Constitution of the Earth's Interior

Preface to the Series Physics and Evolution of the Earth's Interior

Preface

Basic Parameters of the Solar System

Chapter 1. Equations of State and Geophysical Equations of State

1.1 Introduction

1.2 General Classification of Equations of State

1.3 Equations of State in a Wide Range of Changes of Thermodynamic Parameters

1.3.1 The Brush Diagram

1.3.2 The Rees Classification

1.3.3 The Harrison-Wheeler Equations

1.4 Experimental Methods in High Pressure Physics

1.5 Thermodynamical Foundations of Equations of State

1.6 Equations of State Resulting from the Theory of a Continuous Medium

1.6.1 Equation of Murnaghan

1.6.2 The Murnaghan-Birch Equation

1.6.3 Fourth-Order Equation of Thomsen

1.6.4 The Prieto-Renero Equation of State

1.7 Equations of State Obtained from Models of Quantum-Mechanics Interactions

1.8 Equation of Grüneisen

1.9 The Thomas-Fermi Equation

1.10 Geophysical Equations of State

References

Chapter 2. Distribution of Selected Physical Parameters in the Earth and Planetary Interiors

2.1 Observational Bases

2.2 Basic Equations

2.3 Review of Models of the Structure of the Earth's Interior

2.4 Models of Planetary Interiors

2.4.1 Classification of the Planets

2.4.2 Rocky Formed Planets

2.4.3 Hydrogen-Helium and Icy Formed Giant Planets

References

Chapter 3. Creep Processes, Viscosity Models and the Quality Factor Q in the Earth's Interior

3.1 Rock Properties Under High Pressures and Temperatures

3.2 Creep Processes in the Mantle

3.3 Viscosity Models

3.3.1 Elastic and Viscous Equations of Motion

3.3.2 Flat Model of the Earth (Constant Gravity)

3.3.3 Self-Gravitating Spherical Models

3.4 Q Factor and Dissipation of Mechanical Energy in the Earth's Interior

References

Chapter 4. Thermal Energy and Heat Flow in the Earth's Interior

4.1 Heat Flow of the Earth

4.1.1 Heat Flow in the Crust

4.1.2 Radiogenic Heat in the Earth's Mantle

4.2 Geothermal Gradient within the Earth

4.2.1 Temperature Gradient in the Upper Mantle

4.2.2 Adiabatic Gradient in the Lower Mantle

4.2.3 Melting Point in the Earth's Mantle and Core

4.2.4 Temperature in the Earth's Interior

4.3 Phonon Transfer in the Earth's Mantle

4.3.1 Phonon Thermal Conductivity of Silicate Minerals

4.3.2 The Birch-Clark Relationship

4.3.3 Phonon Thermal Conductivity in the Mantle

4.4 Radiative Transfer in the Earth's Mantle

4.4.1 Radiative Thermal Conductivity

4.4.2 Refraction of Temperature Radiation in the Earth's Mantle

4.4.3 Opacity of the Earth's Mantle

4.4.4 Electrical Conductivity in the Earth's Mantle

4.4.5 Radiative Thermal Conductivity in the Earth's Mantle

References

Chapter 5. The Structure of the Earth's Interior

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Structure of the Earth's Crust

5.2.1 Low-Velocity Zones in the Earth's Crust

5.2.2 The Nature of the Layers and Boundaries in the Earth's Crust

5.2.3 Types of Transition Zone Between the Crust and the Upper Mantle

5.3 The Upper Mantle of the Earth

5.4 The Lower Mantle and the Earth's Core

References

Chapter 6. Phase Transformations: Elements of the Theory and Geophysical Applications

6.1 Possibility of Phase Transformations in the Earth's Interior

6.2 Thermodynamics of Phase Transformations

6.3 Kinetics of Phase Transformations

6.4 Phase Transformations in Static Models of the Earth with Spherical Symmetry

6.5 Phase Transformations in Areas Undergoing Global Deformations

6.5.1 Introduction

6.5.2 The Shape of Phase Transformation Surfaces

6.5.3 Structure of the Phase Transformation Layer: Transformations Occurring in a State of Thermodynamic Equlibrium

6.5.4 Structure of the Phase Transformation Layer: the Transformation from a Metastable State

6.6 Phase Transformations and Generation of Earthquakes

References

Chapter 7. Hypothetical Phase Transformations in the Earth's Mantle

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Transformations of Crystalline Silica Polymorphs

7.3 The Gabbro → Eclogite Transition and the Nature of the Mohorovičić Discontinuity

7.4 Phase Transitions in Pyrolite of the Lower Lithosphere and Asthenosphere

7.5 High-Pressure Phase Transformations in A2BO4 Compounds—Mg and Fe Orthosilicates

7.6 High-Pressure Phase Transformations in ABO3 Compounds—Mg and Fe Metasilicates

7.7 Phase Transformations in Sodium Aluminosilicates

References

Chapter 8. Petrology and Elements of Geochemistry

8.1 Introduction

8.2 The Earth's Core

8.3 The Earth's Mantle

8.4 Igneous Processes and Rocks

8.5 The Earth's Crust

References

Appendix

Index