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Elsevier

Books in Chemical engineering

The Chemical Engineering collection offers content that combines research with foundational knowledge, practical information, methods and case studies, in a variety of areas, including biochemical engineering, catalysis, filtration & separation, colloids & surface chemistry, electrochemical engineering, energy & transport processes, materials chemistry, metallurgy, process engineering, safety & reliability, sustainable & environmental, to help chemical engineers address the challenges we face today, including climate change, global warming, health and nutrition, and alternative energy.

  • Marine Natural Products V2

    Chemical And Biological Perspectives
    • 1st Edition
    • Poul Schever
    • English
    Marine Natural Products: Chemical and Biological Perspectives, Volume II, reviews the state of knowledge in the chemistry and biology of marine natural products. It attempts to bring together timely and critical reviews that are representative of major current researches and that, hopefully, will also foreshadow future trends. The first three chapters of this volume deal with marine carotenoids, steroids, and diterpenoids. This is followed by a chapter that examines a single phylum, the Coelenterata, and its metabolites. The Coelenterata is an almost exclusively marine phylum of some 9000 described living species. Research predicts that the coelenterates will yield a rich harvest of organic metabolites. The final chapter, which focuses on 13C NMR spectroscopy for structural elucidation, reveals the power of this instrumental method especially when applied to the difficult problems of polyhalogenated marine metabolites.

  • Ziegler-Natta Catalysts Polymerizations

    • 1st Edition
    • John Jr. Boor
    • English
    Ziegler-Natta Catalysts and Polymerizations reviews the general aspects of Ziegler-Natta catalysts and polymerizations of olefins, dienes, and many other types of monomers. Topics covered include the physical state of the polymer during polymerization; modification of Ziegler-Natta catalysts by third components; and termination of polymer chain growth. The oxidation state of catalysts and active centers is also discussed, along with copolymerizations and block polymerizations. This book is comprised of 23 chapters and begins with an overview of Ziegler-Natta catalysts and polymerizations, their historical origins, scientific and commercial importance, and major advances in polymer science. The next chapter focuses on definitions and stereochemistry of Ziegler-Natta catalysts, together with analytical methods used to identify and quantitatively measure their structures. Some of the polymers produced commercially with Ziegler-Natta catalysts are considered. The discussion then turns to mechanisms for initiating and propagating olefins; mechanisms for stereochemical control of conjugated and nonconjugated dienes; and the basic kinetic parameters that characterize Ziegler-Natta polymerizations. This monograph is written especially for chemistry and engineering graduate students and for industrial chemists, engineers, and managers who may become involved in a Ziegler-Natta problem.

  • Sanitation in Food Processing

    • 1st Edition
    • John Troller
    • English
    Sanitation in Food Processing is a guide to food process sanitation, which illustrates the principles with timely examples. It discusses the importance of training in food-plant sanitation programs, as well as regulatory programs relating to all aspects of food plant sanitation, including Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), the construction and design of food plants, and prevention of food-borne diseases. Comprised of 19 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of sanitation in food processing, good sanitation practices, and the ways to establish a successful food sanitation program. It then discusses factors to consider in the design and construction of food plants; sanitary design and operation of food processing and service equipment; microbial growth in foods; the importance of personal hygiene; and significant insects in the food industry. The reader is also introduced to ways of controlling insects, rodents, and birds in the food environment, while other chapters address sanitation in food packaging, storage, and transport. The book concludes with a summary of food laws and regulations. This book is a valuable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students, food sanitarians, and others in the food-processing industry who want to learn more about the ways and means of ensuring the quality and safety of the food we eat.

  • Polymer Thermodynamics by Gas Chromatography

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 4
    • R. Vîlcu + 1 more
    • English
    This book presents direct and inverse gas chromatography as a powerful tool for determining a great number of thermodynamic properties and quantities for micro- and especially for macromolecular substances. In order to ensure the continuity and clarity of the presentation, the book first considers some frequently used concepts of chromatography with a mobile gas phase, i.e. the mechanism of separation, retention parameters and the theories of gas chromatography. The employment of this technique as an important method of studying solutions through the most representative statistical models is also discussed. The thermodynamics of direct gas chromatography, as applied to dissolution, adsorption and vaporization underlies the thermodynamic treatment of inverse gas chromatography. The most extensive chapter of the book is devoted to the thermodynamics of inverse gas chromatography and deals with a number of important topics: phase transitions in crystalline-amorphou... polymers and liquid crystals, glass transitions, other second order transitions in polymers, the determination of diffusion coefficients, the segregation of block copolymers and other applications.This book is intended for those specialists in research and industry who are concerned with the modification and characterization of polymers, with establishing polymer applications, and with the processing of polymers. It will also be useful to students and specialists interested in the physico-chemical basis of the phenomena involved in gas chromatography in general and its inverse variant in particular.

  • Biochemical Actions of Hormones V6

    • 1st Edition
    • Gerald Litwack
    • English
    Biochemical Actions of Hormones, Volume VI is a 10-chapter text that summarizes the regulation of protein kinases and phosphoprotein phosphatases and the relationship of the endocrines to cancer. This volume describes first the precise structures of steroid hormones and carcinogens. The subsequent chapters cover the hormonal regulation of chemical carcinogenesis; the importance of steroid hormones as growth factors for mammary tumors; the effects of steroid hormones in the central nervous system; and the properties of the purified estrogen receptor. A chapter highlights the biochemical actions of neurohypophysial hormones and neurophysin. Another chapter presents the biochemistry and physiology of cytokinin, a plant hormone. The final chapter exemplifies the multihormonal systems by control of the α2u-globulin produced in the liver. This book will be of great value to endocrinologists.

  • Gas Chromatography with Glass Capillary Columns

    • 2nd Edition
    • Walter Jennings
    • English
    The need for this second edition is dictated by developments that have occurred in this rapidly changing field and by sins of omission and sins of commission in the first edition. Projections available at the time of this writing indicate that gas chromoatography will remain the world's most widely used analytical technique for some time.

  • Biological Electrochemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • Glenn Dryhurst
    • English
    Biological Electrochemistry, Volume I is a result of a series of lectures given regarding the electrochemistry of small and large organic and inorganic molecules and how electrochemical information helps in understanding some of the biological redox reactions of these systems. This volume ultimately focuses on the electrochemistry of small and macromolecular organic compounds. This book is divided into seven chapters where each focuses on a particular organic compound. These compounds are quinones, catecholamines, phenothiazines, ascorbic acid, purines, vitamin B12 and related compounds, and proteins. Each chapter starts with a brief introduction to the compounds and then its structure and electrochemistry aspect. The last chapter gives a detailed discussion on different kinds of proteins and their electrochemistry aspects. This volume will be of help to students as well as electrochemists, biochemists, biologists, and other scientists in the field of biotechnology.

  • The Porphyrins V7

    Biochemistry, Part B
    • 1st Edition
    • David Dolphin
    • English
    The Porphyrins, Volume VII: Biochemistry, Part B is devoted to the biochemistry of porphyrins, their precursors, and related compounds. The book covers the structure and function of the major heme proteins and their reconstitution and metal substitution, along with proteins derived from green photosynthetic bacteria. This volume is organized into 11 chapters and begins with an introduction to the cytochrome oxidase, paying particular attention to its isolation and characterization as well as biosynthesis. The discussion then turns to the electron transfer functions of cytochromes b and c; the structure of cytochrome c; and the proposed structures for peroxidases, catalases, and chloroperoxidase. The following chapters explore the biochemical mechanism and control of the catalytic function of cytochrome P-450 and associated electron transport chains, metal substitution in hemoglobin and myoglobin, and reconstitution experiments on various hemoproteins with particular attention to the removal of heme and reassembly into a heme-protein complex, along with protein folding around the heme. This book will be of interest to inorganic, organic, physical, and biochemists involved in the study of the biochemistry of porphyrins.

  • Asymmetric Synthesis V4

    • 1st Edition
    • James Morrison
    • English
    Asymmetric Synthesis, Volume 4: The Chiral Carbon Pool and Chiral Sulfur, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Silicon Centers describes the practical methods of obtaining chiral fragments. Divided into five chapters, this book specifically examines initial chiral transmission and extension. The opening chapter describes the so-called chiral carbon pool, the readily available chiral carbon fragments used as building blocks in synthesis. This chapter also provides a list of 375 chiral building blocks, along with their commercial sources, approximate prices, and methods of synthesis. Schemes involving almost 1,300 structures and the use of chiral building blocks to prepare alkaloids, arachidonic acid metabolites, compounds with chemotherapeutic and pharmacological activity, insect pheromones, sugars, vitamins, terpenoids, and miscellaneous compounds are also included in this text. The remaining chapters provide a similar overview of the chemistry of compounds chiral at sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon. Synthetic chemists and researchers, especially those engaged in pharmaceutical research and specialty chemicals production, will find this book invaluable.

  • Biochemical Mechanisms of Paraquat Toxicity

    • 1st Edition
    • Anne Pomeroy Autor
    • English
    Biochemical Mechanisms of Paraquat Toxicity presents the proceedings of the First Iowa Symposium on Toxic Mechanisms that was held from June 28-29, 1976. The symposium brought together a diverse group of investigators consisting of chemists, pharmacologists, pathologists, biochemists, and toxicologists from the United States, Canada, and Europe who have been interested in the mechanism of paraquat toxicity. The book includes papers on the following topics: the general features of toxic lung injury and observations with paraquat and diquat; electron transfer reactions of paraquat; the pathological effects of paraquat on the human lung; and the importance of oxygen and pulmonary alveolar surfactant in lung injury by paraquat. Other papers deal with the effects of paraquat on kidney and liver function in experimental animals; lipid peroxidation as a proposed mechanism for paraquat toxicity; pulmonary fibrosis as a consequence of paraquat toxicity; biochemical changes in lungs exposed to paraquat; effects of selenium deficiency on paraquat toxicity; and treatment for paraquat poisoning.

  • Biochemical Actions of Hormones V12

    • 1st Edition
    • Gerald Litwack
    • English
    Biochemical Actions of Hormones, Volume XII is a compendium of papers discussing aspects of molecular biology with regard to hormone action and to certain hormone receptors. One paper discusses the different approaches and strategies that are used in determining the amino acid sequence. The paper also describes the structural organization of polyprotein precursors such as the peptide chemistry approach or the nucleic acid approach. Another paper investigates the regulation of prolactin biosynthesis by peptide hormones as a model for peptidergic regulation of gene expression. The paper defines in detail which components of the biosynthetic machinery are being regulated by the polypeptide hormones. One paper also analyzes the molecular biology of the metallothioneins, focusing on the glucocorticoid regulation of metallothioneins genes. Experiments show that when the mouse MT-I gene is activated in lymphoid cells, or transferred to other cells, it still retains information needed in metal-regulated expression, though glucocorticoids can no longer regulate the same gene. Other papers discuss the purification and properties of the nerve growth factor receptor, and the thyrotropin receptor. Micro-biologists, biochemists, molecular biologists, cellular biologists, endocrinologists, and scientists involved in cell research will find this collection valuable.

  • Plants, Chemicals and Growth

    • 1st Edition
    • F.C. Steward
    • English
    Plants, Chemicals and Growth focuses on chemicals that regulate the growth and development of plants. It explores the problems of growth and growth regulation by looking at the roles of chemical substances, natural and synthetic, which affect the behavior of the cells of flowering plants. It also describes the variety of responses triggered by such chemicals, which include herbicides, those that stimulate the rooting of cuttings or cause leaf or fruit abscission, and those associated with fruit setting and artificial parthenocarpy. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of examples of chemical regulators and the biological responses they induce in plants, from tropism and chemotropism to nastic responses; rhythmic phenomena in growth and development; initiation of lateral organs and problems of phyllotaxy; periodicities in growth; and effects on the balance between vegetative growth, flowering, and fruiting. It discusses the totipotency and exogenous regulation of cells, history and modern concepts of plant growth regulators, the ways chemicals induce growth in quiescent cells, and growth-regulating effects in free cell systems. The reader is also introduced to biologically active compounds, such as indolyl and triazine compounds; how plant-regulating substances work; concepts and interpretations of plant growth regulation; and problems and prospects of chemical regulation of plant growth and development. This book will be of interest to teachers, biology students, agriculturalists, and researchers.

  • Biochemical Actions of Hormones V5

    • 1st Edition
    • Gerald Litwack
    • English
    Biochemical Actions of Hormones, Volume V explores the nature of interaction of multiple hormones in regulating specific phenotypes. This volume is organized into 11 chapters that include discussions on the developments in the understanding of the biochemistry and molecular biology of hormones. The opening chapters deal with the modifications of chromatin structure by hormones, the regulation of exocytosis, ontogeny of estrogen receptors, and the hormonal regulation of cells of the seminiferous tubule. The discussions then shift to the advances on the progesterone receptor, the role of glucocorticoids in the integration of mammary tumor virus genes, and a model system for estrogen action. Other chapters examine the physiology, molecular action, and biological effects of somatomedins, epidermal growth factors and 1,25-dihydroxyvitami... The remaining chapters focus on multihormone control of mRNA for a specific hepatic protein. This book is of great value to endocrinologists.

  • Current Biochemical Research in China

    • 1st Edition
    • C Tsou
    • English
    Current Biochemical Research in China presents the Chinese contributions to the biochemical sciences. This book aims to make the situation of biochemical research in China better known to the rest of the world. Organized into 21 chapters, this book begins with an overview of some of the fundamental research of Chinese biochemists, which may be found interesting by colleagues in the western world. This text then presents the investigations of the relationship between structure and function of proteins by synthetic methods. Other chapters provide the comprehensive and scientific compilation of the herb medicines used in China since ancient times. This book discusses as well the correlation of molecular structures of proteins with their biological functions. The final chapter deals with the importance of hemostasis and thrombosis wherein platelets adhere to injured vascular wall and aggregate to form the white hemostatic plug. This book is a valuable resource for biochemists, biophysicists, scientists, and research workers.

  • Marine Natural Products V3

    Chemical And Biological Perspectives
    • 1st Edition
    • Poul Schever
    • English
    Marine Natural Products: Chemical and Biological Perspectives, Volume III, reviews the state of knowledge in the chemistry and biology of marine natural products. It attempts to bring together timely and critical reviews that are representative of major current researches and that, hopefully, will also foreshadow future trends. The volume's first chapter discusses separation techniques, including liquid-liquid extraction, membrane separation, chromatography, capillary gas chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. This is followed by a chapter on amino acids that have been isolated from marine algae. Kainic acid, for instance, is a well-established ascaricide that was isolated from a red alga that had been known as an anthelmintic for a thousand years. Only recently, however, has it been recognized as a valuable tool in neurophy sinology. Subsequent chapters deal with nitrogenous pigments in marine invertebrates; and the phenomenon of bioluminescence, which is relatively rare among terrestrial organisms, but which is widespread among marine biota.

  • Absorbent Polymer Technology

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 8
    • L. Brannon-Peppas + 1 more
    • English
    In recent years, there has been a veritable explosion of research and development in consumer-oriented fields that utilize polymeric materials which absorb large amounts of water. These fields encompass the preparation, characterization and commercialization of separation systems, pharmaceutical and personal care products such as infant diapers, feminine products, incontinence products and many other related areas. The polymeric materials utilized in these applications are known as absorbent or superabsorbent materials because of their ability to swell rapidly and to retain large volumes of water, urine and other biological fluids.The aim of this book is to introduce the fundamentals of polymer structure and swelling as related to polymers used for these superabsorbent materials. In the field of absorbence, particular attention is given to crosslinked structures which swell to more than fifty times their initial weight in water or electrolytic solutions. The book also provides descriptions of novel applications of superabsorbent materials as well as a detailed analysis of water transport in crosslinked polymers.Absorbent Polymer Technology should be of interest to chemists, polymer scientists, chemical engineers, and industrial scientists working with swellable polymeric systems in personal care, pharmaceutical, agricultural waste treatment and separation industries.

  • Gas, Dust and Hybrid Explosions

    • 1st Edition
    • W.E. Baker + 1 more
    • English
    Damaging accidental explosions are a continuous threat to industry. Categories for such explosions include combustible dust explosions; reactive gas explosions, both confined and unconfined; hybrid explosions involving both gases and dusts; bursts of pressure vessels and piping; and liquid propellant explosions. This book evaluates the physical processes and resulting blast effects for these types of explosions. Special attention is given to reactive gas explosions, both confined and unconfined. This latter class of explosion has occurred all too frequently in refineries and petrochemical complexes, and is also one of the most difficult to predict and evaluate. Much recent work on this topic is reviewed and summarized. This is the only publication of its kind, to date, that offers such a thorough coverage of these types of industrial explosions. [p]Each class of explosion source is reviewed separately, first discussing fundamentals, then presenting methods of analysis and testing, and finally giving curves or equations to predict effects of the particular class of explosion. An extensive bibliography is included together with tables of pertinent properties of explosive materials. The text also includes many figures, equations, tables and a keyword index. The book is intended for researchers in the field of characterizing and mitigating industrial explosions. It will also be of interest to engineers, scientists, and insurers involved in processes.

  • Chemical plant Taxonomy

    • 1st Edition
    • T Swain
    • English
    Chemical Plant Taxonomy focuses on the classification of plants based on their chemical composition. Composed of contributions of authors, the text first considers the methods of plant taxonomy. Folk taxonomy; Linnaean and post-Linnaean taxonomy; Darwin and ""Evolutionary Taxonomy""; and the development of taxonomic practice are considered. The book continues with discussions on the theoretical and practical aspects of the ""species"" concepts and an outline of the history of chemical taxonomy. The selection also looks at the qualities of chemotaxonomy, the usefulness of chemistry in plant taxonomy, biosynthetic pathways, and the factors affecting the production of secondary plant products. The text discusses the distribution of alkanes. The isolation and characterization of alkanes; taxonomic applications of alkanes; biogenesis of alkanes; and fossil alkanes are discussed. The selection highlights the chemical taxonomy of acetylenic compounds, the distribution of fatty acids in plant lipids, distribution of aliphatic polyols, cyclitols, plant glycosides, and alkaloids. The text is a good source of information for readers wanting to study the taxonomy of chemical plants.

  • Polyacetylene

    Chemistry, Physics, and Material science
    • 1st Edition
    • James C.W. Chien
    • English
    Polyacetylene: Chemistry, Physics, and Material Science reviews the chemistry, physics, and material science of polyacetylene. Topics covered include polymerization and crystal structure of polyacetylene, isomerization, neutral defects, and solitons. Globular morphology and the effect of heat of polymerization on polyacetylene are also discussed, along with doping and chemical reactions of polyacetylene. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with an introduction to a few basic principles of polymer chemistry and solid-state physics, followed by an overview of charge-transfer salts and conducting polymers other than polyacetylene and a historical background on polyacetylene and a general description of its properties. The next chapter gives a detailed treatment of polymerization, with particular reference to the mechanisms and kinetics of acetylene polymerization and direct determination of polyacetylene molecular weight by radioquenching. The remaining chapters focus on the crystal structures and morphology of undoped polyacetylenes; methods of isomerization; spectroscopic, physical, and mechanical properties of undoped polyacetylene; and various chemical reactions of polyacetylene and polymethylacetylene. The probable mechanisms of doping are proposed and theoretical models for polyacetylene are presented. The final chapter considers a few technical applications of polyacetylene. This monograph will be of interest to chemists, physicists, and polymer scientists and engineers.

  • Vapor-Liquid Equilibria Using Unifac

    A Group-Contribution Method
    • 1st Edition
    • Aage Fredenslund
    • English
    Vapor-Liquid Equilibria Using UNIFAC: A Group-Contribution Method focuses on the UNIFAC group-contribution method used in predicting quantitative information on the phase equilibria during separation by estimating activity coefficients. Drawing on tested vapor-liquid equilibrium data on which UNIFAC is based, it demonstrates through examples how the method may be used in practical engineering design calculations. Divided into nine chapters, this volume begins with a discussion of vapor and liquid phase nonidealities and how they are calculated in terms of fugacity and activity coefficients, respectively. It then introduces the reader to the UNIFAC method and how it works, the procedure used in establishing the parameters needed for the model, prediction of binary and multicomponent vapor-liquid equilibria for a large number of systems, the potential of UNIFAC for predicting liquid-liquid equilibria, and how UNIFAC can be used to solve practical distillation design problems. This book will benefit process design engineers who want to reliably predict phase equilibria for designing distillation columns and other separation processes.

  • Tropical Fruit Processing

    • 1st Edition
    • Jethro Jagtian
    • English
    Tropical Fruit Processing focuses on the improved food preservations methods of tropical fruits for lesser developed and developed countries. This book covers four tropical fruits, namely, guava, mango, papaya, and passion fruit. These fruits have the greatest growth potential based on the knowledge and technology acquired in their cultivation, processing, and preservation. Each chapter in this book discusses the botany, cultivars, horticulture, harvesting, handling, storage, composition, packing, and processing of the fruit. A variety of processed products from these fruits, such as jellies, jams, preserves, purees, sauces, and juices, are also covered. Furthermore, this book describes various food preservation methods including dehydration, concentration, and canning. This book is an invaluable resource for scientists, technologists, manufacturers, students, and others concerned with cultivating, processing, manufacturing, research, development, or marketing of foods.

  • Interfacial Phenomena

    • 2nd Edition
    • J.T. Davies
    • English
    Interfacial Phenomena explores the more primary properties of different liquid interfaces. This book is divided into eight chapters, where Chapter 1 establishes the basic concepts of the physics of surfaces, including the properties of matter in the surface layer. Chapters 2 and 3 further discuss the concepts of electrostatic and electrokinetic phenomena, respectively. Other areas discussed in the later chapters include adsorption at liquid interfaces; properties of monolayers; reactions at liquid interfaces; and mass transfer across interfaces. Chapter 8 discusses the more relevant aspects of disperse systems and adhesion as related to the interfacial properties discussed in the previous chapters. The text is a valuable source of information to students and researchers in the fields of chemistry, biology, and chemical engineering and can also be used for industrial and academic laboratories.

  • Biochemical Aspects of Reactions on Solid Supports

    • 1st Edition
    • George Stark
    • English
    Biochemical Aspects of Reactions on Solid Supports focuses on water-soluble enzyme derivatives and their possible use as heterogeneous specific catalysts in research and industry. It discusses the four fundamental methods used for the preparation of water-insoluble derivatives of biologically active proteins. Organized into five chapters, the book starts by reviewing the methods available for the immobilization of proteins, which includes enzymes adsorption, occlusion in cross-linked polymeric matrices, covalent binding to water-insoluble carriers, and intermolecular cross-linking. It then discusses the principle of affinity chromatography, which can be applied to a wide range of macromolecular-ligan... systems. Other chapters consider the developments in the use of solid support and reagents in peptide synthesis. In addition, the book discusses the various methods used in the production of cation-exchange resins for amino acid chromatography and water softening. This book is a valuable resource for biochemists, chemical biologists, scientists, students, and researchers whose interests span a variety of fields.

  • Ring-Forming Polymerizations Pt A

    Carbocyclic and Metallorganic Rings
    • 1st Edition
    • Robert Cotter
    • English
    Ring-forming Polymerizations, Part A: Carbocyclic and Metallorganic Rings covers polymerization reactions that form carbocyclic rings and those that lead to metallorganic ring-containing structures. This book is organized into 11 chapters. The first four chapters describe ring-forming polymerizations that lead to the formation of homocyclic carbon-containing rings. These chapters specifically examine Diels-Alder polymerizations and certain diisopropenyl monomers polymerization yielding high molecular weight polyindanes. Chapter V is an introduction to polymers from metals and unsaturated carbon compounds, which has been called a ""natural coordination polymer"". Chapters VI to X deal with metallorganic ring polymers formed by chelation and are arranged according to the elements in the ligands that are affecting chelation. The final chapter explores ring forming polymerizations that yield polysiloxanes, polysilazanes, and certain polymetalloxanes. This book will be of value to organic chemists and researchers, as well as to organic chemistry teachers and students.

  • Stereo-Differentiating reactions

    The nature of asymmetric reactions
    • 1st Edition
    • Yoshiharu Izumi
    • English
    Stereo-Differentiati... Reactions: The Nature of Asymmetric Reactions provides an introduction to asymmetric reactions. It brings together synthetic organic chemistry, stereochemistry, group theory, the theory of optical rotation, experimental methods, etc., all of which are basic to the study of stereo-differentiati... reactions, to form a unified approach based on the new concept of "differentiation." The authors hope that the value of the new concept, which is rather more complex than conventional treatments of asymmetric reactions, will become clear in the present book. This new concept should be useful in many fields of study, not only the development of stereo-differentiati... reactions, but also in the study of general reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry. The book contains nine chapters and begins with a historical background of studies on asymmetric reactions. This is followed by separate chapters on molecular symmetry and chirality; nomenclature for chirality, prochirality, and stereo-differentiati... reactions; the mechanisms of stereo-differentiati... reactions; methods for studying stereo-differentiati... reactions; and the basic principle of optical activity.

  • Dust Explosions

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 4
    • P. Field
    • English
    Handbook of Powder Technology, Volume 4: Dust Explosions presents the dust explosion problem in general terms and describes how and why dusts explode. This book discusses the various approaches used to deal with the dust explosion hazards. Organized into five chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the methods used to assess, remove, or minimize the hazard of dust explosions. This text then examines the factors that influence the initiation and severity of an explosion. Other chapters consider the explosion prevention and explosion protection techniques. This book discusses as well the characteristics of a dust explosion and the historical development of the problem. The final chapter deals with the significant concept of explosion protection to reduce the worst effects of an explosion to an acceptable level. This book is a valuable resource for managers, engineers, scientists, safety personnel, and others involved in the handling ad processing of materials in solid particulate form.

  • Ethylenimine and Other Aziridines

    Chemistry and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • O Dermer
    • English
    Ethylenimine and Other Aziridines: Chemistry and Applications deals with the chemistry and applications of ethylenimine and other aziridines. Topics covered include the formation of the aziridine ring as well as the physical and biological properties of aziridines, their polymerization and polymers, and handling and storage. Analytical methods for aziridines and derivatives are also presented. Comprised of eight chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the formation of the aziridine ring through the unimolecular rearrangement of a vicinally substituted amine to an iminium salt; intramolecular displacement by carbanions; elimination-addition reactions; and intramolecular insertion reactions. The next chapter focuses on the thermal, mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties of aziridines, together with properties involving interaction with radiation. The reactions of aziridines, such as ring-preserving and ring-destroying reactions, are also considered. Subsequent chapters explore the polymerization and polymers of aziridines, along with their industrial uses and biological properties. The final chapter is devoted to handling and storage of aziridines in light of their toxicity. This monograph will be of value to students and researchers in the field of chemistry.

  • Flavor of Foods and Beverages

    Chemistry and Technology
    • 1st Edition
    • George Charalambous
    • English
    Flavor of Foods and Beverages Chemistry and Technology covers the proceedings of an international conference sponsored by the Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division of the American Chemical Society held in Athens, Greece on June 27-29, 1978. It presents information on the flavor of foods and beverages. This book discusses wide ranging subjects, such as flavor of meat, meat analogs, chocolate and cocoa substitutes, cheese aroma, beverages, baked goods, confections, tea, citrus and other fruits, olive oil, and sweeteners. It also examines new analytical methodology on taste and aroma, as well as flavor production, stability, and composition. This book will be useful for students, chemists, technologists, and manufacturers involved in any facet of producing foods and beverages.

  • Enzymes in Food Processing

    • 2nd Edition
    • Gerald Reed
    • English
    Enzymes in Food Processing, Second Edition provides an understanding of the action of enzymes and the changes in enzyme technology. This book discusses the introduction of enzyme processes into the food industry. Organized into 20 chapters, this edition starts with an overview of the practical application of enzymes to the manufacture and processing of foods, such as the use of enzymes to clarify wine, produce dextrose, tenderize meat, and liquefy candy centers. This book then discusses the variables that affect all enzymes, which include moisture content, temperature, and pH. This text examines as well the different characteristics of competitive and noncompetitive inhibitions. Other chapters focus on the properties and actions of carbohydrases, which cause the chemical bonds to unite simple sugars into the polymeric saccharides. The final chapter deals with the allergic reactions that commercial enzymes may cause to humans. Microbiologists, food technologists, nutritionists, and food scientists will find this book extremely useful.

  • Catalysis in Coal Conversion

    • 1st Edition
    • James Cusumano
    • English
    Catalysis in Coal Conversion tells of the advances in catalysis and related fields in order to suggest decisive contributions towards finding solutions for the catalytic problems of coal conversion. The book also details the preparation, mode of action, and behavior of various catalysts. The book is divided into three major parts, the first of which discusses the advances of catalysis during the last two decades including the bimetallic catalysts. Other areas of interest covered in the first part include characterization and preparation of catalysts; poisoning and regeneration; and reaction mechanisms. Part II summarizes the developments of related disciplines such as reactor engineering, inorganic and organometallic chemistry, materials science, and surface science. The last part serves as a review of the nature of the different coal liquefaction processes and their products. This book is of value to chemists and chemical engineers involved in coal conversion or fuel processing researches. Chemistry teachers and students can also use this book for examples of practical applications in industrial catalysis.

  • Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Oxygen

    • 1st Edition
    • Winslow Caughey
    • English
    Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Oxygen contains the proceedings of a symposium held on the Pingree Park Campus of Colorado State University on September 24-29, 1978. Contributors discuss the biochemical and clinical aspects of oxygen, focusing on reactions and areas relating to heme, flavin, copper and nonheme iron proteins, organ transplants, carbon monoxide formation and detoxification, oxidant drugs and pollutants, oxygen toxicity, enzyme inactivation, lipid peroxidation, membrane destruction, antioxidants, cataractogenesis, mutagen and carcinogen formation, malaria and trypanosome parasites, and inflammation. This volume is organized into 51 chapters and begins with a discussion of bonding and reactions of dioxygen bound to hemeproteins, along with the pathophysiology of hemolysis due to unstable hemoglobins. The focus then turns to the reactivity and function of leghemoglobin, reduction of oxygen and five redox forms of horseradish peroxidase, and acid-base catalysis and hydrogen bonding in reactions mediated by peroxidases. The reader is methodically introduced to the ligands of cytochrome P-450 and their role in the activation of dioxygen, oxygen and catabolite regulation of hemoprotein biosynthesis in yeast, and factors controlling hemoprotein reactivity. A chapter describing the spectroscopic mapping of oxygen supply and demand in the heart concludes the book. This book will be of interest to biochemists, biophysicists, physicians, toxicologists, immunologists, physiologists, parasitologists, radiologists, and environmentalists.

  • Theory of Particulate Processes

    Analysis and Techniques of Continuous Crystallization
    • 1st Edition
    • Alan Randolph
    • English
    Theory of Particulate Processes: Analysis and Techniques of Continuous Crystallization describes the complexity of crystal size distribution (CSD), secondary nucleation, and growth mechanisms. This book is divided into 10 chapters that present a generalization from CSD studies as a unified predictive theory of particulate systems. After an introduction to CSD and particle-size distribution systems, this book goes on examining several empirical, one-dimensional distribution functions suitable for the latter system. The next chapter presents a unified theory for multidimensional particle distributions which can be used to analyze and predict such distributions in certain regular, well-defined processes. These topics are followed by a survey on how the size distribution of the product of a continuous mixed-suspension, mixed product-removal crystallizer is obtained. Other chapters describe special cases, which apparently obtain in real systems, including effects of classification, poor mixing, crystal breakage, staging, and size-dependent growth. The remaining chapters deal with the ramification of secondary nucleation as contrasted with homogeneous nucleation. This book is of great value to graduate students with particulate systems course.

  • Biochemical Aspects of Prostaglandins and Thromboxanes

    Proceedings of the 1976 Intra-Science Research Foundation Symposium December 1-3, Santa Monica, California
    • 1st Edition
    • Norman Kharasch
    • English
    Biochemical Aspects of Prostaglandins and Thromboxanes covers the proceedings of the 1976 Intra-Science Research Foundation Symposium on New Biochemistry of Prostaglandins and Thromboxanes, held in Santa Monica, California. This 14-chapter book deals first with the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes with bovine vesicular gland and in transformed fibroblasts. These topics are followed by discussions on the pharmacologic properties and the role of prostaglandins as mediators of the inflammatory response. The next chapters describe the structure-activity relations and the pharmacologic activities of the prostaglandin series, with an emphasis on their role in cancer, obstetrics, and gynecology. The remaining chapters examine the role of prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxanes as bioregulators. This book will be of value to biochemists and pharmacologists.

  • Mixing V1

    Theory and Practice
    • 1st Edition
    • Vincent Uhl
    • English
    Mixing: Theory and Practice, Volume 1 focuses on the mechanisms and applications of mixing in turbulent flow. This book discusses the theoretical and empirical methods that provide a basis for predicting the process as well as the mechanical performance characteristics of equipment used in different types of mixing operations. Comprised of five chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the mixing process, which tends to reduce gradients or nonuniformities in properties, composition, or temperature of materials in bulk. This text then explores the mixing operations that involve the transfer of a component to or from an equipment surface or boundary. Other chapters discuss the kinds of problems that occur in the design and use of mixing equipment, including the selection of size, type, and operating conditions. The final chapter deals with heat transfer where agitation is provided by mechanical devices. Development, design, and operating engineers will find this book extremely useful.

  • Fragrance Chemistry

    The Science of the Sense of Smell
    • 1st Edition
    • Ernst T. Theimer
    • English
    This book has been prepared as an introduction to the chemistry of odorous molecules. While there exist a number of works of an encyclopedic nature which cover this field, there is none which treats the subjectin an instructional fashion. To fill this gap, a group of scientists, types from the chemical point of view, to present to the reader the panorama of those molecules that stimulate the sense of smell. To make the picture complete, the chapters that are strictly chemical in content are preceded by several that introduce the topics of the physiology of the olfactory system, the current hypotheses on the mechanism of the sense of smell, and the structure-odor relationships in odorous molecules. There is also a treatment of analytical techniques which have become important to fragrance chemical research and testing.

  • Numerical Simulation of Non-Newtonian Flow

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • M.J. Crochet + 2 more
    • English
    Numerical Simulation of Non-Newtonian Flow focuses on the numerical simulation of non-Newtonian flow using finite difference and finite element techniques. Topics range from the basic equations governing non-Newtonian fluid mechanics to flow classification and finite element calculation of flow (generalized Newtonian flow and viscoelastic flow). An overview of finite difference and finite element methods is also presented. Comprised of 11 chapters, this volume begins with an introduction to non-Newtonian mechanics, paying particular attention to the rheometrical properties of non-Newtonian fluids as well as non-Newtonian flow in complex geometries. The role of non-Newtonian fluid mechanics is also considered. The discussion then turns to the basic equations governing non-Newtonian fluid mechanics, including Navier Stokes equations and rheological equations of state. The next chapter describes a flow classification in which the various flow problems are grouped under five main headings: flows dominated by shear viscosity, slow flows (slightly elastic liquids), small deformation flows, nearly-viscometric flows, and long-range memory effects in complex flows. The remainder of the book is devoted to numerical analysis of non-Newtonian fluids using finite difference and finite element techniques. This monograph will be of interest to students and practitioners of physics and mathematics.

  • Theory of Particulate Processes

    Analysis and Techniques of Continuous Crystallization
    • 2nd Edition
    • Alan Ranodolph
    • English
    Theory of Particulate Processes: Analysis and Techniques of Continuous Crystallization, Second Edition covers the numerous population balance-based particulate studies. This edition emerged from the notes for an industrial short course on crystallization. This book is divided into 10 chapters and begins with an outline of the methods for representation of particle distributions and a systematic approach to the predictive modeling of processes where there is a need to characterize distributions in time and space and by some identifying property. The succeeding chapters provide a specific and more elementary approach to modeling crystal size distributions, as well as the modeling the kinetics of crystal nucleation and growth rates. Other chapters discuss a wide range of system analysis and design considerations specific to crystallization for both the steady state and unsteady state. The final chapters illustrate the use of a population balance analysis to interpret data from both laboratory and process equipment. These chapters also explore a wide variety of particulate processes and systems for which the population balance analysis is useful. This book is of great value to graduate students with particulate systems course.

  • Thermal Uses and Properties of Carbohydrates and Lignins

    • 1st Edition
    • Fred Shafizadeh
    • English
    Thermal Uses and Properties of Carbohydrates and Lignins contains the proceedings of the Symposium on Thermal Uses and Properties of Carbohydrates and Lignins, held during the 172nd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in San Francisco, California, in September 1976. Contributors focus on thermal uses and properties of carbohydrates and lignins and discuss processes ranging from combustion and pyrolysis to thermal degradation and decomposition, gasification, and catalytic conversion. This text is comprised of 17 chapters; the first of which introduces the reader to the relationship between the chemical composition, combustion, heat release, and pyrolysis of cellulosic materials. The chapters that follow explore the kinetics of solid-phase cellulose pyrolysis; flash pyrolysis of holocellulose from loblolly pine bark; and the decomposition products of Douglas fir under varying conditions. The influence of crystallinity on the thermal properties of cellulose; energy considerations in the pyrolysis-gasificati... process; and the catalytic conversion of carbohydrates to synthesis gas are also considered. This book highlights the diversity and complexity of uses for renewable resources, as well as the problem of turning cellulose and lignin into useful products for society. At one level, the chapters present fundamental research; at another they consider specific processes for resource utilization. This book will be of interest to professionals working in fields such as chemistry, forestry, and agriculture.

  • General Methods

    • 1st Edition
    • Roy Whistler
    • English
    Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry, Volume VIII: General Methods describes the principles and mode of operation of general methods for the analysis and structural characterization of carbohydrates. This book is organized into two sections encompassing 50 chapters. The first section highlights the methods on automated chromatographic techniques; enzymic and other methods for structural analysis of polysaccharides. This section also explores the application of 13C NMR spectroscopy to carbohydrate chemistry. The second section describes the synthesis of deoxy and branched-chain sugars, 1,2-transglycosides, de-N- and de-O-sulfation, and de-N-acetylation of polysaccharides. This book is an invaluable source for organic and analytical chemists, as well as for carbohydrate scientists and researchers.

  • Analytical Biotechnology

    • 1st Edition
    • C. van Dijk
    • English
    ANABIOTEC '92 focused on the further integration of biotechnology and analytical chemistry. The results of this symposium clearly demonstrated that a substantial progress could be reported in the application of both conventional and new analytical techniques, the latter essentially based on natural analytical tools such as biomolecules. The main themes covered during this meeting are fermentation monitoring, chromatography, instrumental analysis, biosensors and bioanalysis.

  • Turbulence and Molecular Processes in Combustion

    • 1st Edition
    • T. Takeno
    • English
    An understanding of the intricacies in the turbulent combustion process may be a key to solving many of the current energy and environmental problems. The essential nature of turbulent combustion can be derived from the interaction between stochastic flow fluctuations and deterministic molecular processes, such as chemical reaction and transport processes. Undoubtedly, this is one of the most challenging fields of engineering science today, requiring as it does the interaction of scientists and engineers in the respective fields of chemical kinetics and fluid mechanics. The 28 papers in this volume review recent advances in these two disciplines providing new insights into the fundamental processes, addressing a great deal of recent progress. This progress ranges from descriptions of elementary chemical kinetics, to working those descriptions into combustion calculations with large numbers of elementary steps, to improved understanding of turbulent reacting flows and advances in simulations of turbulent combustion. The contributions will inspire further research on many fronts, advancing the understanding of combustion processes, as well as fostering a growing interdisciplinary cooperation.

  • Biochemical Correlates of Brain Structure and Function

    • 1st Edition
    • A.N. Davison
    • English
    Biochemical Correlates of Brain Structure and Function deals with the biochemical correlates of brain structure and function, providing some examples of contemporary work interrelating structure with function of the nervous system. The developing brain provides a system for this kind of study, but broad correlates are also drawn between changing biochemistry and increasing physiological activity. This book is organized into nine chapters and begins with an overview of biochemical, morphological, and functional changes in the developing brain, as well as the underlying molecular basis of nerve differentiation and growth of the developing brain. An account of the concept of the cell cycle and its control is also given. The reader is methodically introduced to the properties of the developing retina and its functional biochemistry, with specific reference to the cyclic nucleotides; the use of selective lesioning to delineate GABA-ergic and cholinergic tracts as well as the catecholamine pathways; and cerebral blood flow alteration in concert with mental activity. The remaining chapters explore regions of the brain with altered glucose utilization in response to changes in local functional activity; the physiologically important factors regulating the supply of oxygen and glucose and the relation of metabolic rate to the metabolic state of the brain; and varying aspects of behavioral neurochemistry. This book is intended for chemists and biologists as well as students of biochemistry.

  • Aerosols

    An Industrial and environmental science
    • 1st Edition
    • George Hidy
    • English
    Aerosols: An Industrial and Environmental Science is a comprehensive account of the science and technology of aerosols as well as their aerodynamic and physico-chemical properties. Measurement techniques and results are presented in terms of a framework of classical mechanics and macroscopic chemistry. This book is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with a discussion on the foundations of modern aerosol science and technology, followed by a review of the dynamic theory of aerosols as rigid spheres. The production of particle suspensions, the methods of particle sampling and measurement, and physical or chemical characterization are then considered, along with particle diffusion by Brownian motion, particle formation and growth, and coagulation processes. The formation of particle clouds is described by means of molecular agglomeration (condensation) processes, breakup and disintegration, and chemical reactions. The remaining chapters focus on several major applications of aerosol science in areas such as combustion, agriculture, and medicine. This monograph is intended to serve scientists and engineers who are concerned with the underlying principles of aerodynamic and physical chemical behavior of aerosols, and could also be used as a text for graduate students in specialized courses on aerosol or colloid chemistry, atmospheric processes, and chemical, mechanical, or environmental engineering.

  • Anionic Polymerization: Principles and Practice

    • 1st Edition
    • Maurice Morton
    • English
    Anionic Polymerization: Principles and Practice describes the unique nature of the anionic mechanism of polymerization. This book is composed of two parts encompassing 11 chapters that cover the aspects of the synthetic possibilities inherent in this system. Part I deals with the various aspects of anionic polymerization mechanism, including the monomers, initiators, solvents, and the involved initiation and propagation reactions. This part also describes the copolymerization and organolithium polymerization reactions of styrene and dienes. Part II explores the applications of anionic polymerization in polymer synthesis. This part specifically tackles the synthesis of narrow molecular weight, branched and α,ω-difunctional polymers, and block copolymers. Polymer chemists and researchers who work in the chemical industry and who would wish to utilize the unique features of anionic polymerization in the synthesis of new products will find this book invaluable.

  • Non-Stoichiometry in Semiconductors

    • 1st Edition
    • K.J. Bachmann + 2 more
    • English
    Significant advances have occurred in the theory of non-stoichiometry problems and fundamentally new and wide-ranging applications have been developed, helping to better identify relevant issues. The contributions in this volume bring together the experience of specialists from different disciplines (materials scientists, physicists, chemists and device people) confronted with non-stoichiometry problems. The 40 papers, including 9 invited papers, give an advanced scenario of this wide interdisciplinary area, which is highly important in its diverse aspects of theory, implementation and applications. This work will be of interest not only to universities and laboratories engaged in studies and research in this field, but also to organizations and industrial centres concerned with implementations and applications. The diversity of the topics, as well as the extraordinary tempo in which Non-stoichiometry in Semiconductors has progressed in recent years attest to the permanent vitality of this field of research and development.

  • Chelating Agents and Metal Chelates

    • 1st Edition
    • F Dwyer
    • English
    Chelating Agents and Metal Chelates focuses on the structure and properties of metal chelates, as well as bond types, stereochemistry, and optical phenomena. The selection first offers information on historical background and fundamental concepts and the nature of metal-ligand bond. Discussions focus on the structure and stability of metal chelates, bond types and characteristic properties, classes of acceptor metal atoms, and metal-metal bonds in complex compounds. The text also touches on bidentate chelates, design and stereochemistry of multidentate chelating agents, and optical phenomena in metal chelates. The publication ponders on oxidation-reduction potentials as functions of donor atom and ligand and metal chelates of ethylenediaminetetra... acid and related substances. Topics include liquid junction potentials, reversibility, measurement of redox potentials, ethylenediaminetetra... chelate couples, and metal chelates of ethylenediaminetetra... acid. The text also takes a look at metal chelates in biological systems and physical and coordination chemistry of tetrapyrrole pigments. The manuscript is a vital reference for senior students, research workers, biologists, and medical scientists interested in the chemistry of metal chelates.

  • Mixing V2

    Theory and Practice
    • 1st Edition
    • Vincent Uhl
    • English
    Mixing: Theory and Practice, Volume II provides a complete and practical summary of mixing or the movement of fluids in conduits and vessels of laboratory and industrial processing equipment. The book is a compilation of papers that focuses on the theory and practice of mixing. Chapters in this volume are devoted to the discussion of mass transfer in two-phase systems; the effects of mixing on chemical reactions; the mixing of highly viscous materials; the suspension of particles in liquids; the mixing of dry solid particles; and the mechanical design of impeller-type mixers. Chemical engineers and chemists will find the book a good reference material.

  • The Porphyrins V5

    Physical Chemistry, Part C
    • 1st Edition
    • David Dolphin
    • English
    The Porphyrins, Volume V: Physical Chemistry, Part C explores the physical chemistry of porphyrins, their precursors, catabolic derivatives, and related compounds. The book covers photochemical, electrochemical, and routes of electron transfer, as well as primary redox reactions of porphyrins and metalloporphyrins; oxygenation of hemoglobin and the interactions of metalloporphyrins with dioxygen; the kinetics of porphyrin metalation; and solid state phenomena. This volume is organized into 11 chapters and begins with an overview of electron transfer and the mechanisms of oxidation and reduction. The discussion then turns to porphyrin photochemical reactions and reversible electron transfer reactions of metalloporphyrins. Selected examples in which the oxidized or reduced complexes have been shown to play a biochemical role are provided. The following chapters focus on the isolation and characterization of the photosynthetic pigments and their aggregation and coordination properties, along with those of the porphyrins and metalloporphyrins. The book concludes with an analysis of solid state phenomena in porphyrins and related materials, paying particular attention to semiconduction, photoconduction, and superconduction. This book will be of value to inorganic, organic, physical, and biochemists interested in the physical chemistry of porphyrins.

  • Titrations in Nonaqueous Solvents

    • 1st Edition
    • Huber Walter
    • English
    Titrations in Nonaqueous Solvents discuss the theory, practice, and data on acidic and basic strength of nonaqueous solvents. This book is organized into three parts encompassing six chapters. The first part considers the general principles of acids and bases and methods of end-point determination. This part also covers the fundamentals, advantages, and limitations of titration instruments, such as potentiometers, burets, titration vessels, and electrodes. The classification of titration solvents according to their functions as color indicators and titrant solutions is provided in this part. The remaining parts describe the analytical procedures for acidity and basicity of nonaqueous solvents. These parts also provide a tabulated data on the acidic and basic strengths, stability, and dissociation constants of various titration solvents. Analytical chemists, and analytical chemistry teachers and students will find this book invaluable.

  • Food Irradiation

    • 1st Edition
    • Walter Urbain
    • English
    Food Irradiation focuses on the fundamental aspects and applications of food irradiation. It summarizes efforts to establish the wholesomeness of irradiated foods, and it discusses the nature of ionizing radiation, as well as its interaction with matter, the biological effects it induces in living organisms associated with food such as raw fruits and vegetables, and the application of these effects in treating foods. The book also highlights some aspects of food irradiation that have potential significance in commercial usage, including consumer attitudes, costs, facilities, and safety. Organized into 15 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of ionizing radiation and its biological effects, the basics of radiation chemistry, and radiation chemistry of foods and food components. It then discusses the general effects of ionizing radiation on foods; irradiation of foods, such as meats and poultry, marine and freshwater animal foods, beverages, and dairy products; government regulation of irradiated foods; and consumer acceptance of irradiated foods. This book is a valuable source of information for food technologists, nutritionists, and suppliers of irradiation facilities and equipment.

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