Systems Analysis and Simulation in Ecology

List of Contributors

Preface

Contents of other Volumes

Part I Ecosystem Modeling in The US International Biological Program


1. Introduction to Modeling in the Biomes

I. Biome Modeling Rationale

II. Diversity in Approaches

III. Convergence

IV. General State of Development

Reference


2. Role of Total Systems Models in the Grassland Biome Study

I. Introduction

II. Objectives and Questions

III. Philosophy and Implementation

IV. ELM and Its Main Compartments

V. Comparison of Current Status to Model Objectives

VI. Future Efforts

VII. Model Objectives as a Determinant of Model Structure

VIII. Ecosystem Principles Determine Ecosystem Structure

IX. Simulation Languages—SIMCOMP 4,5

References


3. Modeling in the Eastern Deciduous Forest Biome

I. Eastern Deciduous Forest Biome Program

II. Modeling Program

III. Progress in Modeling

IV. Discussion

References


4. Ecosystem Modeling in the Desert Biome

I. Introduction

II. Predictions Applicable to Populations of Ecosystems

III. Generality in an Ecosystem Model

IV. Approach Adopted by the Desert Biome

V. The Aquatic Model—An Example

VI. Generalizability of the Desert Biome Models

VII. Improvement and Validation of Models


5. Development of Ecosystem Modeling in the Tundra Biome

I. Introduction

II. Ecosystem Models in the Tundra Biome

III. Mechanistic Models in the Tundra Biome

IV. Summary

References


6. The Ecosystem Modeling Approach in the Coniferous Forest Biome

I. Introduction

II. Development of the General Requirements for an Ecosystem Model

III. Development of a General Paradigm for an Ecosystem Model

IV. Technical Aspects of Applying the Special Theory

V. Operational Aspects of Biome Modeling

VI. Summary and Prospectus

References


7. Critique and Comparison of Biome Ecosystem Modeling

I. Introduction

II. Driving Variables, and Statistical Properties of Weather Data

III. The Mathematical Structure of Submodels

IV. Macro Properties of Systems Models: Coupling and Interactions

V. The Argument about Linearity and Nonlinearity

VI. The Difficult Path between Unrealistic Oversimplicity and Unwieldy and Untestable Complexity

VII. Some Conclusions

References

Part II Models of Freshwater-Estuarine Ecosystems


8. Simulation Modeling of the Algal-Fly Components of a Thermal Ecosystem: Effects of Spatial Heterogeneity, Time Delays, and Model Condensation

I. Introduction

II. The Thermal Ecosystem

III. Simulation

IV. Model Evaluation

V. Space-Time vs Point-Time Models

References


9. Ecosystem Modeling for Small Woodland Streams

I. Introduction

II. The Stream Ecosystem

III. The Stream Model

IV. Summary and Conclusions

References


10. Total Ecosystem Model for a Cove in Lake Texoma

I. Introduction

II. Morphometric and Abiotic Factors

III. Primary Producer Submodel

IV. Zooplankton Submodel

V. Benthic Invertebrate Submodel

VI. Vertebrate Submodel

VII. Decomposer Submodel

VIII. Model Behavior

IX. Summary and Conclusions

Appendix I. Description of Computer Program

Appendix II. Computer Program

References


11. Phytoplankton-Zooplankton-Nutrient Interaction Model for Western Lake Erie

I. Introduction

II. Model Construction

III. Data Sources

IV. Data

V. Model Verification

VI. Planning and Management Applications

References


12. Ecologic Simulation for Aquatic Environments

I. Introduction

II. Concepts of the Ecologic Model

III. The Ecologic Model as Applied to Lakes

IV. Lake Washington Simulations

V. Ecologic Model as Applied to Estuaries

VI. San Francisco Bay-Delta Simulations

VII. Future Directions

Appendix I. Input Data for Lake Washington Simulations

Appendix II. Input Data for the Simulations of San Francisco Bay-Delta System

References

Index