Systems Analysis and Simulation in Ecology

List of Contributors

Preface

Contents Of Volume I

Part I Introduction to Systems Science


1. An Introduction to Systems Science for Ecologists

I. Introduction

II. Structuring the System: The Role of the Observer

III. Describing the System

IV. Levels of Organization

V. Energy Systems

VI. Some Thoughts on Ecological Systems

VII. Beyond Modeling

Appendix I. Suggested Readings

Appendix II. A Compartment Model

References

Part II The Ecosystem: Systems Analysis


2. Steady-State Sensitivity Analysis of Energy Flow in a Marine Ecosystem

I. Introduction

II. The Energy Flow Model

III. The Mathematical Model

IV. Sensitivity Analysis

V. Discussion

References


3. Frequency Response Analysis of Magnesium Cycling in a Tropical Forest Ecosystem

I. General Introduction and Introduction to Frequency Response Analysis

II. Description of the Ecological System

III. Concepts in Frequency Response Analysis and Applications to the Modeled Ecosystem

IV. Discussion

V. Summary

References

Part III Theory


4. An Energy Circuit Language for Ecological and Social Systems: Its Physical Basis

I. Introduction

II. Energy Source Module

III. Force and the Energy Pathway

IV. Population Force

V. Heat Sink Module

VI. Passive Energy Storage Module

VII. Potential-Generating Storage Module

VIII. Intersection and Feedback

IX. Constant Gain Amplifier Module

X. Work Gate Module

XI. The Switch Module

XII. Self-Maintaining Module

XIII. Cycling Receptor Module

XIV. Production and Regeneration Module (P-R)

XV. Economic Transactor Module

XVI. System Examples and Their Simulation

References


5. Steady-State Equilibriums in Simple Nonlinear Food Webs

I. Introduction

II. Systems with Simple Nonlinear Transfers

III. Systems with Controlled Nonlinear Transfers

IV. The Use of Nonlinear Systems in Modeling

Reference


6. Structural Properties of Food Webs

I. Introduction

II. The Trophic Relation

III. Graph Formulation of Food Webs

IV. Graph Properties of Food Webs

V. Status in Food Webs

VI. Summary

References


7. Niche Quantification and the Concept of Niche Pattern

I. Introduction

II. The Model

III. Methods and Materials

IV. Results and Discussion

V. Niche Theory

VI. Niche Patterns

VII. Summary

References

Appendix. Degrees of Freedom, and F Values Associated with Table III

Part IV Applications and Prospects


8. Systems Analysis Applied to Some Fisheries Problems

I. Fisheries Problems in Perspective

II. Systems Analysis and Simulation Models—General

III. Application of System Analysis—The Georges Bank Haddock Fishery

IV. Application of Bayes' Theorem for Decision Making in Fisheries Science

V. Other Systems Analysis Applications

References


9. Digital Simulation Modeling in Resource Management and the Training of Applied Ecologists

I. Introduction

II. Solving Statistical Problems in Applied Ecology by Simulation

III. Management Simulation Models

IV. Simulation Models for Training

V. The Future of Simulation Modeling

Appendix A. Selected General References on Computer Modeling and Simulation

Appendix B. A Time-Sharing Algol Program (GRSIM) for Calculating Population Growth with a Generalized Version of the Leslie Matrix Model

References


10. Systems Methods in Environmental Court Actions

I. Introduction

II. Scope of Technical Evidence in Environmental Litigation

III. Modeling and Systems Testimony in Two Judicial Actions

IV. Brief Statements of Systems Characteristics

V. Discussion and Outlook for Systems Science

Appendix. Ecosystem Analysis: The Diffusion of DDT

References


11. Systems Ecology and the Future of Human Society

I. The State of the Human Ecosystem

II. Systems Analysis and Simulation of the Human Ecosystem

III. The CALSIM Model

IV. An Expanded Model

V. Prospects for Human Ecosystems Simulation

VI. Summary and Conclusions

References


12. Next-Generation Models in Ecology

I. Introduction

II. Current Status of Ecomodeling

III. Trends in Ecomodel Evolution

IV. Hierarchical Modeling

V. A Fish Population Ecomodel

VI. Mammalian Sociodemographic Ecomodels

VII. A Model of Human Personality and Interactions

VIII. A Hierarchy of Health Care System Models

IX. A General Model for a Community Total Health Care System

X. Closure

References

Author Index

Subject Index