chemical engineering

The Chemical Engineering collection offers content that combines research with foundational knowledge, practical information, methods and case studies, in a variety of areas, including biochemical engineering, catalysis, filtration & separation, colloids & surface chemistry, electrochemical engineering, energy & transport processes, materials chemistry, metallurgy, process engineering, safety & reliability, sustainable & environmental, to help chemical engineers address the challenges we face today, including climate change, global warming, health and nutrition, and alternative energy.

  • Dispersing Powders in Liquids

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 7
    • R.D. Nelson
    • English
    This book provides powder technologists with laboratory procedures for selecting dispersing agents and preparing stable dispersions that can then be used in particle size characterization instruments. Its broader goal is to introduce industrial chemists and engineers to the phenomena, terminology, physical principles, and chemical considerations involved in preparing and handling dispersions on a commercial scale. The book introduces novices to: - industrial problems due to improper degree of dispersion; - the nomenclature used in describing particles; - the basic physical phenomena, equations, and chemistry involved in particle interactions; - the analytical techniques used for evaluating solid-liquid interfaces - textbooks, courses, societies, and vendors that can provide an advanced understanding of dispersion phenomena. The book provides resources for more experienced technologists by: - discussing characteristics and applications of the various chemical classes of surfactants; - providing procedures for selecting and optimizing a dispersant for a specific solid-liquid system and end-use constraints; - naming typical commercial surfactants and listing the addresses and telephone numbers of their manufacturers; - illustrating the many physical and chemical equilibria that must be considered in modelling a dispersion and guiding the reader to the sources of both data and advanced theoretical treatments required to implement such models. The author has for several years been a consultant in the field of slurry technology, obtaining information, materials, equipment, and expert advice required to solve slurry problems. He also teaches slurry technology and powder dispersion courses to students who are either engineers recently graduated from college or managers recently transferred to plants that handle slurries. His expertise gives the book a wide appeal: as virtually every manufacturing process involves dispersions of powders in liquids, it is of interest to chemists and chemical engineers in industry; the concise definitions, descriptions and examples make it an ideal reference text for teachers and students.

  • Solvent Crazing of Polymers

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 13
    • A.L. Volynskii + 1 more
    • English
    The problems related to crazing in polymers are of special interest to polymer scientists since only polymers display this universal phenomenon and no analogues are available for low-molecular-mass compounds. The important problems of solvent crazing and the development of a universal description of polymer structure and properties have received much attention from many leading scientists. Nevertheless, some aspects of polymer crazing are still unclear, and scientific activities in this area are in progress.This work provides an up-to-date account of scientific advances in the area of solvent crazing. The principal features and stages of solvent crazing (craze nucleation, craze tip advance, craze thickening, and craze collapse at high strains) are described. Additionally, the authors present information concerning the activities of Russian scientists in this area, which might have escaped the attention of their colleagues because of the language barrier.

  • Ring-Forming Polymerizations Pt A

    Carbocyclic and Metallorganic Rings
    • 1st Edition
    • Robert Cotter
    • English
    Ring-forming Polymerizations, Part A: Carbocyclic and Metallorganic Rings covers polymerization reactions that form carbocyclic rings and those that lead to metallorganic ring-containing structures. This book is organized into 11 chapters. The first four chapters describe ring-forming polymerizations that lead to the formation of homocyclic carbon-containing rings. These chapters specifically examine Diels-Alder polymerizations and certain diisopropenyl monomers polymerization yielding high molecular weight polyindanes. Chapter V is an introduction to polymers from metals and unsaturated carbon compounds, which has been called a ""natural coordination polymer"". Chapters VI to X deal with metallorganic ring polymers formed by chelation and are arranged according to the elements in the ligands that are affecting chelation. The final chapter explores ring forming polymerizations that yield polysiloxanes, polysilazanes, and certain polymetalloxanes. This book will be of value to organic chemists and researchers, as well as to organic chemistry teachers and students.

  • Interfacial Phenomena

    • 2nd Edition
    • J.T. Davies
    • English
    Interfacial Phenomena explores the more primary properties of different liquid interfaces. This book is divided into eight chapters, where Chapter 1 establishes the basic concepts of the physics of surfaces, including the properties of matter in the surface layer. Chapters 2 and 3 further discuss the concepts of electrostatic and electrokinetic phenomena, respectively. Other areas discussed in the later chapters include adsorption at liquid interfaces; properties of monolayers; reactions at liquid interfaces; and mass transfer across interfaces. Chapter 8 discusses the more relevant aspects of disperse systems and adhesion as related to the interfacial properties discussed in the previous chapters. The text is a valuable source of information to students and researchers in the fields of chemistry, biology, and chemical engineering and can also be used for industrial and academic laboratories.

  • Anionic Polymerization: Principles and Practice

    • 1st Edition
    • Maurice Morton
    • English
    Anionic Polymerization: Principles and Practice describes the unique nature of the anionic mechanism of polymerization. This book is composed of two parts encompassing 11 chapters that cover the aspects of the synthetic possibilities inherent in this system. Part I deals with the various aspects of anionic polymerization mechanism, including the monomers, initiators, solvents, and the involved initiation and propagation reactions. This part also describes the copolymerization and organolithium polymerization reactions of styrene and dienes. Part II explores the applications of anionic polymerization in polymer synthesis. This part specifically tackles the synthesis of narrow molecular weight, branched and α,ω-difunctional polymers, and block copolymers. Polymer chemists and researchers who work in the chemical industry and who would wish to utilize the unique features of anionic polymerization in the synthesis of new products will find this book invaluable.

  • Dust Explosions

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 4
    • P. Field
    • English
    Handbook of Powder Technology, Volume 4: Dust Explosions presents the dust explosion problem in general terms and describes how and why dusts explode. This book discusses the various approaches used to deal with the dust explosion hazards. Organized into five chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the methods used to assess, remove, or minimize the hazard of dust explosions. This text then examines the factors that influence the initiation and severity of an explosion. Other chapters consider the explosion prevention and explosion protection techniques. This book discusses as well the characteristics of a dust explosion and the historical development of the problem. The final chapter deals with the significant concept of explosion protection to reduce the worst effects of an explosion to an acceptable level. This book is a valuable resource for managers, engineers, scientists, safety personnel, and others involved in the handling ad processing of materials in solid particulate form.

  • Wood a Agricultural Residues

    Research on Use For Feed, Fuels, and Chemicals
    • 1st Edition
    • Ed Soles
    • English
    Wood and Agricultural Residues Research on Use for Feed, Fuels, and Chemicals covers the proceedings of the 1982 “Feed, Fuels, and Chemicals from Wood and Agricultural Residues” symposium, held in Kansas City and sponsored by Cellulose, Paper, and Textile Division of the American Chemical Society. Organized into seven parts encompassing 31 chapters, the book discusses the plant cell wall; the cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin; the lignocellulosics for ruminants; the biological and thermochemical conversion; and the approached for utilization. The introductory part describes the anatomy, permeability, ultrastructure, and digestion of plant cell wall. The following section examines the structure, characteristics, derivatives, recycle and recovery through solvent systems, and utilization for enzyme and protein production of cellulose and hemicelluloses. This section also discusses the synthesis, structure, properties, and analysis of hydroxypropyl lignin derivatives. The third section characterizes the fibrous fractions of forages and presents traditional methods for qualitative and quantitative analyses of lignocellulosics. This text includes discussions on methods for improving utilization of unconventional feed sources by ruminants; the digestion impeding factors; and the effect of chemical, physical, and biological treatments in upgrading the digestibility and nutritive value of crop residues. The subsequent sections describe the biological, chemical, physical, and thermochemical conversion of wood fibers. Such methods include fermentation, acid and steam hydrolysis, saccharification, hydrogenolysis, and pyrolysis. The concluding section covers mechanical treatments to improve lignocelluloses properties, such as steam explosion and solvent systems. This book is an ideal source of information for botanists and feed scientists and researchers.

  • Mixing V1

    Theory and Practice
    • 1st Edition
    • Vincent Uhl
    • English
    Mixing: Theory and Practice, Volume 1 focuses on the mechanisms and applications of mixing in turbulent flow. This book discusses the theoretical and empirical methods that provide a basis for predicting the process as well as the mechanical performance characteristics of equipment used in different types of mixing operations. Comprised of five chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the mixing process, which tends to reduce gradients or nonuniformities in properties, composition, or temperature of materials in bulk. This text then explores the mixing operations that involve the transfer of a component to or from an equipment surface or boundary. Other chapters discuss the kinds of problems that occur in the design and use of mixing equipment, including the selection of size, type, and operating conditions. The final chapter deals with heat transfer where agitation is provided by mechanical devices. Development, design, and operating engineers will find this book extremely useful.

  • Gas Chromatography with Glass Capillary Columns

    • 2nd Edition
    • Walter Jennings
    • English
    The need for this second edition is dictated by developments that have occurred in this rapidly changing field and by sins of omission and sins of commission in the first edition. Projections available at the time of this writing indicate that gas chromoatography will remain the world's most widely used analytical technique for some time.

  • Anthocyanins as Food Colors

    • 1st Edition
    • Pericles Markakis
    • English
    Anthocyanins as Food Colors aims to assemble scattered information on anthocyanins pertinent to food coloration. Both basic and applied aspects of these pigments are discussed. Organized into nine chapters, this book begins with a discussion of the chemical structure of anthocyanins, followed by its copigmentation and biosynthesis. It then discusses the distribution of anthocyanin in food plants, as well as the compounds' stability in food. This work also looks into the analysis of anthocyanins and their presence in grapes and wine. Utilization of anthocyanins as food additives is addressed in the last chapter. This book will provide additional information in order to maximize the visual appeal of these pigments both in products in which they are naturally present and in products to which they may be added as colorants.

  • Biochemical Aspects of Plant-Parasite Relationships

    Proceedings of The Phytochemical Society Symposium University of Hull, England April, 1975
    • 1st Edition
    • J. Friend
    • English
    Biochemical Aspects of Plant-Parasite Relationships is a collection of papers from the Phytochemical Society Symposium of the same subject held at Hull in April 1975. This collection discusses biochemical research on the mechanisms involved in the invasion of plants by pathogens, the production of disease symptoms, and the mechanisms occurring in plant resistance against the invading microorganisms. Some papers discuss the genetics of fungal-plant interactions and the structural features of both infection and resistance processes, Such genetic interactions and structural features point to a biochemical reason for the plant-parasite interaction. Several attempts to correlate production of a cell wall degrading enzyme in vitro by a pathogen's virulence have shown great differences between in vitro and in vivo environments. One paper cites as an example the pathogens which produce both pectic hydrolases and lyases: the type of enzyme that is found to predominate often is actually associated with the pH of the environment. One paper also investigates nucleic acid transfer and the possible role of RNA in the host-parasite specificity. This collection can prove beneficial for microbiologists, biochemists, biotechnologists, plant biologists, and academicians connected with the biological sciences.

  • Kinetic and Thermodynamic Lumping of Multicomponent Mixtures

    • 1st Edition
    • G. Astarita + 1 more
    • English
    Information necessary to solve scientific or engineering problems is often so vast, that the need arises to lump information together into a more manageable subset in order to proceed. The idea of lumping is one which is used, more or less consciously, in a large variety of fields. The thermodynamics and kinetic behavior of multicomponent mixtures is an area where the requirements of lumping have been clearly identified and the techniques and results of lumping have been analyzed in considerable detail. This book comprises the proceedings of a Symposium on Kinetic and Thermodynamic Lumping of Multicomponent Mixtures which was held at the American Chemical Society Meeting in Atlanta, GA, in April 1991. Papers presented at the symposium consisted of both invited and contributed papers. Each invited paper was a review of a subfield within the landscape of the symposium while the contributed papers contain detailed analyses of specific problems. The symposium brought together active researchers in this field to report on and discuss the progress which has been made in the lumping of mixtures of very many components for a number of different applications, and to identify the important problem areas which still remain. This volume will serve both as an introduction to anyone entering the field, and as a reference work for more experienced researchers.

  • Polymer Solutions, Blends, and Interfaces

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 11
    • I. Noda + 1 more
    • English
    The behaviour of polymers in multi-component and multiphase systems such as solutions, blends and interfaces derived from both natural and synthetic sources and the subsequent influence of this on their physical properties is the theme of this book. Important new material on multiphase polymer systems such as block copolymers and liquid crystalline polymers is provided, and the solution and surface properties of enzymes and surface active polymers is described both theoretically and experimentally. The application of theory to the development of new cellulosic materials is particularly noteworthy. The relationship between end-use properties, such as adhesion, wetting, and colloidal stability, and molecular structure at the interface is addressed. Examples include the capillary pressure of nylon microporous membranes, a new technique for characterizing the adhesion between incompatible polymers, and the influence of the glass transition temperature at the fiber/matrix interface on interfacial shear strength.Characteriz... of polymer films, both electrochemically and via optical techniques is covered and the interactions of amphiphilic ions with polyacrylate polymer are described. The final two chapters introduce the topic of enzyme mobility at an interface and show how this may affect their role as biological catalysts.

  • Marine Natural Products V3

    Chemical And Biological Perspectives
    • 1st Edition
    • Poul Schever
    • English
    Marine Natural Products: Chemical and Biological Perspectives, Volume III, reviews the state of knowledge in the chemistry and biology of marine natural products. It attempts to bring together timely and critical reviews that are representative of major current researches and that, hopefully, will also foreshadow future trends. The volume's first chapter discusses separation techniques, including liquid-liquid extraction, membrane separation, chromatography, capillary gas chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. This is followed by a chapter on amino acids that have been isolated from marine algae. Kainic acid, for instance, is a well-established ascaricide that was isolated from a red alga that had been known as an anthelmintic for a thousand years. Only recently, however, has it been recognized as a valuable tool in neurophy sinology. Subsequent chapters deal with nitrogenous pigments in marine invertebrates; and the phenomenon of bioluminescence, which is relatively rare among terrestrial organisms, but which is widespread among marine biota.

  • Tropical Fruit Processing

    • 1st Edition
    • Jethro Jagtian
    • English
    Tropical Fruit Processing focuses on the improved food preservations methods of tropical fruits for lesser developed and developed countries. This book covers four tropical fruits, namely, guava, mango, papaya, and passion fruit. These fruits have the greatest growth potential based on the knowledge and technology acquired in their cultivation, processing, and preservation. Each chapter in this book discusses the botany, cultivars, horticulture, harvesting, handling, storage, composition, packing, and processing of the fruit. A variety of processed products from these fruits, such as jellies, jams, preserves, purees, sauces, and juices, are also covered. Furthermore, this book describes various food preservation methods including dehydration, concentration, and canning. This book is an invaluable resource for scientists, technologists, manufacturers, students, and others concerned with cultivating, processing, manufacturing, research, development, or marketing of foods.

  • Marine Natural Products V1

    Chemical And Biological Perspectives
    • 1st Edition
    • Poul Schever
    • English
    Marine Natural Products: Chemical and Biological Perspectives, Volume I, reviews the state of knowledge in the chemistry and biology of marine natural products. It brings together critical reviews and new perspectives for the marine research community. The book's opening chapter discusses the isolation, distribution, chemistry, pharmacology, and public health aspects of dinoflagellate toxins. This is followed by separate chapters on algal nonisoprenoids, algal sesquiterpenoids, terpenoids from marine sponges, and uncommon marine steroids.

  • Assembly Instructions for Nucleic Acid Models

    • 1st Edition
    • Edward Barrett
    • English
    Assembly Instructions for Nucleic Acid Models describes the step-by-step instructions in building a single nucleotide using the Academic Press/Molecular Design Inc. (AP/MDI) models. This booklet also provides instructions for constructing models of the DNA-B (Watson-Crick), DNA-A, and the DNA-Z forms. This text illustrates the chemical composition and atom numbering system of the nucleotide unit, the fundamental building block of all nucleic acids. The framework components include the atomic pieces for phosphorous, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and the fused pieces that represent two bases and two furanose rings. Building models of the different nucleic acid structure involves adjustments of seven torsion angles; in the AP/MDI Molecular Model System, only six angles are adjusted. In constructing larger DNA structures, the operator assembles a series of nucleotide units. He should also be familiar with the seven torsion angles of these structures which are composed of six adjustable angles and the correct ring conformation. This guide also contains a table listing the torsion angles for several forms of DNA. This booklet is suitable for students in chemistry, new chemist practioners, professors in chemistry, as well as other researchers whose works involve some chemical investigations and experiments.

  • The Elements of Polymer Science and Engineering

    An Introductory Text for Engineers and Chemists
    • 1st Edition
    • Alfred Rudin
    • English
    This introductory text is intended as the basis for a two or three semester course in synthetic macromolecules. It can also serve as a self-instruction guide for engineers and scientists without formal training in the subject who find themselves working with polymers. For this reason, the material covered begins with basic concepts and proceeds to current practice, where appropriate.

  • Physiology and Electrochemistry of Nerve Fibers

    • 1st Edition
    • Ichiji Tasaki
    • English
    Physiology and Electrochemistry of Nerve Fibers explores the properties of nerve fibers, including morphology, biochemistry, and physical chemistry. The book also makes an effort to trace the origins of the concepts that are important in studying the physiology of the nerve fibers. The text covers the early studies of electrochemistry; the different theories regarding nerve excitation; the conduction of nerve impulses along different nerve fibers; and the behavior of impulses in myelinated nerve fibers and its electrical excitation. The book also discusses the emergence, morphology, and biochemistry of the squid giant axon, as well as further studies about it; macromolecular transitions; the physiochemical approach and model; and the electrochemical considerations of the classical membrane theory. The monograph is intended for doctors specializing in neurology, psychologists, and psychiatrists who wish to know more about nerve fibers, their structure, chemical properties, functions, and the theories behind it, as well as its transmission of electrical impulses.

  • Fine Particles

    Aerosol Generation, Measurement, Sampling, and Analysis
    • 1st Edition
    • Benjamin Y.H. Liu
    • English
    Fine Particles: Aerosol Generation, Measurement, Sampling, and Analysis is a collection of technical papers presented at the Symposium on Fine Particles held in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on May 28-30, 1975. The symposium aims to explore the developments in instrumentation and experimental techniques for aerosol studies. This book is organized into four parts encompassing 34 chapters that focus on fine particles below about 3.5 µm in diameter. Part I presents the research and development in Europe and Japan on fine particles and aerosols, as well as the aerosol standards development work at the Particle Technology Laboratory, University of Minnesota. This part also includes calibration studies on condensation nuclei counters and the diffusion battery. Significant chapters in Part II are devoted to the common techniques for generation of aerosols of various sizes, from fine particles to monodisperse aerosols. This part further looks into the equipment limitations and problems in producing fine particle aerosols for life testing air cleaning systems and for weather modification experimentation. Part III describes the techniques and equipment used for size-selective aerosol sampling in terms of the design principles applied, the correspondence between design and performance of specific samplers, their applicability to field conditions, and their ability to satisfy sampler acceptance criteria. Part IV deals first with the methods for determination of aerosol properties, including their optical, electrical, and spectral properties. Other chapters examine the principles, mode of operation, and application of processes and instruments for aerosol studies.

  • Biochemical Actions of Hormones V2

    • 1st Edition
    • Gerald Litwack
    • English
    Biochemical Actions of Hormones, Volume II is a 12-chapter text that surveys the significant developments toward understanding the primary effects of hormones in cellular receptors at the molecular level. This book starts with an overview of the genetic regulation by hormones and the role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in hormonal response. These topics are followed by discussions on the hormone-dependent molecular mechanisms, which appear to participate in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation in this model system, as well as how multiple hormonal signals may serve to integrate a large number of complex regulatory mechanisms. A chapter deals with the comparative aspects of the physiology and biochemistry of insulin, with an emphasis on the molecular mode of action of insulin on metabolic processes. The remaining chapters deal with the physiology, mechanism of action, and biological effects of various hormones, including catecholamines, glucocorticoids, estrogens, progestins, gonadotropins, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, 25-hydroxycholecalci... and insect hormones. Endocrinologists will find this book invaluable.

  • Enzymes in Food Processing

    • 2nd Edition
    • Gerald Reed
    • English
    Enzymes in Food Processing, Second Edition provides an understanding of the action of enzymes and the changes in enzyme technology. This book discusses the introduction of enzyme processes into the food industry. Organized into 20 chapters, this edition starts with an overview of the practical application of enzymes to the manufacture and processing of foods, such as the use of enzymes to clarify wine, produce dextrose, tenderize meat, and liquefy candy centers. This book then discusses the variables that affect all enzymes, which include moisture content, temperature, and pH. This text examines as well the different characteristics of competitive and noncompetitive inhibitions. Other chapters focus on the properties and actions of carbohydrases, which cause the chemical bonds to unite simple sugars into the polymeric saccharides. The final chapter deals with the allergic reactions that commercial enzymes may cause to humans. Microbiologists, food technologists, nutritionists, and food scientists will find this book extremely useful.

  • Chemical and Biochemical Applications of Lasers V5

    • 1st Edition
    • C. Bradley Moore
    • English
    Chemical and Biological Applications of Lasers, Volume V focuses on the laser applications in photochemistry and spectroscopy. This book examines the spectroscopic detection of single atoms and explores the purification of industrial chemicals. Organized into seven chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the methods developed for laser detection of single atoms, including fluorescence, photoionization, photodeflection, and their combinations. This text then discusses the methods of high resolution spectroscopy, which provide detailed information on molecular structure and reaction kinetics studies. Other chapters review several laser photodissociation studies, which explain dissociation dynamics. This book discusses as well the possibilities for selective photochemical reactions and examines the potential of lasers for practical application in chemical processing. The final chapter considers the various metals that can undergo a photochemical change in oxidation state in ordinary solvents. This book is a valuable resource for physicists, chemists, electrochemists, photochemists, electrical engineers, and chemical engineers.

  • Plants, Chemicals and Growth

    • 1st Edition
    • F.C. Steward
    • English
    Plants, Chemicals and Growth focuses on chemicals that regulate the growth and development of plants. It explores the problems of growth and growth regulation by looking at the roles of chemical substances, natural and synthetic, which affect the behavior of the cells of flowering plants. It also describes the variety of responses triggered by such chemicals, which include herbicides, those that stimulate the rooting of cuttings or cause leaf or fruit abscission, and those associated with fruit setting and artificial parthenocarpy. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of examples of chemical regulators and the biological responses they induce in plants, from tropism and chemotropism to nastic responses; rhythmic phenomena in growth and development; initiation of lateral organs and problems of phyllotaxy; periodicities in growth; and effects on the balance between vegetative growth, flowering, and fruiting. It discusses the totipotency and exogenous regulation of cells, history and modern concepts of plant growth regulators, the ways chemicals induce growth in quiescent cells, and growth-regulating effects in free cell systems. The reader is also introduced to biologically active compounds, such as indolyl and triazine compounds; how plant-regulating substances work; concepts and interpretations of plant growth regulation; and problems and prospects of chemical regulation of plant growth and development. This book will be of interest to teachers, biology students, agriculturalists, and researchers.

  • Turbulence and Molecular Processes in Combustion

    • 1st Edition
    • T. Takeno
    • English
    An understanding of the intricacies in the turbulent combustion process may be a key to solving many of the current energy and environmental problems. The essential nature of turbulent combustion can be derived from the interaction between stochastic flow fluctuations and deterministic molecular processes, such as chemical reaction and transport processes. Undoubtedly, this is one of the most challenging fields of engineering science today, requiring as it does the interaction of scientists and engineers in the respective fields of chemical kinetics and fluid mechanics. The 28 papers in this volume review recent advances in these two disciplines providing new insights into the fundamental processes, addressing a great deal of recent progress. This progress ranges from descriptions of elementary chemical kinetics, to working those descriptions into combustion calculations with large numbers of elementary steps, to improved understanding of turbulent reacting flows and advances in simulations of turbulent combustion. The contributions will inspire further research on many fronts, advancing the understanding of combustion processes, as well as fostering a growing interdisciplinary cooperation.

  • Qualitative Analysis of Flavor and Fragrance Volatiles by Glass Capillary Gas Chromatography

    • 1st Edition
    • Walter Jennings
    • English
    Qualitative Analysis of Flavor and Fragrance Volatiles by Glass Capillary Gas Chromatography deals with the application of glass capillary gas chromatography to qualitative analysis of flavor and fragrance volatiles. Topics range from gas chromatographic system requirements and retention indices to selective detectors, ancillary reactions, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This text is comprised of six chapters; the first of which provides an overview of the use of glass capillary gas chromatography in qualitative analysis of flavor and fragrance volatiles. The discussion then turns to gas chromatographic system requirements with respect to columns, inlets, detectors, and temperature control. The reader is also introduced to the Kovats retention index system, which utilizes a logarithmic scale to describe the retention behavior of a compound relative to that of the n-paraffin hydrocarbons. The use of selective detectors, such as thermal conductivity, flame ionization, nitrogen-phosphorus, electron capture, and photoionization detectors in qualitative analysis, is also considered. The final two chapters focus on ancillary reactions in glass capillary gas chromatography and general considerations in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, including interfacing. This book is intended primarily for researchers involved in studies of the volatile constituents of fragrances, food, and natural products.

  • Biochemical Actions of Hormones V9

    • 1st Edition
    • Gerald Litwack
    • English
    Biochemical Actions of Hormones, Volume IX is an 11-chapter text that provides the developments in the theoretical and experimental understanding of hormonal actions and regulation. After presenting an overview of research on peptide and steroid hormones, this volume goes on exploring the lipotropins and their active degradation products, as well as the adenylate cyclase enzyme regulation by adrenergic receptors. These topics are followed by discussions on the potassium ion conductance in the pancreatic beta cell; the concept of the insulin sensitive chemoreceptor of the central nervous system; the estrogen-induced growth factors and their role in tumor cell growth; and the nuclear acceptors for the avian progesterone receptor. Other chapters consider the structural aspects of steroid hormones and their receptors, with an emphasis on the importance of pyridoxal phosphate research studies on a better understanding of the steroid receptors function. This book also looks into an affinity label for glucocorticoid receptors and the development of a polyclonal antibody for this receptor. The concluding chapter emphasizes the regulation of the steroid sulfotransferases. This volume will be of great value to biologists, biochemists, and researchers who are interested in the biochemical aspects of hormones.

  • Computers in Chemical and Biochemical Research V2

    • 1st Edition
    • C.E. Klopfenstein
    • English
    Computers in Chemical and Biochemical Research, Volume 2, provides a suitable medium permitting communication of important results of workers in computer-assisted chemistry. The present volume complements its predecessor and includes reviews and original articles about a variety of topics not dealt with earlier. The scope of the series is broad and the articles are designed to provide coverage of state-of-the-art advances and to prevent wasteful duplications of effort. The book contains seven chapters and opens with a survey of the field of pattern recognition in chemistry along with past and future directions. This is followed by separate chapters covering an on-line graphics system as a teaching aid in physical chemistry; financial and hardware analysis and specifications of laboratory minicomputer systems; and the use of these principles in the automation of a clinical laboratory. Subsequent chapters deal with the use of new technology in automation of two specific types of experimental apparatus; and computer automation in gas-liquid chromatography.

  • Rheological Phenomena in Focus

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 4
    • D.V. Boger + 1 more
    • English
    More than possibly any other scientific discipline, rheology is easily visualized and the relevant literature contains many excellent photographs of unusual and often bizarre phenomena. The present book brings together these photographs for the first time. They are supported by a full explanatory text. Rheological Phenomena in Focus will be an indispensable support manual to all those who teach rheology or have to convince colleagues of the practical relevance of the subject within an industrial setting. For those who teach fluid mechanics, the book clearly illustrates the difference between inelastic fluids and viscoelastic fluids in a number of important flow fields. For example, the influence of the configuration of molecules in an entry flow, the influence of rounding corners, the reluctance of elastic liquids to turn corners, and the sensitivity of elastic fluids to asymmetries in the flow are clearly illustrated. In addition many flow instabilities, where fluid elasticity is clearly the dominant variable, are shown.

  • The Porphyrins V7

    Biochemistry, Part B
    • 1st Edition
    • David Dolphin
    • English
    The Porphyrins, Volume VII: Biochemistry, Part B is devoted to the biochemistry of porphyrins, their precursors, and related compounds. The book covers the structure and function of the major heme proteins and their reconstitution and metal substitution, along with proteins derived from green photosynthetic bacteria. This volume is organized into 11 chapters and begins with an introduction to the cytochrome oxidase, paying particular attention to its isolation and characterization as well as biosynthesis. The discussion then turns to the electron transfer functions of cytochromes b and c; the structure of cytochrome c; and the proposed structures for peroxidases, catalases, and chloroperoxidase. The following chapters explore the biochemical mechanism and control of the catalytic function of cytochrome P-450 and associated electron transport chains, metal substitution in hemoglobin and myoglobin, and reconstitution experiments on various hemoproteins with particular attention to the removal of heme and reassembly into a heme-protein complex, along with protein folding around the heme. This book will be of interest to inorganic, organic, physical, and biochemists involved in the study of the biochemistry of porphyrins.

  • Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Oxygen

    • 1st Edition
    • Winslow Caughey
    • English
    Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Oxygen contains the proceedings of a symposium held on the Pingree Park Campus of Colorado State University on September 24-29, 1978. Contributors discuss the biochemical and clinical aspects of oxygen, focusing on reactions and areas relating to heme, flavin, copper and nonheme iron proteins, organ transplants, carbon monoxide formation and detoxification, oxidant drugs and pollutants, oxygen toxicity, enzyme inactivation, lipid peroxidation, membrane destruction, antioxidants, cataractogenesis, mutagen and carcinogen formation, malaria and trypanosome parasites, and inflammation. This volume is organized into 51 chapters and begins with a discussion of bonding and reactions of dioxygen bound to hemeproteins, along with the pathophysiology of hemolysis due to unstable hemoglobins. The focus then turns to the reactivity and function of leghemoglobin, reduction of oxygen and five redox forms of horseradish peroxidase, and acid-base catalysis and hydrogen bonding in reactions mediated by peroxidases. The reader is methodically introduced to the ligands of cytochrome P-450 and their role in the activation of dioxygen, oxygen and catabolite regulation of hemoprotein biosynthesis in yeast, and factors controlling hemoprotein reactivity. A chapter describing the spectroscopic mapping of oxygen supply and demand in the heart concludes the book. This book will be of interest to biochemists, biophysicists, physicians, toxicologists, immunologists, physiologists, parasitologists, radiologists, and environmentalists.

  • The Analysis and Control of Less Desirable Flavors in Foods and Beverages

    • 1st Edition
    • George Charalambous
    • English
    The Analysis and Control of Less Desirable Flavors in Foods and Beverages contains the proceedings of a symposium held in August 1980 at the Second Chemical Congress of the North American Continent under the auspices of the Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division of American Chemical Society. The papers explore advances in the analysis and control or prevention of less desirable taste and aroma factors in foods and beverages such as fish and shellfish, meat, cheese, soy proteins, corn syrup, water, citrus juices, milk, and beer. This book is comprised of 15 chapters and begins with a review of advances in the separation of volatile components, particularly with respect to gas chromatography. The reader is then introduced to methods and procedures for analysis and control of less desirable flavors in fish and shellfish, meat, cheese, corn syrup, soy proteins, citrus juices, milk, beer, and wine. The analysis and control of taste and odor of public water supplies which are used commonly for food processing and manufacture are also considered. Furthermore, the techniques used to minimize, remove, or mask the bitter flavor that arises unintentionally during enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins are described. This monograph will be a useful resource for students, chemists, and food technologists, as well as growers, processors, fabricated food and beverage manufacturers, brewers, wine makers, distillers, and consumers.

  • Porous Media

    Fluid Transport and Pore Structure
    • 2nd Edition
    • F. A.L. Dullien
    • Howard Brenner
    • English
    This book examines the relationship between transport properties and pore structure of porous material. Models of pore structure are presented with a discussion of how such models can be used to predict the transport properties of porous media. Portions of the book are devoted to interpretations of experimental results in this area and directions for future research. Practical applications are given where applicable, and are expected to be useful for a large number of different fields, including reservoir engineering, geology, hydrogeology, soil science, chemical process engineering, biomedical engineering, fuel technology, hydrometallurgy, nuclear reactor technology, and materials science.

  • Asymmetric Synthesis V3

    • 1st Edition
    • James Morrison
    • English
    Asymmetric Synthesis, Volume 3: Stereodifferentiatin... Addition Reactions, Part B presents intensive investigations in leading academic and industrial laboratories on stereodifferentiatin... addition reactions. This book is divided into eight chapters and begins with a comprehensive review of the formation of chiral metal enolates and their stereoselective alkylation reactions. These topics are followed by discussions on chiral Aldol addition reactions and the many variations of asymmetric synthesis that may be carried out using chiral oxazolines. A chapter describes the alkylation of chiral hydrazones, a process that yields chiral-substituted aldehydes and ketones. Other chapters explore a variety of cyclization processes that form carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. The last chapters deal with the asymmetric cycloadditions and sigma-tropic rearrangements. Synthetic chemists and researchers will find this book invaluable.

  • Absorbent Polymer Technology

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 8
    • L. Brannon-Peppas + 1 more
    • English
    In recent years, there has been a veritable explosion of research and development in consumer-oriented fields that utilize polymeric materials which absorb large amounts of water. These fields encompass the preparation, characterization and commercialization of separation systems, pharmaceutical and personal care products such as infant diapers, feminine products, incontinence products and many other related areas. The polymeric materials utilized in these applications are known as absorbent or superabsorbent materials because of their ability to swell rapidly and to retain large volumes of water, urine and other biological fluids.The aim of this book is to introduce the fundamentals of polymer structure and swelling as related to polymers used for these superabsorbent materials. In the field of absorbence, particular attention is given to crosslinked structures which swell to more than fifty times their initial weight in water or electrolytic solutions. The book also provides descriptions of novel applications of superabsorbent materials as well as a detailed analysis of water transport in crosslinked polymers.Absorbent Polymer Technology should be of interest to chemists, polymer scientists, chemical engineers, and industrial scientists working with swellable polymeric systems in personal care, pharmaceutical, agricultural waste treatment and separation industries.

  • Chelating Agents and Metal Chelates

    • 1st Edition
    • F Dwyer
    • English
    Chelating Agents and Metal Chelates focuses on the structure and properties of metal chelates, as well as bond types, stereochemistry, and optical phenomena. The selection first offers information on historical background and fundamental concepts and the nature of metal-ligand bond. Discussions focus on the structure and stability of metal chelates, bond types and characteristic properties, classes of acceptor metal atoms, and metal-metal bonds in complex compounds. The text also touches on bidentate chelates, design and stereochemistry of multidentate chelating agents, and optical phenomena in metal chelates. The publication ponders on oxidation-reduction potentials as functions of donor atom and ligand and metal chelates of ethylenediaminetetra... acid and related substances. Topics include liquid junction potentials, reversibility, measurement of redox potentials, ethylenediaminetetra... chelate couples, and metal chelates of ethylenediaminetetra... acid. The text also takes a look at metal chelates in biological systems and physical and coordination chemistry of tetrapyrrole pigments. The manuscript is a vital reference for senior students, research workers, biologists, and medical scientists interested in the chemistry of metal chelates.

  • Biochemical Actions of Hormones V4

    • 1st Edition
    • Gerald Litwack
    • English
    Biochemical Actions of Hormones, Volume IV explores the significant developments toward understanding the primary effects of hormones in cellular receptors at the molecular level. This volume is composed of nine chapters, and begins with a review of the developments in affinity labeling that relate principally to the determination of the mechanisms of hormone action. The following chapters examine the role of prostaglandins in ovarian function and the methods for measuring protein synthesis and degradation in the heart and skeletal muscle. These topics are followed by discussions on the regulation of cholesterol synthesis by individual hormones; the regulatory mechanisms modulating the responsiveness of pineal gland to ß-adrenergic receptor stimulation; and the unitary mechanism of thyrotropin-releasin... hormone action in target cells. The remaining chapters cover the insulin binding and insulin receptors from a variety of tissues and diverse species. These chapters also look into the physiology, molecular action, and biological effects of androgens and cyclic adenosine monophosphate. This book will be of great benefit to endocrinologists.

  • Flavor of Foods and Beverages

    Chemistry and Technology
    • 1st Edition
    • George Charalambous
    • English
    Flavor of Foods and Beverages Chemistry and Technology covers the proceedings of an international conference sponsored by the Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division of the American Chemical Society held in Athens, Greece on June 27-29, 1978. It presents information on the flavor of foods and beverages. This book discusses wide ranging subjects, such as flavor of meat, meat analogs, chocolate and cocoa substitutes, cheese aroma, beverages, baked goods, confections, tea, citrus and other fruits, olive oil, and sweeteners. It also examines new analytical methodology on taste and aroma, as well as flavor production, stability, and composition. This book will be useful for students, chemists, technologists, and manufacturers involved in any facet of producing foods and beverages.

  • Applied Industrial Catalysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Bruce Leach
    • English
    Applied Industrial Catalysis, Volume 1 provides a practical description of catalysis by industrial scientists. This book provides information pertinent to industrial catalysis, which is influenced by science, business, economic, markets, and politics. Organized into 10 chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the significance of industrial catalysis and its effect on human lifestyle and environment. This text then describes how to take a laboratory catalyst to successful commercialization with minimum problems. Other chapters consider in detail two major refinery processes, namely, hydrotreating and reforming. The reader is introduced to the specific processes for polyethylene and polypropylene manufacture. This book reviews as well ethylene oxide synthesis and explains oxychlorination of ethylene to ethylene dichloride. The final chapter reviews methanol carbonylation to acetic acid, which is produced by continuously reacting methanol and carbon monoxide in a homogeneous catalytic reactor at <200°C and <500 psi pressure. Industrial scientists and process engineers will find this book useful.

  • Biochemical and Photosynthetic Aspects of Energy Production

    • 1st Edition
    • Anthony San Pietro
    • English
    Biochemical and Photosynthetic Aspects of Energy Production describes the biological processes that may serve to provide alternative energy sources. This book contains nine chapters that specifically tackle the utilization of biological and agricultural wastes, energy farming, and leaf protein. The introductory chapters deal with the dynamics of seaweed growth, the physical properties controlling them, and the elements of algal-bacterial systems. These topics are followed by a discussion on the potential for the production of meaningful amounts of gaseous and liquid fuels, as well as selected organic chemicals from residues and biomass. The following chapters examine the fundamentals and principles of nitrogen fixation, the factors that affect the possibilities of success in energy farming projects, and the development and atmospheric consequences of oxygen and carbon dioxide cycles. The concluding chapters explore the mechanism of glycerol production in the Dunaliella alga and the energy analysis in biofuel production. Biochemists, biologists, and researchers in the fields of alternative fuels will find this book of great value.

  • Biological Electrochemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • Glenn Dryhurst
    • English
    Biological Electrochemistry, Volume I is a result of a series of lectures given regarding the electrochemistry of small and large organic and inorganic molecules and how electrochemical information helps in understanding some of the biological redox reactions of these systems. This volume ultimately focuses on the electrochemistry of small and macromolecular organic compounds. This book is divided into seven chapters where each focuses on a particular organic compound. These compounds are quinones, catecholamines, phenothiazines, ascorbic acid, purines, vitamin B12 and related compounds, and proteins. Each chapter starts with a brief introduction to the compounds and then its structure and electrochemistry aspect. The last chapter gives a detailed discussion on different kinds of proteins and their electrochemistry aspects. This volume will be of help to students as well as electrochemists, biochemists, biologists, and other scientists in the field of biotechnology.

  • Automated Stream Analysis for Process Control V1

    • 1st Edition
    • Dan Manka
    • English
    Automated Stream Analysis for Process Control, Volume 1 provides information pertinent to stream analyzers and its elements, including the system, construction, control, and operation. This book examines the results of the analysis, which must be used properly by the computer in order to regulate the process controls so that the process stream will obtain its ultimate goal. Organized into 12 chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the uses of liquid flow-injection analytical devices in process control applications within the chemical production plant. This text then examines the initial two techniques, namely, ion chromatography and ion exclusion chromatography that are used to analyze over 90 varieties of ions down to part-per-billion in aqueous streams in laboratory applications in academic, government, and industrial laboratories. Other chapters consider monitoring of gas streams generated from process development units. Chemists, chemical engineers, analytical chemists, as well as laboratory and plant managers will find this book extremely useful.

  • Biochemical Evolution

    • 1st Edition
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • English
    Biochemical Evolution focuses on the processes, approaches, and methodologies involved in biochemical evolution, including biochemical systems, digestion, metabolism, and morphology. The publication first offers information on the unity of the biochemical plan of animals, dissimilarities, and evolution of biochemical constituents, as well as biochemical analogs and homologs and evolution of biochemical constituents. The text then ponders on orthogenetic evolution of biochemical systems and biochemical adaptations. Discussions focus on respiratory function, hydrolytic processes of digestion, protein metabolism, ammonemia, domain of glucemia, and marine, fresh-water, and terrestrial animals. The manuscript takes a look at systematic characters, including the biochemical characteristics of vertebrates, tunicates, cyclostomes, elasmobranchs, insects, sipunculids, and the taxonomy of biochemical characteristics. The text then tackles perspectives, as well as mechanism of biochemical evolution, biochemistry and morphology, and irreversibility of lost biochemical characters. The book is a dependable source of data for readers interested in biochemical evolution.

  • Current Biochemical Research in China

    • 1st Edition
    • C Tsou
    • English
    Current Biochemical Research in China presents the Chinese contributions to the biochemical sciences. This book aims to make the situation of biochemical research in China better known to the rest of the world. Organized into 21 chapters, this book begins with an overview of some of the fundamental research of Chinese biochemists, which may be found interesting by colleagues in the western world. This text then presents the investigations of the relationship between structure and function of proteins by synthetic methods. Other chapters provide the comprehensive and scientific compilation of the herb medicines used in China since ancient times. This book discusses as well the correlation of molecular structures of proteins with their biological functions. The final chapter deals with the importance of hemostasis and thrombosis wherein platelets adhere to injured vascular wall and aggregate to form the white hemostatic plug. This book is a valuable resource for biochemists, biophysicists, scientists, and research workers.

  • Chemical and Biochemical Applications of Lasers V1

    • 1st Edition
    • C. Bradley Moore
    • English
    Chemical and Biochemical Applications of Lasers aims to give a general introduction to as well as an evaluation of the successful application of lasers in various areas, especially in the fields of chemistry and biochemistry. The book begins with a basic knowledge of general laser physics and the types of lasers, then moves on to more specific topics that include the Raman spectra of biological materials; laser spectroscopy of gas phase ions; and optical analogs of magnetic spectroscopy. The text also discusses the molecular beams; the energy flow in polyatomic molecules; and the different properties of molecules in relation to electronical excitation and quasi-electric light scattering. Studies of different chemical reactions are also included. The text is recommended for chemists, biochemists, and chemical physicists who want to know more about lasers and its applications to their respective fields. The book will also be helpful for those concerned with the chemical reactions lasers can bring about and for those who want to conduct further studies regarding laser uses.

  • The Porphyrins V6

    Biochemistry, Part A
    • 1st Edition
    • David Dolphin
    • English
    The Porphyrins, Volume VI: Biochemistry, Part A deals with the biochemistry of porphyrins, their precursors, catabolic derivatives, and related compounds. The book covers the biosynthesis of porphyrins and chlorophylls; the formation and metabolism of bile pigments in animals and plants; as well as the synthesis, characterization, and chemistry of the bile pigments and their derivatives. An account of the historical and clinical aspects of porphyrins and bile pigments is also given. This volume is organized into 12 chapters and begins with an overview of protoporphyrins and their metabolic intermediates, paying particular attention to their synthesis and biosynthesis. The discussion then shifts to the biosynthesis of porphyrins and chlorophylls; the in vivo formation and metabolism of bile pigments such as biliverdin and bilirubin; and yellow, green, and blue bile pigments. The reader is then introduced to bile pigments of plants including phytochrome and phycobiliproteins; the general structures and nomenclature of bile pigment derivatives; and the Stokvis reaction. The book also considers the clinical chemistry of porphyrins, and then concludes with a chapter on milestones in the history of bile pigments. This book will be of value to inorganic, organic, physical, and biochemists interested in the biochemistry of porphyrins.

  • Biology and the Manufacturing Industries

    Proceedings of Symposium held at the Royal Geographical Society, London on 29 and 30 September 1966
    • 1st Edition
    • M Brook
    • English
    Biology and the Manufacturing Industries focuses on the appreciation of the role of biology in the operations of manufacturing industries. Divided into four parts with 18 chapters, the book contains the literature of various authors who have diligently conducted studies on the relationship of biology and the manufacturing industries. The discussions start with the industrial aspects of microbial food production, particularly focusing on the symba-yeast process, pest control, and the factors affecting continuous fermentation. The book also notes the impact of manufacturing industries on agriculture. The book considers the importance of biological factors to the design and operation of power stations, as well as the biological processes in the treatment and disposal of waste waters. This topic includes actions to be taken regarding microbiological problems as well as the conduct of research sponsored by the manufacturing industries. The discussions progresses to how sensory methods can solve flavor problems in the food industry. The toxicity of potential drugs is also given importance. Lastly, the role of biologists in the industries, as well as their role as industrial engineers, is emphasized. The book is a must for readers who are interested in exploring the role of biology in the manufacturing industries and other fields.

  • Hazard Assessment of Chemicals

    Current Departments
    • 1st Edition
    • Jitendra Saxena
    • English
    Hazard Assessment of Chemicals: Current Developments, Volume 1 is a comprehensive and authoritative account of major developments in hazard assessment of chemicals. In addition to subject reviews, this volume contains case histories of topical chemicals and/or chemical classes in order to show examples of the applications of available methods and approaches for evaluating chemicals. Primary and secondary sources of information on chemicals are considered, along with the environmental and health hazards associated with chemicals. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with an assessment of information sources on toxic substances, followed by a discussion on pre-concentration of trace metals from aquatic environmental samples. Subsequent chapters focus on the reproductive toxicology of aquatic contaminants; partition coefficient and water solubility in environmental chemistry; in vitro metabolism and activation of chemical carcinogens; and modeling of toxic spills into waterways. Estimation of exposure to hazardous chemicals is also described, along with structure-activity relationships in hazard assessment. The final chapter presents a case study of azaarenes, with emphasis on their sources, distribution, environmental impact, and health effects. This book will be of interest to toxicologists, chemists, and environmental and public health officials.

  • Sanitation in Food Processing

    • 1st Edition
    • John Troller
    • English
    Sanitation in Food Processing is a guide to food process sanitation, which illustrates the principles with timely examples. It discusses the importance of training in food-plant sanitation programs, as well as regulatory programs relating to all aspects of food plant sanitation, including Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), the construction and design of food plants, and prevention of food-borne diseases. Comprised of 19 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of sanitation in food processing, good sanitation practices, and the ways to establish a successful food sanitation program. It then discusses factors to consider in the design and construction of food plants; sanitary design and operation of food processing and service equipment; microbial growth in foods; the importance of personal hygiene; and significant insects in the food industry. The reader is also introduced to ways of controlling insects, rodents, and birds in the food environment, while other chapters address sanitation in food packaging, storage, and transport. The book concludes with a summary of food laws and regulations. This book is a valuable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students, food sanitarians, and others in the food-processing industry who want to learn more about the ways and means of ensuring the quality and safety of the food we eat.

  • Biochemical Actions of Hormones V13

    • 1st Edition
    • Gerald Litwack
    • English
    Biochemical Actions of Hormones, Volume XIII is a 13-chapter text that explores the biochemical aspects of polypeptide, steroid, and insect hormones. The opening chapters examine the control of glucose transport by insulin, the participation of nuclear poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribosyl)... in hormonal mechanisms, and the concept of ovulation control. These topics are followed by discussions on the immunohistochemistry of human chorionic gonadotropin; the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) action on adrenal cholesterol metabolism and its interaction with adrenal receptors; the structure-activity relationships of neurohypophyseal hormones; and the interactions between different functional sites in the epidermal growth factor receptor. A chapter focuses on the juvenile hormone-binding proteins. The remaining chapters consider the actions of steroid hormones. These chapters specifically describe the androgen receptor, the interaction of the glucocorticoid receptors with specific DNA sequences, and glucocorticoid actions on fibroblasts. A discussion on the potential role of RNA in the glucocorticoid receptor mechanism is also included in these chapters. This book will be of great benefit to endocrinologists, biochemists, biologists, and researchers who are interested in hormonal action and regulation.

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