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Physiology of the Amphibia

1st Edition - January 1, 1976

Editor: Brian Lofts

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 3 7 9 - 0

Physiology of the Amphibia, Volume III consists of 10 chapters beginning with a discussion on amphibian color changes and the various aspects of the molting cycle. Possessing a… Read more

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Physiology of the Amphibia, Volume III consists of 10 chapters beginning with a discussion on amphibian color changes and the various aspects of the molting cycle. Possessing a skin more suitable for life in the water, the amphibians need to prevent excessive water loss from their body to the environment; hence, an additional mechanism for reducing the hazards of desiccation in many anuran species is described. This book also tackles the physiology of amphibian cells in culture. Furthermore, the animals' nervous, visual, and auditory systems; their immunity; and metamorphosis are explained in this text. This reference will be useful to general biologists and to students with interests in animal physiology.

Contributors

Preface

Contents of Previous Volumes

1. Color Change

I. Introduction

II. The Nature of Chromatophores

III. The Control of Color Change

IV. Mechanisms of Hormone Action on Pigment Cells

V. Cellular Associations in Color Change

VI. Conclusions and Perspectives

References

2. Physiology of Molting

I. Introduction

II. Frequency of Molting

III. General Aspects of Hormonal Control

IV. Phases of the Molting Cycle

V. Control of the Molting Frequency

VI. Water Permeability and Ion Transport in Relation to Molting

VII. Molting and Desquamation in Other Vertebrates

VIII. Biological Significance of Molting

IX. Appendix

References

3. Ground Substance: an Anuran Defense Against Desiccation

I. Introduction

II. Morphology and Distribution

III. Conclusions

References

4. The Physiology of Amphibian Cells in Culture

I. Introduction

II. Stability of Cell Type

III. Physical Parameters Which Affect Cell Growth

IV. Metabolism of Cultured Cells

V. Special Studies

VI. Culture Methods

VII. Available Cell Lines and Their Sources

References

5. Immune Mechanisms

I. Introduction

II. Histogenesis and Anatomy of the Immune System

III. Adult Cervical Organs in Rana catesbeiana

IV. Immunological Tolerance and Development of Immunity in Larval Anurans

V. Transplantation Immunity in Larval Anurans

VI. Role of the Thymus Gland: Transplantation Immunity

VII. Transplantation Immunity in Adult Urodeles

VIII. Transplantation Immunity In Adult Caecilians (Apoda)

IX. Cellular Immunity

X. Lymphoid Organ Response to Antigen

XI. Ontogenetic Emergence of Immunoglobulins in Anuran Larvae

XII. Antibody Synthesis in Adults

XIII. Immunoglobulin Characteristics in Adult Anurans

XIV. Tumors of the Lymphoid System

XV. New Approach to Relationship between the Thymus, Other Lymphoid Organs, and the Endocrine System

XVI. Summary

References

6. Pathology in the Amphibia

I. Introduction

II. Developmental Abnormalities

III. Infectious Diseases

IV. Protozoal Infestations

V. Infestation by Helminths

VI. Leeches, Flies, and Crustaceans

VII. Fungal Infection

VIII. Tumors

IX. Conclusion

References

7. The Nervous System

I. Introduction

II. Development and Experimental Embryology

III. Structural Elements of the Central Nervous System

IV. Functional Morphology

V. Motor Apparatus and Reflex Arcs (Effector Systems)

VI. Olfactory System

VII. Visual System

VIII. Lateral-Line and Vestibular Systems

IX. Gustatory and Chemoreceptive Systems

X. Autonomic System

XI. Neuroendocrine Systems

XII. Ventricular System, Ependymal Lining, and Circumventricular Organs

XIII. Choroid Plexuses

XIV. Paraphysis

XV. Final Conclusions: Causal Relationships between Structure and Function

References

8. The Visual System

I. Introduction

II. The Retina: First-Order Processing

III. Behavioral Correlates of Retinal-Tectal Selectivity

IV. Functions of the Optic Tectum

V. Ipsilateral Tectal Units

VI. Subtectal Regions: Multimodal Integration

VII. Visual Function of the Dorsal Thalamus

VIII. Concluding Remarks

References

9. The Auditory System

I. Introduction

II. Sound Communication in Anurans

III. Auditory Receptor Organization

IV. Auditory Pathways

V. Auditory Neurophysiological Studies

References

10. The Biology of Metamorphosis

I. Introduction

II. The Biological Significance of Metamorphosis

III. The Scope of Metamorphosis

IV. Staging of Anuran Development: Normal Tables

V. Endocrine Aspects of Metamorphosis

VI. Endocrine Aspects of Neoteny

VII. Survey of Metamorphic Transformations

VIII. Environmental Aspects of Metamorphosis

IX. Theories of Metamorphosis

References

Author Index

Species Index

Subject Index