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Elsevier

Books in Chemistry

Chemistry topic areas include: physical and theoretical, computational, organic, organometallic and inorganic, pharmaceutical and medicinal, analytical and bioanalytical, nuclear, general, nanochemistry, geochemistry, materials and polymer, as well as environmental, green and sustainable chemistry.

  • Theoretical Chemistry Advances and Perspectives

    • 1st Edition
    • Henry Eyring
    • English
    Theoretical Chemistry: Advances and Perspectives, Volume 1 analyzes all aspects of theoretical chemistry. This volume describes the statistical techniques for studying the nonequilibrium behavior of physical systems, followed by a discussion on the theory of optical activity. The interactions of inert gas molecules at large separations and conformal theory of solutions are also reviewed. This book likewise covers the application of the Hartree-Fock approximation to solids. Other topics include the line of sight interaction model, calculation of long-range interaction coefficients, perturbation expansion, common M-fluid theories, and classical Madelung sums. This publication is intended for researchers and practitioners of disciplines related to theoretical chemistry.

  • Introduction to Quasicrystals

    • 1st Edition
    • Marko Jaric
    • English
    Aperiodicity and Order, Volume 1: Introduction to Quasicrystals deals with various aperiodic types of order in quasicrystals as well as the basic physics of quasicrystalline order and materials. Questions about the nature of order and the order of nature are addressed. This volume is comprised of six chapters; the first of which introduces the reader to icosahedral coordination in metallic crystals, with emphasis on the structural principles of metallic materials that are crystalline and may be expected to carry over to aperiodic materials. The discussion then turns to short- and long-range icosahedral orders in glass, crystals, and quasicrystals. The origins of icosahedral order are explained, and the physical properties of icosahedral materials are described. The chapters that follow focus on the metallurgy of quasicrystals, the crystallography of ideal icosahedral crystals, and stability and deformations in quasicrystalline solids. The book concludes with a discussion on symmetry, elasticity, and hydrodynamics in quasiperiodic structures. A pedagogical review of continuum elastic-hydrodynamic theory for quasicrystals and related structures is presented. This book is intended primarily as an introduction for new students in the field and as a reference for active researchers.

  • The Radiation Chemistry of Water

    • 1st Edition
    • Ivan Draganic
    • English
    The Radiation Chemistry of Water tackles radiation-induced changes in water and explains the behavior of irradiated water, with some changes in aqueous solutions. This book deals primarily with short-lived species like the hydroxyl radical, hydrated electron, and hydrogen atom, which cause the chemical changes in irradiated water and aqueous solutions. These species and their origin, properties, and dependence of their yields on various factors are discussed in several chapters. Other topics also covered are the diffusion-kinetic model of water radiolysis and some general cases, radiation sources, and dosimetry. This book is most useful to students in the fields of radiation chemistry, physical chemistry, radiobiology, and nuclear technology.

  • Ballistic Materials and Penetration Mechanics

    • 1st Edition
    • Roy Laible
    • English
    Ballistic Materials and Penetration Mechanics deals with ballistically protective materials and penetration mechanics. The book discusses historical and practical considerations of ballistic protection, including metallic armor, as well as ballistic testing methodology, the ability of a protective material to stop or slow down a particular projectile, and the theoretical aspects of penetration mechanics. It also highlights the importance of stress wave analysis in the penetration and spalling phenomena. Organized into 12 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the history of the armor and the modern helmet. It proceeds with a discussion of variations in ballistic test methods, errors in test methods, and the importance of the hardness and geometry of both the target and the projectile. The next chapters focus on the importance of fibrous armor, materials that are visually transparent and resistant to penetration by high-energy projectiles and fragments, and transparent armor and ceramic composite armor. The reader is also introduced to materials used in the design of metallic armor, the role of stress waves in the penetration problem, and the use of computer simulation to analyze ballistic impact experiments. The book looks at numerical techniques for modeling hypervelocity impact and concludes with a chapter on the penetration mechanics of textile structures. This book is a valuable resource for scientists working at government, industrial, and university laboratories, as well as law enforcement officers and others who want information on materials that provide the best protection against damage from impacts, explosions, and bullets.

  • The Chemistry of Indoles

    • 1st Edition
    • Richard Sundberg
    • English
    Organic Chemistry, Volume 18: The Chemistry of Indoles discusses the chemistry of indole derivatives. This book explores the potent biological activity of several indole derivatives and explains the structure of indole alkaloids. Organized into 10 chapters, this monograph starts with an overview of the most important types of reactions of the indole ring on a mechanical basis. This text then proceeds to review the methods of synthesizing indoles and describes the oxidations and rearrangements of indole derivatives. Other chapters explore the special features of the synthesis and reactivity of hydroxyindoles, acylindoles, and aminoindoles. This book discusses as well the properties of carboxyl groups, which is substituted on the benzenoid ring of the indole nucleus that is typical of aromatic carboxylic acids. The final chapter deals with the certain classes of indoles that are found in nature. Chemists, researchers, and readers interested in the chemistry of indoles will find this book extremely useful.

  • Advances in Magnetic Resonance

    The Waugh Symposium
    • 1st Edition
    • Warren S. Warren
    • English
    Advances in Magnetic Resonance: The Waugh Symposium, Volume 14 is a collection of manuscripts presented at the 1989 symposium on “High Resolution NMR in Solids”, held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The contributors provide 20- to 30-page articles consistent with AMR’s traditional emphasis on quantitative analysis of NMR techniques. Organized into 13 chapters, this book discusses the principles triple-quantum filtered two-dimensional exchange spectroscopy and its application in the measurement of cross correlation between pairs of dipole-dipole interactions. It then describes alternative ways of using fictitious spin in pulsed nuclear quadrupole resonance or NMR. General topics on the application of optical spectroscopy; the saturation of spin-spin energy by slow continuous bulk rotation; the frequency-switched Lee-Goldburg pulse cycle; and high-resolution proton NMR in solid systems are also explored. A chapter examines an entirely different view of spin dynamics in the presence of radio-frequency fields. This book also deals with the theoretical background and application of solid-state and zero-field NMR spectroscopies to structure determination. Lastly, the utilization of the Floquet formalism in the design of broadband propagators in two-level systems and the two classes of novel NMR phenomena related to the symmetrization postulate are discussed. Analytical and quantum chemists, physicists, biochemists, and materials science researchers will find this book invaluable.

  • Nuclear Spectroscopy and Reactions 40-A

    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph Cerny
    • English
    Nuclear Spectroscopy and Reactions, Part A covers information regarding the development of nuclear spectroscopy and its reactions, while emphasizing in-beam spectroscopy. This part specifically covers concerns regarding accelerators, specialized auxiliary equipment, and measurement techniques for charged particles and gamma rays. Organized into three major sections, this book first discusses accelerators in low- and intermediate-energy nuclear physics, and then covers electrostatic accelerators, cyclotron, and specialized accelerators. The second section covers polarized beam and targets, as well as on-line mass separations. The last section discusses the measurement of charged particle and gamma ray spectra including the detection of semiconductor radiation, large Nal, and charged particles. This book is written to primarily benefit graduate students who are engaged in research that concerns nuclear spectroscopy.

  • Aluminum Alloys--Contemporary Research and Applications

    Contemporary Research and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 31
    • A. K. Vasudevan + 1 more
    • English
    This book discusses the structure and properties of the current and potential aluminum alloys in terms of their structure (and structural transformations by new processing methods) and the relationship between structure and mechanical and other properties. The alternative materials that challenge aluminum are considered as well, since the challenge of new competitive materials is a strong influence on innovation. The book bridges the gap between current scientific understanding and engineering practice. It is an up-to-date reference that will be of use to researchers and advanced students in metallurgy and materials engineering.

  • Nuclear Spectroscopy and Reactions 40-D

    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph Cerny
    • English
    Nuclear Spectroscopy and Reactions, Part D covers information regarding the development of nuclear spectroscopy and its reactions, while emphasizing in-beam spectroscopy. This part covers the general theoretical concepts of nuclear investigations. This book provides in-depth analysis of several concepts of nuclear spectroscopy, such as models of heavy and light nuclei, approaches in resonance reactions, inelastic scattering, charge exchange, and one- and two-nucleon transfer reactions. This series is written to primarily benefit graduate students who are engaged in research that concerns nuclear spectroscopy.

  • Theoretical Chemistry Advances and Perspectives V2

    • 1st Edition
    • Henry Eyring
    • English
    Theoretical Chemistry: Advances and Perspectives, Volume 2 covers all aspects of theoretical chemistry. This book reviews the techniques that have been proven successful in the study of interatomic potentials in order to describe the interactions between complex molecules. The ground state properties of the interacting electron gas when a magnetic field is present are also elaborated, followed by a discussion on the Gellman-Brueckner-Ma... theory of the correlation energy that has applications in atomic and molecular systems. This volume considers the instability of the Hartree-Fock ground state in a magnetic field and very high magnetic fields that are pertinent to the structure of matter in collapsed stellar objects. The electron-hole plasma in certain highly-doped semiconductors and many-electron correlation problem are likewise included. This publication is a good reference for students and researchers conducting work on the mathematical description of chemistry.

  • Carboxylic Ortho Acid Derivatives: Preparation and Synthetic Applications

    Preparation and Synthetic Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Robert H. Dewolfe
    • English
    Carboxylic Ortho Acid Derivatives: Preparation and Synthetic Applications discusses the principal classes of ortho acid derivatives and their preparation, properties, and reactions. The book is a critical survey and attempts to collate literature regarding the wide array of information on ortho acid derivatives to be of use to chemists studying different sorts of problems. The text is divided into seven chapters, where Chapter 1 begins with a discussion of the general concepts of carboxylic ortho esters, their synthesis, and properties. Chapters 2 to 4 tackle reactions of ortho esters that result to different bonds and bond formations such as (a) carbon-oxygen and carbon-halogen bond, (b) carbon-nitrogen or carbon-phosphorus, and (c) carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bond formation. Chapter 5 discusses the synthesis, properties, and applications of carbohydrate ortho esters. Related compounds and their properties, preparation, and chemical transformations are the topic of Chapters 6 and 7. Some of these compounds are trithioorthocarboxyl... tetrathioorthocarbon... and amide acetals. The book is a valuable reference to students or anyone else interested in chemistry.

  • Polymer Thermodynamics by Gas Chromatography

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 4
    • R. Vîlcu + 1 more
    • English
    This book presents direct and inverse gas chromatography as a powerful tool for determining a great number of thermodynamic properties and quantities for micro- and especially for macromolecular substances. In order to ensure the continuity and clarity of the presentation, the book first considers some frequently used concepts of chromatography with a mobile gas phase, i.e. the mechanism of separation, retention parameters and the theories of gas chromatography. The employment of this technique as an important method of studying solutions through the most representative statistical models is also discussed. The thermodynamics of direct gas chromatography, as applied to dissolution, adsorption and vaporization underlies the thermodynamic treatment of inverse gas chromatography. The most extensive chapter of the book is devoted to the thermodynamics of inverse gas chromatography and deals with a number of important topics: phase transitions in crystalline-amorphou... polymers and liquid crystals, glass transitions, other second order transitions in polymers, the determination of diffusion coefficients, the segregation of block copolymers and other applications.This book is intended for those specialists in research and industry who are concerned with the modification and characterization of polymers, with establishing polymer applications, and with the processing of polymers. It will also be useful to students and specialists interested in the physico-chemical basis of the phenomena involved in gas chromatography in general and its inverse variant in particular.

  • Reaction Mechanisms in Sulphuric Acid and other Strong Acid Solutions

    • 1st Edition
    • M Liler
    • English
    Reaction Mechanisms in Sulfuric Acid and other Strong Acid Solutions covers the reactivity in sulfuric acid and other strongly acid solutions. This book is composed of five chapters that emphasize the measure of acidity of sulfuric acid and other acid solutions. Chapters 1 and 2 discuss the physical, thermodynamic, spectroscopic properties, and acidity functions of sulfuric acid/water mixtures. Chapters 3 and 4 examine the protonation and more complex modes of ionization of compounds in these acidic media. Chapter 5 outlines first the possible mechanisms of reactions in acid solutions followed by a discussion of mechanistic criteria that have been developed in order to distinguish between kinetically indistinguishable alternatives. This chapter also presents some methods of kinetic investigation, which are specific to concentrated sulfuric acid solutions. Inorganic chemists and researchers, teachers, and students will find this book invaluable.

  • The Principles of Ion-Selective Electrodes and of Membrane Transport

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • W.E. Morf
    • English
    The Principles of Ion Selective Electrodes and of Membrane Transport is a collection of research works on the theory, principles, and fundamentals of ion-selective electrodes and of membrane transport. This book is organized into two parts encompassing 15 chapters that highlight the application of the membrane model. Part A is a general discussion of membrane potentials and membrane transport. This part describes the formulations of the interfacial potential contribution due to phase boundaries. This part also explores the diffusion potential, the nonideality of diffusion layers or membrane phases, the liquid-junction potential arising in conventional potentiometric measuring cells. Other topics covered in this part include the practical solution for the membrane potential; the ion-transport and the electrical properties of bulk membranes; and the characteristics of lipid bilayer membranes. Part B considers the fundamentals of ion-selective electrodes. This part begins with discussions of the principles, response behavior, ion selectivity, and detection limits of solid-state membrane electrodes. This part also examines several important extensions and modifications of the Sandblom-Eisenman-Wa... theory; the characteristics of neutral carrier membrane electrodes; and the theory of glass electrodes.

  • Problem Solving with Microbeam Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 7
    • K. Kiss
    • English
    This book provides the reader with a working knowledge sufficient to select microbeam techniques for the efficient, cost-effective solution of complex problems arising in today's high-tech industries. Primarily written for the industrial analyst whose field of expertise is other than microbeam analysis, it will also be of help to engineers, plant chemists and industrial research scientists who often seek the aid of the microbeam analyst in their problem solving. Research and plant managers as well as administrators may also find this book helpful since they may be called upon to select and/or approve high-priced microbeam instruments.The book is organized into two parts. Part I gives a brief description of the various techniques and critically compares their capabilities and limitations. Part II consists of selected applications which show how the various techniques or their combinations are applied to characterize materials and to guide research in a wide variety of fields. The examples and case histories will undoubtedly aid the reader in problem solving, quality assurance and research-related tasks. Newcomers to the field will find enough information in the book to enable them to begin practical work and to apply the techniques.

  • Advances in Magnetic Resonance

    The Waugh Symposium
    • 1st Edition
    • Warren S. Warren
    • English
    Advances in Magnetic Resonance: The Waugh Symposium, Volume 13 is a collection of manuscripts presented at the 1989 conference on “High Resolution NMR in Solids” at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This conference recognizes the accomplishments of John S. Waugh and his colleagues in the entire field of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in solids. Organized into 11 chapters, this book first discusses the principles, limitations, and applications of single crystal, deuterium, proton, and rotational-echo double resonance NMR techniques. It then deals with other NMR methods, such as two-dimensional, electrophoretic, and site-selective excitation NMR, with particular emphasis on their theoretical background and application in solid systems. Other chapters describe several hybrid two-dimensional experiments leading to a significant increase in spectral quality. Discussions on the advantages of utilizing two-dimensional solid-state NMR in studying the complex and highly orientable biological samples such as DNA are provided in the concluding chapters of the book. This volume also provides the 113Cd NMR results in the prediction of the 113Cd shielding tensor orientation in the real ligand geometry at a metal site. Analytical and quantum chemists, physicists, biochemists, and materials science researchers will find this book invaluable.

  • Molecular Connectivity in Chemistry and Drug Research

    • 1st Edition
    • Lemont Kier
    • English
    Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 14: Molecular Connectivity in Chemistry and Drug Research is a 10-chapter text that focuses on the molecular connectivity approach for quantitative evaluation of molecular structure of drugs. Molecular connectivity is a nonempirical derivation of numerical value that encode within them sufficient information to relate to many physicochemical and biological properties. This book outlines first the development of molecular connectivity approach, followed by considerable chapters on its application to evaluation of physicochemical properties of drugs. Other chapters explore the application of molecular connectivity to structure-activity studies in medicinal chemistry. The final chapters provide some reflections, challenges, and potential areas of investigation of molecular connectivity. Advanced undergraduate or graduate students in medicinal chemistry or pharmacology, practicing scientists, and theoretical chemists will find this book invaluable.

  • Molecular Design

    Chemical Structure Generation from the Properties of Pure Organic Compounds
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 75
    • A.L. Horvath
    • English
    This book is a systematic presentation of the methods that have been developed for the interpretation of molecular modeling to the design of new chemicals. The main feature of the compilation is the co-ordination of the various scientific disciplines required for the generation of new compounds. The five chapters deal with such areas as structure and properties of organic compounds, relationships between structure and properties, and models for structure generation. The subject is covered in sufficient depth to provide readers with the necessary background to understand the modeling techniques. The book will be of value to chemists in industries involved in the manufacture of organic chemicals such as solvents refrigerants, blood substitutes, etc. It also serves as a reference work for researchers, academics, consultants, and students interested in molecular design.

  • Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions

    • 1st Edition
    • Elliot Marvell
    • English
    Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions explores the applications of thermal electrocyclic reactions to stereospecific synthesis. This book is divided into nine chapters, and begins with a presentation of the theory of electrocylic reactions using orbital conversions through symmetry operations and correlation diagrams. Considerable chapters are devoted to various conjugate systems entering an electrocyclic process, including two-electron, four electron-three-, four-, and five-atom, and six electron-five-, and six-atom systems. The remaining chapters examine the electrocyclic reaction of longer systems, including eight or more π electrons, as well as conjugated systems with an odd number of electrons, which constitute a special case in the conservation of orbital symmetry. This book will be of great value to organic chemists and researchers.

  • Oxidation in Organic Chemistry 5-D

    • 1st Edition
    • Walter Trahanovsky
    • English
    Organic Chemistry, A Series of Monographs, Volume 5-D: Oxidation in Organic Chemistry is a four-chapter text that discusses the specific oxidants in oxidation reactions of organic compounds. Chapter I covers oxidations with lead tetraacetate, an oxidant that has been used widely for the selective oxidation of a variety of functional groups. Chapter II examines an oxidant that has a long and extensive history, the permanganate, with emphasis on phase transfer assisted permanganate oxidations. Chapter III discusses the intramolecular oxidative coupling of aromatic substrates, highlighting the utility of developed methods, such as vanadium oxytrifluoride oxidations, in the syntheses of complex natural products. Chapter IV describes the process of coal oxidation with emphasis on the selective oxidative degradation procedures as tools for characterization of coal structure. This text will be of value to organic chemists, researchers, teachers, and students who are interested in oxidation of organic compounds.

  • Survey of Progress in Chemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 6
    • Arthur Scott
    • English
    Survey of Progress in Chemistry, Volume 6 is a five-chapter text that covers the developments of some areas in chemistry. Chapter 1 describes the unusual reactivity of ruthenium(II) amines and outlines some qualitative ideas that help in understanding the chemistry of Ru(II) in relation to that of comparison ions. This text also examines the affinity of Ru(II) for unsaturated ligands and the chemical effects of back-bonding on the properties of ligands. Chapter 2 investigates the concept of the so-called “chemical evolution” and its role in the origins of life on Earth. Chapter 3 presents the various methods that have been applied to follow the rates of ionization of carbon acids. Chapter 4 focuses on the mechanisms of pericyclic reactions and orbital symmetry. This chapter specifically tackles cycloadditions, electrocyclizations, sigmatropic shifts, chelotropic reactions, group transfers, and some types of addition and elimination reactions. Chapter 5 discusses the fundamentals of polypeptide conformation and the conformation and function of selected peptides. This book is an ideal source for chemistry teachers and students.

  • Survey of Progress in Chemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 9
    • Arthur Scott
    • English
    Survey of Progress in Chemistry, Volume 9 provides information pertinent to the essential developments in chemistry. This book discusses the several topics related to chemistry, including organic anions, intercalation compounds, water decomposition, and heterocyclic compounds. Organized into four chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the success of two-phase methods, which is illustrated by their general applicability as well as by their simplicity and effectiveness. This text then examines the main characteristic of two-phase methods wherein the reactants are located in two, mutually insoluble phases, an aqueous, and a nonpolar organic phase. Other chapters consider several main variants and terms describing the application of the approach to problems of organic synthesis. This book discusses as well the criteria for the choice of a catalyst in two-phase reactions. The final chapter deals with the major alkaloid structural types derived from plant sources. This book is a valuable resource for organic chemists.

  • Diatomic Interaction Potential Theory

    Fundamentals
    • 1st Edition
    • Jerry Goodisman
    • English
    Diatomic Interaction Potential Theory, Volume 1: Fundamentals deals with the theoretical approaches to calculations for diatomic systems in their ground states. More specifically, this book considers the problem of calculating the wave function and energy for the lowest state of a system of N electrons moving in the field of two fixed point charges (the nuclei of a diatomic system) separated by a distance R. Comprised of three chapters, this volume opens with an introduction to the nature of an interatomic interaction potential or potential energy curve. The separation of nuclear from electronic motions is considered, along with the methods used to measure potential energy curves. The next chapter presents a qualitative discussion of potential energy curves, with emphasis on the effects to be expected when two atomic systems are allowed to interact at large separation. The final chapter looks at the main approaches to schemes of calculation: variation theory, perturbation theory, the virial and Hellmann-Feynman theorems, local energy principles, and quantum statistical theories. This monograph will be a useful resource for students and teachers of physical chemistry.

  • Cyclobutadiene and Related Compounds

    • 1st Edition
    • M.P. Cava
    • English
    Cyclobutadiene and Related Compounds describes the four-membered carbocyclic compounds that have only trigonally hybridized carbon atoms in the ring. The book discusses the chemistry of cyclobutadiene and the substituted cyclobutadienes, including the preparation of cyclobutadiene-metal complexes that can be done in four ways. These are (1) by reaction of acetylenes with transition metal compounds, (2) from cyclobutenyl metal complexes, (3) by transformation of other cyclobutadiene-metal complexes, and (4) by trapping cyclobutadienes with transitional metal compounds. The text also describes cyclobutadiene dianion, the chemistry of the cyclobutadienequinon... the condensed methylenecyclobutene aromatic systems, and the higher aromatic analogs of benzocyclobutadiene. The book cites proofs of the structure of biphenylene using chemical and physical methods. The text also presents theoretical aspects of the cyclobutadiene problem including studies regarding the ?-electronic state of cyclobutadiene; the comparisons of some of these studies; the framework energies and Janh-Teller considerations; and the substituted cyclobutadienes, cyclobutadiene divalent ions, and metal complexes. This book is suitable for scientists and researchers working in the field of organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and molecular physics.

  • Nondestructive Activation Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 3
    • S. Amiel
    • English
    Studies in Analytical Chemistry, 3: Nondestructive Activation Analysis focuses on the reactions, principles, methodologies, and approaches involved in nondestructive activation analysis. The selection first offers information on irradiation, measurement and techniques, and manual and computerized data processing in activation analysis. Discussions focus on result computation with Nal(Tl) and Ge(Li) data, analysis of gamma-ray spectra, X-ray, spectrometry, neutron counting in activation analysis, neutron sources, and measurement of very short-lived nuclides. The book then examines applications, including biomedical sciences, geo- and cosmochemistry, applications of trace element analysis to studies of the atmospheric environment, and high purity materials, standards, and reference materials. The text discusses the applications of nondestructive activation analysis to archaeology, industry, and forensics. The selection is a vital reference for researchers wanting to explore nondestructive activation analysis.

  • Conformational Analysis

    Scope and present limitations
    • 1st Edition
    • G Chiurdoglu
    • English
    Conformational Analysis: Scope and Present Limitations contains the proceedings of the Brussels International Symposium on Conformational Analysis held in Brussels, Belgium, in September 1969. The papers focus on the theoretical aspects and applications of conformational analysis, such as those concerning the aliphatic and especially the cyclic series. Topics covered include the geometry of five-membered rings; conformational transmission in steroids; conformational aspects of N-quaternization; and applications of nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry in conformational studies of cyclohexane derivatives. This book is comprised of 20 chapters and begins with a discussion on the conformational aspects of some five-membered ring compounds based mainly on observed (diffraction methods) and calculated torsional angles. The reader is then introduced to nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the conformations and conformational barriers in cyclic molecules; conformational studies of six-membered heterocycles; conformational transmission in steroids; and solvolytic cyclizations involving double bonds. The remaining chapters explore the conformational analysis of methylcyclohexane, cyclohexane systems, and carbonium ions; conformations of membrane-active cyclodepsipeptides; energetics of isomeric transition states and competitive reaction pathways in conformational analysis; and conformational aspects of the reaction of the 1-methylcyclodecane-... with acid. This monograph will be of interest to organic chemists.

  • NMR for Liquid Fossil Fuels

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • L. Petrakis + 1 more
    • English
    High resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of liquid fuels has provided valuable information on the molecular structures present in these fuels. The chemical insight gained through NMR studies has the potential to enhance significantly the development of processes for the utilization of fossil energy. For this potential to be fully realized, users of NMR information must be able to communicate effectively with NMR experts. Conversely, NMR experts must understand the type of information that users will attempt to derive from their spectra. The goal of this book is to strengthen the lines of communication between NMR experts and users in the area of NMR of liquid fuels.The book comprises two parts. The first part presents elements of relevant NMR phenomenology, including a definition of the most important NMR parameters, an introduction to Fourier transform NMR and a discussion of newer pulse techniques. Sufficient background material is presented to enable the reader to follow such techniques as spin echo, two-dimensional and polarization transfer experiments. These techniques are illustrated by extensive examples derived from fuel chemistry. The second part of the book addresses the interpretation of NMR spectra and is based, to a very large extent, on the work of the authors who have used NMR in a variety of applications in fossil fuels. This part describes in detail the three basic methods for interpreting NMR spectra of liquid fuels: average structural parameter calculations, average molecule construction and functional group analysis. The use of NMR in engineering calculations is also presented and should be particularly useful to those interested in processing of fossil fuels. Extensive examples are drawn from petroleum, shale oils, coal liquids and model systems. Computer programs for performing the characterizations from the spectra are provided.The book will appeal to a wide range of professionals. With its emphasis on applications, it will be of particular interest to those who use NMR to characterize liquid fossil fuels or those who provide NMR assistance to fossil fuel scientists and technologists.

  • Survey of Progress in Chemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • Arthur Scott
    • English
    Survey of Progress in Chemistry, Volume 5 is a collection of papers that provides the transmission of instructive material and information from the real chemical world to the classroom teacher or instructor. One paper reviews the HSAB principle (hard and soft acid bases) and notes that it can be regarded as an experimental principle to describe various chemical phenomena in both qualitative and quantitative terms. The principle can be applied in correlating and storing large amounts of data and in predicting results. Another paper shows that an experiment concerning eliminations induced either by halide ions in dipolar aprotic solvents or by mercaptide ions in alcohols can be essentially normal E2 reactions. The microwave spectrum can also be used in identifying compounds and in quantitative analysis. Another paper discusses the physical and chemical consequences of electron hydration and its many possible uses such as in the treatment of cancer and food preservation. One paper examines the fluorescence processes which occur in a liquid scintillator, including the uses of liquid scintillation in determining the solubility of gases or the production of isotopes. This collection is suitable for professors in chemistry, students who are taking advanced courses in chemistry, and other groups of chemists who are interested to know what is happening beyond their specialized work and research.

  • Organic Syntheses with Noble Metal Catalysts

    • 1st Edition
    • Paul N. Rylander
    • English
    Organic Chemistry, Volume 28: Organic Syntheses with Noble Metal Catalysts provides information pertinent to the catalysis by noble metals, which is presented in a form as to be of use to those interested in organic synthesis. This book discusses the mechanistic aspects of reactions. Organized into nine chapters, this volume begins with an overview of catalytic dehydrogenation over platinum metals, which provides a convenient method for synthesis of organic compounds. This text then examines the mechanisms and kinetics of homogeneous hydrogenation. Other chapters consider the oxidation of organic compounds in the presence of noble metal catalysts that may affect a variety of changes, including introduction of alcohol, epoxide, carbonyl, and halogen functions into the molecule. This book discusses as well the differences between osmium tetroxide and ruthenium tetroxide in their reactions with organic compounds. The final chapter deals with noble metal catalysts. This book is a valuable resource for synthetic organic chemists.

  • Survey of Progress in Chemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 7
    • Arthur Scott
    • English
    Survey of Progress in Chemistry, Volume 7 provides information pertinent to the essential developments in chemistry. This book discusses the several topics related to chemistry, including thermodynamics, electron transfer, photochemical reaction pathways, and cosmochemistry. Organized into five chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the physical and chemical properties of the moon. This text then examines the art of applying chemical principles to studies of the nature and origins of extraterrestrial objects. Other chapters consider the photochemistry of coordination compounds. This book discusses as well the study of the kinetics and mechanisms of inorganic compounds, particularly coordination complexes, which comprises an essential part of the total effort in inorganic chemistry. The final chapter deals with some general features of the second law of thermodynamics, which is well known to be expressible by a number of various statements. This book is a valuable resource for chemists, cosmochemists, and chemistry teachers.

  • Nuclear Spectroscopy and Reactions 40-C

    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph Cerny
    • English
    Nuclear Spectroscopy and Reactions, Part C covers information regarding the development of nuclear spectroscopy and its reactions, while emphasizing in-beam spectroscopy. This part covers gamma-ray spectroscopy and other relevant topics that are not discussed in the previous parts. Comprised of only two sections, this book first covers topics relevant to gamma-ray spectroscopy, such as the excitation and reorientation of coulombs; magnetic moments of excited fields; gamma rays from capture reactions; spectroscopy from fission; angular correlation methods; and lifetime measurements. The second section covers other topics that are relevant to nuclear spectroscopy, such as photonuclear reactions; nuclear spectroscopy from delayed particle emission; in-beam atomic spectroscopy; effects of extranuclear fields on nuclear radiations; and a guide to nuclear compilations. This book is written to primarily benefit graduate students who are engaged in research that concerns nuclear spectroscopy.

  • Advances in High Temperature Chemistry V4

    • 1st Edition
    • Leroy Eyring
    • English
    Advances in High Temperature Chemistry, Volume 4 reviews and evaluates some techniques in high temperature chemistry. This book first discusses infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy of free radicals and molecular ions. It then turns to atomic carbon reactions and gas-solid surface reactions. It also presents several techniques for studying liquids and solids at extreme temperatures. Researchers and high temperature chemists will find this book invaluable.

  • The variation method in quantum chemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • Saul Epstein
    • English
    The Variation Method in Quantum Chemistry is generally a description of the basic theorems and points of view of the method. Applications of these theorems are also presented through several variational procedures and concrete examples. The book contains nine concise chapters wherein the first two ones tackle the general concept of the variation method and its applications. Some chapters deal with other theorems such as the Generealized Brillouin and Hellmann-Feynman Theorems. Also covered in the discussion is the relation of the Perturbation Theory and the Variation Method. This book will be of great help to students and researchers studying quantum chemistry.

  • Oxidation in Organic Chemistry 5-B

    • 1st Edition
    • Walter Trahanovsky
    • English
    Organic Chemistry, Volume 5-B: Oxidation in Organic Chemistry, Part B presents some of the most common and significant reactions in organic chemistry, which involves oxidation and reduction. This book provides detailed discussions of specific oxidants or topics concerning oxidation of organic compounds. Organized into four chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the specific oxidants, including thallium(III), cupric ion, and ruthenium tetroxide. This text then presents the scope and preparative use as well as the mechanistic aspects of the various oxidations. Other chapters consider the significance of phenolic oxidative coupling in nature's biosynthetic pathways. This book discusses as well the various mechanistic alternatives for the enzymic and non-enzymic reactions, which will lead to a fuller understanding of the enzymic mechanisms and the greater synthetic utility of this reaction. The final chapter deals with the oxidative coupling of phenols. This book is a valuable resource for organic chemists and research workers.

  • The Chemisorptive Bond

    Basic Concepts
    • 1st Edition
    • Alfred Clark
    • English
    The Chemisorptive Bond: Basic Concepts describes the basic concepts of the chemisorptive bond on solid surfaces from the simple analogies with ordinary chemical bonds to the quantum-mechanical approaches. This book is composed of 10 chapters and begins with discussions of simple formulas for correlating measurable quantities in chemisorptions and catalysis. The succeeding chapters deal with theories based on quantum-mechanical principles that describe the mutual interactions of atoms of the solid and foreign atoms on the surface. The remaining chapters consider the possible arrangements of ligands about a central metal atom, including octahedral, tetrahedral, cubic, and square planar, and how these arrangements affect chemisorption. This book will be of great value to chemical engineers and researchers.

  • Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy

    Organic Chemistry, A Series of Monographs, Volume 24
    • 1st Edition
    • J Stothers
    • English
    Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy focuses on the potential of 13C techniques and the practical difficulties associated with the detection of 13C NMR absorption. This monograph includes a descriptive presentation of 13C shielding results that has been adopted with emphasis on the structural and stereochemical aspects. Organized into four parts encompassing 11 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the characteristics of the NMR signals derived from compounds containing 13C nuclei in natural abundance that are inherently much weaker than those exhibited by protons. This monograph then compares the primary characteristics of 13C NMR with the more familiar proton methods. Other chapters consider the 13C spectra of pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, s-triazine, and s-tetrazine. The final chapter deals with the effects of solute–solvent interactions on the shieldings of other nuclei. This monograph is intended for organic chemists, graduate students, and researchers in various branches of chemistry with an interest in 13C NMR methods as another approach to chemical problems.

  • Dehydrobenzene and Cycloalkynes

    • 1st Edition
    • Reinhard W. Hoffmann
    • English
    Dehydrobenzene and Cycloalkynes deals with the problems associated with the production and reactions of dehydrobenzene and of the related fields of dehydroheterocycles and cycloalkynes. This book also describes the various synthetic applications of dehydrobenzene and provides a list of reactions in which dehydrobenzene occurs as an intermediary. The text explains the generation of dehydrobenzene by cleavage of cyclic systems, by photolytic methods, and by free radical reactions. Nucleophilic and electrophilic monodentate attacks on dehydrobenzene, as well as, bidentate additions to dehydrobenzene yielding cycloadducts. The book also notes that dehydrobenzene is not only a transition state but can be an intermediate of characteristic selectivity and lifetime. The reactions of dehydrobenzene in the gaseous phase affirm that the existence of dehydrobenzene is not restricted to the presence of a solvation shell. The researcher can then study the molecular structure of dehydrobenzene when its existence has been fully established. The text also extends the principle that the dehydroaromatic intermediates can be obtained by abstracting two adjacent hydrogen atoms from an aromatic substrate different from the 1- and 2- positions to arrive at a 1,3- and 1,4-dehydrobenzene. Researchers and scientists whose works are associated with organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, molecular physics or physical chemistry will find this book valuable.

  • Solvation, Ionic and Complex Formation Reactions in Non-Aqeuous Solvents

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 6
    • K. Burger
    • English
    Solvation, Ionic and Complex Formation Reactions in Non-Aqueous Solvents: Experimental Methods for their Investigation presents the available methods and their particular value in investigating solutions composed of non-aqueous solvents. This book is composed of 10 chapters and begins with a brief description of the complexity of the interactions possible n solutions. The subsequent chapters deal with a classification of the solvents and empirical solvent strength scales based on various experimental parameters, together with various correlations empirically describing the solvent effect. Other chapters present the methods for the purification of solvents and ways of checking their purity, as well as the individual results achieved during investigations of the solvent effect, particularly the general regularities recognized. The remaining chapters provide a review of the coordination chemistry of non-aqueous solutions. This book will prove useful to analytical and inorganic chemists.

  • Structure and Bonding in crystals

    • 1st Edition
    • Alexandra Nsvrotsky
    • English
    Structure and Bonding in Crystals, Volume II discusses the factors determining crystal structure. This book examines the principles of structure and bonding in complex solids. Divided into 13 parts, this volume begins with an overview of the development of atomic pseudopotentials and the discovery that they could be applied directly to atoms in crystals. This book then provides an understanding of other relevant topics, including ionic radii, bond strength, and bond length. Other chapters focus on the problems of classifying complex solids and describe the relationship between their structures. This text also describes the alloy structure to help know how compounds react or transform. This book further explores the geometrical relationships between different structure types in crystals. The final chapter deals with the contribution of Mooser and Pearson in the study of energy-band theory and chemical bonding. Solid-state physicists and chemists, geophysicists, metallurgists, and ceramists will find this book extremely useful.

  • Theoretical Chemistry Advances and Perspectives V3

    • 1st Edition
    • Henry Eyring
    • English
    Theoretical Chemistry: Advances and Perspectives, Volume 3 compiles studies that review all aspects of theoretical chemistry. This book begins by discussing the developments which have made the ab initio investigation of molecular ions feasible, followed by a treatment on classical equilibrium thermodynamics. The significant structure theory of liquids, structure of fluid 4He by means of zero and nonzero temperatures, and radial distribution function are also considered. This volume concludes with a description on various types of proton transfer reactions in water, explaining how the great speed of such reactions are intimately associated with the unusual hydrogen-bond structure that characterizes liquid water. This publication is valuable to theoretical chemists and students concerned with the mathematical description of chemistry.

  • Advances in High Temperature Chemistry V3

    • 1st Edition
    • Leroy Eyring
    • English
    Advances in High Temperature Chemistry, Volume 3 reviews and evaluates some techniques in high temperature chemistry. Comprised of six chapters, this volume first discusses the principles concerned with high temperature chemistry. After introducing short-range ordering in crystals, this book shows how to interpret liquid alloy activity measurements. It also covers various techniques such as photoionization mass spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, and microwave spectroscopy. This book ends with a discussion on oxahalides and other transition elements. Researchers and high temperature chemists will find this book useful.

  • Oxidation in Organic Chemistry 5-C

    • 1st Edition
    • Walter Trahanovsky
    • English
    Organic Chemistry, A Series of Monographs, Volume 5-C: Oxidation in Organic Chemistry covers the preparative use and the mechanistic aspects of the various oxidation reactions. This book contains five chapters that particularly consider oxidations that involve organoselenium intermediates. Chapter I describes the developments of selenium in organic chemistry, particularly the organoselenium reagents for performing selective oxidative transformations under unusually mild conditions. Chapter II deals with the problems encountered in oxygenation reactions carried out by several microorganisms, with an emphasis on a variety of fermentation techniques. Chapter III examines the oxidation of various organic peroxy acids and other peroxides, while Chapter IV discusses the oxidation with nitric acid or nitrogen oxides. Chapter V focuses on the properties of various oxidants and their application to hypohalite oxidation. This text will be of value to organic chemists, researchers, teachers, and students who are interested in oxidation of organic compounds.

  • Phase Theory

    • 1st Edition
    • H.A.J. Oonk
    • English
    Studies in Modern Thermodynamics, 3: Phase Theory: The Thermodynamics of Heterogeneous Equilibria focuses on the processes, methodologies, principles, and approaches employed in the determination of the thermodynamics of heterogeneous equilibria. The publication first elaborates on thermodynamic background, phase rule, and general relations for binary equilibria. Discussions focus on linear contributions, G-curves and phase diagram, function changes, Clapeyron's equation, derivation of phase rule, pressure and temperature, heat capacity, enthalpy, and Gibbs energy. The manuscript then examines demixing, isothermal liquid-vapor equilibria, isobaric equilibria between two mixed states, and isobaric equilibria between unmixed solid and mixed liquid state. Topics include phase diagrams, pure solid component with liquid mixture, equilibrium between two ideal states, calculation of phase diagrams, and types of phase diagram. The text ponders on the interpretation of TX phase diagrams and retrograde equilibrium curves, including retrograde solubility, regions of demixing, excess parameters, and eutectic systems. The publication is a valuable reference for researchers wanting to dig deeper into the thermodynamics of heterogeneous equilibria.

  • Transition metal Organometallics In Organic Synthesis

    • 2nd Edition
    • Howard Alper
    • English
    Transition Metal Organometallics in Organic Synthesis: Volume I reviews the literature in the field of organic synthesis with a focus on the most effective synthetic transformations. The text covers topics such as the general considerations in organic synthesis, C-C and C-X bond formations, and the isomerization and reorganization reactions of olefins. Also covered are topics such as displacement reactions with transition metal complexes, electrophilic reactions of organopalladium complexes, carbonylation reactions, and metal-carbene complexes — its structure, spectra, bonding, and direct synthesis. The book is recommended as a reference for chemists and inorganic chemists who would like to learn the applications of organometallic complexes as reagents and catalysts.

  • Structural Analysis of Organic Compounds by Combined Application of Spectroscopic Methods

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • J.T. Clerc + 2 more
    • English
    Structural Analysis of Organic Compounds covers some practical analytical aspects of organic structural analysis by combined application of spectroscopic methods. This book is composed of three parts encompassing 35 chapters that specifically describe infrared-, ultraviolet-, proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. Considerable chapters discuss the problems intended to cover a wide variety of chemical structure and spectroscopic argument, thereby exemplifying interpretations and comment on specific practical aspects of the problem solving procedure. The remaining chapters provide short supplementing research concerning various aspects of structural analysis. This book will prove useful to organic and analytical chemists.

  • Strategies and Tactics In Organic Synthesis

    • 1st Edition
    • Thomas Lindberg
    • English
    Strategies and Tactics in Organic Synthesis presents the chronological development of ideas and experimentation in organic synthesis. This book is organized into 13 chapters that explore the synthetic pathways of various organic compounds. The first four chapters describe the variations in the synthesis of superphane, gibberellic acid, prostaglandin, and alkaloids. The following chapters cover the organic synthesis and biosynthesis of tylonolide, endiandric acids A-G, dodecahedrane, fomannosin, and illudol. A chapter focuses on the evolution of the total synthesis of jatrophone, an architecturally interesting macrocyclic diterpene extracted from Jatropha gossypiifolia. Another chapter discusses the heuristic principle for the stereorationale design of alkaloid syntheses. The remaining chapters discuss the approach to the total synthesis of steroids, streptonigrin, methynolide, and Prelog-Djerassi lactonic acid. Organic chemists, teachers, and students will find this book of great value.

  • Nuclear Spectroscopy and Reactions 40-B

    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph Cerny
    • English
    Nuclear Spectroscopy and Reactions, Part B covers information regarding the development of nuclear spectroscopy and its reactions, while emphasizing in-beam spectroscopy. This part specifically covers charged particle spectroscopy, spectroscopy from meson-induced reactions, and neutron spectroscopy. Organized into three sections, this book first discusses charged particle spectroscopy, which includes resonance reaction, reactions involving light ions, heavy-ion-induced reaction, and specialized reaction. The next section reviews spectroscopy from meson-induced reactions, including muonic and hadronic atoms; radiative capture; and charge exchange, scattering, and direct reactions. The final section discusses neutron spectroscopy, which includes advances in measurement of neutron spectra, charge exchange reactions, and polarization phenomena. This book is written to primarily benefit graduate students who are engaged in research that concerns nuclear spectroscopy.

  • Laser Photoionization Spectroscopy

    • 1st Edition
    • Vladilen Letokhov
    • English
    Laser Photoionization Spectroscopy discusses the features and the development of photoionization technique. This book explores the progress in the application of lasers, which improve the characteristics of spectroscopic methods. Organized into 12 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the fundamentals of the method for atoms and molecules. This text then examines the photoionization spectroscopy, which is based on the laser resonant excitation of particles into high-lying quantum states that are easy to detect by ionization. Other chapters explain the various basic schemes of multistep excitation, which can be used for resonance photoionization of molecules. This book discusses as well the different applications of the resonance photoionization technique in atomic and molecular spectroscopy. The final chapter considers the two well-known types of microscopy, namely, wave and corpuscular. This book is a valuable resource for chemists, physicists, analysts, and geochemists who are interested in laser spectroscopy techniques to solve nontrivial problems.

  • Interpretation of Mass Spectra of Organic Compounds

    • 1st Edition
    • Mynard Hamming
    • English
    Interpretation of Mass Spectra of Organic Compounds outlines the basic instrumentation, sample handling techniques, and procedures used in the interpretation of mass spectra of organic compounds. The fundamental concepts of ionization, fragmentation, and rearrangement of ions as found in mass spectra are covered in some detail, along with the rectangular array and interpretation maps. Computerization of mass spectral data is also discussed. This book consists of nine chapters and begins with a historical overview of mass spectrometry and a discussion on some important developments in the field, along with a summary of interpretation objectives and methods. The following chapters focus on instruments, ion sources, and detectors; recording of the mass spectrum and the instrumental and sample variables affecting the mass spectrum; sample introduction systems; and fragmentation reactions. Correlations as applied to interpretations are also considered, with emphasis on applications of the branching rule as well as beta-bond and alpha-bond cleavages. Example interpretations, calculations, data-processing procedures, and computer programs are included. This monograph is intended for organic chemists, biochemists, mass spectroscopists, technicians, managers, and others concerned with the whys and wherefores of mass spectrometry.

  • Boron Hydride Chemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • Earl Muetterties
    • English
    Boron Hydride Chemistry covers the significant contributions of boron hydride research in the subjects of bonding, structure, and stereochemistry. This book contains 12 chapters that illustrate the merging of certain areas of boron hydride chemistry with other disciplines, such as organic, organometallic, and transition metal chemistry. After providing an overview of the general geometric, stereochemical, and dynamic stereochemical features of boron hydrides, this book goes on exploring the bonding theory and theoretical research on boron hydrides, with an emphasis on boron hydrides that have open polyhedral structures. These topics are followed by discussions on gas phase and solution reactions of borane and substituted boranes. A chapter focuses on the chemistry of cations containing boron atoms bonded to hydrogen. The remaining chapters examine the syntheses, structures, bonding, spectral properties, and chemistry of specific boron hydrides, including borazines, closo-boron hydrides, carboranes, icosahedral carboranes, and close- and nido-heteroboranes. Inorganic chemists and researchers, teachers, and undergraduate inorganic chemistry students will find this book invaluable.

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