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Elsevier

Books in Earth and planetary sciences

Elsevier's Earth and Planetary Sciences collection brings together pioneering research on the complexities of our planet and beyond. Covering topics from Earth's structural dynamics and ecosystems to planetary exploration, these titles support advancements in geoscience, environmental science, and space studies, offering essential insights for researchers, professionals, and students.

  • Rockburst

    Mechanisms, Monitoring, Warning, and Mitigation
    • 1st Edition
    • Xia-Ting Feng
    • English
    Rockburst: Mechanisms, Monitoring, Warning and Mitigation invites the most relevant researchers and practitioners worldwide to discuss the rock mechanics phenomenon related to increased stress and energy levels in intact rock introduced by drilling, explosion, blasting and other activities. When critical energy levels are reached, rockbursts can occur causing human and material losses in mining and tunneling environments. This book is the most comprehensive information source in English to cover rockbursts. Comprised of four main parts, the book covers in detail the theoretical concepts related to rockbursts, and introduces the current computational modeling techniques and laboratory tests available. The second part is devoted to case studies in mining (coal and metal) and tunneling environments worldwide. The third part covers the most recent advances in measurement and monitoring. Special focus is given to the interpretation of signals and reliability of systems. The following part addresses warning and risk mitigation through the proposition of a single risk assessment index and a comprehensive warning index to portray the stress status of the rock and a successful case study. The final part of the book discusses mitigation including best practices for distressing and efficiently supporting rock. Designed to provide the most comprehensive coverage, the book will provide practicing mining and tunneling engineers the theoretical background needed to better cope with the phenomenon, practical advice from case studies and practical mitigation actions and techniques. Academics in rock mechanics will appreciate this complete reference to rockburst, which features how to analyze stress signals and use computational modeling more efficiently.

  • Remote Sensing of Aerosols, Clouds, and Precipitation

    • 1st Edition
    • Tanvir Islam + 3 more
    • English
    Remote Sensing of Aerosols, Clouds, and Precipitation compiles recent advances in aerosol, cloud, and precipitation remote sensing from new satellite observations. The book examines a wide range of measurements from microwave (both active and passive), visible, and infrared portions of the spectrum. Contributors are experts conducting state-of-the-art research in atmospheric remote sensing using space, airborne, and ground-based datasets, focusing on supporting earth observation satellite missions for aerosol, cloud, and precipitation studies. A handy reference for scientists working in remote sensing, earth science, electromagnetics, climate physics, and space engineering. Valuable for operational forecasters, meteorologists, geospatial experts, modelers, and policymakers alike.

  • Advances in Sequence Stratigraphy

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • English
    Advances in Sequence Stratigraphy, Volume Two covers current research across a wide range of stratigraphic disciplines, providing information on the most recent developments for the geoscientific research community. Chapters in this volume include Sequence Stratigraphy – Oman, Sequence Stratigraphy and diagenesis, Sequence Stratigraphy of Siliciclastic Systems, Upper Devonian Biostratigraphy, Event Stratigraphy and Late Fransian Kellwasser Extinction Bio-events in the Iowa Basin: Western Euramerica, Sea-level change and Sequence Stratigraphy, Sequence Stratigraphy: A Material-based Approach Versus A Time-Based Approach, and Anisian-Ladinian marker horizon: Implications for sequence stratigraphy and intra-tethyan correlation. This fully commissioned review publication aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy, including geochronology, magnetostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, event-stratigraphy, isotope stratigraphy, astrochronology, climatostratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, ice core chronology, cyclostratigraphy, palaeoceanography, sequence stratigraphy, and more.

  • Mixed-Phase Clouds

    Observations and Modeling
    • 1st Edition
    • Constantin Andronache
    • English
    Mixed-Phase Clouds: Observations and Modeling presents advanced research topics on mixed-phase clouds. As the societal impacts of extreme weather and its forecasting grow, there is a continuous need to refine atmospheric observations, techniques and numerical models. Understanding the role of clouds in the atmosphere is increasingly vital for current applications, such as prediction and prevention of aircraft icing, weather modification, and the assessment of the effects of cloud phase partition in climate models. This book provides the essential information needed to address these problems with a focus on current observations, simulations and applications.

  • Impacts and Insights of the Gorkha Earthquake

    • 1st Edition
    • Dipendra Gautam + 1 more
    • English
    Impacts and Insights of Gorkha Earthquake in Nepal offers a practical perspective on disaster risk management using lessons learned and considerations from the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal, which was the worst disaster to hit Nepal since the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake. Using a holistic approach to examine seismicity, risk perception and intervention, the book serves as a detailed case study to improve disaster resilience globally, including social, technical, governmental and institutional risk perception, as well as scientific understanding of earthquake disasters. Covering the details of the Gorkha earthquake, including damage mapping and recovery tactics, the book offers valuable insights into ways forward for seismologists, earthquake researchers and engineers and policy-makers.

  • Processes and Ore Deposits of Ultramafic-Mafic Magmas through Space and Time

    • 1st Edition
    • Sisir K. Mondal + 1 more
    • English
    Processes and Ore Deposits of Ultramafic-Mafic Magmas through Space and Time focuses on the fundamental processes that control the formation of ore deposits from ultramafic-mafic magmas, covering chromite, platinum-group element (PGE), Ni-sulfides and Ti-V-bearing magnetite. The exploration, exploitation and use of these magmatic ores are important aspects of geology and directly linked to the global economy. Magmatic ores form from ultramafic-mafic magmas and crystallize at high-temperature after emplacement into crustal magma chambers, and are genetically linked to the evolution of the parental magmas through space and time. This book features recent developments in the field of magmatic ore deposits, and is an essential resource for both industry professionals and those in academia.

  • Introduction to Satellite Remote Sensing

    Atmosphere, Ocean, Land and Cryosphere Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • William Emery + 1 more
    • English
    Introduction to Satellite Remote Sensing: Atmosphere, Ocean and Land Applications is the first reference book to cover ocean applications, atmospheric applications, and land applications of remote sensing. Applications of remote sensing data are finding increasing application in fields as diverse as wildlife ecology and coastal recreation management. The technology engages electromagnetic sensors to measure and monitor changes in the earth’s surface and atmosphere. The book opens with an introduction to the history of remote sensing, starting from when the phrase was first coined. It goes on to discuss the basic concepts of the various systems, including atmospheric and ocean, then closes with a detailed section on land applications. Due to the cross disciplinary nature of the authors’ experience and the content covered, this is a must have reference book for all practitioners and students requiring an introduction to the field of remote sensing.

  • Risk Modeling for Hazards and Disasters

    • 1st Edition
    • Gero Michel
    • English
    Risk Modeling for Hazards and Disasters　covers all major aspects of catastrophe risk modeling, from hazards through to financial analysis. It explores relevant new science in risk modeling, indirect losses, assessment of impact and consequences to insurance losses, and current changes in risk modeling practice, along with case studies. It also provides further insight into the shortcomings of current models and examines model risk and ideas to diversify risk assessment. Risk Modeling for Hazards and Disasters instructs readers on how to assess, price and then hedge the losses from natural and manmade catastrophes. This book reviews current model development and science and explains recent changes in the catastrophe modeling space, including new initiatives covering uncertainty and big data in the assessment of risk for insurance pricing and portfolio management. Edited by a leading expert in both hazards and risk, this book is authored by a global panel including major modeling vendors, modeling consulting firms, and well-known catastrophe modeling scientists.　Risk Modeling for Hazards and Disasters　provides important insight into how models are used to price and manage risk.

  • Map Interpretation for Structural Geologists

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • Narayan Bose + 1 more
    • English
    Map Interpretation for Structural Geologists covers various topics, from deciphering topography using contour patterns to interpreting folds, faults, unconformities and dykes. By interpreting several types of maps, this book gives readers the confidence to solve difficult geologic questions related to map interpretation in the classroom and in the field. Interpreting geological and structural maps is an inseparable part of learning structural geology in the undergraduate curriculum and postgraduate development.

  • Irregular Shape Anchor in Cohesionless Soils

    • 1st Edition
    • Hamed Niroumand
    • English
    Irregular Shape Anchors in Cohesionless Soils presents a new type of soil anchor that can significantly lower cost and preparation time for application in low cohesion soils. The experimental data provided helps readers design and implement the new devices for their projects. The author introduces the specific problem of soil anchors in low cohesion soils in chapter one. In chapter two, a literature review is presented comparing findings of previous researchers and positioning irregular shape anchors (ISA) within the most traditional types of soil anchors. In chapter three, the methods used for testing ISA are presented together with the specific properties of sands, anchor materials, and the model of the fracture mechanism. The experimental results are covered in chapter four, including comparisons in embedment ration and sand density. The failure mechanism is discussed both for loose and dense sands. In chapter five, the author compares the experimental data with the theoretical and computational results. In chapter six, the author presents his conclusions and recommendations on the usage of ISA to projects. Researchers in geotechnical engineering can use the methods and models presented in the book for their own projects. Practicing engineers will benefit from the compiled experimental data and comparisons with most traditional types of soil anchors.

  • Photo Atlas of Mineral Pseudomorphism

    • 1st Edition
    • J. Theo Kloprogge + 2 more
    • English
    Photo Atlas of Mineral Pseudomorphism provides a comprehensive overview on the topic of pseudomorphism—in which one mineral is replaced by another but still maintains its original crystal form—a phenomenon that is far more common than currently thought and is extremely important in understanding the geologic history of rocks. There are many examples of pseudomorphs, but they have never been brought together in a single reference book that features high-resolution, full-color pseudomorph formations together with the original minerals that they have replaced. This book is the essential reference book for mineralogists, geologists or anyone who encounters mineral pseudomorphism in their work.

  • Sulfur in the Atmosphere

    Proceedings of the International Symposium Held in Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, 7-14 September 1977
    • 1st Edition
    • R. B. Husar + 2 more
    • English
    Sulfur in the Atmosphere covers the proceedings of the International Symposium held in Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia on September 7-14, 1977. The text focuses on the processes involved in the transfer of sulfur through the atmospheric environment, particularly noting its distribution in space in gas, liquid, and solid phases. The book first offers information on the properties of sulfur and the processes involved in its determination, as well as measurement methods, chemical transformations, dry and wet deposition, and aerosol dynamics. The publication also looks at water-soluble sulfur compounds in aerosols, chemical properties of tropospheric sulfur aerosols, and sampling and analysis of atmospheric sulfates and related species. The text examines the techniques involved in the identification of chemical composition of aerosol sulfur compounds. Topics include thermal volatilization, thermometric methods, wet chemical identification, and laser Raman spectroscopy. The publication also reviews the calculation of long term sulfur deposition in Europe; transmission of sulfur dioxide on local, regional, and continental scale; and airborne sampling system for the monitoring of plume. The book is a dependable source of data for readers interested in the transfer of sulfur through the atmospheric environment.

  • Spatiotemporal Random Fields

    Theory and Applications
    • 2nd Edition
    • George Christakos
    • English
    Spatiotemporal Random Fields: Theory and Applications, Second Edition, provides readers with a new and updated edition of the text that explores the application of spatiotemporal random field models to problems in ocean, earth, and atmospheric sciences, spatiotemporal statistics, and geostatistics, among others. The new edition features considerable detail of spatiotemporal random field theory, including ordinary and generalized models, as well as space-time homostationary, isostationary and hetrogeneous approaches. Presenting new theoretical and applied results, with particular emphasis on space-time determination and interpretation, spatiotemporal analysis and modeling, random field geometry, random functionals, probability law, and covariance construction techniques, this book highlights the key role of space-time metrics, the physical interpretation of stochastic differential equations, higher-order space-time variability functions, the validity of major theoretical assumptions in real-world practice (covariance positive-definitenes... metric-adequacy etc.), and the emergence of interdisciplinary phenomena in conditions of multi-sourced real-world uncertainty.

  • Proterozoic Orogens of India

    A Critical Window to Gondwana
    • 1st Edition
    • T.R.K. Chetty
    • English
    Proterozoic Orogens of India: A Critical Window to Gondwana provides a unique opportunity to understand a cross-section of the well-exposed and best-studied part of Earth’s crust and the processes of continental collision. It covers pulses of reworking processes and their impact on magmatism, metamorphism and deformational history of Proterozoic orogens vis-à-vis the supercontinental formation. The details of structural architecture, crustal blocks, shear zone systems, magmatism, metamorphism, geochemical and isotopic signatures, mineralization and tectonic models of all the Proterozoic orogens of India are discussed along with excellent illustrations reflecting the field-based, multi-scale structural and geological data sets.The spatial distribution, geometry, kinematics and transpressional strain of the shear zone systems (mostly suture zones), which are critical to all conceptual models dealing with tectono-metamorphic history of Proterozoic orogens of India, are also covered. The book summarizes and integrates the state-of -the art understanding of the structural architecture, lithological assemblages, petrological, geochemical, geochronological and geophysical aspects of the Proterozoic orogens of India.

  • Marine Geo-Hazards in China

    • 1st Edition
    • Yin-can YE
    • English
    Marine Geo-Hazards in China, the first book to focus specifically on potential marine geological hazards in China, includes 19 chapters with varying focus on key issues surrounding the topic.Early chapters discuss the historical background, research progress, and geological environments in China's sea area. Next, multiple chapters present special topics on geological hazards in China's sea area, including its disaster pregnant environment, mechanisms of disaster change, the development regularity and disaster formation process, and existing or potential dangers and countermeasures. Final chapters present the latest information on the distribution, development, assessment, and risk analysis of marine geological hazards.This book is an important source of information for government and local policymakers, environmental and marine scientists, and engineers.

  • Recent Advances in Lifeline Earthquake Engineering

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 49
    • T. Ariman + 4 more
    • English
    Lifeline earthquake engineering is the application of all relevant knowledge and skill to provide economically feasible engineering safeguards for critical systems such as energy, transportation, water, power, communications, etc. Natural gas and oil pipelines, water and sewage lines, oil and gas storage facilities, tunnels, power, voice and data communication lines and equipment are some of the recognized examples in this relatively new area of interest which has attracted an ever-increasing number of researchers in the past few years.This volume contains most of the papers on lifeline earthquake engineering which were presented at the Third International Conference on Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA, 22-24 June 1987. A number of recent major developments in analytical/experimen... investigations and field observations for buried pipelines, underground structures and storage tanks were presented by some of the leading experts from the United States, Japan and China.

  • Permo-Triassic Salt Provinces of Europe, North Africa and the Atlantic Margins

    Tectonics and Hydrocarbon Potential
    • 1st Edition
    • Juan I. Soto + 2 more
    • English
    Permo-Triassic Salt Provinces of Europe, North Africa and the Atlantic Margins: Tectonics and Hydrocarbon Potential deals with the evolution and tectonic significance of the Triassic evaporite rocks in the Alpine orogenic system and the Neogene basins in the Iberian Peninsula, North Africa, and the western Mediterranean. As the nature of the Triassic evaporite sequences, the varied diapiric structures they feed, and the occurrence of hydrocarbons suggest that the Triassic evaporites represent an efficient system to trap hydrocarbons, this book explores the topic with a wide swath, also devoting content to a relatively unexplored topic, the mobilization and deformation of the Triassic salt in the western and northern Tethys (from Iberia and North Africa, Pyrenees and Alps, Adriatic and Ionian) during the subsequent Alpine orogenic processes. The book includes chapters updating varied topics, like the Permian and Triassic chronostratigraphic scales, palaeogeographic reconstructions of the western Tethys since the Late Permian, the petroleum systems associated with Permo-Triassic salt, allochthonous salt tectonics, and a latest revision of salt tectonic processes in the Permian Zechstein Basin, the Atlantic Margins (from Barents Sea, Scotia, Portugal, Morocco, and Mauritania), the Alpine folded belts in Europe, and the various Triassic salt provinces in North Africa. The book is the go-to guide for salt tectonic researchers and those working in the hydrocarbon exploration industry.

  • Compositional Grading in Oil and Gas Reservoirs

    • 1st Edition
    • Rogerio Oliveira Esposito + 3 more
    • English
    Compositional Grading in Oil and Gas Reservoirs offers instruction, examples, and case studies on how to answer the challenges of modeling a compositional gradient subject. Starting with the basics on PVT analysis, applied thermodynamics, and full derivations of irreversible thermodynamic-based equations, this critical reference explains gravity-modified equations to be applied to reservoirs, enabling engineers to obtain fluid composition at any point of the reservoir from measured data to create a stronger model calibration. Once model-parameters are re-estimated, new sensibility can be acquired for more accurate modeling of composition, aiding engineers with stronger production curves, reserve estimations, and design of future development strategies. Multiple examples and case studies are included to show the application of the theory from very simple to more complex systems, such as actual reservoirs influenced by thermal diffusion and gravity simultaneously. Other example include a layer for which asphaltene precipitation takes place in the reservoir and three –phase flash algorithms for liquid-liquid-vapor equilibrium calculations, detailing the techniques necessary to ensure convergence. The book combines practical studies with the importance in modeling more complex phenomena, filling a gap for current and upcoming reservoir engineers to expand on solutions and make sense of their reservoir’s output results.

  • Rockbolting

    Principles and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Charlie Chunlin Li
    • English
    Rockbolting: Principles and Applications brings current theoretical and practical developments in the most widely used support device for underground rock excavations. Today, one cannot find any rock excavation project that does not use rockbolts for rock support. The worldwide annual assumption of rockbolts is in the billions, with pieces applied to mines, tunnels and other types of geotechnical projects for rock and soil reinforcement. The text is based on over 25 years of experience of the author both as academic and practitioner. The book introduces the principles and background concepts of rock support, and then offers a comprehensive overview of the mechanics of rockbolting, as well as current rock bolt types such as mechanical, grouted, self-drilling, grouted cables, frictional and yield rockbolts. Installation and performance assessment are covered next including load-displacement curves and energy-absorption capacities. Two chapters on design and quality control, respectively, cover failure mechanics, the selection process and the connections with other supporting devices. On quality control, the author explains the usual tests and displacement measurements. The final chapter brings current case studies that combine the concepts presented in the whole book. The book is a professional reference for engineers in the mining and geotechnical industries and can be used as research material for academics in rock mechanics and stability studies.

  • New Zealand Landscape

    Behind the Scene
    • 1st Edition
    • Paul Williams
    • English
    New Zealand Landscape: Behind the Scene tells the story of New Zealand through the subject of geomorphology, a branch of earth science at the interface of geology and geography. Geomorphology is informally described as the ‘science of scenery’, and as with every science, ideas evolve as the research frontier advances. Users will find an early 21st century interpretation of the New Zealand landscape, an interpretation that rests on, and draws from, a rich foundation of ideas bequeathed by predecessors who have had the privilege of exploring, researching, and enjoying this corner of the Pacific.

  • Processing of Complex Ores

    Proceedings of the International Symposium on Processing of Complex Ores, Halifax, August 20-24, 1989
    • 1st Edition
    • G. S. Dobby + 1 more
    • English
    A broad spectrum of the subject from basic research to plant applications has been covered. Flotation and hydrometallurgy have attracted a good deal of interest in view of their growing importance in the processing of complex ores. Physical methods including magnetic and gravity separation techniques have received attention in the processing of tantalum, niobium and tungsten. In addition, a set of papers is devoted to expert systems and their applications in mineral processing plants.

  • Basic Principles of Induction Logging

    Electromagnetic Methods in Borehole Geophysics
    • 1st Edition
    • Alex Kaufman + 1 more
    • English
    Basic Principles of Induction Logging provides geoscientists with the information required to survey the electrical conductivity of rocks surrounding a borehole. The formation conductivity distribution in the borehole vicinity is critical information required in formation evaluation and geosteering applications. Developing a theory of EM logging and on understanding basic physics for both wireline and LWD logging tools, this reference furnishes valuable insights for development and use of EM techniques in practical logging applications. Basic Principles of Induction Logging will be vital for anyone attempting to investigate, invent, and develop the next generation of EM logging tools. It will provide information required to enable operation in more challenging environments such as logging while drilling, anisotropic and thinly laminated formations, high angle and horizontal wells.

  • Terrestrial Depositional Systems

    Deciphering Complexities through Multiple Stratigraphic Methods
    • 1st Edition
    • Kate E. Zeigler + 1 more
    • English
    Terrestrial Depositional Systems: Deciphering Complexities through Multiple Stratigraphic Methods is the first collection of contributed articles that not only introduces young geoscientists to biostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, and lithostratigraphy, but also provides seasoned practitioners with a standard reference that showcases the topic’s most recent developments in research and application. When studying complex depositional systems, scientists often need to rely on more than one stratigraphic technique to truly understand the sequence of historical events. Through a blend of specific analytical techniques, experiments, sampling methods, and working examples, this book provides a practical reference for addressing a range of depositional system challenges. This multi-contributed reference combines reviews of stratigraphic methods with individual case studies, providing readers with a broad scope of techniques that will aid their work in the interpretation and understanding of complex depositional systems.

  • Production and Processing of Fine Particles

    Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Production and Processing of Fine Particles, Montreal, August 28-31, 1988
    • 1st Edition
    • A. J. Plumpton
    • English
    This volume contains the proceedings of an international symposium organised by the Metallurgical Society of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. The aims of the symposium were to discuss fundamental and practical aspects of the technology for the production of fine inorganic particles for the metals, industrial minerals and advanced ceramics sectors, to highlight particle characterization methods and developments, and to review major advances in the processing and extractive metallurgy of finely-sized minerals. 96 conference papers by authors from 19 countries addressed such topics as particle morphology and size analysis, physical and chemical methods for producing fine particles, processing of minerals using gravity, magnetic and electrostatic separation, flotation and flocculation, phase separation involving fine particles, and the hydrometallurgy and pyroprocessing of fine particles. This book will be of interest to mineral processing scientists and engineers, ceramicists, extractive metallurgists and chemical engineers, who are faced with the increasing significance of inorganic fine particles either as valuable products or as materials to be treated in mineral processing systems.

  • Bio-optical Modeling and Remote Sensing of Inland Waters

    • 1st Edition
    • Deepak R. Mishra + 2 more
    • English
    Bio-optical Modeling and Remote Sensing of Inland Waters presents the latest developments, state-of-the-art, and future perspectives of bio-optical modeling for each optically active component of inland waters, providing a broad range of applications of water quality monitoring using remote sensing. Rather than discussing optical radiometry theories, the authors explore the applications of these theories to inland aquatic environments. The book not only covers applications, but also discusses new possibilities, making the bio-optical theories operational, a concept that is of great interest to both government and private sector organizations. In addition, it addresses not only the physical theory that makes bio-optical modeling possible, but also the implementation and applications of bio-optical modeling in inland waters. Early chapters introduce the concepts of bio-optical modeling and the classification of bio-optical models and satellite capabilities both in existence and in development. Later chapters target specific optically active components (OACs) for inland waters and present the current status and future direction of bio-optical modeling for the OACs. Concluding sections provide an overview of a governance strategy for global monitoring of inland waters based on earth observation and bio-optical modeling.

  • Kappa Distributions

    Theory and Applications in Plasmas
    • 1st Edition
    • George Livadiotis
    • English
    Kappa Distributions: Theory and Applications in Plasmas presents the theoretical developments of kappa distributions, their applications in plasmas, and how they affect the underpinnings of our understanding of space and plasma physics, astrophysics, and statistical mechanics/thermodyna... Separated into three major parts, the book covers theoretical methods, analytical methods in plasmas, and applications in space plasmas. The first part of the book focuses on basic aspects of the statistical theory of kappa distributions, beginning with their connection to the solid backgrounds of non-extensive statistical mechanics. The book then moves on to plasma physics, and is devoted to analytical methods related to kappa distributions on various basic plasma topics, spanning linear/nonlinear plasma waves, solitons, shockwaves, and dusty plasmas. The final part of the book deals with applications in space plasmas, focusing on applications of theoretical and analytical developments in space plasmas from the heliosphere and beyond, in other astrophysical plasmas. Kappa Distributions is ideal for space, plasma, and statistical physicists; geophysicists, especially of the upper atmosphere; Earth and planetary scientists; and astrophysicists.

  • Ground Penetrating Radar

    Theory and Practice
    • 1st Edition
    • Erica Carrick Utsi
    • English
    Ground Penetrating Radar: Theory and Practice is a practical guide to using this powerful underground surveying technique. The author uses her wide experience to explain the critical factors in using GPR and how parameters, such as wavelength, attenuation and loss need to be properly considered to obtain good survey results. The first chapter introduces the underlying physics and explains the formation of signal patterning. The next two chapters explain the significance of wavelengths for target detection, probing depths and resolution, and demonstrating the variety of signal presentation. Chapter four discusses why survey results are affected by water and air in the soil, and how this may affect depth readings. Additional chapters discuss a variety of methods for velocity calibration and suggests where they may be useful, challenging soil conditions and potential problem environments, data processing and a suite of useful techniques, amongst other important topics. The book gives a clear and formative guidance on understanding the critical factors in using GPR, as well as a checklist of surveying considerations.

  • Soil Reinforcement for Anchor Plates and Uplift Response

    • 1st Edition
    • Hamed Niroumand
    • English
    Soil Reinforcement for Anchor Plates and Uplift Response presents a comprehensive and rigorous review of the current knowledge in soil improvement for anchor plates, and is based on original research that includes experimental data on how to enhance uplift response of soil anchor plates by using several soil reinforcement methods. Divided into 6 chapters, the author makes an introduction to both Ancho Plates and Soil Reinforcement in chapter one, then providing a comprehensive literature review on the topic in chapter 2. Chapter 3 presents how the experiment was set up, the different types of geotextiles used, and the types of soil tested. Chapter 4 presents experimental data, along with data provided by simulation softwares, including Plaxis. Chapter 5 compares the experimental results to the numerical simulation data, providing researchers and geotechnical engineers with tools they can apply to their own projects. In chapter 6, the author presents his conclusions and recommendations on the usage of soil reinforcement to maximize uplift response to anchor plates. Researchers in geotechnical engineering can use the methods and experimental data presented in the book on their own projects, and practicing engineers will benefit from the comparisons between experimental and simulation data provided to make appropriate selection of soil reinforcement techniques that can be applied to their projects.

  • Data Assimilation for the Geosciences

    From Theory to Application
    • 1st Edition
    • Steven J. Fletcher
    • English
    Data Assimilation for the Geosciences: From Theory to Application brings together all of the mathematical,statist... and probability background knowledge needed to formulate data assimilation systems in one place. It includes practical exercises for understanding theoretical formulation and presents some aspects of coding the theory with a toy problem. The book also demonstrates how data assimilation systems are implemented in larger scale fluid dynamical problems related to the atmosphere, oceans, as well as the land surface and other geophysical situations. It offers a comprehensive presentation of the subject, from basic principles to advanced methods, such as Particle Filters and Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo methods. Additionally, Data Assimilation for the Geosciences: From Theory to Application covers the applications of data assimilation techniques in various disciplines of the geosciences, making the book useful to students, teachers, and research scientists.

  • Unconventional Petroleum Geology

    • 2nd Edition
    • Caineng Zou
    • English
    Unconventional Petroleum Geology, Second Edition presents the latest research results of global conventional and unconventional petroleum exploration and production. The first part covers the basics of unconventional petroleum geology, its introduction, concept of unconventional petroleum geology, unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, and the origin and distribution of unconventional oil and gas. The second part is focused on unconventional petroleum development technologies, including a series of technologies on resource assessment, lab analysis, geophysical interpretation, and drilling and completion. The third and final section features case studies of unconventional hydrocarbon resources, including tight oil and gas, shale oil and gas, coal bed methane, heavy oil, gas hydrates, and oil and gas in volcanic and metamorphic rocks.

  • Membrane-Based Separations in Metallurgy

    Principles and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Lan Ying Jiang + 1 more
    • English
    Membrane-Based Separation in Metallurgy: Principles and Applications begins with basic coverage of the basic principles of the topic and then explains how membrane technology helps in the development of new environmentally friendly and sustainable metallurgical processes. The book features the principles of metallurgical process and how widely the membrane-based technology has been applied in metallurgical industry, including the basic principles of membrane-based separation in terms of material science, membrane structure engineering, transport mechanisms, and module design, detailed metallurgical process flowcharts with emphasis on membrane separations, current process designs, and describes problems and provides possible solutions. In addition, the book includes specific membrane applications, molecular design of materials, fine tuning of membrane’s multi-scale structure, module selection and process design, along with a final analysis of the environmental and economic benefits achieved by using these new processes.

  • Eustasy, High-Frequency Sea Level Cycles and Habitat Heterogeneity

    • 1st Edition
    • Mu Ramkumar + 1 more
    • English
    Eustatic High-Frequency Sea Level Cycles and Habitat Heterogeneity: Basinal-Regional-Glo... Implications presents the current understanding and future directions of the research on Cretaceous sea level cycles in a single source. This reference work is for beginners, graduates, and postgraduates who are interested in the subject and intend to venture into serious research. This hybrid text/reference is for beginners, academics, and professionals who intend to document sea level dynamics on long and short time scales and resultant habitat and paleobiodiversity changes.

  • Understanding the Bouguer Anomaly

    A Gravimetry Puzzle
    • 1st Edition
    • Roman Pasteka + 2 more
    • English
    Understanding the Bouguer Anomaly: A Gravimetry Puzzle addresses the geophysical and geodetic applications of gravity field interpretation, taking into account the evaluation of the Bouguer anomaly. Containing several contributions that deal with persistent questions in gravity data processing and providing verified workflows, the book covers historical and practical aspects of the Bouguer anomaly. Geophysicists and exploration geologists will gain advanced knowledge in gravimetry, physical geodesy and an understanding of the evaluation and impact of the Bouguer anomaly in gravity field measurement.

  • Petroleum Production Engineering

    • 2nd Edition
    • Boyun Guo + 2 more
    • English
    Petroleum Production Engineering, Second Edition, updates both the new and veteran engineer on how to employ day-to-day production fundamentals to solve real-world challenges with modern technology. Enhanced to include equations and references with today’s more complex systems, such as working with horizontal wells, workovers, and an entire new section of chapters dedicated to flow assurance, this go-to reference remains the most all-inclusive source for answering all upstream and midstream production issues. Completely updated with five sections covering the entire production spectrum, including well productivity, equipment and facilities, well stimulation and workover, artificial lift methods, and flow assurance, this updated edition continues to deliver the most practical applied production techniques, answers, and methods for today’s production engineer and manager. In addition, updated Excel spreadsheets that cover the most critical production equations from the book are included for download.

  • Geographical Models with Mathematica

    • 1st Edition
    • Andre Dauphine
    • English
    Geographical Models with Mathematica provides a fairly comprehensive overview of the types of models necessary for the development of new geographical knowledge, including stochastic models, models for data analysis, for geostatistics, for networks, for dynamic systems, for cellular automata and for multi-agent systems, all discussed in their theoretical context. The author then provides over 65 programs, written in the Mathematica language, that formalize these models. Case studies are provided to help the reader apply these programs to their own studies.

  • Theory of Electromagnetic Well Logging

    • 1st Edition
    • C. Richard Liu
    • English
    Theory of Electromagnetic Well Logging provides a much-needed and complete analytical method for electromagnetic well logging technology. The book presents the physics and mathematics behind the effective measurement of rock properties using boreholes, allowing geophysicists, petrophysisists, geologists and engineers to interpret them in a more rigorous way. Starting with the fundamental concepts, the book then moves on to the more classic subject of wireline induction logging, before exploring the subject of LWD logging, concluding with new thoughts on electromagnetic telemetry. Theory of Electromagnetic Well Logging is the only book offering an in-depth discussion of the analytical and numerical techniques needed for expert use of those new logging techniques.

  • An Introduction to Marine Geology

    • 1st Edition
    • M. J. Keen
    • J. A. Jacobs
    • English
    An account of some aspects of marine geology and marine geophysics, comprehensible to those at an early stage in their study of geology and to scientists who are not specialists in these fields. There are many biologists, chemists, mathematicians or physicists who work in the laboratory or on board ship with geologists and geophysicists and this book will help them to understand the aims of their colleages' experiments. Wherever possible, without a loss of necessary precision, terminology is deliberately simplified.

  • Ground Freezing 1980

    Selected Papers from the Second International Symposium on Ground Freezing, Trondheim, Norway, 24-26 June 1980
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 28
    • P.E. Frivik + 3 more
    • English
    These papers cover mechanical properties and processes; thermal properties, processes and design; frost action in soils; and design and case histories.

  • Evolution and Mineralization of the Arabian-Nubian Shield

    Proceedings of a Symposium Convened by Ahmad M.S. Al-Shanti
    • 1st Edition
    • S. A. Tahoun
    • English
    Evolution and Mineralization of the Arabian–Nubian Shield, Volume 1 presents the exploration for mineral resources in the Precambrian basement terrain underlying large areas of the Middle East. This book discusses the geological investigations of the tectonic evolution, structure, and metallogenesis of the Arabian–Nubian Shield. Organized into four parts encompassing 15 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the study of the geology of the western Saudi Arabia. This text then examines the Pan-African basement, which has all the geological and geophysical characteristics of continental crust. Other chapters consider the tectonic evolution of parts of the central and southern Eastern Desert by using the available satellite images and detailed field work in specific areas. This book discusses as well mineralization and geological outline of the Red Sea Hills and the Nile Valley. The final chapter deals with the separation of the African and Arabian plates. This book is a valuable resource for geologists.

  • Theory of the Earth's Shape

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 13
    • V.C. Dragomir + 3 more
    • English
    Theory of the Earth's Shape considers the physical-mathematica... problems raised by the determination of the form of the planet, thereby making a significant contribution to the technological scientific literature in this field. This book is organized into six parts encompassing 29 chapters. The first part, entitled Physical Geodesy, presents the theory of the determination of the gravitational field, in the definition of which preference was given to the method of expansion in spherical harmonics recommended by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics in establishing the international "Geodetic Reference System 1967". Part II deals with the principal aspects of Ellipsoidal Geodesy, such as the methods of solving the geodetic problems on the reference ellipsoid. Part III considers the main problems associated with Astro-geodetic Triangulation, particularly with the conception of materialization and the necessary measurements as the required adjustment procedures. This part also provides approaches regarding the controlled analysis of angular measurements and the description of some original calculation and measurement methods. Part IV concerns one of the methods of determining the spatial coordinates of the geodetic points in a unitary system, such as the three-dimensional geodesy, which has had more concrete applications since the launching of the Earth's first artificial satellites. Part V describes the methods for determining the terrestrial ellipsoid and the geoid, as well as the conventional methods and the methods of Dynamical Geodesy. Part VI discusses the geodetic methods for the determination of the movements of the Earth's crust, along with an overall examination of the theoretical and practical aspects which in principle constitute the object of such activities. This book will prove useful to geophysicists, astronomers, Earth scientists, and researchers.

  • Geomorphology and Volcanology of Costa Rica

    • 1st Edition
    • Jean Pierre Bergoeing
    • English
    Geomorphology and Volcanology of Costa Rica is the product of more than 30 years of research explaining the evolution of the quaternary relief of a geomorphologically diverse country. The book details the physical landscape of Costa Rica, with an emphasis on potential threats to the landscape, such as earthquakes, landslides, floods, and sea level rise. The book answers questions on the climate changes associated with the intense volcanism that affects this country. Geomorphologists, geologists, geographers, and students who specialize in the Earth Sciences will benefit from knowing the geomorphology of Costa Rica, not only as a case study, but also for the lessons it offers on climate change and worldwide geological history.

  • Origins of the Earth, Moon, and Life

    An Interdisciplinary Approach
    • 1st Edition
    • Akio Makishima
    • English
    Origins of the Earth, Moon, and Life: An Interdisciplinary Approach presents state-of-the-art knowledge that is based on theories, experiments, observations, calculations, and analytical data from five astro-sciences, astronomy, astrobiology, astrogeology, astrophysics, and cosmochemistry. Beginning with the origin of elements, and moving on to cover the formation of the early Solar System, the giant impact model of the Earth and Moon, the oldest records of life, and the possibility of life on other planets in the Solar System, this interdisciplinary reference provides a complex understanding of the planets and the formation of life. Synthesizing concepts from all branches of astro-sciences into one, the book is a valuable reference for researchers in astrogeology, astrophysics, cosmochemistry, astrobiology, astronomy, and other space science fields, helping users better understand the intersection of these sciences.

  • Shale Gas

    Exploration and Environmental and Economic Impacts
    • 1st Edition
    • Anurodh Mohan Dayal + 1 more
    • English
    Shale Gas: Exploration and Environmental and Economic Impacts explores the shale gas exploration and production activities that are increasing globally, also presenting a basic understanding on the geological, geochemical, and geophysical aspects. The book is a key reference that is useful for researchers, the oil and gas industry, and policymakers in gas producing and prospective countries. Users will find chapters on hydraulic fracturing and shale gas drilling, as well as the environmental and economic impacts of these activities. Further chapters include case studies on the shale gas revolution in the United States and other producing countries around the world.

  • Soil Mechanics

    Calculations, Principles, and Methods
    • 1st Edition
    • Victor Kaliakin
    • English
    Soil Mechanics: Calculations, Principles, and Methods provides expert insights into the nature of soil mechanics through the use of calculation and problem-solving techniques. This informed reference begins with basic principles and calculations, illustrating physical meanings of the unit weight of soil, specific gravity, water content, void ratio, porosity, saturation, and their typical values. This is followed by calculations that illustrate the need for soil identification, classification, and ways to obtain soil particle size distribution, including sizes smaller than 0.075mm, performance, and the use of liquid and plastic limit tests. The book goes on to provide expert coverage regarding the use of soil identification and classification systems (both Unified Soil Classification System and AASHTO), and also includes applications concerning soil compaction and field applications, hydraulic conductivity and seepage, soil compressibility and field application, and shear strength and field application.

  • Applied Underwater Acoustics

    Leif Bjørnø
    • 1st Edition
    • Thomas Neighbors + 1 more
    • English
    Applied Underwater Acoustics meets the needs of scientists and engineers working in underwater acoustics and graduate students solving problems in, and preparing theses on, topics in underwater acoustics. The book is structured to provide the basis for rapidly assimilating the essential underwater acoustic knowledge base for practical application to daily research and analysis. Each chapter of the book is self-supporting and focuses on a single topic and its relation to underwater acoustics. The chapters start with a brief description of the topic’s physical background, necessary definitions, and a short description of the applications, along with a roadmap to the chapter. The subtopics covered within individual subchapters include most frequently used equations that describe the topic. Equations are not derived, rather, assumptions behind equations and limitations on the applications of each equation are emphasized. Figures, tables, and illustrations related to the sub-topic are presented in an easy-to-use manner, and examples on the use of the equations, including appropriate figures and tables are also included.

  • Darriwilian to Katian (Ordovician) Graptolites from Northwest China

    • 1st Edition
    • Chen Chen Xu + 4 more
    • English
    Darriwilian to Sandbian (Ordovician) Graptolites from Northwest China analyzes the significance of these exquisite, mostly pyritic, graptolites of the middle to late Ordovician period from North China and Tarim, China—locations that have developed the world’s most complete successions of strata and fossil records. The book provides the first systematic account of the renowned graptolite faunas, with over 100 species belonging to 45 genera and 15 families preserved in black shale and limestone, also presenting a comprehensive accounting of the graptolites during the critical transition from the middle to late Ordovician period with important data on new morphologies, the latest conventions in classification, diversity change and evolution, refined biostratigraphy divisions, and correlation with other major regions or continents. The book provides a key resource for paleontologists, stratigraphic specialists, petroleum geologists, and graduate students in varying fields of geology.

  • Cenozoic Foraminifera and Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy of the Niger Delta

    • 1st Edition
    • Oluwafeyisola Sylvester Adegoke + 4 more
    • English
    Cenozoic Foraminifera and Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy of the Niger Delta is available just as exploration and production activities are moving into the little known deep water terrain of the Niger Delta. A thorough understanding of the Cenozoic Niger Delta will improve understanding and exploration of the evolution of deeper offshore belts, help researchers strengthen and refine existing Neogene nannofossil biostratigraphic schemes for the Niger Delta region, and gain a better understanding of the relationship between nannofossil assemblage variations and paleoenvironments. The hydrocarbon reserves of the Niger Delta are an extremely valuable natural resource. Biostratigraphy and Correlation play important roles in the discovery, development and maturing of hydrocarbon fields. Calcareous nannofossils have been important tools for the stratigraphers in the Niger Delta and in recent years exploration has moved into deeper offshore areas where nannofossils are more abundant and diverse. Little has been published about the calcareous nannofossil chronostratigraphy of the Niger delta. Cenozoic Foraminifera and Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy of the Niger Delta fills the gap for earth scientists and those working in the oil and gas industry.

  • Stratigraphy & Timescales

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • English
    Stratigraphy and Timescales covers current research across a wide range of stratigraphic disciplines, providing information on recent developments for the geoscientific research community. This fully commissioned review publication aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy, including geochronology, magnetostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, event-stratigraphy, isotope stratigraphy, astrochronology, climatostratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, ice core chronology, cyclostratigraphy, palaeoceanography, sequence stratigraphy, and more.

  • Atmospheric Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industry

    • 1st Edition
    • Eduardo P Olaguer
    • English
    Atmospheric Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industry provides the most up-to-date scientific and technological methods available to quantify oil and gas industry emissions and atmospheric impacts in a manner that is relevant to the development of, compliance with, and enforcement of effective policy and regulations. The book offers a concise survey of these methods to facilitate the implementation of solutions that promote sustainable energy production. Part I covers a technical and descriptive summary of air quality and global change issues relevant to the oil and gas industry, with Part II summarizing state-of-the-art methods pertaining to the analysis and solution of the problems identified in the earlier section. Examples of state-of-the-art methods covered include real-time monitoring with chemical ionization mass spectrometry, drone-mounted mini-lasers and gas cells, tomographic remote sensing, inverse modeling of emissions, 3D fluid, chemical, and transport models, and contemporary control technologies, such as flare minimization, oxidation catalysts, and vapor recovery. In addition, field studies, policy-relevant modeling assessments, and regulatory decisions from multiple geographic regions are presented, providing readers best practices from real world applications.

  • Investigating Seafloors and Oceans

    From Mud Volcanoes to Giant Squid
    • 1st Edition
    • Antony Joseph
    • English
    Investigating Seafloors and Oceans: From Mud Volcanoes to Giant Squid offers a bottom-to-top tour of the world’s oceans, exposing the secrets hidden therein from a variety of scientific perspectives. Opening with a discussion of the earth’s formation, hot spots, ridges, plate tectonics, submarine trenches, and cold seeps, the text goes on to address such topics as the role of oceans in the origin of life, tidal bore, thermal effects, ecosystem services, marine creatures, and nutraceutical and pharmaceutical resources. This unique reference provides insight into a wide array of questions that researchers continue to ask about the vast study of oceans and the seafloor. It is a one-of-a-kind examination of oceans that offers important perspectives for researchers, practitioners, and academics in all marine-related fields.

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