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Elsevier

Books in Environmental sciences

The Environmental Sciences titles present critical research and insights into the complex interactions within natural ecosystems, climate systems, and human impacts on the environment. Covering areas such as biodiversity, sustainability, climate change, and resource management, these titles support scientific discovery and practical solutions for addressing today’s most pressing environmental challenges. This collection is essential for researchers, policymakers, and students dedicated to advancing environmental understanding and stewardship

  • Functional Adaptations of Marine Organisms

    • 1st Edition
    • F. John Vernberg + 1 more
    • English
    Functional Adaptations of Marine Organisms gives an insight into the functional adaptations of marine organisms to natural and man-made sets of environmental factors. The book presents discussions on marine habitats; physiology of marine primary producers and decomposers; and functional adaptations of animals in relation to each major ecological divisions of the sea. The book will be of value to marine biologists, biologists, botanists, and students.

  • Pollution and Physiology of Marine Organisms

    • 1st Edition
    • F. John Vernberg + 1 more
    • English
    Pollution and Physiology of Marine Organisms is a compendium of papers presented at the symposium on the effects of pollution on the physiological ecology of estuarine and coastal water organisms, held at the University of South Carolina. The collection discusses the effects of a wide variety of toxicants emitted by settlers and factories in the great majority of coastal and estuarine areas on marine organisms. The studies are divided into five sections: heavy metals, pesticides and PCBs, oil and dispersants, synergistic effects of pollutants, and various environmental parameters. Marine biologists, ecologists, environmentalists, biologists, zoologists, and researchers will find the book a good source of insight into the topic.

  • Ecology

    • 1st Edition
    • W. D. Russell-Hunter
    • English
    The Mollusca, Volume 6: Ecology provides an overview of the state of knowledge in molluscan ecology. It is part of a multivolume treatise that covers the fields of biochemistry, physiology, neurobiology, reproduction and development, evolution, ecology, medical aspects, and structure. The Mollusca is intended to serve a range of disciplines: biological, biochemical, paleontological, and medical. As a source of information on the current status of molluscan research, it should prove useful to researchers of the Mollusca and other phyla, as well as to teachers and qualified graduate students. The book contains 15 chapters, arranged into three levels of ecological perspective: (a) distributional studies; (b) physiological ecology and bioenergetics; and (c) population genetics and dynamics. A discussion of the planetary distribution of and ecological constraints upon the mollusca is followed by separate chapters on the life styles and distribution of mollusks on the deep-sea bottom, in mangroves, and on coral reefs; and the trophic and reproductive ecology of those intrinsically fascinating molluscan groups—the nudibranchs and cephalopods. Subsequent chapters present physiological ecology in land snails and in freshwater bivalves, prosobranchs, and pulmonates, with a survey of the techniques of actuarial bioenergetics as applied to nonmarine molluscs. Other chapters cover population dynamics and biology in an introduced pest species, population genetics of marine molluscs, ecogenetics of land snails, and life-cycle pattems throughout the major molluscan taxa.

  • Plasmids and Transposons

    Environmental Effects and Maintenance Mechanisms
    • 1st Edition
    • Colin Stuttard + 1 more
    • English
    Plasmids and Transposons: Environmental Effects and Maintenance Mechanisms explores the possibility of the usefulness of plasmids and transposons in controlling pollution. The articles in the book present evolutionary and ecological perspective on the topic. Contributors discussed such topics as aspects of the evolution of composite conjugative plasmids through acquisition of transposons; nosocomial infections; and the importance of plasmid analysis for the appropriate application of epidemiological control measures. Ecologists, environmentalists, physicians, and biologists will find the book interesting.

  • Renewable Resources a Systematic Approach

    • 1st Edition
    • Enrique Campos-López
    • English
    Renewable Resources: A Systematic Approach focuses on the use of renewable resources, presenting a multifaceted perspective on its complex process. This book analyzes the social and physical impacts of renewable resource exploitation through different approaches. The importance of photosynthesis in the production of biomass is also presented, as well as the processes of substitution technology and the possibilities of systemizing the flow of energy and materials. This publication likewise covers the management of renewable resources from humid tropics and semiarid zones and components of non-renewability, which unavoidably will be more and more linked to the exploitation of renewable resources. This compilation is valuable to biologists who search for new techniques for the massive propagation of plants, as well as chemists who intend to acquire knowledge of chemical alternatives for the conversion of many sources of raw materials and energy to cellulose.

  • Instrumentation, Control and Automation of Water and Wastewater Treatment and Transport Systems

    Proceedings of the 5th IAWPRC Workshop Held in Yokohama and Kyoto, Japan, 26 July–3 August 1990
    • 1st Edition
    • R. Briggs
    • English
    Instrumentation, Control and Automation of Water and Wastewater Treatment and Transport Systems documents the proceedings of the 5th IAWPRC Workshop held in Yokohama and Kyoto, Japan, 26 July-3 August 1990. The papers presented at this Workshop have emphasized the following aspects: • new sensor technology based on developments in electrochemistry, fiber optics, and electro-optics; • research into materials such as those needed to produce membranes of the required selectivity, for immobilization of reactive species, and for addition of reagents and standards; • the use of inferential measurements coupled with expert system technology; • the ever-increasing power of microprocessors and the continuing reduction in their unit costs; • better communications capability; • improved mathematical modeling; • an increased awareness of the improved management that results from the timely availability of relevant data to the appropriate levels in the management hierarchy. This book, together with the proceedings of previous workshops, provides what is probably the most comprehensive account of the state of the art and recent developments in instrumentation, control, and automation as applied to the water and water-using industries, and as such will be invaluable to the practitioner, the researcher, and the student community.

  • Introduction to Emergency Management

    • 5th Edition
    • George Haddow + 2 more
    • English
    Introduction to Emergency Management, Fifth Edition, offers a fully up-to-date analysis of US emergency management principles. In addition to expanding coverage of risk management in a time of climate change and terrorism, Haddow, Bullock, and Coppola discuss the impact of new emergency management technologies, social media, and an increasing focus on recovery. They examine the effects of the 2012 election results and discuss FEMA’s controversial National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Introduction to Emergency Management, Fifth Edition, gives instructors and students the best textbook content, instructor-support materials, and online resources to prepare future EM professionals for this demanding career.

  • Ecology of Insect Vector Populations

    • 1st Edition
    • R. C. Muirhead-Thomson
    • English
    Ecology of Insect Vector Populations provides a review and appraisal of the ecology of insect vectors of disease, with particular attention to the problems of sampling adult insect vector populations. The book examines the manner in which the inter-related problems of insect ecology, behavior, and population sampling have been explored over a wide range of investigations on disease vectors. The text focuses mainly on the study of blood-sucking dipterous insects such as tse-tse flies, mosquitoes, black-flies, and midges along with the appraisal of relevant studies on house-fly and blow-fly populations. The studies of the ecology of the wingless vectors of disease or plague such as the fleas are carried out extensively. The dissertation will be of interest to medical entomologists, animal ecologists, and epidemiologists.

  • River Ecology and Man

    Proceedings of an International Symposium on River Ecology and the Impact of Man, Held at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, June 20-23, 1971
    • 1st Edition
    • Ray T. Oglesby + 2 more
    • English
    Environmental Sciences: River Ecology and Man covers papers on the subject of river ecology. The book provides a geomorphic and chemical overview of rivers, and discusses the zoological description of a river. The text also describes plant ecology in flowing water; man's impact on the Columbia river; and water quality management of the Delaware river. The uses of rivers and the human’s impact on the rivers of Columbia, Illinois, Nile, Thames, and Danube are also considered. The book further tackles regulated discharge and the stream environment; morphometric changes; and sedimentation (suspended solids). The text also looks into the effects of pesticides and industrial wastes on surface water use; the effects of radionuclides in river systems; and the multiple use of river systems. Environmental scientists, geologists, civil engineers, and scientists involved in the study of the natural resources, wildlife, and fisheries.

  • Paleoecology of Beringia

    • 1st Edition
    • David M. Hopkins + 2 more
    • English
    Paleoecology of Beringia is the product of a symposium organized by its editors, sponsored by the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, and held at the foundation's conference center in Burg Wartenstein, Austria, 8-17 June 1979. The focus of this volume is on the paradox central to all studies of the unglaciated Arctic during the last Ice Age: that vertebrate fossils indicate that from 45,000 to 11,000 years BP an environment considerably more diverse and productive than the present one existed, whereas the botanical record, where it is not silent, supports a far more conservative appraisal of the region's ability to sustain any but the sparsest forms of plant and animal life. The volume is organized into seven parts. Part 1 focuses on the paleogeography of the Beringia. The studies in Part 2 explore the ancient vegatation. Part 3 deals with the steppe-tundra concept and its application in Beringia. Part 4 examines the paleoclimate while Part 5 is devoted to the biology of surviving relatives of the Pleistocene ungulates. Part 6 takes up the presence of man in ancient Beringia. Part 7 assesses the paleoecology of Beringia during the last 40,000 years

  • Lakes of New York State

    Ecology of the Lakes of Western New York
    • 1st Edition
    • Jay A. Bloomfield
    • English
    Lakes of New York State, Volume II: Ecology of the Lakes of Western New York intensively studies four lakes in the New York State—Chautauqua Lake, Onondaga Lake, Oneida Lake, and Irondequoit Bay. This book is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 reviews the historical data of Oneida Lake that has a large base of 206.7 km2 and relatively shallow depth of 16.8 m. Irondequoit Bay is described in Chapter 2 as a lake with great recreational potential despite large inputs of municipal wastes to its tributary streams. Chapter 3 categorizes Chautauqua Lake as a productive fishery and recreational resource. Onondaga Lake is recognized in the last chapter as a receptacle for waste products due to man’s abusive activities on its shores. This volume provides interesting case studies for students or professionals interested in the impact of the activities of mankind on lakes.

  • Biological, Bacteriological and Virological Examination

    A Reference Handbook
    • 1st Edition
    • Michael J. Suess
    • English
    Examination of Water for Pollution Control: A Reference Handbook, Volume 3: Biological, Bacteriological and Virological Examination is a part of a three-volume reference handbook that provides information and recommendations for setting up water pollution control programs and establishing a unified system for the analysis of fresh and waste water. This volume covers analytical procedures relevant to the examination of water organisms. A concise and systematic description of methods, such as sampling, storage, standardization, operation, and calculation relevant in quantifying variables concerning water organisms, is provided. This book will be of great help to professionals, such as health officials and epidemiologists whose work concerns water sanitation.

  • Prehistoric Coastal Adaptations

    The Economy and Ecology of Maritime Middle America
    • 1st Edition
    • Barbara L. Stark + 1 more
    • English
    Prehistoric Coastal Adaptations: The Economy and Ecology of Maritime Middle America is a compendium of research papers and treatises on Middle American people who lived within coastal habitats. The collection aims to reveal distinctive coastal adaptations and the role of Middle American people in major social transformations. The book discusses topics on the history of occupations of certain coastal sites; correlation of site location to resource procurement patterns; settlement locations and subsistence evidence in the coastal and inland habitats of Costa Rica; and the maritime adaptation and the rise of Maya civilization. The final chapter of the book also discusses the future research directions in the study of Middle American coastal people. The text will be of value to archeologists, anthropologists, historians, ethnologists, and researchers.

  • Making Pollution Prevention Pay

    Ecology with Economy as Policy
    • 1st Edition
    • Donald Huisingh + 1 more
    • English
    Making Pollution Prevention Pay: Ecology with Economy as Policy is a collection of articles that helps in the understanding the concepts and experiences of industries that consider economic growth with environmental quality. The book presents 14 papers on the philosophy, technology, and economics of pollution prevention. The coverage of the text includes topics such as chemical recycling, waste management and reduction, and pollution prevention. The book also details the concept of “pollution prevention pays”; disposal cost reduction; and implication and procedures for waste elimination of hazardous wastes. The text will be of great interest to readers concerned with the various measures taken to preserve environmental health.

  • Systems Analysis and Simulation in Ecology

    Volume II
    • 1st Edition
    • Bernard C. Patten
    • English
    Systems Analysis and Simulation in Ecology, Volume II, concludes the original concept for Systems Analysis and Simulation in Ecology, and at the same time initiates a continuing series under the same title. The original idea, in 1968, was to draw together a collection of systems ecology articles as a convenient benchmark to the state of this emerging new field and as a stimulus to broader interest. These purposes will continue to motivate the series in highlighting, from time to time, accomplishments, trends, and prospects. The present volume is organized into four parts. Part I outlines for ecologists the concepts upon which systems science as a discipline is built. Part II presents example applications of systems analysis methods to ecosystems. Part III is devoted to new theory, including an investigation into the feasibility of several nonlinear formulations for use in compartment modeling of ecosystems; and the important topic of connectivity in systems. Part IV presents a sampling of systems ecology applications. It provides a reasonably balanced and accurate picture of the practical capability of ecological systems analysis and simulation. Performance does not come up to publicity, but prospects for rapid improvement are good given a willingness to let pragmatism guide sound scientific development without demanding unrealistic short-term successes.

  • Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Treatment of Tumor Metastasis

    • 1st Edition
    • Motomichi Torisu + 1 more
    • English
    Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Treatment of Tumor Metastasis provides information pertinent to the basic mechanism of tumor metastasis and the clinical results with immunochemotherapy of cancer. This book explores the extensive studies of clinical trials of cancer immunotherapy by Japanese investigators who played a significant role in the clinical assessment of different immunomodulating drugs. Organized into five parts encompassing 36 chapters, this book begins with an overview of both the in vivo and in vitro behavior of metastatic tumor cells. This text then examines the pathogenesis of cancer metastasis and its possible modulation by immune cells per se of by those treated with immunopotentiators in experimental animals. Other chapters consider the effects of different soluble immune mediators on tumor cell growth and metastasis. This book discusses as well the immunobiology and immunopathology of human tumor cell metastasis. The final chapter deals with successful and unsuccessful trials with cancer immunotherapy using various biological and chemical compounds. This book is a valuable resource for biologists, oncologists, and clinical researchers.

  • The Alaskan Beaufort Sea

    Ecosystems and Environments
    • 1st Edition
    • Peter W. Barnes + 2 more
    • English
    The Alaskan Beaufort Sea: Ecosystems and Environments provides an interdisciplinary view into almost all aspects of the environment, with a detailed survey of the background literature. This book focuses on the Alaskan Beaufort Shelf environment. Organized into four parts encompassing 20 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the characteristics and history of the region in which the research took place and defines the objectives of the studies program. This text then examines the subsynoptic meteorological networks along the Beaufort Sea coast and shelf. Other chapters consider the thermally generated mesoscale effects on surface winds and the orographic mesoscale effects on surface winds. This book discusses as well the phytoplankton associations and relative phytoplankton production in the area between the 20-m depth contour and the edge of the ice in summer. The final chapter deals with the characteristics of the ice cover and oil-ice interactions that will affect cleanup activities after blowout. This book is a valuable resource for scientists and conservationists.

  • Principles of Regeneration

    • 1st Edition
    • Richard J. Goss
    • English
    Principles of Regeneration focuses on the principles, methodologies, and changes involved in the process of regeneration. The book first underscores the nature of the nucleus in Acetabularia, enzyme effects, role of ribonucleic acid in morphogenesis, and functions of the stentor. The text then takes a look at the turnover in hydroids and flatworms and regeneration blastema. Discussions focus on regeneration in hydra, interstitial cells, colonial hydroids, neoblasts, and morphogenetic fields. The publication surveys segmental addition in annelids and molting, metamorphosis, and regeneration in arthropods. The termination of regeneration, importance of nerves, morphogenesis, histogenesis of the regenerate, and role of the nerves are discussed. The manuscript also examines regeneration in fishes, amphibian limb, horns and antlers, and heads and tails. The manuscript is a dependable source of data for students of developmental biology, anatomy, and evolution, as well as teachers and researchers in biology and medicine.

  • Radiation Dosimetry

    • 1st Edition
    • Gerald J. Hine + 1 more
    • English
    Radiation Dosimetry focuses on the advancements, processes, technologies, techniques, and principles involved in radiation dosimetry, including counters and calibration and standardization techniques. The selection first offers information on radiation units and the theory of ionization dosimetry and interaction of radiation with matter. Topics include quantities derivable from roentgens, determination of dose in roentgens, ionization dosimetry of high-energy photons and corpuscular radiations, and heavy charged particles. The text then examines the biological and medical effects of radiation, as well as radiation effects in malignant tissues, levels of radiation, and mechanism of radiation effects on living cells. The publication takes a look at ionization chambers, Geiger-Mueller counters and proportional counters, scintillation detectors, and photographic film dosimetry, Discussions focus on calibration and standardization techniques, scintillating materials and their light yield, scintillation detector dosimetry of neutrons, and the physics of counters. The text also ponders on chemical and colorimetric indicators and survey instruments and pocket dosimeters. The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in radiation dosimetry.

  • Coping and Defending

    Processes of Self-Environment Organization
    • 1st Edition
    • Norma Haan
    • David T. Lykken
    • English
    Coping and Defending: Processes of Self-Environment Organization investigates coping and defending within the context of personal-social psychology, with emphasis on processes of self-environment organization. Topics range from ego and stress to personality theory, family, and child rearing. Comprised of 13 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on theories and conceptualizations of ego, paying particular attention to its logical constraints as state; the neomechanical personal man; rational choice; and continuity and discontinuity in states. Subsequent chapters explore coping, defense, and fragmentation as ego processes; immanent value in personality theory; problems and perspectives in investigating ego processes; and the interregulation between structures and ego processes. The next section is largely devoted to empirically based findings concerning the development of ego processing; the link between stress and processing; and processing in families. The final chapter describes research aimed at developing and improving coping and defense scales based on personality inventories. This monograph will be of interest to developmentalists, cognitivists, personologists, clinicians, and social psychologists, as well as sociologists and perhaps anthropologists.

  • Physiology, Environment, and Man

    Based on a Symposium Conducted by the National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council, August, 1966
    • 1st Edition
    • Douglas H. K. Lee + 1 more
    • English
    Physiology, Environment, and Man is based on a symposium conducted by the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, August 1966. While one might expect a textbook to present its field in organized and comprehensive fashion, a symposium necessarily follows more of an illustrative pattern, according to the personal interests or even idiosyncrasies of the participants. It is interesting to note that, in spite of these limitations, the presentations did in fact cover the range of physiological concerns with environmental effects, from the genetic to the temporal, and from the molecular to the holistic. The book opens with a discussion of the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council’s broad-based critical study of the physiological underpinning of current concepts of biological responses to toxic chemicals and physical stresses. Subsequent chapters deal with topics such as the metabolic fate of common environmental agents; growth and trophic factors in carcinogenesis; environmental factors in aging and mortality; adaptation to heat and cold; and the definition of an optimum environment.

  • Strategies for Survival

    Cultural Behavior in an Ecological Context
    • 1st Edition
    • Michael A. Jochim
    • English
    Strategies for Survival: Cultural Behavior in an Ecological Context focuses on the ecological relationships between cultural behavior and its environmental context. The proliferation of ecological studies within anthropology suggests the increasing emphasis given to the systemic context of behavior. The aim of this book is to develop a framework for examining these relationships and for comparing diverse ecological studies within a coherent conceptual structure. It seeks to include any aspect of behavior, to investigate the links between ideological and material factors, to broaden the view of relevant factors and possible assumptions, and to relate the processes of decision-making to their specific context in a manner allowing cross-cultural comparisons. In the process, certain popular forms of ecological explanation will be examined. In addition, specific behavioral examples will be investigated in an attempt to explain patterns of similarities and differences. This book is addressed to all individuals interested in human-environmental interactions, including professional anthropologists and general students of human behavior.

  • Sulfur, Energy, and Environment

    • 1st Edition
    • Beat Meyer
    • English
    Sulfur, Energy, and Environment is a guide to the properties of sulfur; its three important compounds; and a review of the production, use, and recovery of sulfur in relation to energy production and environmental protection. After a brief introduction to the history of sulfur, the chemical properties of the element and some important compounds are reviewed, using common analytical methods. Sulfur is a strategic chemical in many modern applications and may make headway into high-volume non-chemical uses as it is being modified according to our changing technology and needs. The sources of sulfur and where it frequently occurs is explained. This discussion is followed by citing reviews of the four most important cycles, that is, the global sulfur cycle, hydrosphere, atmospheric sulfur budget, and the anthropogenic sulfur cycle. Sulfur production methods, coal combustion chemistry, and flue gas desulfurization are then described. The many uses of sulfur are described, including in medicine, agriculture, chemical industry, and the plastic industry. However, throughout the production of sulfur, problems affecting the environment occur, so environmental control and legislation are also discussed. Finally, the trends of sulfur research, production, use and recovery, role of chemistry, and the future overall area where science, energy, chemistry, and the environment exist together are presented. Chemists and chemistry students, industrialists, and environmental planners will find this guide to sulfur helpful. Lecturers in chemistry and researchers in the many fields of application of sulfur will likewise benefit from it.

  • Biological Waste Treatment

    • 1st Edition
    • W. W. Eckenfelder + 1 more
    • English
    Biological Waste Treatment is the outgrowth of a course entitled ""Bio-oxidation of Organic Wastes—Theory and Design"" initiated at Manhattan College in 1955. The objective of the course was to present the fundamentals of bio-oxidation which would serve as a framework for the analysis, design, and operation of biological waste treatment facilities. This book reflects the authors' approach to the solution of waste treatment problems. It is intended as an engineering text that applies the principles of physics, chemistry, and biology of waste treatment to the design and operation of waste treatment facilities. The book begins with discussions of the pollutional characteristics of waste waters, the strength and flow of waste, waste treatment processes, and biochemical oxygen demand. Subsequent chapters cover the principles of biological oxidation, the theory and practice of aeration, stream and estuary analysis, and solid-liquid separation. The final chapters deal with aerobic and anaerobic biological treatment processes and sludge handling and disposal. Although this text is primarily intended to serve as a guide for the practicing engineer, it should also serve as a useful reference for graduate students in sanitary engineering.

  • Eighth International Conference on Water Pollution Research

    Proceedings of the 8th International Conference, Sydney, Australia, 1976
    • 1st Edition
    • S. H. Jenkins
    • English
    Water Pollution Research covers the proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Water Pollution Research, held in Sydney, Australia on October 17-22, 1976. This book is composed of 150 and begins with discussions of the different sources of water pollution, including aerosolization, viral contamination, hydrocarbons, and heavy metals. Considerable chapters are devoted to various chemical processes for wastewater management; technical requirements for standard water quality; and methods of pollutant analysis. These topics are followed by surveys of Sydney's design of ocean outfall, an integrated pollution control system, and sewage sludge disposal. Other chapters describe the features of wastewater treatment reactors and other treatment alternatives. The remaining chapters present various case studies demonstrating the performance and improvements of different wastewater treatment facilities. This book will prove useful to water pollution researchers, environmentalists, and design engineers.

  • Systems Analysis and Simulation in Ecology

    Volume III
    • 1st Edition
    • Bernard C. Patten
    • English
    Systems Analysis and Simulation in Ecology, Volume III, and its companion, Volume IV, grew out of a symposium, Modeling and Analysis of Ecosystems, held at the University of Georgia, 1-3 March 1973. The purposes of the meeting were to (i) review the status of ecosystem modeling, simulation, and analysis; (ii) provide a forum for interaction between U.S. International Biological Program (IBP) Biome modeling programs and selected non-IBP investigations involving systems approaches to ecosystem analysis; and (iii) identify and promote dialogue on key issues in macrosystem modeling. The volume is organized into two parts. Part I treats ecosystem modeling in the U.S. IBP. The introductory chapter is followed by five chapters describing grassland, deciduous forest, desert, tundra, and coniferous forest biome modeling. The concluding chapter is one of critique and evaluation. Part II is devoted mainly to freshwater ecosystems, grading into the estuarine system in the last chapter. The five chapters of this section encompass a simple thermal ecosystem, small woodland streams, a reservoir, one of the Great Lakes, a lake reclaimed from eutrophication, and a major estuary under stress of human impact.

  • Systems Analysis and Simulation in Ecology

    Volume IV
    • 1st Edition
    • Bernard C. Patten
    • English
    Systems Analysis and Simulation in Ecology, Volume IV continues the organization begun in Volume III to document a meeting, Modeling and Analysis of Ecosystems, held at the University of Georgia on 1-3 March 1973. Several chapters are considerably expanded over their original concept, and several others are included which were not part of the symposium. The book is organized into five parts. Part I contains chapters on estuarine-marine ecosystems. Part II presents models of several terrestrial ecosystems. Part III has chapters devoted to human aspects of ecology. Part IV considers special problems of ecosystem modeling, namely linear versus nonlinear models, aggregation, and validation. Part V, the most extensive section, describes theory in ecosystem analysis. The book’s chapters demonstrate the current scope of systems ecology—its past and present emphasis on parts and mechanisms in simulation modeling, and its movement toward systems analysis and new, more formal consideration of wholes in theory. They make clear that although the systems approach is young in ecology, it has substantially enriched the science both methodologically and conceptually.

  • The Hudson River Basin

    Environmental Problems and Institutional Response
    • 1st Edition
    • Ralph W. Richardson + 1 more
    • English
    The Hudson River Basin: Environmental Problems and Institutional Response, Volume 1 covers a wide array of serious and complex environmental problems, reflecting the poor state of the environment itself. Most of the environmental problems in the Hudson Basin today are the result, direct or indirect, of the tremendous population and economic growth in the 25 years following World War II. This book is composed of six chapters that consider the results of the Hudson Basin Project's task groups, which presents numerous case studies of environmental controversies or "problem situations" in the Hudson Basin. The Project's innovative approach begins with the delineation of its study area, which comprises the New York metropolitan region plus that portion of its hinterland within the Hudson River watershed. Within this area, the Project examines the very broad range of issues resulting from long-term interaction between human settlement and its surrounding natural resource base. This work also describes another distinctive feature of the Project, the division of the ?environment? into the so-called ten ?policy sectors?. An interdisciplinary task group asks to view the basin?s environment from the standpoint of a given policy sector and to examine the interactions between its sector and each of the other nine. The final chapters deal with the energy availability, land use, and natural resource management of the Hudson River Basin. This book will prove useful to environmentalists and researchers.

  • Systems Analysis and Simulation in Ecology

    Volume 1
    • 1st Edition
    • Bernard C. Patten
    • English
    Systems Analysis and Simulation in Ecology, Volume I, is a book of ecology in transition from a ""soft"" science, synecology, to a ""hard"" science, systems ecology. It is an enthusiastic and optimistic statement about the fundamental adaptability of the scientific mechanism to newly appreciated truths of existence. It documents, in ecological science, a move away from the explanatory or cognitive criterion toward the predictive criterion, a hard one with the potential of leading ultimately to optimal design and control of ecosystems. The book is organized into three parts. Part I is an overview of some of the methods and rationales for ecological systems modeling for the purposes of simulation and systems analysis. It provides an elementary introduction to the use of analog and digital computers for simulation and a rationale for ecological model-building. Part II illustrates three different approaches to population modeling. These include a mathematical analysis of microbial (Chlorella, Selenastrum) dynamics in both continuous and batch cultures; and a bioenergetics study of the terrestrial isopod Armadillidium, utilizing concepts from control theory and the transfer function technique of classical dynamic analysis. Part III brings together a group of papers describing various aspects and philosophies of ecological simulation. These include common problems in ecosystem simulation and the question whether or not some of the newer methods of systems ecology might not be used in connection with some of the older data and observations of traditional synecology.

  • The Ecology of Waste Water Treatment

    • 1st Edition
    • H. A. Hawkes
    • English
    The Ecology of Waste Water Treatment covers the principles of biology considered necessary for an understanding of some ecological aspects of wastewater treatment. This book is composed of seven chapters, and begins with an overview of the significant biological aspects related to wastewater treatment. The subsequent chapters examine the factors determining the dominant organisms in sludge and bacteria beds. Other chapters highlight the role of biological oxidation in wastewater treatment and the ecological parameters in the design and operation of activated sludge plants. A chapter provides practical methods of maintaining population balance at a low level of microorganisms. The final chapter considers the operational requirements necessary to ensure suitable ecological conditions for bacteria beds. This book is of value to microbiologists, ecologists, and environment-related fields.

  • Global Change in Multispecies Systems: Part III

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 48
    • English
    Advances in Ecological Research is one of the most successful series in the highly competitive field of ecology. Each volume publishes topical and important reviews, interpreting ecology as widely as in the past, to include all material that contributes to our understanding of the field. Topics in this invaluable series include the physiology, populations, and communities of plants and animals, as well as landscape and ecosystem ecology.

  • The Boreal Ecosystem

    • 1st Edition
    • James A. Larsen
    • T. T. Kozlowski
    • English
    The Boreal Ecosystem presents an overview of the state of knowledge on the boreal forest region of North America, with extensive reference to the boreal regions of Europe and Asia. Initial sections of this book deal with aspects of the floristic composition and evolutionary history of the boreal vegetation. These introduce subsequent discussions on the processes at work in vegetation, soils, and the atmosphere—in short, with the boreal forest as an ecosystem, the sum total of the influences of many closely interlaced biotic and physical factors. These include not only plant species that make up the visible vegetation but also nutrients, soil, temperature, rainfall, progression of the seasons, soil microflora, arthropods, insects, and larger animals such as marten, otter, beaver, moose, caribou, bear, and wolf, and man. All are closely linked strands in the web of life, a web apart from, yet dependent on and influencing, the raw physical environment. This book should serve as an introduction and reference source to its audience: undergraduate and graduate students in the biological and ecological disciplines, research workers in these fields as well as in related areas such as soil science, agronomy, genetics, and climatology; in short, everyone with an interest in boreal ecology.

  • Molecular Approaches to Ecology

    • 1st Edition
    • Marcel Florkin + 1 more
    • English
    Molecular Approaches to Ecology presents studies on the molecular aspects underlying adaptation along with discussions of the concept of molecular adaptation. A proper approach to the study of adaptation must start from the consideration of the relation organism-environment at the level of the community or of the organism, and progressively proceed from this organismic starting point to the underlying molecular aspects. Examples are presented showing that the adaptation to a given environment cannot be traced down to a single molecular mechanism. The book contains nine chapters and begins with a discussion of adaptation and natural selection. This is followed by separate chapters on the basic concepts of comparative biochemistry; the biochemical continuum and ecological integration; and the chemical properties of organisms related to physical and chemical properties of the environment. Subsequent chapters deal with isosmotic intracellular regulation; physiological radiations of biochemical systems; and metabolic relations in the production of the cocoon by the silkworm.

  • The Control of Fertility

    • 1st Edition
    • Gregory Pincus
    • English
    The Control of Fertility is concerned with the experimental control of fertility as a specific biological problem. It is, first of all, an attempt to summarize a collection of data hitherto either partially or not at all presented. Secondly, it attempts to indicate those avenues which hold promise for future investigation. Finally, it attempts an assessment of the implications of understandings and ignorances. The book opens with an account of the sequence of processes essential to successful sexual reproduction in mammals. This is followed by separate chapters on approaches to the inhibition of spermatogenesis, ovulation, fertilization, and free ovum development. Subsequent chapters deal with blastocyst development and implantation, biological activities of compounds affecting fertility, fertility control in men and women, the inhibition of ovulation, biological properties of ovulation inhibitors in human subjects, and effectiveness and acceptability of contraception.

  • Radiological Monitoring of the Environment

    Proceedings of a Symposium Organized by the Central Electricity Generating Board in Association with the Joint Health Physics Committee; Held at Berkeley, Gloucestershire, October 1963
    • 1st Edition
    • B. C. Godbold + 1 more
    • English
    Radiological Monitoring of the Environment documents the proceedings of a symposium organized by The Central Electricity Generating Board in association with The Joint Health Physics Committee, held at Berkeley, Gloucestershire, on 3-4 October 1963. Environmental monitoring in its different aspects is of interest to most health physicists, and in particular to those of the Generating Board in relation to nuclear power stations and nuclear laboratories. The symposium served the dual purpose of disseminating information on a subject of importance, and fulfilling one of the objectives of the Joint Health Physics Committee by bringing together people working in various fields. This volume is divided into two parts, following the way in which the symposium was arranged. The first part of the volume contains the papers and the second part consists of the transactions of the meeting at Berkeley. The papers presented cover topics such as radioactivity in agricultural products; the monitoring of artificial radioactivity in waters round the British Isles; the monitoring of uranium and plutonium dust hazards; radiological control in university laboratories; and environmental surveys around research reactors.

  • Environmental Quality and Safety

    Global Aspects of Chemistry, Toxicology and Technology as Applied to the Environment
    • 1st Edition
    • Frederick Coulston + 1 more
    • English
    Environmental Quality and Safety: Global Aspects of Chemistry, Toxicology and Technology as Applied to the Environment, Volume 3 is a collection of papers that deals with environmental safety. The collection presents some definitions of environmental safety from different viewpoints: that of a consumer, a scientist, a producer, and a regulator. One paper then discusses pesticide residues and radioactive substances that are found in food. This paper compares pesticide and radioactivity problems such as permissible limits and the measurement methods employed. The volume also presents air quality standards discussed at an international symposium in Paris. One paper examines two ways of assessing the hazards caused by environmental chemicals through epidemiological statistical evaluation and animal experimentation. The volume cites as example the environmental problems encountered in the United States as referenced by the Environmental Protection Agency. One paper also enumerates the reasons why the role of biochemical criteria in stabling air quality guides should be considered important. Another paper also discusses the problem of applying animal toxicological (pesticide residue and radioactive substances) test results to human. The compendium is valuable for environmentalists, toxicologists, marine biologists, industrial chemists, and nuclear scientists.

  • Water and Sanitation

    Economic and Sociological Perspectives
    • 1st Edition
    • Peter G. Bourne
    • English
    Water and Sanitation: Economic and Sociological Perspectives presents the complex interrelationships involved in the development of water resources. This book discusses the global concern about the water problem and examines the issues relating to the worldwide management of water resources. Organized into 13 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the increasing recognition of the importance of water in the development of a country. This text then examines the numerous infections related to water supply and sanitation and describes its complex relationships. Other chapters consider the growing realization that women's roles are more than that of passive beneficiaries of water and sanitation projects. This book discusses as well the increasing demand on limited water resource due to the fast-growing population and its insatiable needs. The final chapter deals with the very costly and complicated method of conventional sewerage. This book is a valuable resource for public health engineers and waste technicians.

  • Air Pollution and Its Effects

    Air Pollution
    • 2nd Edition
    • Arthur C. Stern
    • English
    Air Pollution, Second Edition, Volume I: Air Pollution and Its Effects discusses the cause, effect, transport, measurement, and control of air pollution. The volume covers the nature of air pollution; mechanism of the dispersal of air pollution by meteorological factors and from stacks; and its effect upon plants, animals, humans, materials, and visibility. The classification and extent of air pollution problems; air pollution effects on urban atmospheric and weather conditions; and the effects of air pollution on materials and the economy are discussed as well. Engineers, physicians, meteorologists, economists, sociologists, agronomists, and toxicologists will find the book a valuable reference material.

  • Analysis, Monitoring, and Surveying

    Air Pollution
    • 2nd Edition
    • Arthur C. Stern
    • English
    Air Pollution, Second Edition, Volume II: Analysis, Monitoring, and Surveying discusses the cause, effect, transport, measurement, and control of air pollution. The volume deals with the sampling, analysis, measurement, and monitoring of air pollution. Devices and techniques for determining the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere; analysis of organic and inorganic gaseous pollutants; particulate matter evaluation; and air quality monitoring are tackled as well. Engineers, physicians, meteorologists, economists, sociologists, agronomists, and toxicologists will find the book a valuable reference material.

  • Perinatal Genetics

    Diagnosis and Treatment
    • 1st Edition
    • Ian H. Porter + 2 more
    • English
    Perinatal Genetics: Diagnosis and Treatment brings together the proceedings of the 15 Annual New York State Health Department Birth Defects Symposium held on September 30-October 1, 1984 in Albany, New York. The symposium provided a forum for clarifying and rationalizing certain aspects of diagnosis and treatment of perinatal genetic birth defects such as fragile X syndrome, phenylketonuria, and hypothyroidism. Comprised of 17 chapters, this book begins with an epidemiological review of very early pregnancy loss, focusing on fertilization and implantation; the probability of loss between fertilization and implantation (on about the sixth day), and between implantation and the 14th day (the first day of the expected next period in a non-pregnant woman); and the contribution of chromosomal errors in the sperm, ovum, and zygote to early reproductive loss. The reader is then introduced to cytogenetic abnormalities in spontaneous abortions of recognized conceptions; repetitive spontaneous abortion; and prenatal genetic diagnosis by chorionic villus sampling. Subsequent chapters explore prenatal treatment of biochemical disorders; in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer; and moral issues concerning third trimester pregnancy terminations. This monograph will appeal to perinatologists, neonatologists, obstetricians, pediatricians, and geneticists and should also serve as a useful guide for health professionals who provide care to pregnant women and their newborns.

  • Research with the Locus of Control Construct

    • 1st Edition
    • Herbert M. Lefcourt
    • English
    Research with the Locus of Control Construct, Volume 1: Assessment Methods was created to serve two purposes. The first is to fill the researcher's need for information about the application of appropriate locus of control scales to their particular purposes or samples. It presents a variety of locus of control scales and describes the relevant research and applications. The second purpose for this book involves the general field of personality psychology. Often personality constructs emerge, occupy center stage for the better part of a decade, and then almost silently disappear from view. By contrast, the locus of control construct has occupied a central position in personality research for a decade. The contributions to this volume represent some of the innovations that extend the utility of the locus of control construct to different areas of concern. It illustrates a simple principle—that a construct continues to be viable only as long as it continues to inspire innovations; if it remains static the construct will eventually disappear. This book is intended to provide information regarding new developments and to encourage new questions and applications that may allow the locus of control construct to outlive the brief life span that is common among personality constructs. It is assumed that the reader is already familiar with the basic literature on locus of control research.

  • Iceberg Utilization

    Proceedings of the First International Conference and Workshops on Iceberg Utilization for Fresh Water Production, Weather Modification and Other Applications Held at Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA, October 2-6, 1977
    • 1st Edition
    • A. A. Husseiny
    • English
    Iceberg Utilization covers the proceedings of the First International Conference and Workshops on Iceberg Utilization for Fresh Water Production, Weather Modification and Other Applications, held at Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA on October 2-6, 1977. The book focuses on the efforts to consider the feasibility of using icebergs as alternative water and energy resources relative to the growing concern on global water and energy shortage. The compilation first offers information on the patterns of cooperation in international science and technology and evaluation of subsidiary effects and concomitant issues and challenges in iceberg utilization. The text also looks at the consideration of icebergs as potential water resource, including arctic drifting stations, remote sensing, and transport of icebergs. The book discusses elements of iceberg technology and remote sensing of thickness of icebergs, as well as sources and properties of tabular icebergs and towing, handling, processing, and selection of icebergs. The text also considers the international law problems in the acquisition and transportation of Antarctic icebergs; ecological considerations of iceberg transport from Antarctic waters; and energy and freshwater production from icebergs. The selection is a dependable reference for readers wanting to explore the potential of icebergs as energy and water resource.

  • The Effects of Noise on Man

    • 1st Edition
    • Karl D. Kryter
    • Douglas H.K. Lee + 2 more
    • English
    The Effects of Noise on Man covers the techniques for the evaluation of environmental noise in terms of its effects on human. The book provides the fundamental definitions of sound, its measurement, and concepts of the basic functioning, and the attributes of the auditory system. The text also presents along with their experimental basis, procedures for estimating from physical measures of noise its effects on man's auditory system and speech communications. The last part of the book is devoted to man's nonauditory system responses and includes information about the effects of noise on work performance, sleep, feelings of pain, vision, and blood circulation.

  • Existing Mechanisms of Arms Control

    • 1st Edition
    • Wayland Young
    • English
    Existing Mechanisms of Arms Control is a five-chapter text that considers the mechanisms for the international control of warlike materials, principally fissile material. This book emphasizes the very few cases where states have already come together and, by formal treaties, bilateral or multilateral, have set up systems and organizations for the international control, under international inspection, of weapons and warlike materials. Chapter 1 describes the role of Western European Union, which embodies a regional settlement, largely military in character. Western European Union authorizes the production of nuclear weapons by other member states on the continent of Western Europe. Chapter 2 looks into the United States program's relationship with that of the International Atomic Energy Agency. This chapter deals also with the reason for U.S. support for the development of international safeguard. Chapters 3 and 4 evaluate the function and peaceful purposes of the European Atomic Energy Community and the European Nuclear Energy Agency. Chapter 5 reviews the control of uranium, plutonium and associated facilities intended for peaceful purposes through the International Atomic Energy Agency. This book is of value to researchers and general readers who are interested in international efforts for arms control.

  • Research Approaches to Sustainable Biomass Systems

    • 1st Edition
    • Seishu Tojo + 1 more
    • English
    Researchers, students and engineers working with biofuels and biomass are increasingly expected to comprehend a new holistic systems perspective that begins with wise crop breeding and cultivation techniques and informs the entire conversion to energy process. This volume provides diverse examples of successfully implemented sustainable biomass research in Asia, highlighting the challenges faced by designers of new biomass production facilities and tips on how to develop approaches to overcome them. In addition to providing an authoritative guide on the utilization of the authors’ sample feedstocks, rice straw and sunflower, the authors provide lessons relevant to stakeholders involved with all manner of biomass production projects by drawing out important comparisons and contrasts that must be taken into account when deciding how to utilize biomass as an energy resource in a way that is economically feasible and environmentally sustainable.

  • Spatial Capture-Recapture

    • 1st Edition
    • J. Andrew Royle + 3 more
    • English
    Spatial Capture-Recapture provides a comprehensive how-to manual with detailed examples of spatial capture-recapture models based on current technology and knowledge. Spatial Capture-Recapture provides you with an extensive step-by-step analysis of many data sets using different software implementations. The authors' approach is practical – it embraces Bayesian and classical inference strategies to give the reader different options to get the job done. In addition, Spatial Capture-Recapture provides data sets, sample code and computing scripts in an R package.

  • Returning Carbon to Nature

    Coal, Carbon Capture, and Storage
    • 1st Edition
    • Michael H. Stephenson
    • English
    Carbon capture and storage is one of the main carbon emissions policy issues globally, yet you may know little about it if you’re outside the academic community. As the global push to address the impact that carbon emissions has on global warming continues, awareness and knowledge of viable solutions must be communicated in layperson terms. Returning Coal and Carbon To Nature breaks across traditional barriers among history, geology, biology and climate change to address the topic from a multidisciplinary, Earth System Science approach. If you’re a policymakeror someone who influences policy, this book will explain carbon capture and storage—a relatively new concept—in easy-to-understand terms. Clearly presented charts, tables and diagrams explain critical concepts, and a range of full-color photographs will help you visualize the carbon capture and storage process and its principles.

  • Measuring Ocean Currents

    Tools, Technologies, and Data
    • 1st Edition
    • Antony Joseph
    • English
    Measuring Ocean Currents: Tools, Technologies, and Data covers all major aspects of ocean current measurements in view of the implications of ocean currents on changing climate, increasing pollution levels, and offshore engineering activities. Although more than 70% of the Earth is covered by ocean, there is limited information on the countless fine- to large-scale water motions taking place within them. This book fills that information gap as the first work that summarizes the state-of-the-art methods and instruments used for surface, subsurface, and abyssal ocean current measurements. Readers of this book will find a wealth of information on Lagrangian measurements, horizontal mapping, imaging, Eulerian measurements, and vertical profiling techniques. In addition, the book describes modern technologies for remote measurement of ocean currents and their signatures, including HF Doppler radar systems, satellite-borne sensors, ocean acoustic tomography, and more. Crucial aspects of ocean currents are described in detail as well, including dispersion of effluents discharged into the sea and transport of beneficial materials—as well as environmentally hazardous materials—from one region to another. The book highlights several important practical applications, showing how measurements relate to climate change and pollution levels, how they affect coastal and offshore engineering activities, and how they can aid in tsunami detection.

  • Transparency for Sustainability in the Food Chain

    Challenges and Research Needs EFFoST Critical Reviews #2
    • 1st Edition
    • Gerhard Schiefer + 1 more
    • English
    Transparency for Sustainability in the Food Chain lays out the key issues and challenges in food safety, food quality, chain integrity, the link with consumers, and the technological base of tracking and tracing systems. This succinct volume brings readers up to speed on the state of the art in these areas, and the research trends in specific domains. Transparency in the food sector, especially to consumers, is one of the priority issues on the agenda of consumer policy representatives. Food scandals and deficiencies in consumer communication have drawn increasing demands for food policies that ensure that food is safe and of the quality consumers expect. Further, consumers increasingly expect that food production processes limit negative impacts on the environment and consider social concerns. Moving toward improved transparency requires action by stakeholders of the food chain but also knowledge on where and how to move. Researchers and professionals working in food sourcing, regulation, safety, and distribution will benefit from this clear overview.

  • Environmentally Friendly Polymer Nanocomposites

    Types, Processing and Properties
    • 1st Edition
    • Suprakas Sinha Ray
    • English
    Concerns about global warming and the depletion of oil reserves have led to significant research into more sustainable composite materials made from natural materials. Recently, research has focussed on the development of nanoscale reinforcements for this new group of composites, significantly improving and extending their range of desirable properties. Environmentally friendly polymer nanocomposites summarises this wealth of research and its practical implications.After an introduction to the subject, part one looks at matrix and reinforcement materials as well as their characterisation. Part two reviews key properties such as tensile and dynamic mechanical properties and thermal stability. It also considers issues such as barrier properties, biodegradability, rheology, electrical and thermal conductivity. The book concludes by reviewing potential applications.This book is ideal for polymer and material scientists, researchers and engineers. It will also help industrial researchers and R&D managers who want to bring advanced eco-friendly polymer composite-based products into the market.

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