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Elsevier

Books in Chemistry

Chemistry topic areas include: physical and theoretical, computational, organic, organometallic and inorganic, pharmaceutical and medicinal, analytical and bioanalytical, nuclear, general, nanochemistry, geochemistry, materials and polymer, as well as environmental, green and sustainable chemistry.

  • Chemistry of Free Atoms and Particles

    • 1st Edition
    • Kenneth Klabunde
    • English
    Chemistry of Free Atoms and Particles covers the chemistry of metal atoms and metallic molecules or fragments. This book contains 10 chapters that are organized on the basis of the Periodic Chart. Each group of elements is separated into a discussion of first the free atoms, followed by a discussion of reactive molecular forms of metal halides, oxides, and sulfides. These sections are further broken down into subsections on ""Occurrence, Properties, and Techniques"" followed by ""Chemistry"". The ""Chemistry"" sections are further divided into several headings, including abstraction, electron-transfer, oxidative addition, simple orbital mixing, substitution, disproportional and ligand transfer, and cluster formation processes. This book will be of value to chemistry researchers, teachers, and students.

  • The Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solvents VB

    Acid and Aprotic Solvents
    • 1st Edition
    • J.J. Lagowski
    • English
    The Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solvents, Volume V: Acidic and Aprotic Solvents, Part B covers the theoretical aspects of individual solvents in nonaqueous solution chemistry. This volume is divided into five chapters. The first two chapters discuss the purification, structure, physical properties, electrochemistry, solubilities, and reactions of specific solvents, including trifluoroacetic and halosulfuric acids. Chapter 3 deals briefly with the preparations and properties of the interhalogens, principally in the liquid state. This chapter emphasizes their uses as nonaqueous solvents, especially through extensive study of their acid-base reactions. Spectroscopic data and their contribution to the understanding of their solution chemistries are also considered. Chapter 4 surveys the autoionization, purification methods, solubilities, solvolytic reactions, conductivity, conductometric, potentiometric, spectrophotometric, and visual titrations, as well as the isolation of solid complexes in inorganic halides and oxyhalides. Chapter 5 describes the solubility, reactivity, and spectroscopic data of molten salts. This book is of value to analytical chemists, and analytical chemistry teachers and students.

  • Solid Acids and Bases

    Their Catalytic Properties
    • 1st Edition
    • Kozo Tanabe
    • English
    Solid Acids and Bases: Their Catalytic Properties reviews developments in the studies of acidic and basic properties of solids, including the efficacy and special characteristics of solid acid and base catalysts. This book discusses the determination of basic and acidic properties on solid surfaces and relationship between acid strength and acid amount. The structure and acid-base properties of mixed metal oxides and correlation between acid-base properties and catalytic activity and selectivity are also deliberated. This publication is useful to professional chemists and graduate students in the fields of organic, inorganic and physical chemistry, petroleum chemistry and catalysis, including readers interested in the acidic and basic properties on solid surfaces.

  • Molecular Connectivity in Chemistry and Drug Research

    • 1st Edition
    • Lemont Kier
    • English
    Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 14: Molecular Connectivity in Chemistry and Drug Research is a 10-chapter text that focuses on the molecular connectivity approach for quantitative evaluation of molecular structure of drugs. Molecular connectivity is a nonempirical derivation of numerical value that encode within them sufficient information to relate to many physicochemical and biological properties. This book outlines first the development of molecular connectivity approach, followed by considerable chapters on its application to evaluation of physicochemical properties of drugs. Other chapters explore the application of molecular connectivity to structure-activity studies in medicinal chemistry. The final chapters provide some reflections, challenges, and potential areas of investigation of molecular connectivity. Advanced undergraduate or graduate students in medicinal chemistry or pharmacology, practicing scientists, and theoretical chemists will find this book invaluable.

  • Liquid State VIIIB

    • 1st Edition
    • Douglas Henderson
    • English
    Physical Chemistry: An Advanced Treatise: Liquid State, Volume VIIIB, deals with simple liquids because the theory is most developed for these liquids. The purpose of this treatise is to present a comprehensive treatment of physical chemistry for advanced students and investigators in a reasonably small number of volumes. An attempt has been made to include all important topics in physical chemistry together with borderline subjects which are of particular interest and importance. The book contains five chapters and begins with a discussion of various theories of mixtures, focusing on binary mixtures of simple, spherical molecules. This is followed by separate chapters on the properties of liquid helium; time-dependent correlation functions; theory of static critical phenomena; and progress in understanding the behavior of transport coefficients near the liquid-gas critical point.

  • Colloid and Interface Science V5

    Biocolloids, Polymers, Monolayers, Membranes, And General Papers
    • 1st Edition
    • Milton Kerker
    • English
    Colloids and Interface Science, Volume V: Biocolloids, Polymers, Monolayers, Membranes, and General Papers is a collection of manuscripts presented at the International Conference on Colloids and Surfaces, held in San Juan, Puerto Rico on June 21-25, 1976. The conference is sponsored jointly by the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry of the American Chemical Society and the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry in celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the Division and the 50th Colloid and Surface Science Symposium. This volume is organized into 51 chapters that cover the subjects of biocolloids, polymers, monolayers, membranes, and general papers. Other topics discussed include the thermodynamic aspects of biocolloids; adsorption of polymers; ion-exchange behavior; optical properties of polymers; microvoid films; micellar systems; and liquid crystals. The remaining chapters explore the diffusion and sorption of simple ions, surface properties of copolymers, and adhesion of thermoplastic elastomers.

  • Homogeneous Nucleation Theory

    The Pretransition Theory of Vapor Condensation
    • 1st Edition
    • Farid Abraham
    • English
    Homogeneous Nucleation Theory: The Pretransition Theory of Vapor Condensation discusses the influence of classical thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and multistate kinetics on the homogeneous nucleation theory. This book is organized into 10 chapters and begins with a simple model calculation that yields an important insight into the major physical features governing supersaturated vapor condensation. The following chapters explore the development of the theory of equilibrium thermodynamics pertinent to the study of a nucleation phenomena and a postulatory formulation of statistical mechanics and its relation to the calculation of the thermodynamic potentials. The discussion then shifts to a statistical thermodynamics description of an imperfect gas assuming the droplet model of Band-Bijl-Frenkel and to the development of the multistate kinetics of cluster formation. The book also explores the development of the classical Einstein theory for crystalline solids and generalizes this theory for its applications to planar surfaces of microcrystalline clusters. It also presents a comparison of the exact free energies for the microcrystallites with the predictions of the droplet model using the capillarity approximation. Three distinct approaches for calculating the thermodynamic properties of physical clusters are covered in the concluding chapters.

  • Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions

    • 1st Edition
    • Elliot Marvell
    • English
    Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions explores the applications of thermal electrocyclic reactions to stereospecific synthesis. This book is divided into nine chapters, and begins with a presentation of the theory of electrocylic reactions using orbital conversions through symmetry operations and correlation diagrams. Considerable chapters are devoted to various conjugate systems entering an electrocyclic process, including two-electron, four electron-three-, four-, and five-atom, and six electron-five-, and six-atom systems. The remaining chapters examine the electrocyclic reaction of longer systems, including eight or more π electrons, as well as conjugated systems with an odd number of electrons, which constitute a special case in the conservation of orbital symmetry. This book will be of great value to organic chemists and researchers.

  • Diatomic Molecules

    Results of ab Initio Calculations
    • 1st Edition
    • Robert Mulliken
    • English
    Diatomic Molecules: Results of Ab Initio Calculations provides the results obtained from quantum-mechanical calculations on the electronic structure of diatomic molecules. This six-chapter text also discusses the related concepts of ab initio calculation methods. This book considers first the primary methods used in the computation of molecular wave functions and of related properties. This topic is followed by discussions on the linear combination of atomic orbital and linear combination of mixed atomic orbital approximations and basis sets; electronic population analysis; spectroscopic transition probabilities; and the nature of chemical bonding. The remaining chapters examine the features of various theories that become prominent when two or more electrons are present, or are important in hydrides or homopolar and heteropolar molecules. This text will be of great value to organic and inorganic chemists and physicists.

  • Hard and Soft Acids and Bases Principle in Organic Chemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • Tse-Lok Ho
    • English
    Hard and Soft Acids and Bases Principle in Organic Chemistry deals with various phenomena in organic chemistry that are directly related to or derived from the hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) principle. Topics covered range from chemical reactivity to displacement reactions, along with various HSAB principle applications. This text consists of 11 chapters and begins with a historical overview of the HSAB concept, followed by a classification of hard and soft acids and bases and their theoretical descriptions. The reader is methodically introduced to the stability of organic compounds and complexes; displacement reactions of HSAB; and the chemistry of alkenes, aromatic, and heterocyclic compounds. The reactivity of organophosphorus and carbonyl compounds; organosulfur compounds and other chalcogenides; and organoboranes is also considered. The book concludes with an evaluation of other applications of the HSAB principle, paying particular attention to solubility and protonation; carbenes and nitrenes; the organic chemistry of group IV elements; and the reactions of organohalides, Grignard, and related agents. This book is intended for senior undergraduates or graduate chemistry majors, as well as organic chemists who are not familiar with the HSAB concept.

  • A Textbook of Physical Chemistry

    • 2nd Edition
    • Arther Adamson
    • English
    A Textbook of Physical Chemistry: Second Edition provides both a traditional and theoretical approach in the study of physical chemistry. The book covers subjects usually covered in chemistry textbooks such as ideal and non-ideal gases, the kinetic molecular theory of gases and the distribution laws, and the additive physical properties of matter. Also covered are the three laws of thermodynamics, thermochemistry, chemical equilibrium, liquids and their simple phase equilibria, the solutions of nonelectrolytes, and heterogenous equilibrium. The text is recommended for college-level chemistry students, especially those who are in need of a textbook for the subject.

  • Methods for Oxidation of Organic Compounds V2

    Alcohols, Alcohol Derivatives, Alky Halides, Nitroalkanes, Alkyl Azides, Carbonyl Compounds Hydroxyarenes and Aminoarenes
    • 1st Edition
    • Alan Haines
    • English
    Methods for the Oxidation of Organic Compounds: Alcohols, Alcohol Derivatives, Alkyl Halides, Nitroalkanes, Alkyl Azides, Carbonyl Compounds, Hydroxyarenes and Aminoarenes describes the different methods used for the controlled oxidation of alcohols, alcohol derivatives, alkyl halides, nitroalkanes, alkyl azides, carbonyl compounds, hydroxyarenes, and aminoarenes. Most of the oxidative techniques considered are illustrated with detailed experimental procedures taken from the literature. This book is comprised of eight chapters and begins with a discussion on the oxidation of alcohols, with particular emphasis on the formation of carbonyl compounds and carboxylic acids. The following chapters focus on the oxidation of esters and alkyl halides; ethers, acetals, and metal derivatives of alcohols; amines, nitro compounds, and azides; carbonyl compounds; 1,2-diols and related compounds; and hydroxyarenes, aminoarenes, dihydroxyarenes, diaminoarenes, and aminohydroxyarenes. Methods such as catalytic oxidation, catalytic dehydrogenation, and electrochemical and biochemical oxidation are mentioned. This monograph should be of interest to organic chemists and research students.

  • High Resolution NMR of Macromolecules

    • 1st Edition
    • Frank Bovey
    • English
    High Resolution NMR of Macromolecules presents the development in the NMR study of polymers. This book discusses the exciting area of application of NMR to polymer science as the result of the more general accessibility of instruments of high magnetic field. Organized into 15 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the spectral analysis and the dependence of chemical shifts and J couplings on structure. This text then discusses the isomerism in polymer chains without special reference to NMR. Other chapters consider the interpretation of synthetic polymer spectra in terms of structure, stereochemical configuration, conformation, and chain growth mechanism. This book discusses as well the application of high resolution NMR to the study of nucleic acids, which has not been so well developed as that of polypeptides and proteins. The final chapter deals with biopolymers and their model compounds. This book is a valuable resource for chemists and research workers.

  • Analysis of Triglycerides

    • 1st Edition
    • Carter Litchfield
    • English
    Analysis of Triglycerides is a 13-chapter text that covers the various types of analyses, the specific operating conditions, and experimental details necessary when dealing with certain types of triglyceride molecules and their derived diglycerides. After briefly providing an overview of the history and applications of triglycerides analysis, this book goes on describing the analytical techniques for triglyceride analysis, which are subdivided into sample preparation, molecular fractionation, and positional analysis. Considerable chapters are devoted to diglyceride characterization procedures. A chapter describes the various fatty acid distribution theories for estimating the composition of natural triglyceride mixtures. The final chapter outlines useful combinations of analytical techniques for obtaining maximum compositional information. This book is a comprehensive reference source for analytical and organic chemists and researchers, as well as for teachers and students who are interested in seeking more information on the subject.

  • Liquid State VIIIA

    • 1st Edition
    • Douglas Henderson
    • English
    Physical Chemistry: An Advanced Treatise: Liquid State, Volume VIIIA, deals with simple liquids because the theory is most developed for these liquids. The purpose of this treatise is to present a comprehensive treatment of physical chemistry for advanced students and investigators in a reasonably small number of volumes. An attempt has been made to include all important topics in physical chemistry together with borderline subjects which are of particular interest and importance. The book contains six chapters and begins with an introduction to intermolecular pair potential-energy functions, the principle of corresponding states, and the equation of state for dense liquids. It then discusses the static and dynamic structure of liquids, followed by separate chapters on the four main techniques in the theory of liquids: simulation studies, integral equation methods, lattice theories, and perturbation theories.

  • Perturbations in the Spectra of Diatomic molecules

    • 1st Edition
    • Helene Lefebvre-Brion
    • English
    Perturbations in the Spectra of Diatomic Molecules examines in sufficient detail the spectrum of every diatomic molecule. This book is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 describes the perturbations and simple procedures for evaluating matrix elements of angular momentum. The terms in the molecular Hamiltonian that are responsible for perturbations are elaborated in Chapter 2, while the process of reducing spectra to molecular constants and the difficulty of relating empirical parameters to terms in the exact molecular Hamiltonian are described in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 discusses the magnitudes and physical interpretations of matrix elements. The transition intensities, especially quantum mechanical interference effects, are reviewed in Chapter 5. The last two chapters are devoted to the two forms of perturbation—prediss... and autoionization. This publication is a good source for graduate students, theorists, experimentalists, and potential users of spectroscopic data.

  • Kinetics Of Gas Reaction VIB

    • 1st Edition
    • Willhelm Jost
    • English
    Physical Chemistry: An Advanced Treatise: Kinetics of Gas Reactions, Volume VIB, is devoted to gas phase chemical reactions. The purpose of this treatise is to present a comprehensive treatment of physical chemistry for advanced students and investigators in a reasonably small number of volumes. An attempt has been made to include all important topics in physical chemistry together with borderline subjects which are of particular interest and importance. The book contains six chapters and begins with a study on the elastic and inelastic scattering of ions on molecules, including such topics as rainbow scattering, reactive scattering, and experimental procedures and results of high-resolution measurements. This is followed by separate chapters on collision processes and the theory of elastic scattering; and atom reactions, with a discussion of experimental techniques (static, flow, and pulse methods), among the selected examples being the reactions of H, O, C, and N atoms with alkanes, alkenes, acetylene, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds. Subsequent chapters deal with experimental methods and results obtained by several techniques of relaxation methods in gases; thermal unimolecular reactions; and the interactions between chemical reactions, transport processes, and flow phenomena.

  • Nondestructive Activation Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 3
    • S. Amiel
    • English
    Studies in Analytical Chemistry, 3: Nondestructive Activation Analysis focuses on the reactions, principles, methodologies, and approaches involved in nondestructive activation analysis. The selection first offers information on irradiation, measurement and techniques, and manual and computerized data processing in activation analysis. Discussions focus on result computation with Nal(Tl) and Ge(Li) data, analysis of gamma-ray spectra, X-ray, spectrometry, neutron counting in activation analysis, neutron sources, and measurement of very short-lived nuclides. The book then examines applications, including biomedical sciences, geo- and cosmochemistry, applications of trace element analysis to studies of the atmospheric environment, and high purity materials, standards, and reference materials. The text discusses the applications of nondestructive activation analysis to archaeology, industry, and forensics. The selection is a vital reference for researchers wanting to explore nondestructive activation analysis.

  • Advances in Mass Spectrometry, Volume 12

    • 1st Edition
    • P.G. Kistemaker + 1 more
    • English
    These proceedings, containing the texts of the invited lectures, cover all aspects of mass spectrometry including theory, fundamental studies, applications and instrumentation. Emphasis is placed on recent developments. A complete listing of the posters is included.

  • Combustion, Flames and Explosions of Gases

    • 3rd Edition
    • Bernard Lewis + 1 more
    • English
    Combustion, Flames and Explosions of Gases, Third Edition provides the chemist, physicist, and engineer with the scientific basis for understanding combustion phenomena.

  • Further Challenging Problems in Organic Reaction Mechanisms

    • 1st Edition
    • Darshan Ranganathan
    • English
    Further Challenging Problems in Organic Reaction Mechanisms explores the problems encountered in the study of the various facets of organic chemistry, including syntheses, reactions, reagents, and reaction mechanisms. Each problem describes the starting material, the conditions of the reaction, and the product, followed by the reference to the original publication. This permits the reader to solve the problem, either independently or with guidance from the Pathways and Pointers provided, and then compare the results with those presented in the literature. This work is of great value to organic chemists and researchers and organic chemistry teachers and students.

  • Instruments and Measurements

    • 1st Edition
    • Birger Qvarnstrom
    • English
    Instruments and Measurements: Automatic Control documents the proceedings of the I&M Special Section on Automatic Control (I & MAC) held in Stockholm, Sweden on September 17-18, 1964. This book discusses the method determining process dynamics; identification of stationary time series; and optimum nuclear rocket start-up to develop full power at exact time with consideration of noise. The principle of servo-pendulum of long natural period and its application; autopilot system for hydrofoil seacraft; and temperature gradient control in thermal conductivity determinations are also deliberated. This text likewise covers the instrumentation problems involved in the measurement of the transient response of a hydraulic servomechanism; modified cartesian manostat for precise differential pressure control; and oscilloscope sweep circuit. This publication is beneficial to engineering students and researchers intending to acquire knowledge of automatic control.

  • The Theory of Kinetics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • R.G. Compton + 2 more
    • English
    The Theory of Kinetics covers the practice and theory of kinetics and the kinetics of inorganic and organic reactions in gaseous and condensed phases and at interfaces. This text is composed of five chapters and starts with a review of the kinetic characterization of complex reaction systems. The succeeding chapter describes the formal and radical kinetics, as well as the energy factor in chain reactions. These topics are followed by a survey of the theory of the kinetics of elementary gas phase reactions and the unimolecular reaction of activated chemical species. The discussion then shifts to the general properties, reactions, and the theory of elementary reactions in solution. The last chapter examines the theory of kinetics of solid-state reactions. This book is of great value to physical, inorganic, and organic chemists.

  • Photoabsorption, Photoionization, and Photoelectron Spectroscopy

    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph Berkowitz
    • English
    Photoabsorption, Photoionization, and Photoelectron Spectroscopy explores photoabsorption processes involving individual, isolated molecules in the wavelength or photon energy range from the ionization thresholds of molecules (usually in the vacuum ultraviolet region) through the soft and hard X-ray region and beyond the ""K edge."" The interaction between electromagnetic radiation and isolated molecules based on photoabsorption, photoionization, and photoelectron spectroscopy studies is described, along with the techniques for measurement of total and partial cross sections. This book is comprised of eight chapters and examines the decomposition of molecules and molecular ions as well as mildly excited (valence shell excitation) and highly excited (inner shell excitation) molecules. After providing a general theoretical background, it discusses certain classes of atoms and molecules and considers electromagnetic interactions with gases. The following chapters focus on photoabsorption below the first ionization limit; quasi-discrete states above the first ionization potential; and the ionization continuum. Total photoabsorption and photoionization cross sections for selected molecules are also considered, and the angular distribution of photoelectrons is analyzed. The various measurement techniques are described in the last chapter. This monograph will be of interest to radiation chemists, radiation physicists, photochemists, mass spectrometrists, and perhaps radiation biologists.

  • Molecular crystals and Molecules

    • 1st Edition
    • A Kitaigorodsky
    • English
    Molecular Crystals and Molecules deals with some of the problems of molecular crystallography and certain aspects of molecular structure. This book is composed of eight chapters that specifically cover the significant progress of conformational research. The opening chapter describes the structure of crystals considering the close-packing principle, disorder elements, and binary systems. The next two chapters examine the calculation of crystal lattice energy and dynamics. These topics are followed by discussions on the molecular movement, structural, and thermodynamic aspects of crystals. The final chapters look into the parameters for conformational calculations of molecules, macromolecules, and biopolymers. This book will be of great value to physical chemists and researchers who are interested in crystal and molecular structure.

  • Catalysis in Micellar and Macromoleular Systems

    • 1st Edition
    • Janos Fendler
    • English
    Catalysis in Micellar and Macromolecular Systems provides a comprehensive monograph on the catalyses elicited by aqueous and nonaqueous micelles, synthetic and naturally occurring polymers, and phase-transfer catalysts. It delineates the principles involved in designing appropriate catalytic systems throughout. Additionally, an attempt has been made to tabulate the available data exhaustively. The book discusses the preparation and purification of surfactants; the physical and chemical properties of surfactants and micelles; solubilization in aqueous micellar systems; and the principles of micellar catalysis. Separate chapters cover micellar catalysis of hydrolyses, solvolyses, aminolyses, and miscellaneous ionic reactions; micellar effects on organic equilibria and nucleophilic substitution reactions, and on hydrophobic interactions and protein structure; and radical and excited state reactions in micellar systems. The final chapters deal with interactions in and catalysis by micelles in nonaqueous solvents and in liquid crystalline phases; and catalysis in macromolecular and related systems. This book is aimed at the industrial and academic researcher regardless of his arbitrarily defined subfield, be it organic, inorganic, biological, colloid, etc. The treatment provides guidance and stimulus to bioorganic, inorganic, pharmaceutical, colloid, physical, and polymer chemists as well as to those who seek novel and unique catalysts in industrial processes. It can also serve as the basis of a graduate course.

  • Organometallic Vapor-Phase Epitaxy

    Theory and Practice
    • 1st Edition
    • Gerald B. Stringfellow
    • English
    Here is one of the first single-author treatments of organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy (OMVPE)--a leading technique for the fabrication of semiconductor materials and devices. Also included are metal-organic molecular-beam epitaxy (MOMBE) and chemical-beam epitaxy (CBE) ultra-high-vacuum deposition techniques using organometallic source molecules. Of interest to researchers, students, and people in the semiconductor industry, this book provides a basic foundation for understanding the technique and the application of OMVPE for the growth of both III-V and II-VI semiconductor materials and the special structures required for device applications. In addition, a comprehensive summary detailing the OMVPE results observed to date in a wide range of III-V and II-VI semiconductors is provided. This includes a comparison of results obtained through the use of other epitaxial techniques such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE), and vapor phase epitaxy using halide transport.

  • Inorganic Species, Part 1

    • 1st Edition
    • Roger Minear
    • English
    Inorganic Species, Part 1 separately considers the various inorganic and organic components that occur in water. While this separation is traditional, it does provide some distinct organizational advantages. This is important because of the wide-ranging audience likely to be using these works. Both practicing professionals and students in environmentally related disciplines will find these volumes to be a useful reference source. This book comprises six chapters, and begins with a focus on the origin and nature of selected inorganic constituents in natural waters. Succeeding chapters go on to discuss redox potential, which discusses its measurement and importance in water systems; alkalinity and acidity; conductance, which is defined here as a collective measure of dissolved ions; the theory and measurement of turbidity and residue; and, finally, a summary of methods for water-quality analysis of specific species. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the fields of geology and environmental engineering.

  • High Pressure Phase Behaviour of Multicomponent Fluid Mixtures

    • 1st Edition
    • R.J. Sadus
    • English
    The high pressure phase behaviour of binary fluid mixtures has been extensively studied during the last three decades. There is ample experimental data for a wide variety of binary mixtures and extensive methods for prediction have been developed. In contrast, the investigation of ternary and other multicomponent fluids is in its infancy. Experimental ternary mixture critical data are very rare and theoretical studies have been limited to data correlation rather than genuine prediction. The phase behaviour of ternary and other multicomponent fluid mixtures has many novel aspects which are not manifested in binary mixtures. The properties of ternary mixtures are also likely to be more difficult to characterize experimentally. It is in this context that calculated phase diagrams have an important role in leading the discovery of new phenomena and guiding experimental work.The criteria for phase equilibria of multicomponent fluids with particular emphasis on the critical state are examined in this book, and models for predicting fluid equilibria (e.g., different equations of state) are compared. Particular attention is paid to the critical state of ternary mixtures which has hitherto been largely neglected. The problems associated with predicting ternary equilibria are discussed, and some novel aspects of ternary critical phenomena are illustrated. The books also describes a novel type of critical transition which appears to be a common feature of the equilibria of ternary mixtures. Extensive phase diagrams of a wide range of ternary mixtures including systems containing carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen and tetrafluoromethane as one or more component are presented. The theoretical treatment is detailed in the appendix and a computation of known experimental critical points is also included.

  • Theory of Electric Polarization

    Dielectrics in Static Fields
    • 2nd Edition
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • English
    Theory of Electric Polarization: Dielectrics in Static Fields: Second Edition concerns the theory of the static behavior of dielectrics. The book reviews electric moment, electric dipoles, some concepts of, and problems of electrostatics. One problem concerns the phenomena of a conducting sphere in a homogeneous external field which was resolved using Laplace's equation. The text also discusses the work required to assemble a charge distribution, the energy of a dialectric or an induced dipole in an external field, and the electrostatic interaction of two particles. The book explores the reaction field of a polarizable or non-polarizable point dipole, the reaction field in an ellipsoidal cavity, the reaction field of an eccentric dipole in a spherical cavity, and the contribution of the permanent dipoles to the cohesion energy of a liquid. The text tackles the Onsager equation, the Debye equation, a correction to the Clausius-Mossotti equation, and the Kirkwood correlation factor. The book explains normal and anomalous saturation, electrostriction, as well as the non-linear effect due to the anisotropy of polarizability and hyperpolarizabilitie... The text can prove beneficial for researchers, investigators or scientists whose work involve organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, and inorganic chemistry.

  • Higher Excited States of Polyatomic Molecules V3

    • 1st Edition
    • Melvin Robin
    • English
    Higher Excited States of Polyatomic Molecules, Volume III focuses on higher electronic excitations in polyatomic molecules, with emphasis on excitations beyond 50,000 cm-1. This book explores the various transitions on the basis of their orbital characteristics. Organized into 22 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the relationships between spectra of different molecules and between the results of various types of spectroscopy. This book then discusses the higher excited states involving Rydberg excitation. Other chapters explore the higher excited states in all classes of biological, organic, and inorganic molecules. This text further discusses the progress in the area of higher excitations in polyatomic atoms and the technique of multiphoton ionization (MPI) spectroscopy that yields a remarkable amount of spectroscopic information applicable to the vacuum-ultraviolet region. The final chapter deals with the vacuum-ultraviolet spectroscopy of biological materials. Analytical chemists, photochemists, molecular spectroscopists, and researchers will find this book extremely useful.

  • Organometallic Polymers

    • 1st Edition
    • Charles E. Jr. Carraher
    • English
    Organometallic Polymers focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and potential applications of organometallic polymers. The discussion is organized around seven themes: vinyl polymerization of organometallic monomers; condensation polymerization of organometallic monomers; polymer-bound catalysts; applications of organotin polymers; developments in organosilicon polymers; phosphonitrile and sulfur nitride polymers; and coordination polymers. This book is comprised of 33 chapters and begins with a general review of polymerized vinyl monomers containing transition metals, as well as the reactivity of such monomers in addition to homo- and copolymerizations. The following chapters explore the participation of the ferrocene nucleus in the polymerization of vinylferrocene and its effect on polymer properties; thermomechanical transitions of ferrocene-containing polymers; photocrosslinkable organometallic polyesters; and supported catalysts for ethylene polymerization. The remaining sections discuss antifouling applications of various tin-containing organometallic polymers; structure and applications of polyphosphazenes and polymeric sulfur nitride; and coordination of inorganic ions to polymers. This monograph will be a useful resource for organic chemists and research workers in the field.

  • Computer Programs for Chemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • DeLos DeTar
    • English
    Computer Programs for Chemistry, Volume 4, aims to make available a useful collection of tested programs, which may be expected to have a long useful life. Since the programs in each volume are represented by considerably over 10,000 source cards, arrangements have been made to provide a master tape for each volume. The programs in the series fall into two broad classes: complete packages and subroutines. ANSI FORTRAN has been chosen as the language since it provides adequate flexibility and excellent compatibility. But where departures are needed for efficiency, the editors have not hesitated to allow use of small subroutines in nonstandard FORTRAN or in assembly language, with careful documentation. The programs discussed in this volume include LSKIN2, FRS3, GENLSS, CDORD, EQCENT, EDITQ and EDITID, LORAK, and INDEX. Anyone who intends to use computer techniques will have to learn about computer hardware and computer software. To use effectively even the stand-alone programs in these volumes requires some understanding of FORTRAN. This volume also contains a number of converting subroutines that are useful primarily to the serious programmer. These have proved especially useful as parts of programs presented in previous volumes.

  • Higher Excited States of Polyatomic Molecules V2

    • 1st Edition
    • Melvin Robin
    • English
    Higher Excited States of Polyatomic Molecules, Volume II focuses on a higher level of activity in vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy. This book explores the Rydberg states in atoms and molecules. Comprised of five chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the two-center unsaturated molecules that usually display sharp Rydberg transitions originating with the pi electrons. This book then discusses the unsaturated double bond that adds another dimension to the spectrum. Other chapters explore the optical spectrum of the amide group, which is the basic chromophoric unit in polypeptides. This text further discusses the all-electron calculations of the electronic structure of the amide group that is performed in Gaussian orbital basis sets. This book considers as well the prominent characteristic of Rydberg excitations in benzene. The final chapter deals with the biological molecules that are polyfunctional in general. Analytical chemists, photochemists, molecular spectroscopists, and researchers will find this book extremely useful.

  • Cyclophanes

    • 1st Edition
    • Philip Keehn
    • English
    Cyclophanes, Volume I is a collection of papers that reviews cyclophane chemistry. One paper describes the genesis of the cyclophane concept, covering its past, present, and future possible applications. The results of experimental and theoretical studies show the interrelationships between the structure and energetics in the class of compounds known as cyclophanes. Another paper relates the X-ray crystal structure determinations of cyclophanes to set the crystallographic and structural data of these systems in such a form that will enable comparisons, lead to an understanding of the geometries and deviations, and open the application of data to other areas of cyclophane chemistry. One paper reviews the methods by which nuclear magnetic resonance is applied to assign stereochemistry in the fixed phanes to show the conformational effects that have been observed in the mobile phanes. Another paper explains the synthesis, chemical, and physical properties of [n]cyclophanes, including systems with benzene, naphthalene, anthracene rings, heteroaromatics pyridine, furan, pyrrole, and thiophene. This collection can greatly profit researchers and academicians in the fields of organic chemistry, physical chemistry, and other scientists whose works revolve around aromatic compounds and cyclophanes.

  • Advances in High Temperature Chemistry V4

    • 1st Edition
    • Leroy Eyring
    • English
    Advances in High Temperature Chemistry, Volume 4 reviews and evaluates some techniques in high temperature chemistry. This book first discusses infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy of free radicals and molecular ions. It then turns to atomic carbon reactions and gas-solid surface reactions. It also presents several techniques for studying liquids and solids at extreme temperatures. Researchers and high temperature chemists will find this book invaluable.

  • Transition-Metal Organometallic Chemistry

    An Introduction
    • 1st Edition
    • R. Bruce King
    • English
    Transition-Metal Organometallic Chemistry: An Introduction presents the basic facts and principles of transition-metal organometallic chemistry. The book discusses the general principles of transition-metal organometallic chemistry; the organometallic derivatives of the early transition metals; and the organometallic derivatives of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten. The text also describes the organometallic derivatives of manganese, technetium, and rhenium; the organometallic derivatives of iron, ruthenium, and osmium; and the organometallic derivatives of cobalt, rhodium, and iridium. The organometallic derivatives of nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, and gold are also considered. Chemists and chemistry students will find the book invaluable.

  • Physical Principles and Techniques of Protein Chemistry Part B

    • 1st Edition
    • Sydney Leach
    • English
    Physical Principles and Techniques of Protein Chemistry, Part B deals with the theories and application of selected physical methods in protein chemistry evaluation. This book is divided into seven chapters that cover the ultracentrifugal analysis, light scattering, infrared (IR) methods, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and differential thermal analysis of protein properties. This text first describes the fundamental ideas and methodology of sedimentation analysis of ideal noninteracting solutes and the problems of nonideality and solute-solute interaction. This book then deals with the problems involved in the interpretation of viscometric data for evaluation of intrinsic viscosity of proteins. The following chapters examine the principles, measurement and analysis of spectra, and experimental techniques of light scattering, IR, and NMR spectroscopic methods. Discussions on coordination phenomena, identification of binding sites, and ion binding in the crystalline state and in protein solutions are included. The concluding chapter presents some examples of protein analysis using differential thermal analysis technique. This book is of great value to chemists, biologists, and researchers who have great appreciation of protein chemistry.

  • Physical Methods in Heterocyclic Chemistry V3

    • 1st Edition
    • A Katritzky
    • English
    Physical Methods in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Volume III provides information pertinent to ionization constants and ultraviolet spectra. This book discusses the methods for the prediction of ionization constants. Comprised of seven chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the ionization constants of a number of heterocyclic compounds. This text then describes the procedures that are usually followed when molecular structure determinations based on electron diffraction measurements are carried out. Other chapters consider the concept of group frequencies, which rests upon the experimental fact that certain groups of atom give rise to vibrational transitions which are close or at the same frequency irrespective of the particular molecule in which the group occurs. The final chapter deals with the optical rotatory power, which is the only generally accessible physical property by which enantiomers can be distinguished in isolation. Heterocyclic chemists, biochemists, molecular biologists, and researchers will find this book extremely useful.

  • Kinetics Of Gas Reaction VIA

    • 1st Edition
    • Willhelm Jost
    • English
    Physical Chemistry: An Advanced Treatise, Volume VIA: Kinetics of Gas Reactions discusses single reaction steps, such as transformations of atoms and molecules in specified velocities, impact parameters, and inner states into products of specified states. This book is divided into six chapters. Chapter 1 covers formal kinetics, while Chapter 2 reviews the survey of kinetic theory, as one of the bases of reaction kinetics. The Born-Oppenheimer adiabatic approximation, valence bond method, and orbital symmetry in reaction kinetics are elaborated in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 is devoted to the theory of energy transfer in molecular collisions, considering the several possible types of energy exchange. Chapter 5 focuses on the molecular beam scattering experiments on elastic, inelastic, and reactive collisions. The dynamics of bimolecular reactions are elaborated in the last chapter. This volume is intended for graduate and physical chemistry students interested in kinetics of gas reactions.

  • Polymer Solutions

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 9
    • H. Fujita
    • English
    Remarkable progress has been made in the last two decades in the study of concentrated polymer solutions leading to many new concepts, theories, and techniques in the field of polymer science. Any description of the theory of polymer solutions is now insufficient unless both concentrated and dilute solutions are given equal attention. This book reviews recent developments in the study of dilute and concentrated polymer solutions, emphasizing mainly the typical equilibrium and steady-state dynamic properties of linear homopolymers. The author strives to clarify the gap which still remains open between current theories and well-documented experimental results, thereby stimulating further efforts toward a more accurate understanding of polymer solutions.The book contains a collection of typical experimental data and their comparison with current theories, molecular or phenomenological, a summary of recent advances in the physics of concentrated polymer solutions and melts, and an elementary account of the renormalization group theory as applied to dilute solutions. Polymer Solutions should prove invaluable as a reference work for graduate students and specialists in this field.

  • Physical Methods in Modern Chemical Analysis V3

    • 1st Edition
    • Theodore Kuwana
    • English
    Physical Methods in Modern Chemical Analysis, Volume 3 presents the fundamental principles, the instrumentation or necessary equipment, and applications of selected physical methodologies in chemical analysis. This volume contains chapters that discuss various topics on chemical analysis methods such as transform methods in chemistry; X-ray spectrometry; the principles of electrochemical measurements; and global optimization strategy for gas-chromatographic separations. The book will prove to be an excellent reference material for chemists, researchers, and students of chemistry.

  • Introduction to the Mathematics of Quasicrystals

    • 1st Edition
    • Marko V. Jaric
    • English
    Introduction to the Mathematics of Quasicrystals provides a pedagogical introduction to mathematical concepts and results necessary for a quantitative description or analysis of quasicrystals. This book is organized into five chapters that cover the three mathematical areas most relevant to quasicrystals, namely, the theory of almost periodic functions, the theory of aperiodic tilings, and group theory. Chapter 1 describes the aspects of the theory of tiling in two- and three-dimensional space that are important for understanding some of the ways in which “classical” mathematical crystallography is being generalized; this process is to include possible models for aperiodic crystals. Chapter 2 examines the non-local nature of assembly “mistakes” that might have significance to the quasicrystals growth. This chapter also describes how closely a physical quasicrystal might be able to approximate a three-dimensional version of tilings. Chapter 3 discusses the theoretical background and concepts of group theory of icosahedral quasicrystals. Chapter 4 presents the local properties of the three-dimensional Penrose tilings and their global construction is described through the projection method. This chapter emphasizes the relationship between quasiperiodic sets of points and quasiperiodic tiling. Chapter 5 explores the analysis of defects in quasicrystals and their kinetics, as well as some properties of the perfect system. This book is of great value to physicists, crystallographers, metallurgists, and beginners in the field of quasicrystals.

  • Cyclobutadiene and Related Compounds

    • 1st Edition
    • M.P. Cava
    • English
    Cyclobutadiene and Related Compounds describes the four-membered carbocyclic compounds that have only trigonally hybridized carbon atoms in the ring. The book discusses the chemistry of cyclobutadiene and the substituted cyclobutadienes, including the preparation of cyclobutadiene-metal complexes that can be done in four ways. These are (1) by reaction of acetylenes with transition metal compounds, (2) from cyclobutenyl metal complexes, (3) by transformation of other cyclobutadiene-metal complexes, and (4) by trapping cyclobutadienes with transitional metal compounds. The text also describes cyclobutadiene dianion, the chemistry of the cyclobutadienequinon... the condensed methylenecyclobutene aromatic systems, and the higher aromatic analogs of benzocyclobutadiene. The book cites proofs of the structure of biphenylene using chemical and physical methods. The text also presents theoretical aspects of the cyclobutadiene problem including studies regarding the ?-electronic state of cyclobutadiene; the comparisons of some of these studies; the framework energies and Janh-Teller considerations; and the substituted cyclobutadienes, cyclobutadiene divalent ions, and metal complexes. This book is suitable for scientists and researchers working in the field of organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and molecular physics.

  • Chemistry of the Cell Interface Part B

    • 1st Edition
    • Harry Brown
    • English
    Chemistry of the Cell Interface, Part B deals with the relationship of structure to biochemical reactions. This book is divided into three chapters. Chapter VI focuses on the water's contribution to the reaction systems, emphasizing the nature of the cell's aqueous phases. The matrix-supported enzymes, technology of the model, and properties of enzymes bound to polymeric matrices that have been contrasted with solution and membrane particle systems are elaborated in Chapter VII. The last chapter focuses on the aspects of protein chemistry pertinent to the design of interface experimental systems. Other topics include the structure of water near interfaces, functional role of water in biological systems, and adsorbed and ionically bonded enzymes. The enzymes insolubilized by the use of bridging compounds and changes in protein conformation associated with chemical modification are likewise covered in this text. This publication is a good source for morphologists, chemists, and specialists of disciplines related to the chemistry of cell interface.

  • Gas Chromatography with Glass Capillary Columns

    • 1st Edition
    • Walter Jennings
    • English
    Gas Chromatography with Glass Capillary Columns describes glass capillary technology and the selection, installation, evaluation, and use of glass open tubular columns for gas chromatography. Discussions are organized around the glass capillary column; column coating and installation; inlet systems; measurement of column efficiency; temperature programming and carrier flow; and retention behavior. Column selection and stability and sample preparation are also covered. This text is comprised of 13 chapters; the first of which introduces the reader to the practical considerations involved in the selection, installation, evaluation, and use of high-resolution open tubular glass capillary columns, along with the theory of the chromatographic process. The discussion then turns to the influence of operating parameters and storage conditions on the interrelated forces involved in coating glass capillary columns; the dynamic and static techniques of column coating; and design defects in the inlet system caused by excessive volume and dead space. The chapters that follow focus on general considerations in column attachment, measurement of column efficiency, and retention behavior of carrier gas, along with the operating temperature of the column, the choice of carrier gas, and carrier gas velocity. This book also looks at the factors that affect column stability, materials of restricted volatility, and some applications of glass capillary gas chromatography. This reference material is intended primarily for students and researchers interested in gas chromatography with glass capillary columns.

  • Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Michael F. L'Annunziata
    • English
    Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis is written by experts in the measurement of radioactivity. The book describes the broad scope of analytical methods available and instructs the reader on how to select the proper technique. It is intended as a practical manual for research which requires the accurate measurement of radioactivity at all levels, from the low levels encountered in the environment to the high levels measured in radioisotope research. This book contains sample preparation procedures, recommendations on steps to follow, necessary calculations, computer controlled analysis, and high sample throughput techniques. Each chapter includes practical techniques for application to nuclear safety, nuclear safeguards, environmental analysis, weapons disarmament, and assays required for research in biomedicine and agriculture. The fundamentals of radioactivity properties, radionuclide decay, and methods of detection are included to provide the basis for a thorough understanding of the analytical procedures described in the book. Therefore, the Handbook can also be used as a teaching text.

  • Chains, Clusters, Inclusion Compounds, Paramagnetic Labels, and Organic Rings

    • 1st Edition
    • P. Zanello
    • English
    The role of stereochemistry to elucidate reaction patterns and physico-chemical properties in topical subjects ranging from inorganic to organic chemistry are treated in the fifth and final volume of this series. Detailed accounts are given to study: chaining in polyphosphates, electron-transfers in carbonyl clusters, inclusion of organometallic molecules in cyclodextrins, stereochemistry of paramagnetic metal complexes by labeling with nitroxyl radicals, stereocontrol in organic syntheses assisted by inorganic complexes.

  • The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes V7

    • 1st Edition
    • K Venkataraman
    • English
    The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes, Volume VII covers the synthesis and application of dyes, fluorescent brightening agents, color and electronic states of organic molecules, photochemistry of dyes, and physical chemistry of dyeing. This book is organized into five chapters—sulfur dyes; Bunte salt dyes; state of dye in dyebath and substrate; kinetics, equilibrium, dye-fiber affinity, and mechanisms; and applications of synthetic dyes to biological problems. This compilation specifically discusses the sulfur dyes of known constitution, analysis of sulfur dyes, and chemistry of Bunte salts. The chemical modification of proteins and dyes as antibacterial and therapeutic agents is also treated. This volume is recommended for organic chemists and technologists interested in the synthesis of dyes and their applications.

  • Quantitative Organic Microanalysis

    • 2nd Edition
    • Al Steyermark
    • English
    Quantitative Organic Microanalysis, Second Edition presents the recommendations of the American Chemical Society group for specification and methods of organic microanalysis. This book is organized into 23 chapters, and starts with discussions on test samples, blank tests, second type of efficient vibration-absorbing balance table, and microchemical balances. Other general topics covered include the Kjeldahl procedures to determine nitrogen compounds; oxygen flask combustions; determination of fluorine; and microhydrogenation. The final chapters present the modification of the procedure for the determination of oxygen using gravimetry. This book will be of great value to microanalysts, researchers, and college students who wants to expand their understanding in organic microanalysis.

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