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Elsevier

Books in Agricultural and biological sciences

The Agricultural and Biological Sciences collection advances science-based knowledge for the improvement of animal and plant life and for secure food systems that produce nutritious, novel, sustainable foods with minimal environmental impact. Food Science titles include not only those products from agriculture but all other aspects from food production to nutrition, health and safety, chemistry to security, policy, law and regulation. Biological Sciences address animal behaviour and biodiversity, organismal and evolutionary biology, entomology, marine biology and aquaculture, plant science and forestry.

  • Fire and Ecosystems

    • 1st Edition
    • T.T. Kozlowski
    • English
    Fire and Ecosystems focuses on a number of aspects of fire ecology. This book deals separately with both harmful and beneficial effects of fire on soils, soil organisms, animals, and plants. This reference material elucidates the effects of fire on grasslands and considers the role of fire in temperate forests and related ecosystems. Four chapters are presented on a regional basis to highlight variations in responses, especially plant succession, to fire. The use of fire in land management is also explored. This book will serve as an invaluable reference material to researchers, teachers, and land managers.

  • Seed Germination, Ontogeny, and Shoot Growth

    • 1st Edition
    • T.T. Kozlowski
    • English
    Growth and Development of Trees, Volume I: Seed Germination, Ontogeny, and Shoot Growth is a part of a two-volume treatise, which characterizes important features of growth and development of trees and other woody plants during their life cycles. Organized into eight chapters, this book describes the important events in growth of the perennial woody plant. This volume highlights the significant changes that take place in vegetative and reproductive growth as woody plants progress from juvenility to adulthood and, finally, to a senescent state. This book also describes the effects of external and internal controls of vegetative and reproductive growth. Considerable attention is given to important spatial and temporal variations in growth. This book will be useful to academicians as well as to those involved in the practice of growing trees and other woody plants for fruit crops or wood, as well as for esthetic reasons.

  • Physiology

    • 1st Edition
    • Dennis E. Buetow
    • English
    The Biology of Euglena, Volume III: Physiology covers areas of investigation on Euglena, focusing in particular on its physiology. The book demonstrates the wide utilization and research on the members of the genus, especially Euglena gracilis. The book discusses, in particular, the essential features of organelle distribution and structure in Euglena, and euglenoid surfaces. It presents circadian rhythms reported for Euglena, as well as the organism’s movement and locomotion. It also explains the various aspects of sensory responses of Euglena gracilis to photic, chemical, and mechanical stimuli. In addition, the book addresses the stimulation and inhibition of the metabolism and growth of Euglena gracilis. Lastly, the Euglena chloroplast membrane, including its structure, function, and photocontrol of its development are described.

  • Subviral Pathogens of Plants and Animals: Viroids and Prions

    • 1st Edition
    • Karl Maramorosch
    • English
    Subviral Pathogens of Plants and Animals: Viroids and Prions is organized into four parts consisting of a total of 20 chapters that discuss the nature of subviral pathogens of plants and animal. This book first elucidates the recognition of subviral pathogens, and then explores the host range of viroids and its diseases. It also addresses the control of viroid diseases. The book explains the structure and replication of viroids. Lastly, it centers on the structure and biology of prions, as well as the diseases these pathogens cause. This treatise will be of considerable scientific interest and importance to those in the field of human and veterinary medicine, virology, zoology, microbiology, plant pathology, entomology, as well as other branches of biology.

  • Kuwaiti Plants

    Distribution, Traditional Medicine, Pytochemistry, Pharmacology and Economic Value
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • B.S. Middleditch
    • A.M. Amer
    • English
    The people of Kuwait have in the past depended almost entirely on the sea trade giving its boat builders and sailors a good reputation. Plants in Kuwait were valued only as forage and fodder and for subsistence-level farming.Although oil was discovered in 1938, production of oil did not commence until after the second world war. Coupled with recent unrest in the region, extensive damage has been caused to many of Kuwait's plants and a good review of information on them became necessary. The book contains information on all of the dicothyledonous plants (except the Compositae) known to grow in Kuwait. Many of the species of plants are reviewed in their traditional uses in Kuwait and elsewhere. Extensive searches of scientific literature were carried out on phytochemistry, pharmacology, contemporary economic value of the plants. Brief notes are also provided on the utility of related species. The distribution of the 118 species covered is illustrated on maps of Kuwait and the Middle East.

  • Agricultural Ecology and Environment

    • 1st Edition
    • B.R. Stinner + 2 more
    • English
    The increased use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in crop production has adversely affected both the environment and the agricultural economy. Not only has it led to environmental pollution, but also the increasing costs of chemical inputs and the low prices received for agricultural products have contributed to economic unprofitability and instability.The International Symposium on Agricultural Ecology and Environment was organised in order to discuss ways of achieving the goals of economically and environmentally sustainable agriculture. It is apparent that a truly multidisciplinary effort is required and for this reason the meeting was attended by authors from many different disciplines and geographical locations. Although their papers reflect a wide diversity of agroecosystem types and examples, several common themes emerge: the increased importance of biotic control of ecosystem processes in lower input systems; the key role of soil organic matter in stabilizing nutrient cycling; the importance of agricultural landscape diversity and complexity; the importance of studying ecological processes in natural and agricultural ecosystems; the critical need to integrate socio-economic and ecological approaches.

  • Energetics of Photosynthesis

    • 1st Edition
    • Govindjee
    • English
    Bioenergetics of Photosynthesis covers the transformation of energy in biological systems, with an emphasis on photosynthesis. The biochemical and biophysical aspects are given much focus in this book. The historical development of the concepts used in this book is reviewed. This reference also analyzes experimental data and their results. This publication contains 12 chapters. The first chapter introduces the concept of photosynthesis. Then, the next chapter explores the relationship between chloroplast structure and function . Other concepts covered in this book include the primary events (energy transfer and light absorption), delayed light emission, and chlorophyll fluorescence. The mechanism of excitation energy, oxygen evolution, and chlorophyll fluorescence are also explained. Furthermore, this book discusses the electron transport pathway, primary acts of energy conservation in chloroplast membranes, and molecular organization of chlorophyll. Finally, it describes the relationship of the structure of chloroplast membrane to energy coupling and ion transport. This book will be a good resource for students and researchers alike, especially in the fields of cell biology, plant physiology, biochemistry, and biophysics.

  • Nutrition Intervention Strategies in National Development

    • 1st Edition
    • Barbara Underwood
    • English
    Nutrition Intervention Strategies in National Development reviews nutritional programs as key components of policy planning for national development in general and health programs in particular. It summarizes research on targeted application of nutrition knowledge in public health and efforts to reduce worldwide malnutrition, and it highlights the importance of planned controlled change in the quality of diet as a preventive strategy against widespread disease. Organized into seven sections encompassing 33 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the basic concepts of nutrition intervention and some elements of successful nutrition intervention strategies. It then discusses the economic effects of early malnutrition and economic considerations for nutrition intervention programs; the role of the government in income distribution and nutritional improvement; supplementary feeding programs; and strategies for addressing protein energy malnutrition. The reader is also introduced to the nutrition-infection cycle in relation to intervention techniques, nutrient-specific interventions including prevention of iron deficiency, and nutrition education. Scientists, nutritionists, policymakers, medical doctors, economists, education specialists, and health workers concerned with nutrition intervention programs will find this book extremely helpful.

  • Stress Responses of Photosynthetic Organisms

    Molecular Mechanisms and Molecular Regulations
    • 1st Edition
    • Kimiyuki Satoh + 1 more
    • English
    Sixteen topics from the results of the research project "Molecular Mechanisms for Responses of the Photosynthetic Apparatus to the Environment," are documented in this excellent and timely work.Photosynthesis research has a long history in Japan, and many Japanese laboratories working in this field have been very active and productive. Based on the foundation established by these laboratories, the research reflected in this book focuses on elucidating the interactions between photosynthesis and the environment, with special emphasis on the molecular aspects of these interactions. The major purpose of the research was to identify specific genes required for (a) repair of the organisms from stress-induced damage to the photosynthetic machinery and (b) acclimation of photosynthetic processes to specific changes in environmental conditions. Once specific genes were identified, the effects of expression (and overexpression) of these genes in transgenic plants on acclimation processes were analyzed.Through the analysis of transgenic plants and cyanobacteria, the volume clarifies a number of molecular mechanisms by which plants acclimate to environmental variations, and the factors that govern recovery from stress-induced damage, especially with respect to the photosynthetic apparatus.A treatize on stress physiology and photosynthesis, the book also indicates the agricultural usefulness of transgenic plants and microalgae which are produced to study the molecular mechanisms of the tolerance of plants to changes in their environment.

  • Nutrition and Drug Interrelations

    • 1st Edition
    • John Hathcock
    • English
    Nutrition and Drug Interrelations examines and presents the different relations of nutrition, metabolism, and effects of drugs, including drugs' positive effects in the field of animal husbandry and human and veterinary medicine. This book also highlights the importance of the interrelations between nutrition and drugs. The introductory chapter gives an overview of the variable role of food in humans on a historical and sociological context and perspective. The first section of this book deals with the impacts of drugs on the nutrition process. These impacts can either be harmless or harmful depending on the adequacy of nutrition. The second section of this book describes some of the many influences of nutritional condition on biochemical competence to cope with xenobiotics, including drugs. The third section highlights the various uses of pharmacological agents in food production. This section also discusses some concerns about the effect in the food chain of pharmacological agents. The last section in this book demonstrates the overlap in boundary between dietetic and pharmacological treatments. Given focus is the use of vitamin D derivatives and megavitamin treatments with doubtful benefits. This book will benefit most students and professionals in the field of food and nutrition, human and veterinary medicine, and animal husbandry. The subject area in this book will also yield interest from people involved in metabolism, nutrition, and pharmacology.

  • Cell Biology A Comprehensive Treatise V4

    Gene Expression: Translation and the Behavior of Proteins
    • 1st Edition
    • David M. Prescott
    • English
    Cell Biology, A Comprehensive Treatise, Volume 4: Gene Expression: Translation and the Behavior of Proteins discusses the translation of genetic information into proteins. It also explains the activities and behaviors of proteins, which is the final stage of gene expression. This book opens with a discussion of the components and mechanism of the translational machinery – their structures, biogenesis, and cellular levels. It then explains the protein synthesis, wherein each chapter focuses on one aspect of the detailed process. Other topics covered in this book are the structure and function of cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes and the proteolytic cleavage in the posttranslational processing of proteins. This text also covers the regulation of enzyme activity and the movement of material between nucleus and cytoplasm. The last three chapters are more in-depth discussions on protein synthesis, intracellular transport, regulation, and secretion. As with the other volumes of this book series, readers will definitely benefit from the vast information provided in this book regarding protein, its activities, behaviors, and synthesis.

  • Plant Regeneration and Genetic Variability

    • 1st Edition
    • Indra Vasil
    • English

  • The Biology of Nematocysts

    • 1st Edition
    • Howard Lenhoff
    • English
    The Biology of Nematocysts is derived from a symposium dedicated to the exclusive discussion on the biology of nematocysts and cnidocytes. This book is basically a collection of the submitted reviews of contributors and research proceedings presented at the symposium. An introduction on the recognition and discovery of both cnidarians and nematocyst aptly begins the discussion in the book. The first chapter serves as an advanced reading that helps readers be familiarized with the terms used in the entire volume. The following chapters are subdivided into six parts, including topics on the ultrastructure, development, control and morphodynamics of discharge, biochemistry, and natural history. The multidisciplinary approach of the main themes is intended to fully understand the unique qualities of the intracellular structure of nematocyst. This volume will be of great benefit to students and researchers in biological science, cell biology, zoology, microbiology, and general physiology.

  • Biotic Interactions and Soil-Borne Diseases

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 23
    • A.B.R. Beemster + 5 more
    • English
    This volume contains a collection of all the papers presented at the founding conference of the European Foundation for Plant Pathology, held from 26th February to 2nd March 1990 at Wageningen, The Netherlands. It focusses on the theme of "Biotic Interactions and Soil-Borne Diseases", on which there are contributions from leading European scientists in the field of soil-borne diseases. Ways of exploiting biotic processes and phenomena which result in plant production harmless to the environment are explored.

  • Protein-Calorie Malnutrition

    • 1st Edition
    • Robert Olson
    • English
    Protein-Calorie Malnutrition reviews the state of knowledge of metabolic phenomena in the syndromes embraced by the general term protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM), and places this new knowledge in perspective with the traditional descriptions of kwashiorkar and marasmus. The clarification it provides constitutes a benchmark for design of future programs of prevention, therapy, rehabilitation, research, or teaching. Highly noteworthy are the new advances in amino acid and protein metabolism; the enlightening evidence concerning lysine and carnitine; the evidences of derangements or deficiencies of the broad spectrum of nutrients from carbohydrates to vitamins and minerals; and the implications of these for recovery and therapy. This book includes papers on the following: the impact of age on amino acid requirements; the mechanisms of adaptation to low-protein intakes; the metabolic consequences of essential amino acid deficiency in higher animals; carbohydrate metabolism; vitamin deficiencies associated with PCM; and mineral metabolism in PCM. Other studies deal with the effects of malnutrition on endocrine function; liver function in PCM; the synergistic interaction of malnutrition and infection; and the treatment and prevention of PCM.

  • T and B Lymphocytes: Recognition and Function

    • 1st Edition
    • Fritz Bach
    • English
    T and B Lymphocytes: Recognition and Function is the 16th volume of the 1979 ICN-UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology. This book is organized into seven sections, encompassing 74 chapters that summarize molecular level progress in the field of immunobiology. It emphasizes cell membrane, techniques developed for its analysis, and varied products of the major histocompatibility complex, as well as other receptors on cells of the immune system. The book starts by describing two approaches for molecular association evaluation. First is the use of artificial membranes or lipid vesicles for the incorporation of antigens for recognition by T-lymphocytes both at the afferent and efferent levels. Second is the chemical crosslinking of cell surface components with a variety of different crosslinking reagents. This is followed by a discussion on the molecular nature of a T-cell receptor that provides insights of the target(s) recognized by T-lymphocytes. Several chapters discuss data dealing with the issue of the apparent differential recognition by T- and B-cells while both use the same VH genes. Antiidiotypic sera, together with the activity of ""regulator"" T-cells, are also discussed, with regard to their role in networks of regulation of the immune response. This book presents works demonstrating that human T-lymphocytes can also be cloned and both noncytotoxic proliferating T-lymphocytes and Tc can be so obtained. This is along with the continuing studies regarding heterogenity of B-lymphocytes as well as macrophages. Part V focuses on the interaction between lymphocyte and virus and molecular modifications of viral-infected cells. The subsequent section deals with recognition, reactivities, and function of T- and B-lymphocytes. Considerable chapters in this section discuss T-cell cytotoxicity, dichotomy of MHC control over anti H-Y cytotoxic T-cell responses, mouse alloantibodies, and mixed lymphocyte reactions. The concluding part describes immunological tools, such as synthetic membranes and cloned T-cells with biological function.

  • Evolutionary and Genetic Biology of Primates V1

    • 1st Edition
    • John Buettner-Janusch
    • English
    Evolutionary and Genetic Biology of Primates, Volume I presents research on the evolution and genetic biology of the Primates. This volume comprises seven chapters that tackle the problem of primate classification, anatomy, and genetics. The first chapter deals with an eventual serious reorganization of the classification of the Primates, followed by a discussion on a critical reappraisal of tertiary primates from different periods, such as Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene. The subsequent chapter examines the phylogenetic implications of neural structures in both morphological and physiological terms. The book also presents comparative studies on the differences between skin of primates and that of man; the sweat glands of the Lorisidae; and the nerve endings in the skin of primates. Lastly, methods for primate chromosomes and their evolution are described. This book is an invaluable source for physical anthropologists and researchers, histologists, anatomists, neurologists, geneticists, cytologists, and other specialists.

  • Biological Transmission of Disease Agents

    • 1st Edition
    • Karl Maramorosch
    • English
    Biological Transmission of Disease Agents covers the proceedings of a 1960 symposium on Biological Transmission of Disease Agents, held in conjunction with the Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America in Atlantic City, New Jersey. This book discusses methods, approaches, and problems that contribute to the progress in basic and applied research in biological transmission. This compilation is organized into two major parts encompassing 13 chapters that cover agents of plant, animal, and human diseases. The first part of the book deals with the status and significant advances of plant viruses, and the mechanical and non-mechanical transmissions and nematode vectors of these viruses. The second part starts with a discussion on viral agents known to be mosquito-borne, their importance in animal and human disease causation, as well as the several types of biological cycles involved in their transmission. The following chapters describe groups of diseases caused by transmission of sandflies, tabanids, Tsetse-borne insects, mites, ticks, and helminths. The concluding chapter presents ways of suppressing the vectors that cause diseases, such as malaria, typhus, filariasis, dysentery, trypanosomiasis, and dengue. The book appeals to students of entomology, plant pathology, human and veterinary medicine, virology, zoology, microbiology, and other branches of biology.

  • Pollination Biology

    • 1st Edition
    • Leslie Real
    • English
    Pollination Biology reviews the state of knowledge in the field of pollination biology. The book begins by tracing the historical trends in pollination research and the development of the two styles of pollination biology. This is followed by separate chapters on the evolution of the angiosperms; the evolution of plant-breeding systems; the geographical correlations between breeding habit, climate, and mode of pollen transfer; and sexual selection in plants. Subsequent chapters examine the process of sexual selection through gametic competition in Geranium maculatum; the effects of different gene movement patterns on plant population structure; the foraging behavior of pollinators; adaptive nature of floral traits; and competitive interactions among flowering plants for pollinators. The book is designed to provide useful material for advanced undergraduate and graduate students wishing to familiarize themselves with modern pollination biology and also to provide new insights into specific problems for those already engaged in pollination research. The book is intended to be used for both teaching and research.

  • The Behavior of Fish and Other Aquatic Animals

    • 1st Edition
    • David Mostofsky
    • English
    The Behavior of Fish and Other Aquatic Animals provides a comprehensive discussion of the behavior of fish and other aquatic animals. It aims to fulfill the need for published materials that can responsibly depict the status quo of existing knowledge, and that can serve to educate the scientist seeking an organized presentation focused on biobehavioral issues and techniques. The book begins by exploring symbiotic relationships in fishes that range from broad multispecific types that have little or no intimacy between symbionts to intimate mutualistic relationships. It then presents studies on the feasibility of using teleost fish as subjects in behavioral toxicology experiments; the visual behavior of fishes; the role of the teleost telencephalon in behavior; and the auditory systems of fishes. The remaining chapters cover the behavior of turtles in land, sea, and fresh waters; visually guided behavior in turtles; the gas bubble disease of fish; and the advantages and limitations of acoustic telemetry, which has been used to obtain data from animals ranging in size from hatchling sea turtles to large tuna and sharks.

  • The Cell in Mitosis

    • 1st Edition
    • Laurence Levine
    • English
    The Cell in Mitosis is a collection of papers presented at the First Annual Symposium held on November 6-8, 1961 under the provisions of The Wayne State Fund Research Recognition Award. Contributors focus on the complexities posed by the cell in division and consider topics such as the chemical prerequisites for cell division, the role of the centriole in division cycles, development of the cleavage furrow, chemical aspects of the isolated mitotic apparatus, histone variability, and actin polymerization. This volume is organized into 11 chapters and begins with an overview of cell division, with reference to the basic essential mechanisms of mitogeneses underlying the emergence of the elegant geometries of mitosis. An account of the congression of chromosomes onto metaphase configuration and progression through telophase is also given. The next chapters explore the identity and role of the centriole in the whole life cycle of cell behavior; the fine structure of animal cells during cytokinesis; the mechanism of saltatory particle movements during mitosis; and how chemical and physical agents disrupt the mitotic cycle. A chapter is devoted to the holotrichous ciliate, Tetrahymena pyriformis, paying attention to its fine structure during mitosis. This book will be of interest to physiologists, electron microscopists, light microscopists, biochemists, and others who want to know more about the various aspects of cell division.

  • Proteins and Nucleic Acids

    • 1st Edition
    • Isidore Gersh
    • English
    Submicroscopic Cytochemistry, Volume I: Proteins and Nucleic Acids presents laboratory findings and theoretical aspects involved or derived from submicroscopic cytochemistry study of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a two-volume book, encompassing 14 chapters covering three major topics: the pattern of distribution of nucleic acids at the molecular level in various cells and states of activity and in relation to protein synthesis; the molecular and macromolecular organization of cellular membranes; and the origin and distribution of the major macromolecular aggregates of connective tissue. After a brief introduction to the aspects of submicroscopic cytochemistry, the book discusses morphology, with emphasis on the distribution of cell components and their organization in cells at the macromolecular level. It then presents developed methods to preserve and selectively identify proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, acid mucopolysaccharides, and molecular aggregates very nearly in the position they occupied in the living state. Chapters 8 to 12 describe DNA molecular patterns during cell differentiation and cell maturation, and the alteration of these patterns in certain mouse cells. A discussion on DNA molecular patterns during metaplasia of stratified squamous mouse epithelium and of spinal ganglion cells during regeneration is provided. The concluding chapters examine DNA organization during mitotic cycle in Drosophila eggs and the persistence of chromosome individuality during interphase. This book is a valuable source of information for cytochemists, cell biologists, cell researchers, and protein nucleic acid enthusiasts who wish to expand their knowledge on comprehensive cytochemistry laboratory study.

  • Molecular Biophysics

    • 1st Edition
    • M Volkenstein
    • English
    Molecular Biophysics presents the fundamental principles of biophysics and their application to the study of the physical properties of biological macromolecules. The merger of biology and physics involves the development of sophisticated instrumentation and the molecular approach to the study of life phenomena. This book is composed of nine chapters and begins with an overview of the thermodynamical aspects and chemical foundations of biophysics. These topics are followed by the physical aspects of macromolecules, with a particular emphasis on the biological functions, conformation, and hydrophobic interactions of proteins. The subsequent chapter describes the structural and electro-optical properties of biopolymers based on X-ray, optical, and spectroscopic analysis. The discussion then shifts to enzymes, their chemical kinetics, catalytic potential, and conformational and cooperative properties. The remaining chapters explore the physical aspects of nucleic acids and the biosynthesis of proteins. This book will prove useful to molecular biophysicists, biologists, physicists, and researchers in the fields of life sciences.

  • Free Energy Transduction in Biology

    The Steady-State Kinetic and Thermodynamic Formalism
    • 1st Edition
    • Terrell Hill
    • English
    Free Energy Transduction in Biology: The Steady-State Kinetic and Thermodynamic Formalism focuses on the steady-state kinetic and thermodynamic formalism related to free energy transduction. As the word ""formalism"" implies, the discussion concerns general principles and methods and not details of proposed mechanisms in the various special cases. Organized into seven chapters, this book first describes the diagram method, which is the main analytical tool in the study of discrete state, cycling system. The next chapter describes the essential topic of cycles and cycle fluxes. Some chapters discuss the more important bioenergetic principles that emerge from the diagram approach. This book is also concerned with somewhat more specialized aspects of the subject (stochastics and fluctuations) and interacting subsystems and multienzyme complexes, including oxidative phosphorylation.

  • Invertebrate Tissue Culture

    • 1st Edition
    • C Vago
    • English
    Invertebrate Tissue Culture, Volume I, reviews advances in the use of tissue and organ culture in invertebrate research in physiology and pathology. It describes methods in invertebrate tissue culture, including organ culture techniques in liquid and gel media; aseptic rearing of invertebrates for tissue culture; and cell culture of organisms, ranging from Lepidoptera and Diptera to Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Crustacea, Arachnida, Merostomacea, and mollusks. Organized into two sections encompassing 13 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the general methodology in cell and organ cultures and their preparation from aseptic conditions. It then discusses methods for the examination of cultures, including those concerning ultrastructure studies by electron microscopy. The reader is also introduced to cell cultures obtained from different groups of invertebrates, with emphasis on peculiarities specific to each group; the morphology and physiology of cultured invertebrate cells; and cultivation and growth of cells. This book is a valuable resource for specialists in the field of invertebrate cell and organ culture.

  • Viral and Mycoplasmal of Laboratory Rodents

    Effects on Biomedical Research
    • 1st Edition
    • Pravin Bhatt
    • English
    Viral and Mycoplasmal Infections of Laboratory Rodents: Effects on Biomedical Research contains the proceedings of a conference held at the National Institutes of Health on October 24-26, 1984. Organized into four parts, this book begins by elucidating the basic biology and pathogenetic mechanisms of viral and mycoplasmal infections. The presence of known and potential research complications due to these infections is also addressed. Lastly, the detection, control, and prevention of infection in rodent colonies are discussed.

  • Bivalvia Through Reptilia

    • 1st Edition
    • T Pandian
    • English
    Animal Energetics, Volume 2: Bivalvia through Reptilia is part of a two-volume treatise focusing on the integrated picture of the energy transformation process at the organismic level. Since it is almost impossible to restrict meaningful discussions to only one level of organization, some reference is made to population energetics as well as to the suborganismic level. The bioenergetics of both vertebrate and invertebrate groups are discussed. Specifically, the bioenergetics of bivalves, gastropods, bryozoans, pogonophorans, echinoderms, lower chordates, fishes, amphibians, and reptiles are covered. Understanding the efficient and fast transformation of biological energy has become an important issue in world affairs; studies on energetics and growth of thermoconformers can therefore be expected to expand greatly in the future. This book aims to provide many keys to a broader understanding of biology as well as open untrodden avenues to biologists with the quest for newer energy sources and efficient methods of energy utilization.

  • Comparative Biochemistry of Parasites

    • 1st Edition
    • H Van den Bossche
    • English
    Comparative Biochemistry of Parasites contains the proceedings of an international symposium organized by the Janssen Research Foundation and held at Janssen Pharmaceutica in Belgium on September 1-3, 1971. The symposium reviewed progress in the understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of parasites such as protozoa and helminths. Organized into 34 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of early research on parasite biochemistry before turning to a discussion of antischistosomal drugs and their biochemical effects on parasites. The reader is then introduced to the biochemistry of carbohydrates in nematodes and cestodes; neurotransmitters in trematodes; pharmacological aspects and biochemical effects of tetramisole; the mechanism of action of berenil (Diminazene) and related compounds; and dihydrofolate reductases in parasitic protozoa and helminths. Other chapters focus on the loss of fatty acid biosynthesis in flatworms, the cytochrome system in Kinetoplastidae, oxidative phosphorylation in Moniezia mitochondria, and the role of non-heme iron in cestode respiration. Scientists, particularly physiologists and biochemists, will find this book an invaluable source of information on parasite physiology and biochemistry.

  • Toxic Constituents of Animal Foodstuffs

    • 1st Edition
    • Irvin Liener
    • English
    Toxic Constituents of Animal Foodstuffs focuses on toxic substances that occur naturally as well as those that are deliberately or inadvertently introduced by man in animal foodstuffs. This book gives specific discussions on food contaminants in meat, dairy products, avian and fish eggs, shellfish, fish, and algae. It notes that the naturally occurring toxicants seem to be confined mainly to avian and fish eggs and to certain kinds of shellfish and amphibia. Examples of toxicity due to the introduction of synthetic chemicals may be found in most meat and dairy products. Moreover, special consideration is given to the problem of the carcinogenic nitrosamines in meat products to which nitrites have been added. This reference will convey an increased awareness of the fact that even products of animal origin may prove to be potentially hazardous to health because of certain toxic substances. Consequently, there will be a vital need for their close surveillance in the food chain.

  • Biological Monitoring of Marine Pollutants

    • 1st Edition
    • F. John Vernberg
    • English
    Biological Monitoring of Marine Pollutants presents the proceedings of a symposium on ""Pollution and Physiology of Marine Organisms"" held in Milford, Connecticut, on November 7-9, 1980. It looks at the physiological effects of pollutants, such as synthetic organic compounds, petroleum hydrocarbons, and heavy metals, on marine organisms ranging from fishes and shrimps to barnacles, crabs, mussels, polychaetes, and microalgae. Comprised of four sections encompassing 22 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the effects of synthetic organics, such as pesticides on marine organisms like the mysid shrimps Mysidopsis bahia. It proceeds with a discussion of the toxic effects of several chlorophenols on the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio; how heavy metals, including silver, copper, cadmium, zinc, and mercury, affect species such as the polychaete Neanthes virens and the caridean shrimp Palaemonetes pugio; monitoring of water quality based on the biochemical and physiological responses of marine organisms to pollutants; and the effects of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on fishes from an ecological standpoint. Marine scientists, ecologists, and students will find this book extremely useful.

  • Animal Products in Human Nutrition

    • 1st Edition
    • Donald Beitz
    • English
    Animal Products in Human Nutrition evaluates the contributions of food derived from animals to a balanced diet. The individual chapters in this book are organized into two major sections. The first section begins with a history of the use of animal-derived foods from the early ages of mankind, followed by a treatise of economic and resource costs of animal foods, including use of industrial and agricultural by-products and fish. Trends in the changes in the composition of American diets and the metabolism and disposition of common environmental toxins within animal tissues are also included in this section. The second section details the essential nutrients provided by animal products, as well as the possible effects of consumption of animal products on the development of hypertension, milk intolerance, infections from food-borne bacteria, cancer, and atherosclerosis. This book will be useful to agricultural scientists, journalists, professionals that deal with human nutrition, and human nutritionists and dietitians.

  • The molecular aspects of autoimmunity

    • 1st Edition
    • Nadir Farid
    • English
    The Molecular Aspects of Autoimmunity contains a selection of the papers presented at the first of a series of biannual meetings on molecular aspects of autoimmunity held in L'Esterel, Quebec, Canada, October 30-November 2, 1988. The book contains 20 chapters and begins with a study of the expression of the Ly-1 gene and V gene families in autoantibodies. This is followed by separate chapters on the structural characteristics of human IgM autoantibodies; human IgV gene segments for autoantibodies; and the genetic basis of anti-DNA immune responses. Subsequent chapters cover topics such as the epibodies from the immune response to the acetylcholine receptor (AChR); the specificities and idiotypes of anti-histone H1 autoantibodies; T cell tolerance; and T cell antigen receptor (TCR) gene biology and the genomic composition and expressed repertoire of these genes in several autoimmune and normal mouse strains. Also discussed are MHC Class II associations with autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and thyroid disease.

  • Forage in Ruminant Nutrition

    • 1st Edition
    • Dennis Minson
    • English
    Forage in Ruminant Nutrition is the 12th text in a series of books about animal feeing and nutrition. The series is intended to keep readers updated on the developments occurring in these fields. As it is apparent that ruminant animals are important throughout the world because of the meat and milk they produce, knowledge about the feeds available to ruminants must also be considered for increased production and efficiency. This text provides information that readers will find considerably invaluable about forage feeds, such as grass, legumes, hay, and straw. The book is composed of 16 chapters that feature the following concepts of ruminant forage feeding: • composition of ruminant products and the nutrients required for maintenance and reproduction; • energy and nutrient available in forage: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, copper, iodine, zinc, manganese, selenium, and cobalt; • intake of forage by housed ruminants; • grazing; • forage digestibility; • protein in ruminant nutrition; • protein and other nutrient deficiencies. This volume will be an invaluable reference for students and professionals in agricultural chemistry and grassland and animal husbandry researches.

  • Reproduction of Eukaryotic Cells

    • 1st Edition
    • David M. Prescott
    • English
    Reproduction of Eukaryotic Cells organizes in a single source the principal facts and observations on the cell life cycle and reproduction of eukaryotic cells. The aim is to increase the overall understanding of how these cells reproduce themselves and how this reproduction is regulated. The book begins with a discussion of the sections of the cell cycle and regulation of cell reproduction. Separate chapters on cell growth, cell synchrony, the G1 period, S period, and G2 period follow. Subsequent chapters are devoted to activities during cell division; cell cycle changes in surface morphology; the role of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) in regulation of cell reproduction; and changes in nuclear proteins, RNA synthesis, and enzyme activities during the cell cycle. The final chapter covers the genetic analysis of the cell cycle.

  • The Mycoplasmas V3

    Plant and Insects Mycoplasmas
    • 1st Edition
    • R.F. Whitcomb
    • English
    The Mycoplasmas, Volume III: Plant and Insect Mycoplasmas is a volume of a comprehensive three-volume series encompassing various facets of mycoplasmology. It attempts not only to present an extensive and critical review of the rapidly expanding field of plant and insect mycoplasmas, but also to integrate these important subdisciplines into the total field of mycoplasmology. This volume, in particular, shows relevant information on a group of helical mycoplasmas(spiropla... stressing their part in plant and insect diseases. It discusses the tick-borne spiroplasmas and their possible role in vertebrate disease. Other suspected mycoplasmal plant diseases, vector transmission of mycoplasmas and spiroplasmas, and the chemotherapy of mycoplasmal plant diseases are also described. This book will serve as a standard reference work for mycoplasmologists, as well as for other interested microbiologists, cellular and molecular biologists, membrane biochemists, clinicians, veterinarians, plant pathologists, and entomologists.

  • Cell Shape

    Determinants, Regulation, And Regulatory Role
    • 1st Edition
    • Felix Bronner
    • English
    Cell Shape: Determinants, Regulation, and Regulatory Role is written to help readers understand cell shape and its regulation. It provides insight into how the shape of a cell is determined at a molecular level. It also discusses how the shape of the cell, as a signal, controls gene expression and modulates intercellular interaction. Divided into four parts encompassing 13 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the mechanism of shape determination. It then explores how the cytoskeleton, the extracellular matrix, and biochemical force transduction may affect or respond to cell shape control. Other chapters focus on the mechanical modeling of cell shape and the biochemical reactions underlying cell motility. The text also describes the results of the molecular studies that have provided important information on the composition of the cytoskeleton. The final chapter reviews the shape changes that happen during embryogenesis. It also considers how the polarity of the embryo is determined. This book is a valuable resource for biologists, embryologists, and cell biologists.

  • Gene Manipulations in Fungi

    • 1st Edition
    • J.W. Bennett
    • English
    Gene Manipulations in Fungi combines a review of classical fungal genetics, contemporary research, and responsible speculation about the future. This book focuses on yeasts and molds; because yeast is the primary model system for eukaryotes and that there is an elegant research on molds. The applications of fungi, including their economic importance, are addressed. The book emphasizes the need for improved transformation systems, appropriate vectors, and broadly applicable selectable markers in this field of interest. This book will help stimulate the development of innovative approaches in this subject matter.

  • Circannual Clocks

    Annual Biological Rhythms
    • 1st Edition
    • Eric Pengelley
    • English
    Circannual Clocks: Annual Biological Rhythms documents the Proceedings of a Satellite Symposium of the 140th Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science held in San Francisco, California, February 25, 1974. The purpose of the symposium was to summarize the present state of knowledge on endogenous annual rhythms (circannual clocks), and to point out their biological significance and importance. The presentations included studies on the following: the circannual rhythms of an arthropod, the cave crayfish, Orconectes pellucidus inermis, and a cnidarian, Campanularia flexuosa; the occurrence, manifestation, and importance of circannual rhythms in birds with different migratory habits; and the importance of circannual rhythms in hibernating mammals. Also covered are the relationships between circannual rhythms and endogenous lunar and tidal rhythms; circannual rhythm of reproduction in male European starlings; the adaptational value of internal annual clocks in birds; the expression and suppression of the circannual antler growth cycle in deer; and circannual rhythms in man.

  • Viral Transformation and Endogenous Viruses

    • 1st Edition
    • Albert Kaplan
    • English
    Viral Transformation and Endogenous Viruses is a collection of papers presented at the symposium on ""Viral Transformation and Endogenous Viruses"" held at Vanderbilt University on April 1-2, 1974. Contributors discuss the viral function(s) responsible for the transformation of the cells that are infected with oncogenic viruses, emphasizing the type of changes that characterize transformed cells and the regulatory mechanisms that are altered after malignant transformations. This volume is organized into 10 chapters and begins with an overview of DNA-containing tumor viruses, particularly Simian Virus 40 (SV40) and its mutants with DNA deletions, insertions, and duplications. The integration and transcription of adenovirus DNA is considered, along with the characteristics of temperature-sensitiv... mutants of these viruses. The reader is then introduced to the chemistry and biology of RNA-containing tumor viruses, which are useful reagents to study neoplastic transformation both in vivo and in vitro. A major aspect of these viruses concerns the analysis of their genome at the chemical and genetic levels. The last part of the book is devoted to biochemical and genetic analyses of endogenous viruses isolated from avian cells. This book is a valuable resource for scientists and investigators in fields such as pathology, molecular virology, molecular biology, microbiology, oncology, and biochemistry.

  • Plant Pathology V1

    The Diseased Plant
    • 1st Edition
    • James G. Horsfall
    • English
    Plant Pathology: An Advanced Treatise, Volume I: The Diseased Plant presents an integrated synthesis of the scope, importance, and history of plant pathology, emphasizing the concept of disease, not of diseases. The book focuses on pathological processes, defense devices, predisposition, and therapy of the diseased plant. It explores the normal pathways that are obstructed in sick plants; how the pathogen causes dysfunction; and how the host plant reacts to the pathogen. This book also considers the logistics and the strategy of disease and how to combat it. This volume is organized into 15 chapters and begins with an overview of plant pathology, its history, and its relation to other sciences, along with plant predisposition to disease, and the resistance-susceptib... problem. The next chapters examine how sickness in plants is recognized and diagnosed, the tissue breakdown in diseases, and the effects of parasites on the processes in plants. The impact of disease on water balance and respiration in plants and the histology of disease resistance in plants are also explained. This volume also covers the physiological and chemical basis of defense by higher plants against potential or invading pathogens and the hypersensitivity concept in plant pathology. The final chapter discusses the physical and chemical therapy of the diseased plant. This book will appeal to all who are interested in a theoretical treatment of plant pathology and in the broad ecological relationships among organisms, as well as to research workers and advanced students of applied biology.

  • Biochemistry of Thermophily

    • 1st Edition
    • S. Marvin Friedman
    • English
    Biochemistry of Thermophily covers the proceedings of a seminar held under the auspices of the U.S.-Japan Cooperative Science Program at the East-West Center in Honolulu, Hawaii on June 22-24, 1977. This seminar focuses on biochemistry of thermophilic microorganisms. It presents an achievement in the complex field of thermophiles and their unique properties. This book discusses the fatty acid composition in several strains of moderately and extremely thermophilic bacteria, the membrane and lipid components, the biosynthesis and function of ω-cyclohexyl fatty acids, and the influence of growth temperature and lipid state on lipid and protein distribution. It then presents the ecologic and genetic aspects of thermophilic bacteria, including their morphology, surface structure, and transfection. It also examines the function and thermostability of ribosomal proteins, polypeptides, and polyamines in thermophilic bacteria. Finally, the book discusses the thermostability of proteins, the effect of amino acid substitution on conformational stability of thermophile, the thermophilic enzymes, and the physiology of thermophilic bacteria. This book will be helpful to molecular and research biologists, teachers, and students who wish to expand their understanding on mechanisms of thermophilicity, thermostability, and thermophilic microorganisms.

  • Molecular Control of Proliferation and Differentiation

    • 1st Edition
    • John Papaconstantinou
    • English
    Molecular Control of Proliferation and Differentiation documents the proceedings of the 35th symposium of The Society for Developmental Biology entitled "Molecular Control of Proliferation and Differentiation," held at Asilomar, Monterey Peninsula, California, June 8-11, 1976. The contributions made by researchers at the symposium are organized into seven parts. Part I presents a paper on cell communication in embryological development. Part II includes studies on growth factors, including fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor. Part III examines the factors affecting nerve cell differentiation and function. It includes papers on nerve growth factor and peptides as central nervous system neurotransmitters. Part IV focuses on cell interactions in blood cell development. It includes studies on factors affecting the differentiation of blood cells and the proliferation of hemopoietic stem cells in vitro. Part V examines cell interactions in the immune system. Part VI deals with cell interactions in organogenesis. Part VII covers the factors effecting differentiation in lower eukaryotes.

  • Chromatin and Chromosome Structure

    • 1st Edition
    • Hsueh Jei Li
    • English
    Chromatin and Chromosome Structure consists of chapters that reflect a 1975 seminar course and the reported observations after the session. The seminar is organized for the benefit of both faculty and students in the Biology Ph.D. Program of the City University of New York. This book begins with a presentation of the conformational studies of histones. It then describes the histone-DNA interactions and the subunits isolated either from chromatin or from nuclei. It also explains the post-synthetic modifications of histone structure. Furthermore, the book talks about the chemistry and function of nuclear nonhistone proteins, low molecular weight nuclear RNA, and polytene chromosome structure. The regulation of gene expression in chick oviduct model system and the main features of lampbrush chromosomes are shown as well. Aside from the students and faculty of the above-mentioned university, this compilation will be invaluable as well to other undergraduate and graduate students; professors; and researchers. It will also be a good reference to those who are specializing in chromatin and chromosome studies.

  • Physiological Mammalogy V2

    • 1st Edition
    • William Mayer
    • English
    Physiological Mammalogy, Volume II: Mammalian Reactions to Stressful Environments deals with natural mammalian populations and their adaptations to stressful environments. The book explores the physiology and morphology of reproduction and development; water metabolism; and hibernation. This volume is organized into three chapters and begins with a discussion of aspects of reproduction and embryology that are purely mammalian, emphasizing the mammalian reproductive organs and the evolutionary trends in such organs. The next chapter focuses on water balance in desert rodents. Inasmuch as reproduction is considerably affected by the environment, it also can be considered a process modified by environmental stresses. The final chapter examines hibernation as a mechanism for mammals to avoid periods of unfavorable environment. This chapter also describes the poikilothermic state of mammalian populations during hibernation, along with the consequences of reduced metabolic rate during hibernation. Experimental animal biologists and those who work with mammals will find this book invaluable.

  • Primates in Nutritional Research

    • 1st Edition
    • K Hayes
    • English
    Primates in Nutritional Research is a result of a workshop on primate nutrition, held in October 1978. This book presents the topics in the workshop, which are the nutrient requirements and various techniques of feeding monkeys and the in-depth reviews of investigated aspects of nutritional research, where nonhuman primates are the models for human disease. This volume has 16 chapters and is basically divided according to two main themes. The first part (Chapters 1-7) deals with the practical matters of nutritional husbandry. Topics in this section include dietary allowances for nutrients; liquid formulas and protein requirements; caloric intake and weight changes; folic acid needs; and semipurified diets. The second part (Chapters 8-16) describes different models under investigation at the time of publishing. Included in this section are discussions on diet and atherosclerosis; selected aspects of metabolic behavior of the squirrel monkey; effects of dietary fat on plasma lipids; acute and chronic effects of ethanol; and the induction of obesity. Students, teachers, scientists, and researchers interested in nonhuman primate research will find this book very helpful. Professionals in other areas of study, such as nutrition and food science, medicine, metabolic diseases, and animal research, will also benefit from this book.

  • Computer Programming in Quantitative Biology

    • 1st Edition
    • R.G. Davies
    • English
    Computer Programming in Quantitative Biology covers the general background of Fortran coding and the more sophisticated computer programs likely to be encountered in quantitative biology. It discusses the application of over 40 appropriate and easily adaptable programming techniques to problems of major biological interest. Organized into 15 chapters, the book starts by providing an introductory outline of computer structure and function needed to appreciate many basic programming procedures. A chapter discusses some general principles underlying Fortran coding and the use of digital computers, with emphasis on major features of Fortran IV. Other chapters present short introduction to the statistical or mathematical techniques in each of the main sections under which program are described. These chapters also provide some aspects of matrix algebra that are essential for serious statistical programming and offer a general guide to efficiency in programming. All complete programs are accompanied by a flowchart and a detailed discussion. This book is a valuable source of information for biologists, computational biologists, research biologists, undergraduate students, and advanced or specialized students of biology.

  • Plant Disease: An Advanced Treatise

    How Disease Develops in Populations
    • 1st Edition
    • James G. Horsfall
    • English
    Plant Disease An Advanced Treatise, Volume II: How Disease Develops in Populations deals with the epidemiological aspect of disease in population of plants. Comprised of 18 chapters, this volume discusses the comparative anatomy, methods of research, instrumentation, computer simulation, and genetic basis of epidemics. After briefly discussing the sociology of plant pathology, the book presents the comparative anatomy of epidemics in terms of their structure, patterns of development, and dynamics. This volume describes the rational processes of epidemiological research and how they differ from the processes used to investigate disease in individual plants. A chapter examines the instrumentation for measuring the weather component, including temperature, humidity, air movement, and irradiance. Other chapters discuss the measurement of disease on whole living plants; the theory and measurement of inoculum potential; the dispersal of pathogens in both time and space; and the movement and maintenance of infectivity by pathogens that operate below ground. This volume also deals with computer simulators of plant disease and the use of predictive models to forecast epidemics for management decision making. It describes some general patterns of changes in plant-part susceptibility with time for various groups of diseases caused by fungi or viruses. A discussion on the problems of genetic uniformity and susceptibility and the breeding and deployment strategies needed to cope with these problems is included. Other chapters examine the influence of climate and weather on epidemics; the analysis of the geographical and climatic distribution of plants in various parts of the world; and the hazardous practices that have favored epidemics. Lastly, the probabilities of success for quarantines against diseases of various types are provided. This volume is an invaluable source for plant epidemiologists and pathologists, botanists, and researchers.

  • Nucleic Acid Research

    Future Development
    • 1st Edition
    • Kiyoshi Mizobuchi
    • English
    Nucleic Acid Research: Future Development reflects the exchange of ideas and information among the participants of ""The Future of Nucleic Acid Research"" symposium held at Kyoto on December 1981. This publication aims to extend the ideas presented in the symposium and to provide facts that can answer various scientific questions, particularly, in molecular biology. The book is divided into five parts. It explains the structure of DNA and chromosome and the interaction of nucleic acids with proteins. It also discusses the gene organization of prokaryotes as well as the gene expressions in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Moreover, it talks about the DNA replication and recombination prokaryotes. This publication is a masterful reference for genetics and molecular biology researchers and lecturers. It will also be an excellent learning material for students taking different courses in biology, including genetics, cell and molecular biology, molecular biophysics, and biochemistry.

  • Quantitative Methods in The Study of Animal behavior

    • 1st Edition
    • Brian Hazlett
    • English
    Quantitative Methods in the Study of Animal Behavior covers a symposium on quantitative methods in behavior. In this book, mathematics is used in two ways – statistical approaches (techniques that describe the main patterns and variability of behavior patterns) and model building. Composed of six chapters, the book opens with a discussion on the three areas of classical ethology – social dominance, behavioral taxonomy, and behavioral variability. The following chapter focuses on the information theory as an ethological tool. In Chapter 3, application of multivariate analyses to diverse ethological data is discussed. The next part of the book discusses more in detail the animal behavioral patterns, relationships, and sequences. The book is a good reference for various fields such as biological science, marine science, and zoology. Students, teachers, scientists, and researchers interested in the aspects of statistics and patterns in animal behavior can make use of this book as a valuable resource.

  • Transporting Epithelia

    • 1st Edition
    • Michael Berridge
    • English
    Transporting Epithelia summarizes the progress that has been made in understanding a wide range of epithelial transport systems. This book discusses the epithelia involved in osmotic and ionic regulation from protonephridia to the mammalian kidney. It also explains the digestive and absorptive epithelia, as well as the epithelia that produce special secretions, such as milk, endolymph, aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, sweat, and tears. Furthermore, this book describes the role of the epithelium in the physiology of the animal and the structure of the epithelium. Then, the structure of the epithelium is correlated with its physiological properties. This book will be valuable both for teaching and as a reference for research workers interested in comparative aspects of transport phenomena.

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