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Elsevier

Books in Computer science

The Computing collection presents a range of foundational and applied content across computer and data science, including fields such as Artificial Intelligence; Computational Modelling; Computer Networks, Computer Organization & Architecture, Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition, Data Management; Embedded Systems & Computer Engineering; HCI/User Interface Design; Information Security; Machine Learning; Network Security; Software Engineering.

  • Minds, Machines, and Misinformation

    Decoding Bias, Algorithms, and Trust
    • 1st Edition
    • Don Donghee Shin
    • English
    Algorithms have become the key organizer through which power is enacted in our society. A huge amount of data regarding our daily routines are monitored and analyzed to make recommendations that manage, control, and lead our behaviors in everyday life. AI, Humans, and Misinformation: How Does AI Alter Human Behavior and How Do Humans Influence Algorithmic Misinformation? is a guide to understanding the dynamics of AI and misinformation in human contexts by addressing meaningful questions—How does AI alter human behavior and how do humans influence algorithmic decision-making? In answering these questions, this book examines the role of misinformation, disinformation, and fake news, and shows readers how to develop AI methods and algorithms that combat misinformation by using AI design choices that provide users and developers alike with meaningful control over AI. This book brings together various perspectives on algorithms into an integrated conceptual framework, and provides a broad socio-technical analysis, addressing critical and ethical issues of misinformation and fake news. The book offers a compelling insight into the misinformation phenomenon and the future of AI-based society. Readers will find an integrated technical analysis of the logic and social implications of algorithmic processes. Reporting from the cutting edge of critical technical methods and research, the result is useful and constructive for developing the relations between algorithms and humans. This is an imperative methodology for understanding what is at stake as industry and government use AI to reshape the world.

  • Data Science for Teams

    20 Lessons from the Fieldwork
    • 1st Edition
    • Harris V. Georgiou
    • English
    Managing human resources, time allocation, and risk management in R&D projects, particularly in Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning/Data Analysis, poses unique challenges. Key areas such as model design, experimental planning, system integration, and evaluation protocols require specialized attention. In most cases, the research tends to focus primarily on one of the two main aspects: either the technical aspect of AI/ML/DA or the teams’ effort, or the typical management aspect and team members’ roles in such a project. Both are equally import for successful real-world R&D, but they are rarely examined together and tightly correlated. Data Science for Teams: 20 Lessons from the Fieldwork addresses the issue of how to deal with all these aspects within the context of real-world R&D projects, which are a distinct class of their own. The book shows the everyday effort within the team, and the adhesive substance in between that makes everything work. The core material in this book is organized over four main Parts with five Lessons each. Author Harris Georgiou goes into the difficulties progressively and dives into the challenges one step at a time, using a typical timeline profile of an R&D project as a loose template. From the formation of a team to the delivery of final results, whether it is a feasibility study or an integrated system, the content of each Lesson revisits hints, ideas and events from real-world projects in these fields, ranging from medical diagnostics and big data analytics to air traffic control and industrial process optimization. The scope of DA and ML is the underlying context for all, but most importantly the main focus is the team: how its work is organized, executed, adjusted, and optimized. Data Science for Teams presents a parallel narrative journey, with an imaginary team and project assignment as an example, running an R&D project from day one to its finish line. Every Lesson is explained and demonstrated within the team narrative, including personal hints and paradigms from real-world projects.

  • Motion Control of Soft Robots

    • 1st Edition
    • Wenyu Liang + 3 more
    • English
    Motion Control of Soft Robots provides an overview of the general concepts and most recent technological updates in soft robot motion control. The book provides systematic coverage of theoretical and practical aspects in system modeling and motion control strategies, presenting novel ideas, methods, and future outlook related to motion control of soft actuators and robots, including model-based control, model-free control, and bioinspired control. This book is useful for researchers, engineers, and students of robotics who can expect to learn how to design and implement various techniques to obtain solutions to control problems in soft robot control and nonlinear system control.

  • Quantum Health AI

    The Revolution of Medicine, Public Health, and Global Health by Quantum Computing-Powered Artificial Intelligence
    • 1st Edition
    • Dominique J. Monlezun
    • English
    Quantum Health AI: The Revolution of Medicine, Public Health, and Global Health is the first comprehensive book defining the transformation of the global health ecosystem by the fusion of our most powerful technologies—quantum computing and artificial intelligence—while defending an actionable human-centred approach to doing so responsibly, equitably, and sustainably. We can continue to watch wars, diseases, poverty, polarization, cyber-crime, and climate change only worsen. Our strongest technologies can remain centralized in a small number of companies and countries for their profit and power. Or we can cooperatively put quantum AI to work for the health of all of us, by better managing this technology’s overarching strategic competition between democracies and autocracies, along with the public and private sectors (balancing human security with national security, economic growth with household livelihoods, individual rights with the common good). This book draws on the decade plus of original research and first-hand perspective of the world’s first triple doctorate-trained physician-data scientist and AI ethicist. It unpacks the history, science, values, and political economics framing and driving quantum AI (including its physics, metaphysics, ethics, governance, computing, sensing, communication, materials, and security), the global health ecosystem (healthcare systems, public health agencies, biotechnology companies, and development institutions), and their growing integration, wins, and challenges. This one-stop book provides a global, inclusive, and practical guide for understanding and shaping these societal and technological trends. It thus empowers health, technology, and policy students, practitioners, professionals, researchers, and leaders in organizations, universities, companies, and governments—ultimate... to make and maintain the human-centred quantum AI safeguarding and advancing humanity’s health, home, and future.

  • Theoretical Foundations of Quantum Computing

    • 1st Edition
    • Daowen Qiu
    • English
    Theoretical Foundations of Quantum Computing is an essential textbook for introductory courses in the quantum computing discipline. Quantum computing represents a paradigm shift in understanding computation. This textbook delves into the principles of quantum mechanics that underpin this revolutionary technology, making it invaluable for undergraduate and graduate students in computer science and related fields. Structured into eight meticulously crafted chapters, it covers everything from the historical context of quantum computing to advanced theories and applications. The book includes core topics such as basic models, quantum algorithms, cryptography, communication protocols, complexity, and error correction codes.Each chapter builds upon the last, ensuring a robust understanding of foundational concepts and cutting-edge research. It serves as both a foundational resource for students and a comprehensive guide for researchers interested in quantum computing. Its clarity makes it an excellent reference for deepening understanding or engaging in advanced research.

  • Up and Running with AutoCAD 2026

    2D and 3D Drawing, Design and Modeling
    • 1st Edition
    • Robert C. Kaebisch + 1 more
    • English
    Up and Running with AutoCAD 2026: 2D and 3D Drawing, Design and Modeling presents a combination of step-by-step instructions, examples, and insightful explanations. The book emphasizes core concepts and practical application of AutoCAD in engineering, architecture, and design. Equally useful in instructor-led classroom training, self-study, or as a professional reference, the book is written by a long-time AutoCAD professor and instructor with the user in mind.

  • Data-Driven Insights and Analytics for Measurable Sustainable Development Goals

    • 1st Edition
    • Tilottama Goswami + 2 more
    • English
    Data-Driven Insights and Analytics for Measurable Sustainable Development Goals discusses the growing imperative to understand, measure, and guide actions using data-driven insights. The SDGs encompass a broad spectrum of global challenges, from eradicating poverty and hunger to preserving the environment and fostering peace. To address these issues, one should be able to measure and analyze progress. This book bridges the gap between qualitative and quantitative assessments, recognizing that goals are not solely about numbers but also encompass complex social, environmental, and economic dynamics. By merging data science with qualitative analysis, readers can explore how SDGs intersect and influence each other.The book provides readers with an understanding of how to effectively leverage data science models and algorithms using descriptive analytics, allowing us to assess the current state of SDG performance and offering valuable insights into where we stand on these critical goals. Prescriptive analytics guides actions by offering actionable recommendations, while predictive analytics anticipates future trends and challenges, helping us navigate our path toward the SDGs effectively.

  • Decentralized Optimization in Networks

    Algorithmic Efficiency and Privacy Preservation
    • 1st Edition
    • Qingguo Lü + 5 more
    • English
    Decentralized Optimization in Networks: Algorithmic Efficiency and Privacy Preservation provides the reader with theoretical foundations, practical guidance, and solutions to decentralized optimization problems. The book demonstrates the application of decentralized optimization algorithms to enhance communication and computational efficiency, solve large-scale datasets, maintain privacy preservation, and address challenges in complex decentralized networks. The book covers key topics such as event-triggered communication, random link failures, zeroth-order gradients, variance-reduction, Polyak’s projection, stochastic gradient, random sleep, and differential privacy. It also includes simulations and practical examples to illustrate the algorithms' effectiveness and applicability in real-world scenarios.

  • Artificial Intelligence

    Data and Model Safety
    • 1st Edition
    • Yu-Gang Jiang + 2 more
    • English
    Artificial Intelligence Data and Model Safety: Risks, Attacks and Defenses offers a comprehensive overview of the evolution of AI and its security concerns. The book delves into how historical advancements in AI have both bolstered and complicated the issue of safeguarding data and models. By reflecting on the interplay between machine learning innovations and vulnerabilities, it sets the stage for readers to understand the critical importance of robust defenses in this era of digital and algorithmic reliance. In addition to contextualizing the historical trajectory of AI security, the book examines foundational elements of machine learning, emphasizing the mechanisms that contribute to, or mitigate, risks.Readers are guided through case studies of real-world attacks, illustrating the practical implications of security weaknesses, while proposed defense strategies provide actionable insights for strengthening AI systems.

  • Mastering Prompt Engineering

    Deep Insights for Optimizing Large Language Models (LLMs)
    • 1st Edition
    • Anand Nayyar + 2 more
    • English
    Mastering Prompt Engineering: Deep Insights for Optimizing Large Language Models (LLMs) is a comprehensive guide that takes readers on a journey through the world of Large Language Models (LLMs) and prompt engineering. Covering foundational concepts, advanced techniques, ethical considerations, and real-world case studies, this book equips both novices and experts to navigate the complex LLM landscape. It provides insights into LLM architecture, training, and prompt engineering methods, while addressing ethical concerns such as bias and privacy. Real-world case studies showcase the practical application of prompt engineering in a wide range of settings. This resource is not just for specialists but is a practical and ethically conscious guide for AI practitioners, students, scientific researchers, and anyone interested in harnessing the potential of LLMs in natural language processing and generation. Mastering Prompt Engineering serves as a gateway to a deeper understanding of LLMs and their responsible and effective utilization through its comprehensive, ethical, and practical approach.

  • The Decentralized Hydrogen Revolution Using Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, and Blockchain

    • 1st Edition
    • Hossein Pourrahmani + 2 more
    • English
    The Decentralized Hydrogen Revolution Using Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, and Blockchain provides an essential guide to understanding the transformative potential of advanced technologies in decentralized hydrogen communities. This comprehensive resource covers the intersection of AI, IoT, and blockchain with sustainable energy, offering insights from foundational principles to advanced applications. Readers will learn about the environmental benefits of hydrogen over fossil fuels, electrolysis, and the integration of innovative technologies to enhance hydrogen production and distribution. The book delves into the role of fuel cells in clean energy, advanced AI algorithms in hydrogen production, blockchain trust in hydrogen networks, and IoT connectivity.Economi... considerations, policy frameworks, and the future of decentralized hydrogen communities are also explored, making this an invaluable reference for researchers, industry professionals, policymakers, and students interested in the hydrogen economy.

  • Advanced Topics in Inverse Data Envelopment Analysis

    Approaches for Handling Ratio Data
    • 1st Edition
    • Mehdi Soltanifar + 3 more
    • English
    Advanced Topics in Inverse Data Envelopment Analysis: Approaches for Handling Ratio Data explores and tackles the most significant challenges encountered by researchers and practitioners in decision analysis and performance evaluation. This book delves into the sophisticated realm of Ratio Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA-R), offering a thorough examination of advanced methodologies, practical examples, and insights into managing complex problems involving both non-negative and negative data. Filling crucial gaps in existing literature, this comprehensive resource focuses on the emerging field of Inverse DEA-R, equipping readers with the necessary tools and knowledge to address a wide range of challenging data types. This book serves as an essential guide for making informed and efficient decisions, guiding researchers and graduate students in computer science, applied mathematics, industrial engineering, and finance, navigating the complexities of decision analysis in today's data-driven world.

  • Decision Systems

    Integrating Machine Learning, Fuzzy Logic, and Artificial Neural Networks
    • 1st Edition
    • Pallavi Vijay Chavan + 3 more
    • English
    Decision-making is a fundamental process that influences outcomes across a wide range of domains, including business, healthcare, scientific research, and automation. With the increasing availability of data and the growing computational power of modern systems, decision-making models have become more sophisticated and capable of providing highly accurate and efficient solutions. The ability to develop, analyze, and implement these models has become crucial for professionals and researchers working in fields that rely on data-driven decision-making.This book explores the evolution and significance of decision systems, covering both foundational theories and advanced methodologies. It introduces readers to the essential principles of decision-making models, illustrating their applications through practical case studies and real-world scenarios. The discussion begins with a focus on traditional decision-making techniques and gradually progresses to more advanced topics, including machine learning-based approaches, the integration of artificial intelligence, and the role of fuzzy logic in decision support systems. Furthermore, ethical considerations in decision-making and strategies for mitigating bias are examined, ensuring that models remain fair and transparent.Througho... this book, each chapter builds on the previous one, providing a structured and comprehensive learning experience. By the time readers complete this book, they will have gained an in-depth understanding of decision-making frameworks, their applications, and the future directions of research in this dynamic field. Whether one is a student, a researcher, or an industry professional, this book serves as a valuable guide to mastering the complexities of decision systems and applying them effectively in various domains.

  • Edge Artificial Intelligence

    Algorithms, Applications, Challenges and Ethical Issues
    • 1st Edition
    • Parikshit Narendra Mahalle + 3 more
    • English
    Edge Artificial Intelligence: Algorithms, Applications, Challenges and Ethical Issues introduces the essentials of Edge AI and machine learning. It delves into the architecture, algorithms, and applications of Edge AI, offering insights into regulation and governance. Real-world case studies and practical examples are included, providing readers with the knowledge and tools to harness the transformative power of Edge AI. This book also addresses the ethical considerations and regulatory aspects of deploying AI at the edge.In addition to offering a clear understanding of real-time decision-making, enhanced privacy, and efficient applications, this book empowers both technical and nontechnical readers by providing practical insights, case studies, and ethical considerations. It helps users implement and govern Edge AI in a responsible and effective manner.

  • Quaternion-Based Sparse Image Processing

    Advances in Multispectral Processing
    • 1st Edition
    • Satya Prakash Yadav + 4 more
    • English
    Quaternion-Sparse Image Processing: Advances in Multispectral Processing brings together the technologies, research, and managerial applications of quaternion-sparse based complex algebra in image processing. The book covers the entire range of complicated tasks performed on color images, including denoising, reconstruction, classification, hallucination, feature extraction, dimension reduction, and regularization. It provides easy understanding and smooth adaptability of basic and advanced concepts for graduate students, researchers, doctors, academics, and practitioners.

  • Quantum Computing

    Principles and Paradigms
    • 1st Edition
    • Rajkumar Buyya + 1 more
    • English
    Quantum Computing: Principles and Paradigms covers a broad range of topics, providing a state-of-the-art and comprehensive reference for the rapid progress in the field of quantum computing and related technologies from major international companies (such as IBM, Google, Intel, Rigetti, Q-Control) and academic researchers. This book appeals to a broad readership, as it covers comprehensive topics in the field of quantum computing, including hardware, software, algorithms, and applications, with chapters written by both academic researchers and industry developers.This book presents readers with the fundamental concepts of quantum computing research, along with the challenges involved in developing practical devices and applications.

  • Intelligent Data Analytics for Solar Energy Prediction and Forecasting

    Advances in Resource Assessment and PV Systems Optimization
    • 1st Edition
    • Amit Kumar Yadav + 2 more
    • English
    Intelligent Data Analytics for Solar Energy Prediction and Forecasting: Advances in Resource Assessment and PV Systems Optimization explores the utilization of advanced neural networks, machine learning and data analytics techniques for solar radiation prediction, solar energy forecasting, installation and maximum power generation. The book addresses relevant input variable selection, solar resource assessment, tilt angle calculation, and electrical characteristics of PV modules, including detailed methods, coding, modeling and experimental analysis of PV power generation under outdoor conditions. It will be of interest to researchers, scientists and advanced students across solar energy, renewables, electrical engineering, AI, machine learning, computer science, information technology and engineers. In addition, R&D professionals and other industry personnel with an interest in applications of AI, machine learning, and data analytics within solar energy and energy systems will find this book to be a welcomed resource.

  • Massive MIMO in Practice

    From 5G to 6G
    • 2nd Edition
    • Henrik Asplund + 12 more
    • English
    Massive MIMO in Practice: From 5G to 6G (2nd edition of the previously titled Advanced Antenna Systems for 5G Network Deployments: Bridging the Gap between Theory and Practice) provides a theoretical introduction to Massive MIMO as well as presenting how it can meet network performance requirements for commercial deployment.This new edition will provide a thorough understanding of:array antennas and how they can be used for beamforming, null-forming, and support for MIMO features;Massive MIMO features and how they work, with a particular focus on mobile networks and the specifics relevant for mobile network operation, for example, characteristics of the radio channel in different environment and how Massive MIMO solutions adapt to these;a detailed walk-through of the 3GPP physical layer support for Massive MIMO solutions, the background for this support, and how it can be used in mobile networks;explanation... of what performance can be achieved in commercially deployed mobile networks for: different antenna configurations, different Massive MIMO features, and different network deployment environments;regulat... aspects which are new and specific to Massive MIMO operation; and product architecture and implementation aspects that provide cost efficient and flexible operation.New to this edition More detail on the practical use of Massive MIMO in commercial mobile networks, specifically how to choose solutions, including antenna configuration and suitable Massive MIMO features, for cost efficient operation depending on traffic and environmental conditionsA new chapter on how to put the complete Massive MIMO solution together: hardware solutions, features and use of spectrum, particularly the different use of TDD, FDD, and mm-waveOutlines promising Massive MIMO solutions to be deployed in the futureInclusion of 3GPP’s Rel. 17 and Rel. 18 updatesRecent regulatory issues of high general interestPractical aspects of network planning, deployment, and operationExamples of other applications of Massive MIMO: satellites, drones, and FWAOutlines the path Massive MIMO can play to achieving 6G

  • Tactile Robotics

    • 1st Edition
    • Qiang Li
    • English
    Tactile Robotics structures and unifies the information processing of tactile data—not only for extracting object property but also for controller computation. This book systematically introduces tactile sensors, perception, and control, providing readers with no prior background with a better sense and knowledge of robotics and machine learning and helping users understand the concept of tactile robots and their various applications for use in real-world scenarios.

  • Artificial Intelligence Innovations for Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare

    • 1st Edition
    • Alma Y Alanis + 3 more
    • English
    Artificial Intelligence Innovations for Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare bridges the evolving domains of artificial intelligence and biomedical engineering and healthcare. In an era where data-driven insights and precision medicine are essential in healthcare, this book explores emerging trends and showcases AI's potential in transforming patient care, diagnosis, and the treatment of chronic diseases. It simplifies the relationship between artificial intelligence and biomedical engineering, elucidating how these technologies are revolutionizing self-care. The book goes on to examine how advanced technologies, including complex networks and AI-driven diagnostics are reshaping the healthcare landscape.From decoding complex networks to revealing AI's role in treating chronic diseases, this book serves as a guide to understanding how innovation is reshaping the healthcare landscape.

  • Python Fast Track

    A Complete Guide to Rapidly Mastering and Applying Python Programming
    • 1st Edition
    • Sanjiban Sekhar Roy + 2 more
    • English
    Python Fast Track: A Complete Guide to Rapidly Mastering and Applying Python Programming adopts a simplified writing style and provides clear explanations to ensure ease of understanding, making it an ideal resource for those new to Python. Starting with the basics, the book covers fundamental concepts such as variables, data types, printing and prompting, lists, dictionaries, tuples, control structure, functions, and object-oriented concepts. The book includes everything you need to understand and apply more advanced programming techniques such as file handling, exception handling, and regex.This great resource is created especially for those who want to apply Python for their research and professional work in scientific computing, data analysis and machine learning, including chapters on NumPy and Pandas, two of the most popular Python application libraries. It demonstrates how to effectively master key applications of Python such as web development, software creation, task automation, and data analysis. The book covers data analysis and machine learning tasks that greatly benefit from Python, thanks to libraries such as TensorFlow and Keras that enable efficient coding.

  • Bi-directionality in Human-AI Collaborative Systems

    • 1st Edition
    • William Lawless + 3 more
    • English
    Bi-directionality in Human-AI Collaborative Systems investigates the foundations, metrics, and applications of human-machine systems, along with the legal ramifications of autonomy, including standards, trust by the public, and bidirectional trust by users and AI systems. The book addresses the challenges in creating synergistic human and AI-based autonomous system-of-systems by focusing on the underlying challenges associated with bi-directionality. Chapters cover advances in LLMs, logic, machine learning choices, the development of standards, as well as human-centered approaches to autonomous human-machine teams. This is a valuable resource for world-class researchers and engineers who are theorizing on, designing, and developing autonomous systems.It will also be useful for government scientists, business leaders, social scientists, philosophers, regulators and legal experts interested in the impact of autonomous human-machine teams and systems.

  • The Convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and 6G Communication Networks: The Needs and Implications

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 139
    • English
    Advances in Computers, Volume 139 focuses on the convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and 6G communication networks, addressing key advancements and implications across various fields. It explores cybersecurity challenges in 5G networks, solutions for 5G performance evaluation, and the transition to 5G-Advanced. The role of AI in enhancing 6G network performance, resource allocation, and management is discussed alongside the technical foundations of 6G and its ability to power edge AI applications. The volume highlights how 6G will transform industries like logistics through automation and AI-driven decision-making, while also covering strategic management perspectives on AI-driven innovations. Sustainability is a key theme, with discussions on energy-efficient cloud and quantum data centers, as well as the integration of green innovations into AI-6G synergy. The metaverse and its reliance on 5G and 6G for immersive experiences are reviewed, alongside the revolutionary potential of quantum computing in 6G networks. The practical applications of AI, such as a CNN-based model for brain tumor detection using 5G edge cloud, and federated learning for 6G, demonstrate the technology's impact on healthcare and data privacy. Additionally, the volume delves into 6G’s role in enabling next-generation metaverse systems and AI-powered telemedicine, while providing insights into the architecture, communication systems, and industrial use cases of 6G. It concludes by summarizing the advancements, advantages, and challenges of 6G, offering a comprehensive view of its future impact on global connectivity.

  • Introduction to Digital Human Modeling

    • 1st Edition
    • Yujiang Xiang + 1 more
    • English
    Introduction to Digital Human Modeling bridges the gap in current literature by providing a comprehensive resource on digital human modeling for beginners and researchers. The content includes step-by-step procedures for building a digital human model, fundamental human kinematics and dynamics, advanced topics such as motion prediction and injury prevention, and industrial applications. The book covers theoretical concepts and experimental validation, including human anatomy, degrees of freedom, skeletal and musculoskeletal modeling, equations of motion, reach envelopes, lifting prediction, muscle fatigue model, and injury analysis. It teaches readers how to build simulation-based human models, set up equations of motion, analyze human biomechanics, and utilize simulations and experiments to study worker injuries. Furthermore, the book introduces both fundamental and advanced digital human modeling methods and optimization techniques aimed at improving performance and preventing injuries in manual material handling, as well as addressing lifting and gait biomechanics and ergonomics.

  • Edge Intelligence in Cyber-Physical Systems

    Foundations and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Wei Yu
    • English
    Edge Intelligence in Cyber-Physical Systems: Foundations and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of best practices for building edge intelligence into cyber-physical systems. This book covers the foundations and applications of synergizing machine learning at the edge of CPS, leveraging an edge computing infrastructure. Divided into four parts, the first section of the book reviews the foundations, principles, and representative application domains of CPS. The second part covers machine learning, edge computing, and their needs in CPS, defining edge intelligence and its principles, challenges, and research directions. The third part presents tutorials and foundational research works on realizing edge intelligence in representative CPS. The fourth part explores the problem space of threats and countermeasures in building edge intelligence into CPS. Researchers, graduate students and professionals in computer science, data science, and electrical engineering will find this to be a valuable resource on the principles and applications of edge intelligence in cyber-physical systems as well as the development of interdisciplinary techniques to advance the field.

  • Advanced Machine Learning for Cyber-Attack Detection in IoT Networks

    • 1st Edition
    • Dinh Thai Hoang + 3 more
    • English
    Advanced Machine Learning for Cyber-Attack Detection in IoT Networks analyzes diverse machine learning techniques, including supervised, unsupervised, reinforcement, and deep learning, along with their applications in detecting and preventing cyberattacks in future IoT systems. Chapters investigate the key challenges and vulnerabilities found in IoT security, how to handle challenges in data collection and pre-processing specific to IoT environments, as well as what metrics to consider for evaluating the performance of machine learning models. Other sections look at the training, validation, and evaluation of supervised learning models and present case studies and examples that demonstrate the application of supervised learning in IoT security.

  • Medical Oncology Compendium

    • 1st Edition
    • Ramon Andrade B de Mello
    • English
    Medical Oncology Compendium discusses several important topics in oncology with the help of leading experts worldwide who incorporate not only knowledge on recent developments in the field, but contextualize them within diverse socioeconomic environments to guarantee the applicability of the content in challenging scenarios. The book comprehensively discusses topics such as surgery, radiology, carcinogenesis, screening, assessment tools, evidence-based medicine, and precision oncology as applicable to different cancer types as non-small and small cell lung cancer, mesothelioma, breast cancer, gastric-rectal cancer, female specific cancers, prostate, skin and bone sarcomas.In addition, it discusses options to minimize oncology pain and palliative care. It is a valuable resource for oncologists, clinicians, researchers, healthcare workers and members of biomedical field who needs to understand more about diagnosis, treatment options and support for cancer patients.

  • Emerging Fuzzy Intelligent Systems for Smart Healthcare Management

    Applications of Disc q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Sets
    • 1st Edition
    • Shahzaib Ashraf + 3 more
    • English
    Emerging Fuzzy Intelligent Systems for Smart Healthcare Management: Applications of Disc q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Sets presents comprehensive methodological frameworks and the latest empirical research findings concerning disc q-rung orthopair fuzzy operators, with a specific focus on their applications in smart technologies for healthcare management. The book solves a crucial problem by offering readers an invaluable opportunity to conduct a comparative analysis, contrasting the proposed methods with their existing knowledge base. Disc q-Rung Orthopair sets, being the generalization of q-Rung Orthopair fuzzy sets, which are, in turn, the generalization of Pythagorean fuzzy sets, extend the capabilities of handling uncertainty beyond conventional fuzzy sets.The authors strive to narrow the knowledge gap by clarifying the practical applications of disc q-rung orthopair fuzzy logic. In addition, it explores an enhanced version of q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Sets, specifically focusing on Disc q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Sets, introducing various types of operators. These operators play a crucial role in solving decision-making and optimization problems. A notable contribution is the development of a hybrid operator, termed as the Disc q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Hybrid Weighted Averaging/Geometric (D-qROFHWA/G) operator.

  • ChatGPT

    Principles and Architecture
    • 1st Edition
    • Ge Cheng
    • English
    ChatGPT: Principles and Architecture bridges the knowledge gap between theoretical AI concepts and their practical applications. It equips industry professionals and researchers with a deeper understanding of large language models, enabling them to effectively leverage these technologies in their respective fields. In addition, it tackles the complexity of understanding large language models and their practical applications by demystifying underlying technologies and strategies used in developing ChatGPT and similar models. By combining theoretical knowledge with real-world examples, the book enables readers to grasp the nuances of AI technologies, thus paving the way for innovative applications and solutions in their professional domains.Sections focus on the principles, architecture, pretraining, transfer learning, and middleware programming techniques of ChatGPT, providing a useful resource for the research and academic communities. It is ideal for the needs of industry professionals, researchers, and students in the field of AI and computer science who face daily challenges in understanding and implementing complex large language model technologies.

  • Statistical Modeling and Robust Inference for One-shot Devices

    • 1st Edition
    • Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan + 1 more
    • English
    The study of one-shot devices such as automobile airbags, fire extinguishers, or antigen tests, is rapidly becoming an important problem in the area of reliability engineering. These devices, which are destroyed or must be rebuilt after use, are a particular case of extreme censoring, which makes the problem of estimating their reliability and lifetime challenging. However, classical statistical and inferential methods do not consider the issue of robustness.Statistic... Modeling and Robust Interference for One-shot Devices offers a comprehensive investigation of robust techniques of one-shot devices under accelerated-life tests. With numerous examples and case studies in which the proposed methods are applied, this book includes detailed R codes in selected chapters to help readers implement their own codes and use them in the proposed examples and in their own research on one-shot devicetesting data. Researchers, mathematicians, engineers, and students working on acceleratedlife testing data analysis and robust methodologies will find this to be a welcome resource.

  • Encyclopedia of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology

    • 2nd Edition
    • Shoba Ranganathan + 2 more
    • English
    Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (BCB) combine elements of computer science, information technology, mathematics, statistics, and biotechnology, providing the methodology and in silico solutions to mine biological data and processes, for knowledge discovery.In the era of molecular diagnostics, targeted drug design, translational medicine and Big Data for personalized medicine, computational methods for data analysis are essential tools for biochemistry, biology, biotechnology, pharmacology, biomedical and computer science, as well as mathematics and statistics. New areas are emerging, and relatively isolated fields are becoming current hot research areas in BCB, such as Artificial Intelligence, Quantitative Biology, Computational Vaccinology, Epidemiology and Infection Diffusion, Synthetic Biology, and Phenomics. The role of BCB in characterizing SARS-CoV-2 variants and facing the COVID-19 pandemic is just one example of how these tools can help us better prepare for such future events.This Encyclopedia comprises three sections, covering Methods, Topics, and Applications. The methodologies and algorithms underpinning BCB are described in the Methods section; Topics covers traditional areas such as phylogeny, as well as more recent areas such as translational bioinformatics, cheminformatics and environmental informatics; Applications provides guidance for commonly asked “how to” questions.Navigating the maze of confusing jargon and the plethora of software tools is often confronting for students and researchers alike. This comprehensive and unique resource provides up-to-date theory and application content to address molecular data analysis requirements, with precise definitions of terminology and lucid explanations by field experts.

  • The UX Book

    Agile UX Design for a Quality User Experience
    • 3rd Edition
    • Rex Hartson + 1 more
    • English
    The UX Book: Agile Design for a Quality User Experience, Third Edition, takes a practical, applied, hands-on approach to UX design based on the application of established and emerging best practices, principles, and proven methods to ensure a quality user experience. The approach is about practice, drawing on the creative concepts of design exploration and visioning to make designs that appeal to the emotions of users, while moving toward processes that are lightweight, rapid, and agile—to make things as good as resources permit and to value time and other resources in the process.Designed as a textbook for aspiring students and a how-to handbook and field guide for UX professionals, the book is accompanied by in-class exercises and team projects.The approach is practical rather than formal or theoretical. The primary goal is to imbue an understanding of what a good user experience is and how to achieve it. To better serve this, processes, methods, and techniques are introduced early to establish process-related concepts as context for discussion in later chapters.

  • Federated Learning for Medical Imaging

    Principles, Algorithms, and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Xiaoxiao Li + 2 more
    • English
    Federated Learning for Medical Imaging: Principles, Algorithms, and Applications gives a deep understanding of the technology of federated learning (FL), the architecture of a federated system, and the algorithms for FL. It shows how FL allows multiple medical institutes to collaboratively train and use a precise machine learning (ML) model without sharing private medical data via practical implantation guidance. The book includes real-world case studies and applications of FL, demonstrating how this technology can be used to solve complex problems in medical imaging. The book also provides an understanding of the challenges and limitations of FL for medical imaging, including issues related to data and device heterogeneity, privacy concerns, synchronization and communication, etc.This book is a complete resource for computer scientists and engineers, as well as clinicians and medical care policy makers, wanting to learn about the application of federated learning to medical imaging.

  • Deep Learning in Action: Image and Video Processing for Practical Use

    • 1st Edition
    • Abdussalam Elhanashi + 1 more
    • English
    Artificial intelligence technology has entered an extraordinary phase of fast development and wide application. The techniques developed in traditional AI research areas, such as computer vision and object recognition, have found many innovative applications in an array of real-world settings. The general methodological contributions from AI, such as a variety of recently developed deep learning algorithms, have also been applied to a wide spectrum of fields such as surveillance applications, real-time processing, IoT devices, and health care systems. The state-of-the-art and deep learning models have wider applicability and are highly efficient. Deep Learning in Action: Image and Video Processing for Practical Use provides a comprehensive and accessible resource for both intermediate to advanced readers seeking to harness the power of deep learning in the domains of video and image processing. The book bridges the gap between theoretical concepts and practical implementation by emphasizing lightweight approaches, enabling readers to efficiently apply deep learning techniques to real-world scenarios. It focuses on resource-efficient methods, making it particularly relevant in contexts where computational constraints are a concern.

  • Quantum Process Algebra

    • 1st Edition
    • Yong Wang
    • English
    Quantum Process Algebra introduces readers to the algebraic properties and laws for quantum computing. The book provides readers with all aspects of algebraic theory for quantum computing, including the basis of semantics and axiomatization for quantum computing. With the assumption of a quantum system, readers will learn to solve the modeling of the three main components in a quantum system: the unitary operator, quantum measurement, and quantum entanglement, with full support of quantum and classical computing in closed systems. Next, the book establishes the relationship between probabilistic quantum bisimilarity and classical probabilistic bisimilarity, including strong probabilistic bisimilarity and weak probabilistic bisimilarity, which makes an axiomatization of quantum processes possible. With this framework, quantum and classical computing mixed processes are unified with the same structured operational semantics. Finally, the book establishes a series of axiomatizations of quantum process algebras. These process algebras support nearly all the main computation properties. Quantum and classical computing in closed quantum systems are unified with the same equational logic and the same structured operational semantics under the framework of ACP-like probabilistic process algebra. This unification means that the mathematics in the book can be used widely for verification of quantum and classical computing mixed systems, for example, most quantum communication protocols. ACP-like axiomatization also inherits the advantages of ACP, for example, and modularity means that it can be extended in an elegant way.

  • Digital Twin, Blockchain, and Sensor Networks in the Healthy and Mobile City

    • 1st Edition
    • Tuan Anh Nguyen
    • English
    In smart cities, information and communication technologies are integrated to exchange real-time data between citizens, governments, and organizations. Blockchain provides security for communication and transactions between multiple stakeholders. Digital twin refers to a simulation of physical products in a virtual space. This simulation fully utilizes the physical models, wireless sensor networks, and historical data of city operation to integrate big information (digital twin cities) under multidiscipline, multiphysical quantities, multiscale, and multiprobability.Dig... Twin, Blockchain, and Sensor Networks in the Healthy and Mobile City explores how digital twins and blockchain can be used in smart cities. Part 1 deals with their promising applications for healthy cities. Part 2 covers other promising applications and current perspectives of blockchain and digital twins for future smart society and smart city mobility. Together with its companion volume, Digital Twin and Blockchain for Sensor Networks in Smart Cities, this book helps to understand the vast amount of data around the city to encourage happy, healthy, safe, and productive lives.

  • Necrobotics for Healthcare Applications and Management

    • 1st Edition
    • Hemachandran Kannan + 4 more
    • English
    Necrobotics for Healthcare Applications and Management delves into the emerging area of necrobotics and its implications for healthcare. Exploring the convergence of robotics, technology, and healthcare, the book presents leading-edge research, practical implementations, and ethical considerations. It bridges a significant gap in healthcare literature, furnishing a contemporary and comprehensive perspective on necrobotics. Highlighting its distinct applications, management nuances, and ethical dimensions in the domain of medical robotics, the book equips readers with an in-depth grasp of this evolving field. It offers insights into technological intricacies, practical utilization, and ethical guidelines. Through real-world case studies and exemplar practices, it vividly demonstrates successful necrobotics deployments while addressing integration challenges. The book facilitates adept navigation of necrobotics complexities, spur innovation, enhance patient outcomes, and contribute to healthcare evolution. Catering to the distinct information requisites and daily obstacles encountered by engineers, healthcare practitioners, and researchers, the book offers extensive insights into necrobotics technologies, real-life case studies, and ethical reflections. It stands as a valuable resource for individuals striving to harness necrobotics' potential for efficacious healthcare solutions.

  • Digital Twin and Blockchain for Sensor Networks in Smart Cities

    • 1st Edition
    • Tuan Anh Nguyen
    • English
    Digital twin, blackchain, and wireless sensor networks can work together to improve services in the smart city. Big data derived from wireless sensor networks can be integrated to accommodate the exchange of real-time data between citizens, governments, and organizations. Blockchain can provide high security for large-scale communications and transactions between many stakeholders. Digital twin uses physical models and historical data to integrate big information under multidiscipline, multiphysical quantities, multiscale, and multiprobability conditions.Digital Twin and Blockchain for Sensor Networks in Smart Cities explores how digital twin and blockchain can be optimized to improve services. This book is divided into three parts. Part 1 focuses on the fundamental concepts of blockchain and digital twin for sensor networks in the smart cities, while Part 2 describes their applications for managing the regular operations and services. Part 3 deals with their applications for safe cities.

  • Artificial Neural Networks and Type-2 Fuzzy Set

    Elements of Soft Computing and Its Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Snehashish Chakraverty + 2 more
    • English
    Soft computing is an emerging discipline which aims to exploit tolerance for imprecision, approximate reasoning, and uncertainty to achieve robustness, tractability, and cost effectiveness for building intelligent machines. Soft computing methodologies include neural networks, fuzzy sets, genetic algorithms, Bayesian networks, and rough sets, among others. In this regard, neural networks are widely used for modeling dynamic solvers, classification of data, and prediction of solutions, whereas fuzzy sets provide a natural framework for dealing with uncertainty. Artificial Neural Networks and Type-2 Fuzzy Set: Elements of Soft Computing and Its Applications covers the fundamental concepts and the latest research on variants of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), including scientific machine learning and Type-2 Fuzzy Set (T2FS). In addition, the book also covers different applications for solving real-world problems along with various examples and case studies. It may be noted that quite a bit of research has been done on ANN and Fuzzy Set theory/ Fuzzy logic. However, Artificial Neural Networks and Type-2 Fuzzy Set is the first book to cover the use of ANN and fuzzy set theory with regards to Type-2 Fuzzy Set in static and dynamic problems in one place. Artificial Neural Networks and Type-2 Fuzzy Sets are two of the most widely used computational intelligence techniques for solving complex problems in various domains. Both ANN and T2FS have unique characteristics that make them suitable for different types of problems. This book provides the reader with in-depth understanding of how to apply these computational intelligence techniques in various fields of science and engineering in general and static and dynamic problems in particular. Further, for validation purposes of the ANN and fuzzy models, the obtained solutions of each model in the book is compared with already existing solutions that have been obtained with numerical or analytical methods.

  • Blockchain and Digital Twin for Smart Healthcare

    • 1st Edition
    • Tuan Anh Nguyen
    • English
    The smart hospital framework involves three main layers: data, insight and access. Medical data is collected real-time from devices and systems in a smart hospitals: the internet of medical things. This data is integrated to provide insight from the analytics or machine learning software using digital twins. Security and transparency are brought through a combination of digital twin and blockchain technologies. Blockchain and Digital Twins for Smart Healthcare describes the role of blockchain and digital twins in smart healthcare. It describes the ecosystem of the Internet of Medical Things, how data can be gathered using a sensor network, which is securely stored, updated and managed with blockchain for efficient and private medical data exchange. The end goal is insight that provides faster, smarter decisions with more efficiency to improve care for the patient.

  • Dimensionality Reduction in Machine Learning

    • 1st Edition
    • Jamal Amani Rad + 2 more
    • English
    Dimensionality Reduction in Machine Learning covers both the mathematical and programming sides of dimension reduction algorithms, comparing them in various aspects. Part One provides an introduction to Machine Learning and the Data Life Cycle, with chapters covering the basic concepts of Machine Learning, essential mathematics for Machine Learning, and the methods and concepts of Feature Selection. Part Two covers Linear Methods for Dimension Reduction, with chapters on Principal Component Analysis and Linear Discriminant Analysis. Part Three covers Non-Linear Methods for Dimension Reduction, with chapters on Linear Local Embedding, Multi-dimensional Scaling, and t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding.Finally, Part Four covers Deep Learning Methods for Dimension Reduction, with chapters on Feature Extraction and Deep Learning, Autoencoders, and Dimensionality reduction in deep learning through group actions. With this stepwise structure and the applied code examples, readers become able to apply dimension reduction algorithms to different types of data, including tabular, text, and image data.

  • Advances in Computational Methods and Modeling for Science and Engineering

    • 1st Edition
    • Hari M Srivastava + 2 more
    • English
    Advances in Computational Methods and Modelling in Science and Engineering explores the application of computational techniques and modeling approaches in science and engineering, providing practical knowledge and skills for tackling complex problems using numerical simulations and data analysis. This book addresses the need for a cohesive and up-to-date resource in the rapidly evolving field of computational methods. It consolidates diverse topics, serving as a one-stop guide for individuals seeking a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. Sections focus on mathematical techniques that provide global solutions for models arising in engineering and scientific research applications by considering their long-term benefits.The mathematical treatment of these models is very helpful in understanding these models and their real-world applications. The methods and modeling techniques presented are useful for mathematicians, engineers, scientists, and researchers working on the mathematical treatment of models in a wide range of applications, including disciplines such as engineering, physics, chemistry, computer science, and applied mathematics.

  • Data Mining

    Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques
    • 5th Edition
    • Ian H. Witten + 4 more
    • English
    **2026 Textbook and Academic Authors Association (TAA) Textbook Excellence "Texty" Award Winner**Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques, Fifth Edition, offers a thorough grounding in machine learning concepts, along with practical advice on applying these tools and techniques in real-world data mining situations. This highly anticipated new edition of the most acclaimed work on data mining and machine learning teaches readers everything they need to know to get going, from preparing inputs, interpreting outputs, evaluating results, to the algorithmic methods at the heart of successful data mining approaches.Extensive updates reflect the technical changes and modernizations that have taken place in the field since the last edition, including more recent deep learning content on topics such as generative AI (GANs, VAEs, diffusion models), large language models (transformers, BERT and GPT models), and adversarial examples, as well as a comprehensive treatment of ethical and responsible artificial intelligence topics. Authors Ian H. Witten, Eibe Frank, Mark A. Hall, and Christopher J. Pal, along with new author James R. Foulds, include today’s techniques coupled with the methods at the leading edge of contemporary research

  • The Core Network for 5G Advanced

    • 2nd Edition
    • Stefan Rommer + 5 more
    • English
    The Core Network for 5G Advanced, Second Edition covers up to the 3GPP release 17 & 18 which includes the core network for 5G Advanced as well as a large number of new features added by 3GPP to expand the initial 5G Core specifications in rel-15/16. This new release includes A complete update to reflect developments in Releases 17 and 18, along with new chapters on Service Exposure, non-3GPP access, 3GPP access for new use cases, Edge computing, Industry and Enterprise features, Regulatory services and Network automation and AI/ML, an overview of the 5G Core Architecture, and much more.Examples of 5G network deployment options for different use cases are also included. Written by authors who are heavily involved in the development of 5G standards, and who have written several successful books on 4G and 5G Core Networks, this book provides an authoritative reference on the technologies and standards of the 3GPP 5G Core network.

  • Blockchain and Digital Twin for Smart Hospitals

    • 1st Edition
    • Tuan Anh Nguyen
    • English
    Blockchain and Digital Twins for Smart Healthcare describes the role of blockchain and digital twins in smart healthcare, covering the ecosystem of the Internet of Medical Things, how data can be gathered using a sensor network, which is securely stored, updated, and managed with blockchain for efficient and private medical data exchange. Medical data is collected real-time from devices and systems in smart hospitals: the internet of medical things. This data is integrated to provide insight from the analytics or machine learning software using digital twins. Security and transparency are brought through a combination of digital twin and blockchain technologies.

  • Fractional Modeling of Fluid Flow and Transport Phenomena

    • 1st Edition
    • Mohamed F. El-Amin
    • English
    Fractional Modeling of Fluid Flow and Transport Phenomena focuses on mathematical and numerical aspects of fractional-order modeling in fluid flow and transport phenomena. The book covers fundamental concepts, advancements, and practical applications, including modeling developments, numerical solutions, and convergence analysis for both time and space fractional order models. Various types of flows are explored, such as single- and multi-phase flows in porous media, involving different fluid types like Newtonian, non-Newtonian, nanofluids, and ferrofluids. This book serves as a comprehensive reference on fractional-order modeling of fluid flow and transport phenomena, offering a single resource that is currently unavailable.Fraction... modeling has gained traction in engineering and science, particularly in fluid dynamics and transport phenomena. However, its mathematical and numerical advancements have progressed relatively slowly compared to other aspects. Therefore, this book emphasizes the fractional-order modeling of fluid flow and transport phenomena to bridge this gap. Each chapter in the book delves into a specific topic closely related to the others, ensuring a cohesive and self-contained structure.

  • Applied Graph Data Science

    Graph Algorithms and Platforms, Knowledge Graphs, Neural Networks, and Applied Use Cases
    • 1st Edition
    • Pethuru Raj + 4 more
    • English
    Applied Graph Data Science: Graph Algorithms and Platforms, Knowledge Graphs, Neural Networks, and Applied Use Cases delineates how graph data science significantly empowers the application of data science. The book discusses the emerging paradigm of graph data science in detail along with its practical research and real-world applications. Readers will be enriched with the knowledge of graph data science, graph analytics, algorithms, databases, platforms, and use cases across a variety of research and topics and applications. This book also presents how graphs are used as a programming language, especially demonstrating how Sleptsov Net Computing can contribute as an entirely graphical concurrent processing language for supercomputers. Graph data science is emerging as an expressive and illustrative data structure for optimally representing a variety of data types and their insightful relationships. These data structures include graph query languages, databases, algorithms, and platforms. From here, powerful analytics methods and machine learning/deep learning (ML/DL) algorithms are quickly evolving to analyze and make sense out of graph data. As a result, ground-breaking use cases across scientific research topics and industry verticals are being developed using graph data representation and manipulation. A wide range of complex business and scientific research requirements are efficiently represented and solved through graph data analysis, and Applied Graph Data Science: Graph Algorithms and Platforms, Knowledge Graphs, Neural Networks, and Applied Graph Data Science gives readers both the conceptual foundations and technical methods for applying these powerful techniques.

  • Advanced Sensors for Smart Healthcare

    • 1st Edition
    • Tuan Anh Nguyen
    • English
    Advanced Sensors for Smart Healthcare provides an invaluable resource for researchers and healthcare practitioners who are eager to use technology to improve the lives of patients. Sections highlight data from sensor networks via the smart hospital framework, including data, insights, and access. This book shows how the use of sensors to gather data on a patient's condition and the environment their care takes place in can allow healthcare professionals to monitor well-being and make informed decisions about treatment.

  • Computational Intelligence for Genomics Data

    • 1st Edition
    • Babita Pandey + 4 more
    • English
    Computational Intelligence for Genomics Data presents an overview of machine learning and deep learning techniques being developed for the analysis of genomic data and the development of disease prediction models. The book focuses on machine and deep learning techniques applied to dimensionality reduction, feature extraction, and expressive gene selection. It includes designs, algorithms, and simulations on MATLAB and Python for larger prediction models and explores the possibilities of software and hardware-based applications and devices for genomic disease prediction. With the inclusion of important case studies and examples, this book will be a helpful resource for researchers, graduate students, and professional engineers.

  • Professional Penetration Testing

    Creating and Learning in a Hacking Lab
    • 3rd Edition
    • Thomas Wilhelm
    • English
    Professional Penetration Testing: Creating and Learning in a Hacking Lab, Third Edition walks the reader through the entire process of setting up and running a pen test lab. Penetration testing—the act of testing a computer network to find security vulnerabilities before they are maliciously exploited—is a crucial component of information security in any organization. Chapters cover planning, metrics, and methodologies, the details of running a pen test, including identifying and verifying vulnerabilities, and archiving, reporting and management practices. The material presented will be useful to beginners through advanced practitioners.Here, author Thomas Wilhelm has delivered penetration testing training to countless security professionals, and now through the pages of this book, the reader can benefit from his years of experience as a professional penetration tester and educator. After reading this book, the reader will be able to create a personal penetration test lab that can deal with real-world vulnerability scenarios. "...this is a detailed and thorough examination of both the technicalities and the business of pen-testing, and an excellent starting point for anyone getting into the field." –Network Security

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