Protein Transfer and Organelle Biogenesis

Contributors

Preface

Part I. Translocation


1. Transport of Proteins into and across the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane

I. Introduction

II. Historical Background

III. Targeting

IV. Mechanism of Translocation

V. Membrane Assembly of Integral Transmembrane Proteins

VI. Overview

References

Part II. Modification, Maturation, and Transport


2. Role of Carbohydrate in Glycoprotein Traffic and Secretion

I. Introduction

II. Evidence for Intracellular Transport Signals

III. Oligosaccharide Biosynthesis

IV. Role of Carbohydrate in Protein Solubility, Structure, and Stability

V. Evidence for Carbohydrate Transport Signals Using Site-Directed Mutagenesis

VI. Mutations That Alter Glycosylation and Glycoprotein Traffic

VII. Tunicamycin and Glycoprotein Traffic

VIII. Inhibitors of Oligosaccharide Processing and Glycoprotein Traffic

IX. Vertebrate Lectins and Glycoprotein Traffic

X. Concluding Remarks

References


3. Membrane Insertion and Transport of Viral Glycoproteins: A Mutational Analysis

I. Introduction

II. Genetic Approaches to Viral Glycoprotein Transport

III. Conclusions

References


4. Posttranslational Modification during Protein Secretion

I. Introduction

II. Reactions in the Cytoplasm

III. Reactions in the Endoplasmic Reticulum

IV. Protein Modification in the Golgi Apparatus

V. Conclusion

References


5. Mannosidases in Mammalian Glycoprotein Processing

I. Introduction

II. Processing Mannosidases and Multiple Routes

III. Conclusions

References

Part III. Sorting and Organelle Assembly


6. Biosynthesis and Sorting of Proteins of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

I. Introduction

II. Structure and Sorting of ERp99, an Abundant, Conserved ER Glycoprotein

III. Conclusions and Future Directions

References


7. Functional Topology of Golgi Membranes

I. Introduction

II. General Properties of the Golgi Apparatus

III. Topology of Membrane-Bound Functions

IV. Transport Properties of Golgi Membranes

V. Concluding Remarks

References


8. Protein Sorting and Biogenesis of the Lysosome-like Vacuole in Yeast

I. Introduction

II. Biosynthesis of Vacuolar Proteins

III. Sorting of Vacuolar Proteins

IV. Endocytosis in Yeast and Its Relationship to Vacuolar Protein Delivery

V. Summary and Conclusions

References


9. Transport and Targeting of Lysosomal Enzymes in Dictyostelium discoideum

I. Introduction

II. Life History of a Cellular Slime Mold Lysosomal Enzyme

III. Dual Pathways for the Secretion of Lysosomal Enzymes

IV. Genetic Approaches to Dissect Intracellular Transport Pathways

V. Developmental Regulation of the Synthesis, Modification, and Localization of Lysosomal Enzymes

VI. Recombinant DNA Approaches

VII. Summary and Future Perspectives

References


10. Organelles of Endocytosis and Exocytosis

I. Introduction

II. Endocytosis

III. Exocytosis

IV Summary and Future Prospects

References


11. Endocytosis and Compartmentalization of Lysosomal Enzymes in Normal and Mutant Mammalian Cells: Mannose 6-Phosphate-Dependent Pathways

I. In the Beginning

II. The Recognition Marker

III. The Receptors

IV. Endocytosis

V. The Intracellular Pathway

VI. Junction of the Pathways

References


12. Biogenesis of Secretory Vesicles

I. Introduction

II. Structure and Function of Secretory Organelles

III. Formation of Secretory Vesicles

IV Conclusion and Perspectives

References


13. Expression of Extracellular Matrixlike Glycoproteins by Macrophages and Other Leukocytes

I. Introduction

II. Biosynthesis of Extracellular Matrixlike Glycoproteins by Macrophages

III. Functions of Extracellular Matrixlike Glycoproteins in Macrophages and Related Cells

IV. Perspectives

References

Part IV. Transfer Across Bacterial Membranes


14. Synthesis and Export of Lipoproteins in Bacteria

I. Introduction

II. Li pop rote in Structure

III. Biosynthesis

IV Distributions of Lipoproteins among Bacteria

V Signal Peptidases

VI. Genomic Organization of the Isp Gene

VII. Prolipoprotein Structural Gene Mutants Affecting Modification and/or Processing

VIII. Early Steps in Lipoprotein Secretion

IX. Concluding Remarks

References


15. Protein Secretion across the Outer Membrane of Gram-Negative Bacteria

I. Introduction

II. Lysis or Secretion

III. Early Stages in the Secretion Pathway

IV. Later Stages in the Secretion Pathway: Secretion Proteins and Targeting Signals

V. Release of Proteins in Vesicles

VI. Activators and Inhibitors of Secreted Proteins

VII. Special Cases

VIII. Concluding Remarks and Perspectives

References

Part V. Mitochondrial Assembly


16. Genetic Approaches to the Study of Mitochondrial Protein Import

I. Introduction

II. Isolation of Mutations affecting Mitochondrial Import

III. Conclusions

References


17. Synthesis and Assembly of Mitrochondrial Proteins

I. Introduction

II. Precursor Proteins

III. Targeting and Sorting Sequences

IV. Receptors

V. Energy Requirements

VI. Cytosolic Cofactors

VII. Translocation Contact Sites

VIII. Proteolytic Processing

IX. Mitochondrial Gene Products

X. Assembly and Coordination

XI. Overview

References

Part VI. Nuclear Transport


18. Transport of Proteins into the Nucleus

I. Introduction

II. Nuclear Pore

III. Possible Mechanisms for Specific Nuclear Protein Localization

IV. Nuclear Protein Localization in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

V. Conclusion

References

Part VII. Applied Research


19. Secretion Research in Industrial Mycology

I. Introduction

II. Commercially Important Enzymes of Fungal Origin

III. Secretion of Therapeutic Mammalian Polypeptides in Saccharomyces cervisiae

IV. Applied Secretion Research: Prospects for the Future

References

Index