Skip to main content
Elsevier

Books in Physical sciences and engineering

  • Advances in Control Systems

    Theory and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 4
    • C. T. Leondes
    • English
    Advances in Control Systems: Theory and Applications, Volume 4 provides information pertinent to the significant progress in the field of automatic control. This book presents several fundamental approaches to algorithms for the determination of optimum control inputs to a system. Organized into six chapters, this volume begins with an overview of presents the method of sequential optimization including examples of its application. This text then examines the powerful direct method of Liapunov function techniques to the subject of the stability of stochastic dynamical systems. Other chapters consider the aspect of optimum control of large-scale complex system, which is the most striking characteristic in the evolution of the practice of control systems theory. This book discusses as well the basic techniques for the modification of the control problem. The final chapter deals with the problem of convergence properties of the method of gradients. This book is a valuable resource for engineers.

  • VLSI Metallization

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 15
    • Norman G. Einspruch + 2 more
    • English
    VLSI Electronics Microstructure Science, Volume 15: VLSI Metallization discusses the various issues and problems related to VLSI metallization. It details the available solutions and presents emerging trends. This volume is comprised of 10 chapters. The two introductory chapters, Chapter 1 and 2 serve as general references for the electrical and metallurgical properties of thin conducting films. Subsequent chapters review the various aspects of VLSI metallization. The order of presentation has been chosen to follow the common processing sequence. In Chapter 3, some relevant metal deposition techniques are discussed. Chapter 4 presents the methods of VLSI lithography and etching. Conducting films are first deposited at the gate definition step; therefore, the issues related to gate metallization are discussed next in Chapter 5.In Chapter 6, contact metallization is elaborated, and Chapter 7 is devoted to multilevel metallization schemes. Long-time reliability is the subject of Chapter 8, which discusses the issues of contact and interconnect electromigration. GaAs metallization is tackled in Chapter 9. The volume concludes with a general discussion of the functions of interconnect systems in VLSI. Materials scientists, processing and design engineers, and device physicists will find the book very useful.

  • Concurrent Engineering Techniques and Applications

    Advances in Theory and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 62
    • C. T. Leondes
    • English
    Concurrent Engineering Techniques and Applications reviews advances in concurrent engineering techniques and applications. An in-depth treatment of the quantitative and economic aspects of concurrent engineering is presented, with emphasis on techniques for measuring the performances of concurrent engineering and for comparing its economic effectiveness with that of traditional engineering. Open systems software standards in concurrent engineering are also discussed. Comprised of 12 chapters, this volume begins with an introduction to techniques for measuring the performances of concurrent engineering and for comparing its economic effectiveness with that of traditional engineering. The next chapter deals with open systems software standards and how to use open systems products effectively in concurrent engineering. The discussion then turns to concurrent product design and manufacturing; the essential issues involved in design-decision support in concurrent/simultane... engineering; design for manufacturing and assembly and concurrent engineering in electro-optical systems; and the use of visualization in concurrent engineering. The use of multimedia presentation techniques and technology in the concurrent engineering process is also considered, along with techniques in technical documentation. This monograph will be useful to students, academicians, practicing professionals, and research workers.

  • Beam Processing Technologies

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 21
    • Norman G. Einspruch + 2 more
    • English
    Beam Processing Technologies is a collection of papers that deals with the miniaturization of devices that will be faster, consume less power, and cost less per operation or fabrication. One paper discusses metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit technology including the operation of devices whose lateral and vertical dimensions are scaled down. If the devices' silicon doping profiles are increased by the same scale factor, they can operate on lower voltages and currents, with the same performance. Another paper describes laser beam processing and wafer-scale integration as techniques to increase the number of devices on a silicon chip. Electron beam technologies can be used in many fabrication processes such as in microlithography, selective oxidation, doping, metrology. Ion beam applications depend on the presence of the ion introduced into the device (e.g. implantation doping), on pseudoelastic collisions (e.g. physical sputtering or crystal damage), and on inelastic scattering (e.g. polymer resist exposure). Silicon molecular beam epitaxy (SiMBE) can also grow high-quality layers at low temperature, particularly concerning germanium, especially as reagrds the growth system design and utilization of n- and p-type doping. Chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) is another epitaxial growth technique that can surpass MBE and metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MO-CVD). The collection is suitable chemical engineers, industrial physicists, and researchers whose work involve micro-fabrication and development of integrated circuits.

  • VLSI and Computer Architecture

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 20
    • Ravi Shankar + 1 more
    • Norman G. Einspruch
    • English
    VLSI Electronics Microstructure Science, Volume 20: VLSI and Computer Architecture reviews the approaches in design principles and techniques and the architecture for computer systems implemented in VLSI. This volume is divided into two parts. The first section is concerned with system design. Chapters under this section focus on the discussion of such topics as the evolution of VLSI; system performance and processor design considerations; and VLSI system design and processing tools. Part II of the book focuses on the architectural possibilities that have become cost effective with the development of VLSI circuits. Topics on architectural requirements and various architectures such as the Reduced Instruction Set, Extended Von Neumann, Language-Oriented, and Microprogrammable architectures are elaborated in detail. Also included are chapters that discuss the evaluation of architecture, multiprocessing configurations, and the future of VLSI. Computer designers, those evaluating computer systems, researchers, and students of computer architecture will find the book very useful.

  • Advances in Control Systems

    Theory and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 5
    • C. T. Leondes
    • English
    Advances in Control Systems: Theory and Applications, Volume 5 provides information pertinent to the significant progress in the field of control and systems theory and applications. This book presents the problem of the optimal control of a system. Organized into six chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the fundamental conditions in the calculus of variations that are basic to the optimal control problem. This text then examines one of the basic problems in control and systems theory in general. Other chapters consider a number of rather basic results in optimal nonlinear filtering and describe the characteristic function of the state of vector of a nonlinear system. This book discusses as well a significant application area of control and systems theory, which is the optimal control of nuclear reactors. The final chapter deals with optimal control with bounds on the state variables. This book is a valuable resource for practicing engineers.

  • Advances in Cell Culture

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 5
    • Karl Maramorosch
    • English
    Advances in Cell Culture, Volume 5 is a compilation of research papers in the field of cell culture. The contributions reflect the thinking and accomplishments of those who are in the forefront of the broad field of cell culture. This volume contains chapters that describe hybrids of pancreatic islet and insulinoma cells; cultured chondrocytes and their applications in pharmacology; human blood cells for studying measles virus replication; and genetic studies of influenza virus in cultured cells. The rapid cultivation of various species of trees from isolated plant cells and the diverse applications of tree tissue culture are the focus of one chapter. The uses of invertebrate cell lines of mosquitoes, Drosophila, and lepidopteran species as tools for research in physiology, development, and genetics as well as for biochemical and hormonal studies are discussed in three chapters. Another contribution covers the in vitro cultivation of avian coccidia. The volume ends with a historical account of the development of cell banking and of quality control. Also included is a biographical sketch of Harry Eagle, whose pioneering work on defined media has had an enormous impact on cell culture. Cell biologists and researchers who use in vitro techniques will find the book highly informative and insightful.

  • Advances in Cell Culture

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 4
    • Karl Maramorosch
    • English
    Advances in Cell Culture, Volume 4 is a compilation of research papers in the field of cell culture. The contributions reflect the thinking and accomplishments of those who are in the forefront of the broad field of cell culture. This volume contains chapters that are devoted to basic aspects such as cell shape and growth control in vitro, morphological and cytochemical changes occurring during muscle culture of human myopathies, and the biology of cultured human colon tumor cells. The structure and application of microcarriers and hybridoma technology; the establishment of cell lines from human solid tumors; the use of invertebrate organ culture for the study of spermiogenesis; and the study of mycotoxin action on invertebrate cells are presented as well. Also included is a biographical sketch of George Gey, who had a profound impact on cell culture. Cell biologists and researchers who use in vitro techniques will find the book highly informative and insightful.

  • VLSI Electronics Microstructure Science

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 7
    • Norman G. Einspruch
    • English
    VLSI Electronics: Microstructure Science, Volume 7 presents a comprehensive exposition and assessment of the developments and trends in VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) electronics. This treatise covers subjects that range from microscopic aspects of materials behavior and device performance to the comprehension of VLSI in systems applications. Each chapter is prepared by a recognized authority. The topics contained in this volume include a basic introduction to the application of superconductivity in high-speed digital systems; the expected impact of VLSI technology on the implementation of AI (artificial intelligence); the limits to improvement of silicon integrated circuits; and the various spontaneous noise sources in VLSI circuits and their effect on circuit operation. Scientists, engineers, researchers, device designers, and systems architects will find the book very useful.

  • Advances in Software Science and Technology

    • 1st Edition
    • Yoshio Ohno + 2 more
    • English
    Advances in Software Science and Technology, Volume 2 provides information pertinent to the advancement of the science and technology of computer software. This book discusses the various applications for computer systems. Organized into four parts encompassing 12 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of categorical frameworks that are widely used to represent data types in computer science. This text then provides an algorithm for generating vertices of a smoothed polygonal line from the vertices of a digital curve or polygonal curve whose position contains a certain amount of error. Other chapters consider a system that automatically synthesizes a program from a specification written in natural language. The final chapter deals with the rules for submission of English papers that will be published, which includes papers that are reports of academic research by members of the Society. This book is a valuable resource for scientists and research workers.

  • VLSI Electronics

    Microstructure Science
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 4
    • Norman G. Einspruch
    • English
    VLSI Electronics: Microstructure Science, Volume 4 reviews trends for the future of very large scale integration (VLSI) electronics and the scientific base that supports its development. This book discusses the silicon-on-insulator for VLSI and VHSIC, X-ray lithography, and transient response of electron transport in GaAs using the Monte Carlo method. The technology and manufacturing of high-density magnetic-bubble memories, metallic superlattices, challenge of education for VLSI, and impact of VLSI on medical signal processing are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the impact of VLSI technology on the design of intelligent measurement instruments and systems. This volume is valuable to scientists and engineers who wish to become familiar with VLSI electronics, device designers concerned with the fundamental character of and limitations to device performance, systems architects who will be charged with tying VLSI circuits together, and engineers conducting work on the utilization of VLSI circuits in specific areas of application.

  • Materials and Process Characterization

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 6
    • Norman G. Einspruch + 1 more
    • English
    VLSI Electronics: Microstructure Science, Volume 6: Materials and Process Characterization addresses the problem of how to apply a broad range of sophisticated materials characterization tools to materials and processes used for development and production of very large scale integration (VLSI) electronics. This book discusses the various characterization techniques, such as Auger spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, X-ray topography, transmission electron microscopy, and spreading resistance. The systematic approach to the technologies of VLSI electronic materials and device manufacture are also considered. This volume is beneficial to materials scientists, chemists, and engineers who are commissioned with the responsibility of developing and implementing the production of materials and devices to support the VLSI era.

  • Advances in Control Systems

    Theory and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 3
    • C. T. Leondes
    • English
    Advances in Control Systems: Theory and Applications, Volume 3 provides information pertinent to the significant progress in the field of automatic control. This book presents the leading areas of application of some of the more advanced control techniques in the field of aerospace vehicles. Organized into six chapters, this volume begins with an overview of several topics, including space vehicle orbit determination, space vehicle rendezvous guidance and control methods, and reentry vehicle guidance and control. This text then examines the solution of the reference control input or trajectory problem by the quaslinearization or generalized Newton–Raphson operator technique. Other chapters consider the basic problem of existence of optimal control and discuss the application of Kalman filtering techniques to nonlinear system problems. This book discusses as well the role of existence theorems in optimal control. The final chapter deals with the application areas of state-space techniques. This book is a valuable resource for aerospace engineers.

  • Metal – Semiconductor Contacts and Devices

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 13
    • Simon S. Cohen + 1 more
    • Norman G. Einspruch
    • English
    VLSI Electronics Microstructure Science, Volume 13: Metal-Semiconductor Contacts and Devices presents the physics, technology, and applications of metal-semiconductor barriers in digital integrated circuits. The emphasis is placed on the interplay among the theory, processing, and characterization techniques in the development of practical metal-semiconductor contacts and devices. This volume contains chapters that are devoted to the discussion of the physics of metal-semiconductor interfaces and its basic phenomena; fabrication procedures; and interface characterization techniques, particularly, ohmic contacts. Contacts that involve polycrystalline silicon; applications of the metal-semiconductor barriers in MOS, bipolar, and MESFET digital integrated circuits; and methods for measuring the barrier height are covered as well. Process engineers, device physicists, circuit designers, and students of this discipline will find the book very useful.

  • VLSI Electronics

    Microstructure Science
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • Norman G. Einspruch
    • English

  • Advances in Software Science and Technology

    • 1st Edition
    • Hiroyasu Kakuda + 2 more
    • English
    Advances in Software Science and Technology, Volume 3 provides information pertinent to the advancement of the science and technology of computer software. This book discusses the various applications for computer systems. Organized into two parts encompassing 11 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the development of a system of writing tools called SUIKOU that analyzes a machine-readable Japanese document textually. This text then presents the conditioned attribute grammars (CAGs) and a system for evaluating them that can be applied to natural-language processing. Other chapters consider an object-oriented implementation of TCP/IP network protocols, which are based on a connection-oriented implementation model. This book discusses as well the grammar and semantics of RACCO and explains its formal semantics and implementation. The final chapter deals with the rules for submission of English papers that will be published, which includes papers that are reports of academic research by members of the Society. This book is a valuable resource for scientists and research workers.

  • Advances in Control Systems

    Theory and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • C. T. Leondes
    • English
    Advances in Control Systems: Theory and Applications, Volume 1 provides information pertinent to the significant progress in the field of automatic control. This book presents several fundamental approaches to algorithms for the determination of optimum control inputs to a system. Organized into six chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the optimal method of controlling a given system with respect to the given criterion of performance. This text then summarizes some of the basic results of the maximum principle and illustrates how they may be exploited in control system studies. Other chapters consider the fundamental approach underlying almost all the existing works on the control of distributed parameter systems. This book discusses as well some important concepts in the theory of optimal control. The final chapter deals with the problem of controlling processes under the condition of uncertain changes in the process to be controlled. This book is a valuable resource for practicing engineers, applied mathematicians, and scientists.

  • Advances in Software Science and Technology

    • 1st Edition
    • Teruo Hikita + 2 more
    • English
    Advances in Software Science and Technology, Volume 4 provides information pertinent to the advancement of the science and technology of computer software. This book discusses the various applications for computer systems. Organized into two parts encompassing 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the historical survey of programming languages for vector/parallel computers in Japan and describes compiling methods for supercomputers in Japan. This text then explains the model of a Japanese software factory, which is presented by the logical configuration that has been satisfied by the semantics of software engineering. Other chapters consider fluent joint as an algorithm that operates on relations organized as multidimensional linear hash files. The final chapter deals with the rules for submission of English papers that will be published, which includes papers that are reports of academic research by members of the Society. This book is a valuable resource for scientists, software engineers, and research workers.

  • Advances in Cell Culture

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • Karl Maramorosch
    • English
    Advances in Cell Culture, Volume 1 is a compendium of critical reviews in the field of cell culture. The chapters in the book are prepared by recognized authorities in their specialized fields. The text deals with all the aspects of cell culture, which includes the growth of individual cells or cell populations, the growth of small fragments of explanted tissue, the growth of organs, and the growth of obligate parasites in cell culture systems. This volume contains research papers that discuss vertebrate, invertebrate, and plant cell culture, as well as the cultivation of obligate parasites. The book also focuses on specific topics in cell culture such as the past and future developments in the field of genetic manipulation; evaluation of antiviral compounds in cell cultures with acute or persistent virus infections; propagation of malaria parasites in vitro; regulation of plant organogenesis; and insect cells for insect virus production. Cell biologists and researchers who use in vitro techniques will find the book highly informative and insightful.

  • Advances in Cell Culture

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 7
    • Karl Maramorosch + 1 more
    • English
    Advances in Cell Culture, Volume 7 is a compilation of research papers in the field of cell culture. The contributions reflect the applications of in vitro techniques of cell culture to biotechnology, reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of the methods. This volume covers the cultivation of fish and crustacean cells; gene transfer in insect cells; and the study of bacterial protein toxins using vertebrate cells. The fusion of plant protoplasts by electromanipulation; anther and microspore cultivation; gene transfer to induce morphogenesis; formation of phenolic compounds in cells and tissues in vitro; and new media and culture systems for the large-scale production of insect cells are discussed as well. Also included in the book is a biographical sketch of the 1986 Nobel Laureate Rita Levi-Montalcini, the developmental biologist who identified the nerve growth factor (NGF), a protein that is necessary for the growth, development, and maintenance of nerve cells in the peripheral nervous system and, apparently, also in the brain. Cell biologists and researchers who use in vitro techniques will find the book highly informative and insightful.

  • GaAs Microelectronics

    VLSI Electronics Microstructure Science
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 11
    • Norman G. Einspruch + 1 more
    • English
    VLSI Electronics Microstructure Science, Volume 11: GaAs Microelectronics presents the important aspects of GaAs (Gallium Arsenide) IC technology development ranging from materials preparation and IC fabrication to wafer evaluation and chip packaging. The volume is comprised of eleven chapters. Chapter 1 traces the historical development of GaAs technology for high-speed and high-frequency applications. This chapter summarizes the important properties of GaAs that serve to make this material and its related compounds technologically important. Chapter 2 covers GaAs substrate growth, ion implantation and annealing, and materials characterization, technologies that are essential for IC development. Chapters 3-6 describe the various IC technologies that are currently under development. These include microwave and digital MESFET ICs, the most mature technologies, and bipolar and field-effect heterostructure transistor ICs. The high-speed capability of GaAs ICs introduces new problems, on-wafer testing and packaging. These topics are discussed in Chapters 7 and 8. Applications for GaAs ICs are covered in Chapters 9 and 10. The first of these chapters is concerned with high speed computer applications; the second addresses military applications. The book concludes with a chapter on radiation effects in GaAs ICs. Scientists, engineers, researchers, device designers, and systems architects will find the book useful.

  • VLSI in Medicine

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 17
    • Norman G. Einspruch + 1 more
    • English
    VLSI Electronics Microstructure Science, Volume 17: VLSI in Medicine deals with the more important applications of VLSI in medical devices and instruments. This volume is comprised of 11 chapters. It begins with an article about medical electronics. The following three chapters cover diagnostic imaging, focusing on such medical devices as magnetic resonance imaging, neurometric analyzer, and ultrasound. Chapters 5, 6, and 7 present the impact of VLSI in cardiology. The electrocardiograph, implantable cardiac pacemaker, and the use of VLSI in Holter monitoring are detailed in these chapters. The neurostimulator is described in Chapter 8. Chapter 9 discusses both implantable and external drug infusion pumps and describes the use of VLSI in a particular external pump. The last two chapters cover topics that apply to the entire field of medical electronics. Engineers, scientists, medical practitioners and researchers will find the book very useful.

  • Geomorphological Fieldwork

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 18
    • English
    Geomorphological Fieldwork addresses a topic that always remains popular within the geosciences and environmental science. More specifically, the volume conveys a growing legacy of field-based learning for young geomorphologists that can be used as a student book for field-based university courses and postgraduate research requiring fieldwork or field schools. The editors have much experience of field-based learning within geomorphology and extend this to physical geography. The topics covered are relevant to basic geomorphology as well as applied approaches in environmental and cultural geomorphology. The book integrates a physical-human approach to geography, but focuses on physical geography and geomorphology from an integrated field-based geoscience perspective.

  • Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 7
    • George T. Tsao
    • English
    Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes, Volume 7 deliberates the significant developments in fermentation processes. This book discusses the production and applications of Trichoderma reesei cellulase, microbial utilization of gaseous alkanes, and growth of mycelium and mushroom. The immobilized cells in sensing devices, economic aspects of fermentation processes, and impact of biotechnology on the health care industry are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the industrial mammalian cell culture, microbial biomass from renewables, and by-products from lignocellulosic materials. Other topics include the MB production by mixed cultures, costs of fermentation processes, and fermentations classified by carbon substrate. This volume is a good reference for students and researchers interested in fermentation research and developments.

  • Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 6
    • George T. Tsao
    • English
    Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes, Volume 6 focuses on the significant developments in fermentation processes. This book discusses the application of immobilized living microbial cells, aerobic high-rate process for concentrated wastes, and large-scale cell culture technology. The gas-liquid mass transfer fermentation step, aeration devices, relative motion of cells and medium, and enzymes of industrial interest are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the microbial sensors for waste waters control, ventures in yeast utilization, and advances in D-xylose conversion by yeasts. Other topics include the effect of high energy radiation on lignocellulose, interaction between the solid substrate and the enzyme, and control and operation of fed-batch processes. This volume is valuable to students and researchers aiming to acquire knowledge of fermentation research and developments.

  • Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • D. Perlman
    • English
    Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes, Volume 2 focuses on fermentation research and developments. This book discusses the production of fermentable sugars from cellulosic materials, fermentation products from cellulosic materials, and models and methods for computer control of fermenters. The kinetic hysteresis in enzyme and fermentation systems, immobilization methods, and process control on cultivation of microorganisms are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the yeast-derived products, nuclear modified cephalosporins, and biosynthetic pathways and metabolic regulation. Other topics include the microbial transformations of antibiotics and cytotoxic and antitumor compounds from fermentations. This volume is a good source for students and specialists conducting work on the significant developments concerning fermentation processes.

  • Big Data in Ecology

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 51
    • English
    The theme of this volume is big data in ecology.

  • Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 5
    • George T. Tsao
    • English
    Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes, Volume 5 reviews fermentation research and developments. This book discusses the aeration and mixing in fermentation, growth and enzyme production, and production of nucleic acid-related compounds. The recombinant DNA systems for application to antibiotic fermentation in Streptomyces, methods for the measurement of oxygen transfer in microbial systems, and growth and dynamics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the thermophilic saccharide fermentations and fermentation process modeling and control. Other topics include the biochemical engineering aspects of amino acids and nucleosides fermentation, metabolism of glucose, and fermentation process analysis. This volume is suitable for students and researchers concerned with the significant developments in fermentation processes.

  • Advances in Photovoltaics: Part 3

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 90
    • English
    This volume is the third of a set of seven on the topic of photovoltaics. Solar cell-related technologies covered here include: ribbon silicon; heterojunction crystalline silicon; wafer equivalent crystalline silicon; and other advanced silicon solar cell structures and processes. Semiconductors and Semimetals has distinguished itself through the careful selection of well-known authors, editors, and contributors. Originally widely known as the "Willardson and Beer" Series, it has succeeded in publishing numerous landmark volumes and chapters. The series publishes timely, highly relevant volumes intended for long-term impact and reflecting the truly interdisciplinary nature of the field. The volumes in Semiconductors and Semimetals have been and will continue to be of great interest to physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and device engineers in academia, scientific laboratories and modern industry.

  • Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • D. Perlman
    • English
    Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes, Volume 1 furnishes a critical account of significant developments concerning fermentation processes. This book discusses the mutation, selection, and optimization of mutagenesis; fermentation substrates; and published accounts of computer-coupled fermentation systems. The waste materials as SCP substrates, immobilized cell processes, and microbial transformations of organic compounds are also elaborated. This publication likewise covers the microbiological and enzymatic conversion of ß-lactam antibiotics, microbiological production of chemical feedstocks, and aeration systems and their performance. Other topics include the toxicology and regulation of enzyme use, general considerations of immobilized enzyme systems, mutational biosynthesis, and biotransformations and the role of precursors. This volume is a good reference for students and researchers interested in fermentation research and developments.

  • Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 8
    • George T. Tsao
    • English
    Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes, Volume 8 emphasizes the significant developments in fermentation processes. This book discusses the formation of protosomes with yeast proteins, kinetics of the inhibition of yeast growth and fermentation by ethanol, and bioseparation by cartridge chromatography. The concentration polarization and shear deactivation of protein during ultrafiltration/diaf... and chromatographic purification of semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotics are also elaborated. This publication likewise covers the regulation of cellulolytic activity, computer aids for teaching biotechnology, and steroid bioconversions. Other topics include the cellulose pretreatments and modeling of adsorption kinetics of cellulases in cellulose column. This volume is useful to students and researchers conducting work on fermentation research and developments.

  • Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 4
    • George T. Tsao
    • English
    Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes, Volume 4 considers the significant developments concerning fermentation processes. This book discusses the practical mixed culture processes, microbial fermentation or use of sugar from food wastes, and microbial ecology and physiology of lignin degradation. The immobilized cells for a single enzyme reaction, antibiotics affecting membrane permeability, and direct microbiological conversion of cellulosics to ethanol are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the application of genetics to the fermentation industry and large-scale production of crude interferon. Other topics include the improvement of alcohol production by recombinant DNA techniques and evaluation of N2 fixation and H2 production in fermentation culture. This volume is recommended for students and researchers conducting work on fermentation research and developments.

  • VLSI Design

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 14
    • Norman G. Einspruch
    • English
    VLSI Electronics Microstructure Science, Volume 14: VLSI Design presents a comprehensive exposition and assessment of the developments and trends in VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) electronics. This volume covers topics that range from microscopic aspects of materials behavior and device performance to the comprehension of VLSI in systems applications. Each article is prepared by a recognized authority. The subjects discussed in this book include VLSI processor design methodology; the RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer); the VLSI testing program; silicon compilers for VLSI; and specialized silicon compiler and programmable chip for language recognition. Scientists, engineers, researchers, device designers, and systems architects will find the book very useful.

  • Lithography for VLSI

    VLSI Electronics Microstructure Science
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 16
    • Norman G. Einspruch + 1 more
    • English
    VLSI Electronics Microstructure Science, Volume 16: Lithography for VLSI treats special topics from each branch of lithography, and also contains general discussion of some lithographic methods. This volume contains 8 chapters that discuss the various aspects of lithography. Chapters 1 and 2 are devoted to optical lithography. Chapter 3 covers electron lithography in general, and Chapter 4 discusses electron resist exposure modeling. Chapter 5 presents the fundamentals of ion-beam lithography. Mask/wafer alignment for x-ray proximity printing and for optical lithography is tackled in Chapter 6. Chapters 7 and 8 on metrology deal with the characterization of lithography by measurements of various types. Engineers, scientists, and technical managers in the semiconductor industry, and engineering and applied physics faculty and graduate students will find the text very useful.

  • Handbook of Magnetic Materials

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 23
    • K.H.J. Buschow
    • English
    Over the last few decades magnetism has seen an enormous expansion into a variety of different areas of research, notably the magnetism of several classes of novel materials that share with truly ferromagnetic materials only the presence of magnetic moments. Volume 23 of the Handbook of Magnetic Materials, like the preceding volumes, has a dual purpose. With contributions from leading authorities in the field, it includes a variety of self-contained introductions to a given area in the field of magnetism without requiring recourse to the published literature. It is also a reference for scientists active in magnetism research, providing readers with novel trends and achievements in magnetism. In each of these articles an extensive description is given in graphical as well as in tabular form, with much emphasis being placed on the discussion of the experimental material within the framework of physics, chemistry and material science.

  • Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 3
    • D. Perlman
    • English
    Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes, Volume 3 describes fermentation research and developments. This book discusses the stimulation of innovation in the fermentation industries, genetics of industrial microorganisms, and fundamental studies on interphase mass transfer. The proposed model for the regulation of cellulase biosynthesis, single-cell protein from C1 compounds, semisynthetic ß-lactam antibiotics, and peptides and macromolecular compounds are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the control mechanism of purine nucleotide biosynthesis, microbial transformations of steroids, and mushroom cultivation as the oldest single cell protein. This volume is beneficial to students and researchers concerned with significant developments concerning fermentation processes.

  • Plasma Processing for VLSI

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 8
    • Norman G. Einspruch + 1 more
    • English
    VLSI Electronics: Microstructure Science, Volume 8: Plasma Processing for VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) discusses the utilization of plasmas for general semiconductor processing. It also includes expositions on advanced deposition of materials for metallization, lithographic methods that use plasmas as exposure sources and for multiple resist patterning, and device structures made possible by anisotropic etching. This volume is divided into four sections. It begins with the history of plasma processing, a discussion of some of the early developments and trends for VLSI. The second section, Deposition, discusses deposition techniques for VLSI such as sputtering metals for metallization and contacts, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of metals and suicides, and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of dielectrics. The part on Lithography presents the high-resolution trilayer resist system, pulsed x-ray sources for submicrometer x-ray lithography, and high-intensity deep-UV sources. The last part, Etching, provides methods in etching, like ion-beam etching using reactive gases, low-pressure reactive ion etching, and the uses of inert-gas ion milling. The theory and mechanisms of plasma etching are described and a number of new device structures made possible by anisotropic etching are enumerated as well. Scientists, engineers, researchers, device designers, and systems architects will find the book useful.

  • VLSI Electronics

    Microstructure Science
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 3
    • Norman G. Einspruch
    • English
    VLSI Electronics: Microstructure Science, Volume 3 evaluates trends for the future of very large scale integration (VLSI) electronics and the scientific base that supports its development. This book discusses the impact of VLSI on computer architectures; VLSI design and design aid requirements; and design, fabrication, and performance of CCD imagers. The approaches, potential, and progress of ultra-high-speed GaAs VLSI; computer modeling of MOSFETs; and numerical physics of micron-length and submicron-length semiconductor devices are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the optical linewidth measurements on photomasks and wafers and effects of materials technology and fabrication tolerances on guided-wave optical communication and signal processing. This volume is recommended for scientists and engineers who wish to become familiar with VLSI electronics, device designers concerned with the fundamental character of and limitations to device performance, systems architects who will be charged with tying VLSI circuits together, and engineers conducting work on the utilization of VLSI circuits in specific areas of application.

  • Advances in Cell Culture

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 3
    • Karl Maramorosch
    • English
    Advances in Cell Culture, Volume 3 is a compilation of articles in the field of cell culture. The chapters in the book are prepared by recognized authorities in their specialized fields. The text deals with all the aspects of cell culture, which includes the growth of individual cells or cell populations, the growth of small fragments of explanted tissue, the growth of organs, and the growth of obligate parasites in cell culture systems. This volume provides reviews of important aspects of in vitro cultivation and presents the increasing understanding of the wide ramifications of in vitro techniques. The book also focuses on specific topics in cell culture such as protoplasts and plant viruses; applications of flow cytometry to tissue culture systems; plant tissue culture systems for screening of plant growth regulators; growth factors and hemopoietic cell differentiation; and mosquito cell culture. A chapter is also devoted to a biographical sketch of Philip R. White, remembered for his pioneering plant tissue culture work and his contributions to animal cell culture and to in vitro research as a whole. Cell biologists and researchers who use in vitro techniques will find the book highly informative and insightful.

  • Advances in Control Systems

    Theory and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 6
    • C. T. Leondes
    • English
    Advances in Control Systems: Theory and Applications, Volume 6 provides information pertinent to the significant progress in the field of control and systems theory and applications. This book presents the higher level of automata, which represent the embodiment of the application of artificial intelligence techniques to control system design and may be described as self-organizing systems. Organized into four chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the existing technology in learning control system. This text then demonstrates how to apply artificial intelligence techniques to the designs of off-line and on-line learning control systems. Other chapters consider the decomposition methods and the associated multilevel optimization techniques applicable to control system optimization problems. This book discusses as well the complex optimal system control problems applied to the trajectory optimization problem. The final chapter deals with systems described by partial differential equations. This book is a valuable resource for control system engineers.

  • Advances in Space Science and Technology

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 10
    • Frederick I. Ordway
    • English
    Advances in Space Science and Technology, Volume 10 provides information pertinent to the developments in space science and technology. This book discusses the logistic and shelter construction, environment, and transportation aspects of Antarctic and lunar exploration. Organized into five chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the comparison of the lunar exploration program with the exploration of Antarctica. This text then explores the surface geology of the planet Mars wherein the study emphasizes that water erosion transport does not exist, that an oxidizing atmosphere is absent, and that wind erosion must be minimal. Other chapters consider the problems associated with navigation aboard spaceships traveling between the stars. This book discusses as well the inadequacy of space communication systems as a means of providing an instantaneous and uninterrupted service. The final chapter deals with predictions about the utility of space flight. This book is a valuable resource for readers who are interested in space science and technology.

  • Advances in Space Science and Technology

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 11
    • Frederick I. Ordway
    • English
    Advances in Space Science and Technology, Volume 11 provides information pertinent to the developments in space science and technology. This book presents the advances in both solar and cosmic X-ray astronomy, all made possible by instruments carried in high altitude balloons, in rockets, and in orbiting satellites. Organized into eight chapters, this volume begins with an overview of solar X-ray phenomena. This text then examines the aspect of manned space flight, with focus on nutrition for astronaut flight crews. Other chapters consider how oxygen may be secured as a result of electrolyzing lunar rocks. This book discusses as well the significance of the Skylab experiments in the context of their disciplines and the part they play in the continuing evolution of space operations. The final chapter deals with the educational satellite, which is one of the most challenging of all practical applications of space technology. This book is a valuable resource for readers who are interested in space science and technology.

  • Advances in Software Science and Technology

    • 1st Edition
    • Reiji Nakajima + 2 more
    • English
    Advances in Software Science and Technology, Volume 1 provides information pertinent to the advancement of the science and technology of computer software. This book discusses the various applications for computer systems. Organized into three parts encompassing 13 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the phase structure grammar for Japanese called JPSG, and a parser based on this grammar. This text then explores the logic-based knowledge representation called Uranus, which uses a multiple world mechanism. Other chapters consider the optimal file segmentation techniques for multi-attribute files and describe the colored-binary-trie segmentation schemes. This book discusses as well the five methods for transforming attribute grammars into efficient action routines. The final chapter deals with the rules for submission of English papers that will be published, which includes papers that are reports of academic research by members of the Society. This book is a valuable resource for scientists and research workers.

  • Flashback Mechanisms in Lean Premixed Gas Turbine Combustion

    • 1st Edition
    • Ali Cemal Benim + 1 more
    • English
    Blending fuels with hydrogen offers the potential to reduce NOx and CO2 emissions in gas turbines, but doing so introduces potential new problems such as flashback. Flashback can lead to thermal overload and destruction of hardware in the turbine engine, with potentially expensive consequences. The little research on flashback that is available is fragmented. Flashback Mechanisms in Lean Premixed Gas Turbine Combustion by Ali Cemal Benim will address not only the overall issue of the flashback phenomenon, but also the issue of fragmented and incomplete research.

  • Advances in Control Systems

    Theory and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 8
    • C. T. Leondes
    • English
    Advances in Control Systems: Theory and Applications, Volume 8 provides information pertinent to significant progress in the field of control and systems theory and applications. This book focuses on applications to large-scale systems. Organized into seven chapters, this volume begins with an overview of an effective algorithm for dynamic system organization with state variable constraints. This text then explores a number of effective techniques for the analysis and syntheses of final value control systems. Other chapters consider some significant problems associated with the practical application of Kalman Filter techniques. This book discusses as well the most significant and fundamental work on the international scene in the development of effective algorithms for dynamic system optimization. The final chapter deals with the application of modern control methods of complex industrial process control problems. This book is a valuable resource for mathematicians, control system engineers, physical scientists, economists, econometricians, and research workers.

  • Control and Dynamic Systems

    Advances in Theory and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 12
    • C. T. Leondes
    • English
    Control and Dynamic Systems: Advances in Theory and Applications reviews progress in the field of control and dynamic systems theory and applications, with emphasis on filtering and stochastic control in dynamic systems. Topics include linear and nonlinear filtering techniques; concepts and methods in stochastic control; and discrete-time optical stochastic observers. The theory of disturbance-accommod... controllers is also presented. Comprised of nine chapters, this volume begins with an overview of filtering and stochastic control in dynamic systems, followed by a discussion on linear and nonlinear filtering techniques. The reader is then introduced to concepts and methods in stochastic control, as well as the innovations process and its applications to sensitivity analysis and system identification. Subsequent chapters focus on the status of observer theory and its major results as applied to discrete-time linear systems; the properties of the class of discrete-time Riccati equations that arise in the filtering problem; and the theory of disturbance-accommod... controllers. The identification of noise characteristics in a Kalman filter and estimation of adaptive minimum variance in discrete-time linear systems round out the book. This monograph will be useful to practicing technologists and research workers interested in filtering and stochastic control in dynamic systems.

  • Control and Dynamic Systems

    Advances in Theory and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 11
    • C. T. Leondes
    • English
    Control and Dynamic Systems: Advances in Theory and Applications reviews progress in the field of control and dynamic systems theory and applications. Topics include multistage models and fitting them to input/output data; computer-aided control systems design techniques; multilevel optimization of multiple arc trajectories; and nonlinear smoothing techniques. Solutions of dynamic games are also considered, and a survey of Soviet contributions to control theory is presented. Comprised of six chapters, this volume begins with a discussion on a number of important issues with respect to the modeling of a dynamic system, the beginning point for the resolution of the system synthesis problem. Issues with respect to the utilization of the Kalman filter as a concise model for the identification of a large class of dynamic systems are explored, along with computational and convergence issues. The application of computer-aided design techniques to control engineering problems is the subject of the next chapter. The book also evaluates multilevel systems optimization techniques and their application to a rather complex systems problem before concluding with an overview of the evolutionary growth of Soviet contributions to control theory. This monograph will be useful to mathematicians and engineers.

  • Control and Dynamic Systems

    Advances in Theory and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 10
    • C. T. Leondes
    • English
    Control and Dynamic Systems: Advances in Theory and Applications, Volume 10 brings together diverse information on important progress in the field of control and systems theory and applications. This volume is comprised of contributions from leading researchers in the field. Topics discussed include the evaluation of suboptimal strategies using quasilinearization; aircraft symmetric flight optimization; aircraft maneuver optimization by reduced-order approximation; and differential dynamic programming. Estimation of uncertain systems; application of modern control and optimization techniques to transportation systems; and integrated system identification and optimization are also elucidated. Aerospace engineers and scientists and researchers in applied sciences will find the book interesting.

  • Control and Dynamic Systems

    Advances in Theory and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 9
    • C. T. Leondes
    • English
    Control and Dynamic Systems: Advances in Theory and Applications, Volume 9 brings together diverse information on important progress in the field of control and systems theory and applications. This volume is comprised of contributions from leading researchers in the field. Topics covered include optimal observer techniques for linear discrete time systems; application of sensitivity constrained optimal control to national economic policy formulation; and modified quasilinearization method for mathematical programming problems and optimal control problems. Dynamic decision theory and techniques and closed loop formulations of optimal control problems for minimum sensitivity are also elaborated. Engineers and scientists in applied physics will find the book interesting.

  • Advances in Control Systems

    Theory and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • C. T. Leondes
    • English
    Advances in Control Systems: Theory and Applications, Volume 2 provides information pertinent to the significant progress in the field of automatic control. This book presents different methods for generating Liapunov functions, which is important in the analysis of nonlinear systems. Organized into five chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the reduction of the important method of Liapunov to a practical working tool for the analysis of complex nonlinear systems. This text then discusses applications of the rather powerful method of dynamic programming to a complex class of problems. Other chapters consider the mathematical theory of optimal control, which is often confronted with the task of solving a system of first-order ordinary differential equations. This book discusses as well the input–output relationship of multivariable linear systems or plants. The final chapter deals with a powerful technique for design by analysis of nonlinear systems. This book is a valuable resource for mathematicians and engineers.

Related subjects