The Discrimination Process and Development
International Series of Monographs in Experimental Psychology
- 1st Edition - January 2, 2014
- Latest edition
- Author: Brian J. Fellows
- Language: English
The Discrimination Process and Development, Volume 5 covers the fields of behavioral theory and experimental child psychology. This book aims to develop the theory of the… Read more
The Discrimination Process and Development, Volume 5 covers the fields of behavioral theory and experimental child psychology. This book aims to develop the theory of the discrimination process and relate this theory to certain features of the perceptual and cognitive development of the child. Organized into 21 chapters, this volume starts with a discussion of discrimination process whereby an organism responds to differences between stimuli. This text then discusses the classical discrimination experiment whereby it employs two discriminative stimuli, one of which is positive and the other negative. Other chapters consider the developmental aspects of the discrimination process. The final chapter deals with the hypothesis analysis of matching performances. This book is intended to be suitable for psychology students who are looking for an area of research less restricted than conventional learning theory, and more significant to pressing practical problems. Child psychologists and experimentalists will also find this book useful.
Preface
Chapter 1. Introduction
The Discrimination Process
The Process of Perception
Judgment and Response
Discrimination Learning
Discrimination and Development
Chapter 2. Classical Theories of Discrimination Learning
Pre-Solution Behavior
Non-Continuity Theory
Continuity Theory
Issue of Perceptual Selectivity
Spence and Receptor Orienting Acts
Conclusion
Chapter 3. Orienting Activity in Discrimination in Animals
WyckofTs Observing Response
Goodwin-Lawrence Dimension Orienting Response
Pre-And post-Reception Responses
Vicarious Trial and Error
Chapter 4. OrientingR and Attention in Children
Kurtz's Observing Response
Zeaman-House Attention Deficiency Theory
Attention-Controlling Techniques
Chapter 5. Attention, Strategies and Age
Eye Movements During Discrimination Learning
White's Account of Discrimination Learning
Position Habits
Hierarchy Theory of Sense Modalities
Control of Position Habits and Age
Age Shifts and the Regression Hypothesis
Hypothesis Regression During Matching-To-Sample
Chapter 6. Orienting and Planning
The Orientation Reaction
Zaporozhets and Orienting Behavior in Children
How Orienting Behavior Facilitates Discrimination
Nature of Voluntary Behavior
Plans and Images in Behavior
Chapter 7. S-R Spatial Contiguity and Orienting
S-R Spatial Discontiguity Effect
Double Responding on Discontiguous Tasks
Polidora-Fletcher Three-Stage Model of Discrimination Learning
Chapter 8. Switching-In Stimulus Analyzers and Coding Responses
Sutherland-Mackintosh Two-Stage Theory of Discrimination Learning
Issue of Perceptual Learning
Lawrence's Coding Response Hypothesis
Chapter 9. Discrimination Training and the Acquired Distinctiveness of Cues Hypothesis
Training a difficult discrimination
Transfer of a Discrimination Along a Continuum
Stimulus Predifferentiation
Acquired Distinctiveness of Cues Hypothesis
Chapter 10. Programming a Discrimination
Response Programming by Shaping
Stimulus Programming by Fading
Hively's Stimulus Programming in a Matching Task
Role of Errors in Learning
Chapter 11. Mediational Processes and Language
Development of Language as a Mediator
Verbal Control of Child Behavior
A Program for the Verbal Control of Matching Behavior
Conclusion
Chapter 12. Kendler's Model of Discrimination Performance
The Task
Kendler's Symbolic Response
The Findings
Interaction of Behavior Chains
Chapter 13. The Matching-to-Sample Task
Advantages of Matching for Analysis
Lashley's Work on Matching in Rats
The Orienting Response in Matching
Oddity Responding
Chapter 14. A Model of Matching and Discrimination Performance
Assumptions
Model of Main Sequence of Events in Matching
Model of Events Leading to the Orienting Responses
Temporal Relationships of the Events in Matching
A model of Approach-Avoidance Discrimination Performance
1. Successive Discrimination Performance
2. Simultaneous Discrimination Performance
Differential Control Over Postulated Operations in Matching Model
Chapter 15. The Perceptual Process
Definition of Orientation
Chapter 16. Perception of Orientation by Children
Errors of Reversal in Reading
Testing a Child's Perceptual Capacity
Matching Reversible Letters
Effect of Instruction on Reversible Letter Discrimination
Discrimination of other Reversible Figures
Mirror-Writing
Recognition of Inverted Pictures and Figures
Chapter 17. Learning and the Perception of Orientation
Environmental Learning
Distinctive Features Theory
Heuristic Skills
Kinesthetic Tracing Technique
Experimental Studies of Orientation Learning
1. Newson's Directional Training
2. Jeffrey's Perceptual Response
The perceptual Response in Matching
3. Bijou's Stimulus Training Program
Chapter 18. Laterality and the Perception of Orientation
Mach's Theory of Cerebral Symmetry
Orton's Theory of Strephosymbolia
Evaluation of Orton's Theory
Chapter 19. Orientation Discrimination in Animals
Early Work
Sutherland's Stimulus Analyzing Mechanism
Retinal Receptive Fields of Striate Cells
Implications for Orientation Discrimination in Children
Chapter 20. Perceptual Activity in Discrimination Behavior
Head Movement
Hebb's Scanning Theory
Ghent's Scanning Theory
Piaget's Theory of Internalization of Perceptual Activity
Russian Work on Perceptual Activity
Chapter 21. Summary
Appendix. The Method of Hypothesis Analysis
"Hypotheses" in Discrimination Performance
Hypothesis Analysis
Hypothesis Analysis of Matching
1. Hypothesis Preference
H2. Hypothesis Habit
References
Author Index
Subject Index
- Edition: 1
- Latest edition
- Published: January 2, 2014
- Language: English
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