General Methods

Contributors to Volume VIIIPreface Outline of Volumes I-VIIErrata and Additions—Volumes I-VIISection I. General Methods of Separation and Analysis Chromatography 1. Fully Automatic Ion-Exchange Chromatographie Analysis of Neutral Monosaccharides and Oligosaccharides 2. Fully Automatic Gel-Permeation Chromatographie Analysis of Neutral Oligosaccharides 3. Separation and Automated Analysis of Phosphorylated Intermediates 4. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 5. Gel Permeation Chromatography 6.Analysis and Structural Characterization of Amino Sugars by Gas-Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Polysaccharides by Chemical, Physical, and Enzymic Methods 7. Sequential Degradation of Methylated Polysaccharides 8. Enzymic Method for Determination of Glycerol Chain Lengths of Hexans 9. Enzymic Method for Determination of the Degree of Polymerization of Glucans and Xylans 10. Enzymic Analysis of Acidic Glycosaminoglycans 11. Constituent Analysis of Glycosaminoglycans 12. Determination of Polysaccharide Structures with 13C NMR 13. Determination of the Sugar Sequence and Glycosidic Bond Arrangement of Heteroglycans by an Integrated Analytical Scheme 14. Oxidation of Acetylated Carbohydrates with Chromium Trioxide in Acetic Acid 15. Specific Cleavage of Polysaccharides Containing Uronic Acid Residues by the Hoffman-Veerman Reaction 16. Determination of Carboxymethyl Ether Groups in Sodium O-Carboxymethylcellulose(CMC) Other Chemical, Physical, and Enzymic Methods 17. Enzymic Determination of D-Galactose 18. Enzymic Determination of D-Glucose, D-Fructose, and D-Mannose 19. Microenzymic Procedures for the Identification of Carbohydrates 20. Method for Measuring the Affinity between Carbohydrate Ligands and Certain Proteins 21. 13C NMR Spectroscopy of Isotopically Enriched CarbohydratesSection II. Preparation of Mono-, Oligo-, and Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives Monosaccharides and Their Derivatives 22. Methyl α-D-Altropyranoside and Its 4,6- and 3,4-O-Isopropylidene Derivatives 23. L-Gulose and Methyl ß-L-Gulofuranoside 24. L-Idose and L-Iduronic Acid 25. Applications of the 1,3-Dithiane Procedure for the Synthesis of Branched-Chain Carbohydrates L-Streptose, Methyl ß-D-Hamameloxide, Methyl 2,3,6-Trideoxy-2-C-(2-Benzoxyacetyl)-2,3,6-trideoxy-α-L-threo-hexopyranoside 26. 2,6-Dideoxy-D-ribo-hexose (Digitoxose) 27. 2,6-Dideoxy-α-L-lyxo-hexose (2-Deoxy-α-L-fucose) 28. Methoxymercuration in Synthetic Carbohydrate Chemistry Methyl 2,6-Dideoxy-α-L-arabino-hexopyranoside Polysaccharides 29. Isolation and Purification of Carbohydrate Antigens Unsaturated Sugars 30. 3-Deoxyglycals (1,5-Anhydro-1,2,3-trideoxyhex-1-enitols) from Hex-2-enopyranosides Deoxyhalo Sugars 31. Preferential Halogenation of the Primary Hydroxyl Group Glycosides and Glycosylamines 32. Complexes of Carbohydrates with Metal Cations Methyl ß-D-Mannofuranoside 33. 1,2-Orthoester Formation and Glycosidation with Amide Acetals 34. Preparation of 1,2-trans-Glycosides in the Presence of Stannic Chloride 35. Preparation of 1,2-trans-Glycosides in the Presence of Silver Trifluoromethanesulfonate 36. 1,2-trans-1-Thioglycosides 37. Primary Glycopyranosylamines 38. Production of Sugar Nucleotides by Fermentation Esters and Amides 39. O-Chloroacetate Derivatives of Sugars as Synthetic Intermediates 40. Cyclic Thionocarbonates 41. Desulfation of Polysaccharides 42. Desulfation of Glycosaminoglycuronan Sulfates 43. De-N-sulfation 44. N-Deacetylation of Polysaccharides 45. N-Trifluoroacetylation Methyl 6-Deoxy-6-trifluoracetamido-α-D-glucopyranoside and Its N-Detrifluoroacetylation 46. Nucleophilic Reaction of the Tosyl Group in Enolic Sugar Derivatives Ethers 47. Allyl Ethers as Protecting Groups Synthesis of 3-0-[6-O-(α-D-Galactopyranosyl)-/ß-D-galactopyranosyl]-1,2-di-O-stearoyl-L-glycerol, a "Digalactosyl Diglyceride" Cyclic Acetals 48. Methyl 4,6-O-Benzylidene-α- and -ß-O-glucopyranosides via Acetal Exchange 49. Benzylidenation of Diols with α,α-Dihalotoluenes in Pyridine Oxidized Products 50. Photochemical Oxidation of Carbohydrates 1,2,3,4-Di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galacto-hexodialdo-1,5-pyranoseGlossaryAuthor IndexSubject Index