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Elsevier

Books in Psychology

Elsevier's Psychology collection is vital for students and psychologists, providing a thorough understanding of the mind and behavior. Covering human thought, development, personality, emotion, and motivation, it offers insights into both theoretical and practical aspects. Through topics like cognitive, developmental, and clinical psychology, it equips researchers and students to address real-world challenges and advance their understanding of the field.

  • Anxiety

    Psychological Perspectives on Panic and Agoraphobia
    • 1st Edition
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • English
    This volume analyses the perplexing and often disabling form of distress known as anxiety from a psychological rather than a biomedical perspective, illustrating the rich contribution that psychological theory has made and is making to this topic.**The first section extensively examines the clinical literature, describing and delineating with case examples the cluster of characteristic features termed panic-anxiety. Research findings in other clinical areas such as alcohol dependence are shown to have conceptual and empirical links with panic-anxiety. The second section of the book reviews and evaluates the main theoretical approaches to anxiety, including specific models of panic and agoraphobia, challenging many traditional assumptions and advocating the analysis of anxiety as a socially constructed meaning imposed on experience rather than a theoretical concept or psychopathological state. The methodological implications are discussed and a schematic model of panic-anxiety is proposed.**The theoretical integration represents a major contribution to the resurgence of interest in this field and will be of relevance to all researchers and postgraduate students within the mental health professions.**FROM THE PREFACE: This book has two main objectives. The first is to describe a dimension of psychological distress I have called panic-anxiety. This takes up the first part of the book, which surveys literature that is primarily descriptive and psychiatric. The second objective is pursued in the second part of the book, in which I examine a large number of theories of anxiety to see what they might have to offer in explaining the panic-anxiety cluster of complaints. I am therefore concerned to apply psychological theory to a real-world problem, that is, to what people who seek professional help loosely describe as panic, anxiety and fears of public situations.**The theoretical and experimental literature on anxiety is so vast that I have had to be disciplined and in no small measure prejudiced in favour of a particular theoretical perspective. I have attempted as far as possible to treat anxiety as a lay construct, that is, as a social construction and not a scientific concept. For this reason, I have endeavoured to refer to reports of anxiety or to complaints of anxiety in order to avoid the common tendency to reify anxiety as a an entity which exists independently of the social origins of the term. Accordingly, I believe that the relevant question to ask is not, What is anxiety? but, What are the antecedents of reports (or complaints) of anxiety?**It is intended that this book should provide a coherent perspective on a common form of psychological distress, of value to therapists, researchers and students of abnormal psychology. In many ways, the problems for which people seek help do not define 'natural' areas of scientific research, and so it is difficult to combine theoretical and practical interests in one book. The complaints with which I am particularly concerned--panic and fears of public places--can be analysed to reveal scientific questions which have a significance much wider than the explanation of particular complaints made to professionals working in a clinical context. Apart from its obvious social significance, a clinical area is therefore simply a point of departure for scientific investigation. My intention, then, is to use this clinical area as an illustration of how such problems might be tackled from a theoretical perspective which is essentially psychological.**The theoretical position I have adopted owes much to the views of Sarbin (1964, 1968), Mandler (1975) and Averill (1980a,b). In taking anxiety to be a lay construct, I assume that the 'What is?' questions rightly belong to the sociology of knowledge. Of course, the applied psychologist also has substantive issues to consider. For example, How can this individual be helped to report calmness rather than anxiety? or, How can that individual be helped to travel freely on public transport? I suggest that the most positive contribution a social constructivist position has to offer is to dissuade researchers from regarding these real-life problems as reflecting an underlying emotion of anxiety, or, even less helpful, an anxiety disorder.**Biologica... and medical research on anxiety is also considered in this light. Reductive biological and pathological hypotheses are rejected, but an attempt is made to integrate the biological aspects at a higher level of analysis. For this reason, the book differs from others which tend to confine themselves to a description and explanation of postulated disorders or syndromes. Because the emphasis of this book is essentially conceptual, there is relatively little discussion of assessment and therapy, apart from a general critique of current approaches.**Most experiences described as fear or anxiety in an everyday context have an identifiable source or object. When these experiences are reported as unbearably intense or lead to the avoidance of various situations, they are generally referred to as phobias. In the past 20 years there has been a considerable advance in the technology of reducing and eliminating unwanted phobias. The new methods of imaginal and real-life confrontation are successful in the majority of cases when anxiety is reported in connection with specific eliciting stimuli. The same success cannot be claimed for methods of dealing with complaints of anxiety that appear to be unrelated to identifiable circumstances. In one form of these complaints, a person may suddenly feel overwhelmed by unpleasant sensations which are usually described as a panic attack. Panic and other complaints of anxiety which are perceived as irrational form the principal interest of this book. A second major concern is the problem of fears of public places, often referred to as agoraphobia. Typically, the person who complains of these fears is unable to leave the home unaccompanied, although travel by car, a 'safe' environment, is usually possible. Although agoraphobia is tied to situations, the fear is not reported to be about these situations but is usually expressed as a fear of experiencing a panic attack in these situations. As I will argue, fears of public situations appear to be associated with panic and complaints of anxiety of a nonspecific kind.**FROM THE FOREWORD: This book is a welcome addition to a growing literature that treats perplexing and sometimes disabling conduct from a psychological rather than a biomedical perspective. It is one of an increasing number of treatises that boldly assume that psychological events may be studied in their own right without reducing the phenomena to biological or mentalistic categories. Among other topics, Hallam critically reviews the clinical and experimental work on self-reported anxiety, panic and agoraphobia. He demonstrates with considerable force the disutility of the traditional practice of assigning such phenomena to a world of disordered minds.**Anxiety has been employed as a key concept in many psychoanalytic and psychological theories. Before its use as a theoretical construct, anxiety was a lay construct, a metaphor invented to communicate about vaguely perceived and poorly understood sensory experience. This lay construct, or metaphor, was metonymically transformed by certain theorists seeking a universal intervening variable to account for puzzling conduct. That is to say, the theorists transfigured anxiety to a cause from its original use as a metaphor for effects of interpersonal actions and physiological responses. As a staple of biomedical research and practice, anxiety is a reified metaphor. One of the results of the uncritical use of the reified metaphor was the creation of such unproductive diagnostic categories as anxiety neurosis, anxiety hysteria and anxiety state. Hallam's review of research and practice makes abundantly clear that this metaphor-to-myth transformation has little utility, either as a heuristic for research or as a model for therapy.**Many lessons are to be learned from this book, not the least of which is the demonstration that the lay construct, anxiety, is multireferential. When a clinician asks a client for referents for such complaints as, 'I am anxious' (or 'panicky' or 'agoraphobic'), the client's response is drawn from a limitless pool of vague and ambiguous descriptors. Examples of the interpretations offered by clients include such diverse referents as 'I had the feeling I was about to die', 'I was suffocating, gasping for air', 'My legs became rubbery', 'I was about to faint', 'My brain was racing ahead of my thought', and so on.**From Hallam's detailed analysis of the multireferential nature of anxiety complaints, one could formulate the following rule for praxis: When a client employs 'anxiety' or a similar descriptor in his or her self-report, regard it as metaphoric utterance, not as a statement that demands causal analysis. The metaphoric utterance, that is, the complaint, is a social construction whose building blocks include the client's beliefs, linguistic skills, purposes and concurrent existential or identity problems.**Another lesson to be learned from this book is the continuity of anxiety complaints as reported in clinical settings with those of persons who do not come to the attention of professional helpers. Such continuity is an argument against the identification of anxiety complaints as a psychiatric disorder. For example, the fear of strange places may be universal and not restricted to a clinical population if the definition of strange places is broad enough.**The author holds that the client, like the rest of us, constructs his or her world from perceptions, beliefs, imaginings and rememberings. Thus anxiety is a construction, and it is communicated to others (and to the self) with the aid of metaphoric and metonymic translations. This constructivist view is fast displacing the entrenched biomedical view that treats human beings as passive reactors to stimuli according to still-to-be discovered mechanistic laws. Metaphors drawn from physics, geology and technology, so tightly woven into the texture of the mechanistic world view, have lost the power to stimulate meaningful research and theory about the complexities of human action. As a result, social scientists are turning to humanistic disciplines for their working metaphors, among them, game playing, narrative, drama and rhetoric.**The use of such descriptive metaphors reflects a world view that is in sharp contrast to the mechanistic world view that has dominated scientific thought, including that of psychology and psychiatry, for so long. Contextualism is the name assigned to this alternative world view, and its root metaphor is the historical act. Among other things, this root metaphor entails that the actors who participate in the creation of historical acts are agents. They engage in intentional actions not only to solve problems of a practical nature, but also to maintain or enhance their identities. Toward this end, they construct their worlds. Some constructions provide the backdrop for personal drama, one outcome of which may be the self-report of anxiety. Another element of the contextualist metaphysic is that change and novelty, rather than invariance, are to be expected.**Hallam's critical review of the scientific literature on anxiety and emotion supports the conclusion that the failure of modern science to formulate a general theory of anxiety is traceable to the slavish (and often unrecognized) adherence to the biomedical model. The users of this model seek causality within the organism, either in the somatic networks or in the assumed mind-space. It is not an inappropriate strategy, given their stance that the objects of their attention are regarded as passive, not as active agents. The supporters of the biomedical model have failed to achieve a consistently workable theory as a basis for therapy because human beings are, in fact, agents. Thus, a clinican who reads this book and elects to apply its wisdom would not address a person's complaint of anxiety with the question, What is the cause of the anxiety? but rather with questions of this sort: What are the antecedent and concurrent interpersonal conditions that influence a person as agent to turn his or her attention to vaguely defined internal events, to choose the sick role or to describe perplexing happenings with particular metaphors or metonymies? What are his or her concerns about death and dying, being abandoned or loss of face? What are the person's power relations and how does the sick role influence his or her relative power? How does the person's self-narrative fit into the self-narratives of significant others?**In my own experience, I have found it useful to look upon complaints of anxiety as a form of attention deployment, not unlike the attention deployment of the classical hypochondriac. The broad focus on bodily symptoms, besides providing the basis for adopting the sick role, effectively supports efforts in the context of significant social relationships not to spell out certain imagined or perceived flaws in one's character. The question that guides the search for understanding is, What are the client's reasons for turning attention to complaints of anxiety? In this respect, the clinician might entertain the hypothesis of self-deception and its implications for discovering and formulating reasons for the client's attention deployment to events described as anxiety.**The foregoing remarks are but a sample of the clinical and theoretical notions generated in my reading of Hallam's treatise. A bountiful harvest of insights awaits both the practicing clinician and the laboratory scientist engaged in solving the mystery of anxiety. The rich yield is due in no small measure to the author's ability simultaneously to reflect his experience as clinician and as scientist. As clinician*b1scientis... he illuminates many puzzling observations and opens the way for a better understanding of human problems.

  • Children as Teachers

    Theory and Research on Tutoring
    • 1st Edition
    • Vernon L. Allen
    • English
    Children as Teachers: Theory and Research on Tutoring covers topics on the use of children to tutor other children in school; helping relationships in general; and cross-age interaction by children. The book discusses the basic theoretical and empirical foundations for practical programs; original empirical research relevant to cross-age interaction and the impact of tutoring on both the tutor and the tutee; and a wide range of tutoring programs that operate in the schools. The text also reviews existing research on tutoring by children, as well as research and experience on the advantages and disadvantages of several alternative decisions when establishing a tutoring program in the school. Some of the papers in the book report interesting scientific information on topics having obvious practical implications: social class and ethnic differences in tutoring by young children; teaching by siblings; nonverbal skills and consequences of tutoring for the tutor; and the use of a variety of nonprofessionals as helpers. Educators, social scientists, psychologists, and policy makers will find the book invaluable.

  • The Ethics of Psychological Research

    • 1st Edition
    • J. D. Keehn
    • English
    The Ethics of Psychological Research contains expanded versions of original presentations reported in a two-day symposium on Ethics in Psychological Research held at Atkinson College, York University, near Toronto in September 1980. The book is organized into three major sections, wherein the first deals with ethical principles and regulations, the second with ethics of research with special populations, and the third with problems associated with applications of scientific knowledge. A concluding section then details the results of a psychological research method applied to the question of a psychological ethic.

  • Human Memory

    Basic Processes
    • 1st Edition
    • Gordon H. Bower
    • English
    Human Memory: Basic Processes provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of human memory. This book provides a general theoretical framework for human memory, information processing, and retrieval. Organized into seven chapters, this book begins with an overview of the permanent features of memory. This text then outlines several experimental findings that support a multiple-store model of memory, with emphasis on the free recall with extension made to other recall tasks. Other chapters describe the results of a number of experiments designed to test specific models that can be obtained from the overall theory. This book discusses as well the permanent, structural features of the memory system. The final chapter deals with the representation of the memory trace of an event in terms that are compatible with the multicomponent theory. This book is a valuable resource for advanced students in experimental psychology. Psychological researchers will also find this book useful.

  • Early Childhood Education

    An International Perspective
    • 1st Edition
    • Gilbert R. Austin
    • Allen J. Edwards
    • English
    Early Childhood Education: An International Perspective presents the summarized outcomes of a five-year cross-cultural survey of early childhood education in the Western world. It provides understanding of some of the topics of debate surrounding preschool education. The text approaches the argument by centering on the history of philosophical thought in early childhood education and offers information on the political and social-cultural changes that have inspired interest in facilitating children’s early learning experience. The book discusses the historical background of early childhood education in the United States. It focuses on the ideas and evidence showing the significance of cooperation in international research. Another topic of interest is the early childhood education in England, Wales, Canada, and Sweden. The section that follows is a review of the aims and objectives of early childhood education. The text will provide valuable insights for teachers, educators, students, and researchers in the field of social sciences.

  • Neuropsychology

    A Textbook of Systems and Psychological Functions of the Human Brain
    • 1st Edition
    • Stuart J. Dimond
    • English
    Neuropsychology: A Textbook of Systems and Psychological Functions of the Human Brain provides a comprehensive account of the physiography of the brain and its working systems. This textbook explores how the human brain produces behavior and mental function out of identifiable systems or subcomponents. Comprised of 18 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the systems of the brain as well as the architecture of the brain and nervous system. The discussion then turns to the micropsychology of the brain; the fabric of the nervous system; and how the brain becomes modified by experience. The following chapters focus on the motor and auditory functions of the brain; the physiological mechanisms of sexual behavior; how emotion is generated out of the activity of specific mechanisms of the brain; and how the brain conducts vision. The regions of the brain involved in space perception, sleep, memory, learning, and language are also considered. The final chapter is devoted to discrete centers of the brain responsible for mental functions. This monograph will be a useful source of knowledge for neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, physiologists, neurosurgeons, and others interested in the human brain and its behavior.

  • Current Topics in Clinical and Community Psychology

    Volume 2
    • 1st Edition
    • Charles D. Spielberger
    • English
    Current Topics in Clinical and Community Psychology, Volume 2 covers the need of scientific work in the field of clinical and community psychology to the problems of modern society. The book discusses a new area of specialization - clinical neuropsychology; and the behavior deficits that result from brain damage in humans that may result from agents such as mind-altering drugs, alcohol, tranquilizers, and inadequate diet. The text also describes the sequential system for personality scale development; the prediction of violence with psychological tests; the relationship between depression and oral contraception. The quest for valid preventive interventions is also considered. Clinical psychologists, community psychologists, psychiatrists and students taking related courses will find the book useful.

  • Invitation to Psychology

    • 2nd Edition
    • John P. Houston + 2 more
    • English
    Invitation to Psychology provides an introduction to fundamental concepts in psychology. It seeks to address the need of both teachers and students by offering two different kinds of chapters. The first variety covers the basic data and research within each of the traditional areas of psychology. In these "basic" chapters, the authors provide up-to-date and complete coverage of important developments in each area. The second type of chapter is innovative. These "exploring" chapters examine some of the practical applications and implications of the findings discussed in the basic chapters. These describe how basic psychological data are being used in the outside world, and discuss ongoing, often controversial explorations into some frontier areas of psychology. In other words, information about explorations and applications that is often scattered through the pages of other texts is brought together into systematic chapters in this text. The dual-chapter approach helps resolve the dilemma of differing expectations of teachers and students. Key topics covered include the definition of psychology; the psychological basis of behavior; sensation and perception; states of awareness; learning, memory, and cognition; motivation and emotion; abnormal psychology and social behavior.

  • Progress in Behavior Modification

    Volume 17
    • 1st Edition
    • Michel Hersen + 2 more
    • English
    Progress in Behavior Modification, Volume 17 covers the developments in behavior modification. The book discusses psychophysiological assessment; behavioral counseling; and applications of behavioral medicine with children at risk of coronary heart disease. The text also describes the intervention for behavioral risk factors in coronary heart disease in children; behavioral medicine in children with pain disorders, seizures, neuromuscular disorders, diabetes, and pediatric oncology; and the training of behavior change agents. The private practice of behavior therapy is also considered. Psychologists and paediatricians will find the book invaluable.

  • Boundary Areas in Social and Developmental Psychology

    • 1st Edition
    • John C. Masters + 1 more
    • English
    Boundary Areas in Social and Developmental Psychology is based largely on the proceedings of a conference at Vanderbilt University in June 1981. One of the goals is to highlight some examples of research that illustrate facets of the important boundary area between social and developmental psychology. The book opens with a chapter that deals with the broad issues of boundary areas in psychology, ending with specific consideration of the boundary between social and developmental psychology. This is followed by separate chapters that consider general propositions regarding the importance of integrating concepts and methods from social and developmental psychology in the study of social relationships; show how integrating social and developmental considerations can assist in the understanding of relationships between parents and children; and apply developmental and social concepts to identify and study some of the aspects of the marital relationship that may lead to its dissolution. Subsequent chapters deal with boundary area issues focusing primarily on children's social behavior. These include the complexity of social processes inherent in children's peer relationships and the role of social exchange processes in social relationships from infancy to adulthood.

  • Personality Differences and Biological Variations

    A Study of Twins
    • 1st Edition
    • Gordon Claridge + 2 more
    • H. J. Eysenck
    • English
    Personality Differences and Biological Variations: A Study of Twins details a study aimed to discover the genetic uniqueness of twins and the biological basis of their individual differences. Coverage of the book includes the details of the project – its aims, method, its theoretical background, sample selection and the description of the sample; personality traits in twins the sociability/impulsiv... and the Foulds hostility scale; and the influence of age and separation. The book also covers some aspects of cognitive function in twins – divergent thinking and the analysis of its measures; conceptual thinking; and the relationship of personality and cognitive function. The book also includes twins' physiological measures; their sedative drug tolerance; and a nervous typological analysis of their personal variaton. The text is recommended for psychologists who wish to learn more and study about how twins think and how they get along with one another.

  • Personality and National Character

    International Series of Monographs in Experimental Psychology
    • 1st Edition
    • R. Lynn
    • H. J. Eysenck
    • English
    Personality and National Character analyses the underlying factors that contribute to the national character of a people from the point of view of modern psychology. The book focuses mainly in the manifestations of the level of anxiety. Chapters discuss such topics as anxiety and psychosis; suicide and alcoholism; the relation between anxiety and sex; anxiety and economic growth; climatic effects on anxiety; and anxiety and race. Psychiatrists, sociologists, economists, psychologists, and educators will find the book invaluable.

  • Progress in Psychobiology and Physiological Psychology

    • 1st Edition
    • Alan N. Epstein + 1 more
    • English
    Progress in Psychobiology and Physiological Psychology: Volume 13 provides continuing information and a cumulative archive in physiological psychology through papers contributed by experts from related fields. The text covers topics such as the weaning from milk of infants; the effect of tachykinins on the regulation of body fluids; the brain mechanisms of aggression by electrical and chemical stimulation; and the behavioral and cardiovascular components of the defense reaction. Also covered are topics such as the behavioral neurobiology of circadian pacemakers, as well as the mechanisms of brain-stimulation reward. The book is recommended for medical doctors and psychologists who would like to know more about studies in the field of psychobiology and physiological psychology.

  • Contributions to Medical Psychology

    • 1st Edition
    • S. Rachman
    • English
    The role of the clinical psychologist has traditionally been confined to psychiatry, but with the development in medicine of the importance of treating the 'whole man' it has been realized that we have neglected the psychological aspect of medical care. This book, the first in a series of volumes on the subject of medical psychology, provides 10 important contributions on how psychologists can provide a service and implement research in areas of medicine where the 'human aspect' has been eroded by technological advances

  • Rehumanizing Housing

    • 1st Edition
    • Necdet Teymur + 2 more
    • English
    Rehumanizing Housing is a proceeding of a conference of the same name, which was held at the Whitechapel Art Gallery, London, on 27 February 1987. This conference is a gathering of experts from different fields who discussed the subject of housing. The book is divided into three parts. Part 1 discusses topics such as concepts, principles, and terminologies, related to housing; prescription in housing design; and problems in housing, while Part 2 deals with housing design, space and enclosure, and management. Part 3 covers the history of housing; its possible direction in the future; and the restructuring of the housing market. The text is recommended for suburban planners, architects, and those involved in real estate and the housing business, especially those who would like to know more about the trends in the subject.

  • How to Find Out in Psychology

    A Guide to the Literature and Methods of Research
    • 1st Edition
    • D. H. Borchardt + 1 more
    • English
    How to Find Out in Psychology: A Guide to the Literature and Methods of Research is a research guidebook in psychology. The book is comprised of 11 chapters that address concerns in psychological research. The text first covers the concept of psychology and its major theories, and then proceeds to tackling bibliographic aids for research in psychology. The next series of chapters details the methodologies in researching and presenting. The last chapters discuss the professional matters in psychology. The book will be of great use to students, researchers, and practitioners of behavioral science.

  • Affect and Memory

    A Reformulation
    • 1st Edition
    • Satrajit Dutta + 1 more
    • H.J. Eysenck
    • English
    Affect and Memory: A Reformulation presents the hypothetical concepts involved in understanding the affect-memory relationship from a new perspective. The text first covers the relevance of affect in memory, and then proceeds to discussing the stages in memory process, along with the limitation of previous research on the subject. In the second chapter, the book details the problem in the affect-memory relationship. The third chapter presents the main characteristics of ""the intensity of perceived affect hypothesis."" The next two chapters detail empirical studies that provide evidence of the role of intensity of perceived affect in selective memory. The last chapter of the text talks about the integrative framework that explains the diverse findings stemming from contemporary work, and provides a guide to upcoming experimental research in the area of affect and selective memory. The book will be of great interest to researchers and practitioners of psychology, psychiatry, and neurology.

  • Mental Models and Human-Computer Interaction

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • Martin G. Tauber + 1 more
    • English
    Nowadays, mental models are seen as crucial in systems design. Research is driven by the assumption that a better insight into a user's cognitive processes when using a system will improve design methods and provide friendly and efficient interfaces.The papers in this volume explore three fundamental issues: understanding the complexity of the intended worksystem, describing it by models and finally building the required powerful and usable system. The papers are an edited selection of those presented at the 8th interdisciplinary workshop on Mental Models and HCI, held in Austria in June 1989. They concentrate primarily on design issues, their theoretical background and the application of the concept of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Nevertheless, there are also contributions on theoretical topics and methodological questions.

  • Emotion, Psychopathology, and Psychotherapy

    • 1st Edition
    • Robert Plutchik + 1 more
    • English
    Emotion: Theory, Research, and Experience, Volume 5: Emotion, Psychopathology, and Psychotherapy is concerned with the formulation of models of emotion psychopathology and psychotherapy. The book focuses on the dysregulation of emotion, methods for changing emotion and the experience of emotion. The papers contained in the volume are grouped into theoretical works that link emotions to psychopathology and psychotherapy based on concepts derived from evolutionary biology; theoretical works that utilizes psychoanalysis in understanding emotions; and the transformation of cognitive constructions through psychotherapy. Psychologists, psychiatrists, psychoanalysts, sociobiologists, and students in the allied fields will find the book a good source of insight.

  • The Discrimination Process and Development

    International Series of Monographs in Experimental Psychology
    • 1st Edition
    • Brian J. Fellows
    • English
    The Discrimination Process and Development, Volume 5 covers the fields of behavioral theory and experimental child psychology. This book aims to develop the theory of the discrimination process and relate this theory to certain features of the perceptual and cognitive development of the child. Organized into 21 chapters, this volume starts with a discussion of discrimination process whereby an organism responds to differences between stimuli. This text then discusses the classical discrimination experiment whereby it employs two discriminative stimuli, one of which is positive and the other negative. Other chapters consider the developmental aspects of the discrimination process. The final chapter deals with the hypothesis analysis of matching performances. This book is intended to be suitable for psychology students who are looking for an area of research less restricted than conventional learning theory, and more significant to pressing practical problems. Child psychologists and experimentalists will also find this book useful.

  • Psychology

    Made Simple
    • 1st Edition
    • Abraham P. Sperling
    • Kenneth Martin
    • English
    Psychology: Made Simple covers the development of psychology over the years and the basic psychological knowledge. The book describes the scientific approach to the study of the human nature, the physiological aspects of psychology, perception, and the processes of learning. The text also discusses John Dewey’s analysis of reasoning; creativity, logic, critical thinking, and divergent and convergent thinking; the nature of thinking; and the relationship between thinking and language. The process of remembering; intelligence and aptitudes and tests used to measure both; the basis of individual differences; and the psychology of infancy, childhood, and adolescence are also considered. The book tackles the theories of emotions and personality development, the role of motivation in personality development; personality adjustment and maladjustment; and the neurotic and abnormal personalities. Issues in social psychology are considered as well. Students taking psychology, social sciences and education will find the book invaluable.

  • The Cry for Help and the Professional Response

    • 1st Edition
    • Jack Kahn + 1 more
    • English
    At present any one of a large number of professional services may be called upon to deal with the distress of individuals and families. They may be concerned successively or simultaneously, in co-operation with one another or in competition. In this profusion of services a large number of problems fail to receive help. This book offers a way of defining the help that the different services can give. The authors maintain that each of the professions has its distinctive approach and that each of these approaches should have its justification in theory and practice.

  • Test Design

    Developments in Psychology and Psychometrics
    • 1st Edition
    • Susan E. Embretson
    • English
    Test Design: Developments in Psychology and Psychometrics is a collection of papers that deals with the diverse developments contributing to the psychometrics of test design. Part I is a review of test design including practices being used in test development. Part II deals with design variables from a psychological theory that includes implications of verbal comprehension theories in the role of intelligence and the effects of these implications on goals, design, scoring, and validation of tests. Part III discusses the latent trait models for test design that have numerous advantages in problems involving item banking, test equating, and computerized adaptive testing. One paper explains the use of the linear exponential model for psychometric models in speed test construction. The book discusses the traditional psychometric; the Hunt, Frost, and Lunnerbog theory; and the single-latency distribution model. Part IV examines test designs from the perspective of test developments in the future integrating technology, cognitive science, and psychometric theories. Psychologists, psychometricians, educators, and researchers in the field of human development studies will value this book.

  • Aggression in Global Perspective

    Pergamon General Psychology Series
    • 1st Edition
    • Arnold P. Goldstein + 1 more
    • English
    Aggression in Global Perspective attempts to present both an elucidating and a utilitarian picture of aggression in global perspective: elucidating, in that it serves to help deepen the understanding of the meaning and nature of aggression throughout the world; utilitarian, in that its companion focus on aggression controls and alternatives in global perspective actually functions to aid the constructive, prosocial, anti-aggression efforts which do exist, or might exist, to more readily and more fully succeed. The book begins by drawing upon individual cultural perspectives on aggression, aggression control, and aggression alternatives to offer a more unified, global perspective. It compares, contrasts, distills differences and similarities, and suggests specific directions for future research and applied efforts at better understanding of aggression. The chapters which follow describe contemporary manifestations of aggression in a large number of nations representing almost the entire world. These descriptions are placed in a cultural context, providing an understanding of why, for the given country or region, aggression currently assumes particular forms, rates, and intensities. Such contextual information is also utilized in most of the ensuing chapters to aid in understanding how aggression ""fits in"" or is conceptualized in each nation's stream of daily living.

  • Progress in Behavior Modification

    Volume 2
    • 1st Edition
    • Michel Hersen + 2 more
    • English
    Progress in Behavior Modification, Volume 2 reviews issues and developments in the field of behavior modification, with emphasis on a wide spectrum of child and adult disorders. Topics covered range from behavioral assessment and treatment of alcoholism to sexual arousal in male sexual deviates, along with aversion therapy and research methods in behavior modification. Comprised of eight chapters, this volume begins with a discussion on the status and future trends in behavior assessment of alcoholism and behavior modification with alcoholics. The next chapter deals with therapy models, focusing on the domain of social learning, removal of fears, and assertive and social skill training. The discussion then turns to the measurement and generation of sexual arousal in male sexual deviates; applications of behavior modification in nursing practice; aversion therapy and its clinical effects; deceleration of aberrant behavior among retarded individuals; and research methods in behavior modification. The final chapter examines clinical issues regarding behavioral self-control. This book should be of value to theoreticians, researchers, or practitioners in the fields of psychiatry, psychology, and behavior therapy as well as social work, speech therapy, education, and rehabilitation.

  • Advances in Experimental Clinical Psychology

    Pergamon General Psychology Series
    • 1st Edition
    • Henry E. Adams + 1 more
    • English
    Advances in Experimental Clinical Psychology is a collection of articles that covers the advances in experimental clinical psychology, in terms of perspective, approach, and research methods. The first chapter of the book details the theories and research methods in dealing with psychopathic behavior. Chapter 2 covers the retarded child as a whole person. The third chapter presents studies of psychodiagnostic errors of observation as a contribution toward a nondynamic psychopathology of everyday life. In the fourth chapter, the book discusses psychological intervention in a community crisis. The last chapter of the book deals with perspective in experimental clinical psychology. The text will be of great use to practitioners and researchers of psychology and related fields, such as psychiatry and neurology.

  • The Genesis of the Classical Conditioned Response

    International Series of Monographs in Experimental Psychology
    • 1st Edition
    • Irene Martin + 1 more
    • H. J. Eysenck
    • English
    International Series of Monographs in Experimental Psychology, Volume 8: The Genesis of the Classical Conditioned Response presents an introduction to the study of conditioning and conditioned response. This book discusses the stimulus properties that are necessary to conditioning. Organized into seven chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the effects of stimuli after processing by the nervous system. This text then outlines the extensive nature of response change during conditioning and explains the modifications that occur in the unconditioned response prior to conditioning. Other chapters consider the relevance of the analysis of background activity on the conditioning process. This book discusses as well the stimulus factors that are likely to affect or determine unconditioned response elicitation, the nature of unconditioned response, and associated events such as feedback and arousal effects. The final chapter deals with the unified view of conditioning. This monograph is a valuable resource for psychologists and physiologists.

  • Principles of Training

    The Commonwealth and International Library: Psychology Division
    • 1st Edition
    • D. H. Holding
    • G. P. Meredith
    • English
    Principles of Training provides insight into the different variables presented by training tasks. It presents a wide sample of experimental data to reveal to the intending practitioner of training—whether in industry, in sport, in the defense services or other fields—that awareness of experimental findings must be paralleled by competence in analyzing tasks in order to determine how and where any particular principles may reasonably be applied. The book begins with an introductory chapter on the evaluation of training, experiments on training, limitations of training, and training problems. This is followed by separate chapters that discuss how trainers can influence the course of learning by manipulating knowledge of results; methods for minimizing errors in early learning; visual training methods; the use of words and actions in training; and the importance of practice in learning. Subsequent chapters cover the transfer of training; automatic teaching, or ""programmed instruction""; and recommendations for trainers.

  • Lexical Ambiguity Resolution

    Perspective from Psycholinguistics, Neuropsychology and Artificial Intelligence
    • 1st Edition
    • Steven L. Small + 2 more
    • English
    The most frequently used words in English are highly ambiguous; for example, Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary lists 94 meanings for the word "run" as a verb alone. Yet people rarely notice this ambiguity. Solving this puzzle has commanded the efforts of cognitive scientists for many years. The solution most often identified is "context": we use the context of utterance to determine the proper meanings of words and sentences. The problem then becomes specifying the nature of context and how it interacts with the rest of an understanding system. The difficulty becomes especially apparent in the attempt to write a computer program to understand natural language. Lexical ambiguity resolution (LAR), then, is one of the central problems in natural language and computational semantics research.A collection of the best research on LAR available, this volume offers eighteen original papers by leading scientists. Part I, Computer Models, describes nine attempts to discover the processes necessary for disambiguation by implementing programs to do the job. Part II, Empirical Studies, goes into the laboratory setting to examine the nature of the human disambiguation mechanism and the structure of ambiguity itself.A primary goal of this volume is to propose a cognitive science perspective arising out of the conjunction of work and approaches from neuropsychology, psycholinguistics, and artificial intelligence--thereb... encouraging a closer cooperation and collaboration among these fields.Lexical Ambiguity Resolution is a valuable and accessible source book for students and cognitive scientists in AI, psycholinguistics, neuropsychology, or theoretical linguistics.

  • The Psychopathology of Crime

    Criminal Behavior as a Clinical Disorder
    • 1st Edition
    • Adrian Raine
    • English
    This book takes an uncompromising look at how we define psychopathology and makes the argument that criminal behavior can and perhaps should be considered a disorder. Presenting sociological, genetic, neurochemical, brain-imaging, and psychophysiological evidence, it discusses the basis for criminal behavior and suggests, contrary to popular belief, that such behavior may be more biologically determined than previously thought.

  • Treatment Planning for Person-Centered Care

    Shared Decision Making for Whole Health
    • 2nd Edition
    • Neal Adams + 1 more
    • English
    Treatment Planning for Person-Centered Care, second edition, guides therapists in how to engage clients in building and enacting collaborative treatment plans that result in better outcomes. Suitable as a reference tool and a text for training programs, the book provides practical guidance on how to organize and conduct the recovery plan meeting, prepare and engage individuals in the treatment planning process, help with goal setting, use the plan in daily practice, and evaluate and improve the results. Case examples throughout help clarify information applied in practice, and sample documents illustrate assessment, objective planning, and program evaluation.

  • Clinical Neurotherapy

    Application of Techniques for Treatment
    • 1st Edition
    • David S. Cantor + 1 more
    • English
    Neurotherapy, sometimes called EEG biofeedback and/or neurobiofeedback involves techniques designed to manipulate brain waves through non-invasive means and are used as treatment for a variety of psychological and medical disorders. The disorders covered include ADHD, mood regulation, addiction, pain, sleep disorders, and traumatic brain injury. This book introduces specific techniques, related equipment and necessary training for the clinical practitioner. Sections focus on treatment for specific disorders and which individual techniques can be used to treat the same disorder and examples of application and the evidence base for use are described.

  • Life-Span Developmental Psychology

    Intervention
    • 1st Edition
    • Ralph R. Turner + 1 more
    • English
    Life-Span Developmental Psychology: Intervention presents the theoretical and methodological aspects of intervention as viewed from the life-span developmental psychology perspective. The compendium deals with three broad themes in developmental psychology: theoretical and political issues in intervention; environmental and biophysical intervention; and educational and developmental intervention. The selected papers discuss topics on the models, goals, ethics, and methods of intervention; impacts of the planned environment on the elderly on a societal and personal level; and the effects of intervention on early child development. Sociologists, psychologists, planners, researchers, and gerontologists will find the book insightful.

  • Neurobehavioral Methods and Effects in Occupational and Environmental Health

    • 1st Edition
    • Shunichi Araki
    • English
    Neurobehavioral Methods and Effects in Occupational and Environmental Health documents the proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium in Environmental Research held in Tokyo in 1991. This book focuses on the development and application of neuropsychobehaviora... methods in occupational and environmental health and advances in the knowledge of the effects on the nervous system and human behavior of occupational and environmental factors. This compilation provides forceful evidence of different manifestations of neurotoxicity and their etiologies. Neurotoxicity is a major adverse effect of chemical exposure and is particularly serious in developing countries. This publication is a good reference for students and practitioners of disciplines such as behavioral science, psychosomatic and occupational medicine, nutrition and food science, public health, and hygiene and preventive medicine.

  • Hypnoanalysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Lewis R. Wolberg
    • English
    Hypnoanalysis presents a critical review of a report on hypnoanalysis. The book discusses the advantages of this method; the the definite change in the functional organization of the patient; and the specific schizophrenic personality. Some of the topics covered in the text are the description of a hypnoanalysis case; the demonstration of the use of hypnosis in the treatment of a patient; and the developments in the application of the treatment. The narration of the patient’s journal; the daily experiences of the patient as the treatment is continuing; and the dynamic interpretation of the experiment are also presented. The book further tackles the characteristics of the subject patient; the description of the emotions and behaviors of the patient; and the theory and practice of hypnoanalysis. A study of hypnoanalytic procedures is also presented. A chapter is devoted to the use of free association, dream induction, automatic writing, hypnotic drawing, crystal, and mirror gazing as a tool in treating the patient. The book can provide useful information to psychoanalysts, doctors, students, and researchers.

  • Test Booklet for Essentials of Psychology

    Houston/Bee/Hatfield/Rimm
    • 1st Edition
    • Victor Benassi + 1 more
    • English
    Test Booklet for Essentials of Psychology contains approximately 1500 multiple-choice questions that test mastery of the concepts and information presented in the 14 chapters and statistics appendix of Essentials of Psychology. The topics covered in these chapters include the following: the definition of psychology; the psychological basis of behavior; sensation and perception; learning, memory, and cognition; motivation and emotion; development over the life span; personality theory; and abnormal psychology. In each chapter, questions are arranged in the order in which the concepts are presented. The correct answer to each question is indicated by an asterisk. A text-page reference enables instructors to cross-check from the text and to prepare tests and examinations on material that students have read.

  • Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions

    Theory, Research, and Procedures
    • 1st Edition
    • Philip C. Kendall + 1 more
    • English
    Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions: Theory, Research, and Procedures surveys a variety of areas to which cognitive-behavioral strategies have been applied. The various contributors represent some of the major innovators in the field. Each has developed and systematically evaluated programs which apply sound empirically based procedures to cognitive and behavioral phenomena. The opening chapter traces the short developmental history and describes the current professional environment of the cognitive-behavioral movement. The chapters that follow represent major contributions by the leading investigators across a number of areas of intervention. Each chapter describes a summary of research in the respective area, a description of the actual intervention procedures with supporting empirical data, and a consideration of the theoretical foundations and potential implications associated with the intervention. The chapter contents vary across three dimensions. First, the interventions range from those that focus on the acquisition of new capacities to those that deal with the control and modification of existing processes. Second, several chapters focus on adult populations, several on child populations, and some on both. Finally, whereas a number of the chapters deal with problems that have been areas of traditional clinical concern, several others explore new and interesting applications for cognitive-behavioral interventions.

  • Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimic Disorders

    Current Perspectives
    • 1st Edition
    • G.I. Szmukler + 2 more
    • English
    Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimic Disorders: Current Perspectives covers the proceedings of Conference on Anorexia Nervosa and Related Disorders. The book presents 60 papers that cover various aspects that are essential in understanding the nature of eating disorders. The materials in the text are organized thematically into sections. The book first covers the historical aspects, and then proceeds to tackling the classification of eating disorders. The succeeding sections detail the different aspects of eating disorders, such as epidemiological, biological, familial, psychological, and clinical. The selection also discusses the treatment, outcome, and prognosis of eating disorders. The book will be of great use to students, researchers, and practitioners of health related disciplines.

  • Studies in the Psychology of Sex

    Volume 1
    • 1st Edition
    • Havelock Ellis
    • English
    Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume I presents studies that explore the psychology of sex by addressing topics ranging from the evolution of modesty to the phenomenon of sexual periodicity, auto-erotism, and sexual impulse. The relationship between love and pain, sexual impulse in women, and sexual selection are also discussed, along with sexual inversion. Divided into four parts, this volume first deals with the evolution of modesty and variations in modesty among different peoples and in different ages. The reader is then introduced to the phenomenon of sexual periodicity, with emphasis on menstruation and its relation to ovulation; the various physiological and psychological rhythms; and the predominance of sexual excitement at and around the menstrual period. Subsequent chapters focus on auto-erotism and spontaneous manifestations of the sexual impulse; the link between love and pain; sexual impulse in women; and sexual selection. The book also analyzes the theory and nature of sexual inversion before concluding with an overview of relevant subjects such as homosexuality, castration, psychoanalysis, and marriage. This monograph will be of interest to physicians, psychologists, psychiatrists, criminologists, and educators.

  • A History of Modern Psychology

    • 3rd Edition
    • Duane Schultz
    • English
    A History of Modern Psychology, 3rd Edition discusses the development and decline of schools of thought in modern psychology. The book presents the continuing refinement of the tools, techniques, and methods of psychology in order to achieve increased precision and objectivity. Chapters focus on relevant topics such as the role of history in understanding the diversity and divisiveness of contemporary psychology; the impact of physics on the cognitive revolution and humanistic psychology; the influence of mechanism on Descartes's thinking; and the evolution of the third force, humanistic psychology. Undergraduate students of psychology and related fields will find the book invaluable in their pursuit of knowledge.

  • Limits to Action

    The Allocation of Individual Behavior
    • 1st Edition
    • J. E. R. Staddon
    • English
    Limits to Action: The Allocation of Individual Behavior presents the ideas and methods in the study of how individual organisms allocate their limited time and energy and the consequences of such allocation. The book is a survey of individual resource allocation, emphasizing the relationships of the concepts of utility, reinforcement, and Darwinian fitness. The chapters are arranged beginning with plants and general evolutionary considerations, through animal behavior in nature and laboratory, and ending with human behavior in suburb and institution. Topics discussed include operant conditioning; the principle of diminishing returns; and issues in relation to mating strategies. Biologists, sociologists, economists, and psychologists will find the book interesting.

  • Perspectives in Abnormal Behavior

    Pergamon General Psychology Series
    • 1st Edition
    • Richard J. Morris
    • English
    Perspectives in Abnormal Behavior is a compilation of articles in the field of abnormal psychology. An article titled the Myth of Mental Illness discusses the different signs in determining a brain disease. The second article is about the diagnoses of schizophrenia. A section of the article talks about the misconception the public have about the disease and the symptoms associated with schizophrenia. Another part of the second article defines behaviors that are perceived as deviant. The third article in the book is addressed to the reliability of psychiatric diagnoses and covers the advantages and disadvantages of these diagnoses. The subsequent article rejects the method of psychiatric diagnoses and emphasizes the importance of using behavioral analysis in treating patients. The said article enumerates the problems in the diagnostic systems. Topic such as the methods of data collection for a functional analysis is also discussed. The book will be a useful tool for psychologists and academic students.

  • Studies in the Psychology of Sex

    Volume 2
    • 1st Edition
    • Havelock Ellis
    • English
    Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume II presents studies that explore the psychology of sex by addressing topics ranging from erotic symbolism and the mechanism of detumescence to the psychic state in pregnancy. Eonism and sex in relation to society are also discussed. Divided into three parts, this volume first deals with erotic symbolism, focusing on erotic fetishism such as foot-fetishism and shoe-fetishism, and scatalogic symbolism. The reader is then introduced to the mechanism and object of detumescence; the constituents of semen; and the aptitude for detumescence. Erogenous zones and erection and mucous emission in women are also considered. The final section is devoted to the psychic state in pregnancy and pays particular attention to the relationship of maternal and sexual emotion; conception and loss of virginity; the pervading effects of pregnancy; the longings of pregnant women; and the significance of pregnancy. This book will be of interest to physicians, psychologists, psychiatrists, criminologists, and educators.

  • Psychological Reactance

    A Theory of Freedom and Control
    • 1st Edition
    • Sharon S. Brehm + 1 more
    • English
    Psychological Reactance: A Theory of Freedom and Control provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of reactance theory. This book discusses a number of special topic areas to which the reactance theory seems especially relevant. Organized into five parts encompassing 17 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the relationship between freedom and perceived freedom as conceived by reactance theory. This text then describes the clinical applications, societal problem solutions, and power relations in the real world. Other chapters consider the developmental aspects of reactance. This book discusses as well the reactance theory in a wider theoretical context by examining impression management formulations of the theory and by comparing reactance to other theoretical models whereby the notion of control plays a major role. The final chapter deals with the role of cognitive processes in association with reactance in attitude change phenomena. This book is a valuable resource for social psychologists.

  • Depression and Suicide

    Aspects Medicaux, Psychologiques et Socio-Culturels
    • 1st Edition
    • J.P. Soubrier + 1 more
    • English
    Depression and Suicide: Aspects, Medicaux, Psychologiques, ET Socio-Culturels covers the proceedings of the 11th Congress of the International Association for Suicide Prevention, held in Paris, France on July 1981. This book is organized into four parts encompassing 132 chapters. Part I deals with the epidemiological studies and transcultural aspect of depression and suicide. This part discusses the influence of sociocultural and environmental factors in depressive and suicidal behavior. Parts II and III explore the theories and clinical approaches in depression and suicide, especially among young people. These parts consider the biological and medical aspects, hospital settings, and survivors of depression and suicide. Part IV emphasizes the therapeutics, crisis interventions, and paraclinical investigations of these neurological problems. This book will be of value to physicians, psychologists, psychiatrists, and researchers.

  • Foundations of Developmental Psychology

    • 1st Edition
    • Richard C. LaBarba
    • English
    Foundations of Developmental Psychology is designed for the student seeking a comprehensive introduction to developmental psychology as a developmental science. The intent is to introduce the field in a manner comparable to the introductory courses that college students take in biology, chemistry, or physics. The emphasis is on the empirical and theoretical foundations of fundamental human development. The book attempts to trace the origins and processes of various developmental events. Developmental phenomena are presented by topics rather than by chronological, age-related patterns of development. This arrangement of the subject matter provides for more efficient study, integration, and synthesis of the material, along with a more organized view of development. Key topics discussed include the genetic foundations of development; prenatal factors in development; the biological notion of maturation and its significance for development; motor and perceptual development; and cognitive, intellectual, language, emotional, personality, and social development. Although this text is written for undergraduate students in psychology, it can be understood by students in any discipline who have a grasp of introductory psychology and biology.

  • Cooperation and Helping Behavior

    Theories and Research
    • 1st Edition
    • Valerian J. Derlega + 1 more
    • English
    Cooperation and Helping Behavior: Theories and Research deals with theory and research with respect to positive forms of social behavior, with emphasis on cooperation and helping behavior. Topics covered include social values and rules of fairness; cognitive processes underlying cooperation; the effects of intergroup competition and cooperation on intragroup and intergroup relationships; and altruism and the problem of collective action. Comprised of 18 chapters, this book begins with an overview of theories and research on cooperation and helping behavior, followed by a discussion on the problem of interdependence within the context of interpersonal relations. Subsequent chapters deal with cognitive processes affecting cooperation; motivational and cognitive antecedents of cooperation; the effects of intergroup competition and cooperation on intragroup and intergroup relationships; and opportunities for gaining satisfactory solutions to conflict through negotiation. Social trap analogs of social dilemmas such as the energy crisis and overpopulation are also examined, together with altruism and the problem of collective action; justice-motive theory; arousal and cost-reward theory of bystander intervention; and the psychological aspects of receiving help. The final chapter considers types of psychological mechanisms underlying prosocial behavior and its development. This monograph will be of value to students and researchers in the field of psychology.

  • Assessment Strategies for Cognitive–Behavioral Interventions

    • 1st Edition
    • Philip C. Kendall + 1 more
    • English
    Assessment Strategies for Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions is a collection of original contributions provided by leaders in the field who consider the theoretical and applied assessment issues related to the expanding field of cognitive-behavioral interventions. Chapters in the present volume, designed as a companion volume to an earlier text, Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions: Theory, Research, and Procedures, focus on the issues inherent in the measurement of cognitive and behavioral events and processes. The book opens with an overview of recent growth in the field. Attention is devoted to examining several goals of the new assessment endeavors, some suggestions related to the proposed methods, and certain problems inherent in cognitive-behavioral assessments. Separate chapters follow that deal directly with a variety of specific content areas. These include a conceptualization of attributions, as well as describing their measurement and speculating as to their role in both the etiology and treatment of psychological disturbance; and suggestions for assessment in clinical interviews and for using psychometric instruments and discusses belief systems and irrationality. Subsequent chapters focus on special populations and procedures.

  • Simultaneous and Successive Cognitive Processes

    • 1st Edition
    • J.P. Das + 2 more
    • Allen J. Edwards
    • English
    Simultaneous and Successive Cognitive Processes presents some innovative ideas for defining simultaneous and successive cognitive processes by choosing certain tasks that would elicit the use of coding and planning. Factor analysis is used to assess the organization of cognitive functions in terms of coding and planning. The book demonstrates how to isolate coding and planning processes by using a battery of tasks, and extends the approach to complex cognitive areas such as reading, word association, and sentence comprehension. Comprised of 11 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the evolution of the concept of intelligence and some notable workers in the field, including Cyril Burt, Raymond B. Cattell, Jean Piaget, and Jerome Kagan. The discussion then turns to learning theory and cognitive development as the basis for understanding intelligence. Subsequent chapters focus on intellectual functions in terms of the workings of the brain; simultaneous and successive cognitive processing in children; the relationship of simultaneous and successive coding to school achievement; and simultaneous and successive cognitive processing in children with mental retardation and learning disability. The results of cross-cultural studies on cognitive processes are also discussed, together with the link between language functions and cognitive processing. This monograph will be of interest to teachers, school administrators, and educational psychologists.

  • Social Psychology

    • 1st Edition
    • Jeffrey H Goldstein
    • English
    Social Psychology: Philosophical and Theoretical Issues deals with the development of ideas, and how these ideas can qualify other findings. The book reviews the philosophical and theoretical issues involved in social psychology such as its goals and its scientific relevance. The text also examines the knowledge of psychology today, especially the content validity as many errors have influenced the historical development of the science. The book then discusses the testing approach to theories through testing hypotheses, manipulating then measuring variables, experimental studies, quasi-experiments, and research on research. The text also explains attitude change, propaganda, and communication, including the cognitive consistency theory or the behaviorist/learning theory, as well as variations of these two theories. The book also addresses the levels of different attractions involving those of strangers, friends, and brief acquaintances. The author cites evidence that attraction between people is heightened when they have the same personality, beliefs, and even some physical characteristics. The text can prove informative for psychiatrists, psychologists, behavioral scientists, and students and professors in psychology, as well as general readers interested in human interaction.

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