Catalysis in Coal Conversion

Preface

Acknowledgment

Chapter 1 Introduction

Part I Survey of Advances in Catalysis

Chapter 2 Multimetallic Catalysts


2.1 General Nature of Multimetallic Catalysts


2.2 Physical and Chemical Properties


2.3 Catalytic Properties


2.4 Applications to the Conversion of Coal


2.5 Summary

References

Chapter 3 Effects of Catalyst-Support Interaction, Particle Size, and Surface Morphology


3.1 Catalyst Stabilization


3.2 Effects of Surface Structure and Particle Size


3.3 Practical Implications

References

Chapter 4 Characterization


4.1 Introduction


4.2 Surface Area and Particle Size


4.3 Surface Area by Chemisorption


4.4 Surface Acidity


4.5 Impact of Characterization in Catalysis

References

Chapter 5 Catalyst Preparation


5.1 Introduction


5.2 Metallic Catalysts


5.3 Nonmetallic Catalysts


5.4 Practical Implications

References

Chapter 6 Poisoning and Regeneration


6.1 Introduction


6.2 Sulfur


6.3 Carbon


6.4 Other Poisons


6.5 Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 7 Mechanism and Surface Chemistry


7.1 CO/H2 Synthesis


7.2 Water-Gas Shift Reaction


7.3 Hydrodenitrogenation


7.4 Hydrodesulfurization


7.5 Cracking of Poly nuclear Aromatics


7.6 Carbon and Coal Gasification

References

Part II Advances in Supporting Disciplines

Chapter 8 Reactor Engineering and Catalyst Testing


8.1 Introduction


8.2 General Review of Test Reactors


8.3 Selected Reactor Systems


8.4 Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 9 Inorganic Chemistry


9.1 Oxides


9.2 Zeolites


9.3 Sulfides


9.4 Carbides and Nitrides


9.5 Borides, Suicides, and Phosphides


9.6 Organometallie Compounds


9.7 Molten Salts


9.8 Implications for Coal Conversion

References

Chapter 10 Materials Science


10.1 Monolithic Supports


10.2 Intermetallic Compounds


10.3 Novel Inorganic Polymers


10.4 Sintering

References

Chapter 11 Surface Science


11.1 Concepts Relevant to Catalysis


11.2 Physical Techniques


11.3 Summary and Conclusions

References

Part III Specific Coal Conversion Processes

Chapter 12 Petroleum Products and Refining


12.1 Fuel Products


12.2 Petroleum Refining

Reference

Chapter 13 Upgrading of Liquid Products from the Coalcon Process


13.1 Introduction


13.2 Process Description


13.3 Nature of the Products


13.4 Upgrading of the Coalcon Liquids


13.5 Applications of Recent Research Developments


13.6 Conclusions

References

Chapter 14 Refining of Coal Liquids from the COED, H-Coal, and Synthoil Processes to High-Octane Gasoline, Jet Fuel, and Diesel Fuel


14.1 COED Liquids


14.2 H-Coal Liquids


14.3 Synthoil Liquids


14.4 Impacting Areas and Recent Developments


14.5 Conclusions

References

Chapter 15 Conversion of Solvent Refined Coal to Low Sulfur, Low Nitrogen Boiler Fuel


15.1 Catalyst Constraints and Process Requirements for SRC Upgrading


15.2 Important Research Developments


15.3 Supporting Research


15.4 Summary and Conclusions

References

Chapter 16 Catalytic Hydrocracking of Coal or Lignite to Low Sulfur, Low Nitrogen Liquid Boiler Fuels


16.1 Summary of Major Constraints and Objectives


16.2 Impacting Areas of Research Developments


16.3 Conclusions

References

Chapter 17 Water-Gas Shift and Methanation Catalysis in the Synthesis of Substitute Natural Gas


17.1 Introduction


17.2 Major Catalyst Problems and Objectives


17.3 Impacting Areas and Research Developments


17.4 Conclusions

References

Chapter 18 Catalytic Gasification of Coal or Lignite to Synthesis Gas and Substitute Natural Gas


18.1 Thermodynamic and Catalytic Constraints


18.2 Important Research Objectives


18.3 Conclusions

References

Chapter 19 Synthesis of Fuels and of Selected Feedstocks from Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen


19.1 Introduction


19.2 Major Problems and Catalyst Development Objectives


19.3 Research and Development Areas


19.4 Conclusions

References

Index