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Elsevier

Books in Physics

Physics titles offer comprehensive research and advancements across the fundamental and applied areas of physical science. From quantum mechanics and particle physics to astrophysics and materials science, these titles drive innovation and deepen understanding of the principles governing the universe. Essential for researchers, educators, and students, this collection supports scientific progress and practical applications across a diverse range of physics disciplines.

  • Fluid Mechanics

    • 1st Edition
    • Pijush K. Kundu
    • English
    Written in a clear and simple style, this textbook on fluid mechanics gives equal emphasis to both geophysical and engineering fluid mechanics. For physicists, it contains chapters on geophysical fluid mechanics and gravity waves; for engineers, it has chapters on aerodynamics and compressible flow. Of common interest are chapters on governing equations, laminar flows, boundary layers, instability, and turbulence. This book also presents topics of recent interest, such as deterministic chaos, and double-diffusive instability.

  • Nanotechnology in Eco-Efficient Construction

    Materials, Processes and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Fernando Pacheco-Torgal + 3 more
    • English
    As the environmental impact of existing construction and building materials comes under increasing scrutiny, the search for more eco-efficient solutions has intensified. Nanotechnology offers great potential in this area and is already being widely used to great success. Nanotechnology in eco-efficient construction is an authoritative guide to the role of nanotechnology in the development of eco-efficient construction materials and sustainable construction.Followi... an introduction to the use of nanotechnology in eco-efficient construction materials, part one considers such infrastructural applications as nanoengineered cement-based materials, nanoparticles for high-performance and self-sensing concrete, and the use of nanotechnology to improve the bulk and surface properties of steel for structural applications. Nanoclay-modified asphalt mixtures and safety issues relating to nanomaterials for construction applications are also reviewed before part two goes on to discuss applications for building energy efficiency. Topics explored include thin films and nanostructured coatings, switchable glazing technology and third generation photovoltaic (PV) cells, high-performance thermal insulation materials, and silica nanogel for energy-efficient windows. Finally, photocatalytic applications are the focus of part three, which investigates nanoparticles for pollution control, self-cleaning and photosterilisation, and the role of nanotechnology in manufacturing paints and purifying water for eco-efficient buildings.Nanotechno... in eco-efficient construction is a technical guide for all those involved in the design, production and application of eco-efficient construction materials, including civil engineers, materials scientists, researchers and architects within any field of nanotechnology, eco-efficient materials or the construction industry.

  • Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour of Metallic Materials

    • 1st Edition
    • G. Caglioti + 1 more
    • English

  • Plasma Engineering

    Applications from Aerospace to Bio and Nanotechnology
    • 1st Edition
    • Michael Keidar + 1 more
    • English
    Plasma Engineering is the first textbook that addresses plasma engineering in the aerospace, nanotechnology, and bioengineering fields from a unified standpoint. It covers the fundamentals of plasma physics at a level suitable for an upper level undergraduate or graduate student, and applies the unique properties of plasmas (ionized gases) to improve processes and performance over a wide variety of areas such as materials processing, spacecraft propulsion, and nanofabrication. The book starts by reviewing plasma particle collisions, waves, and instabilities, and proceeds to diagnostic tools, such as planar, spherical, and emissive probes, and the electrostatic analyzer, interferometric technique, and plasma spectroscopy. The physics of different types of electrical discharges are considered, including the classical Townsend mechanism of gas electrical breakdown and the Paschen law. Basic approaches and theoretical methodologies for plasma modeling are described, based on the fluid description of plasma solving numerically magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations and the kinetic model particle techniques that take into account kinetic interactions among particles and electromagnetic fields. Readers are then introduced to the widest variety of applications in any text on the market, including space propulsion applications and application of low-temperature plasmas in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The latest original results on cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) applications in medicine are presented. The book includes a large number of worked examples, end of chapter exercises, and historical perspectives. There is also an accompanying plasma simulation software covering the Particle in Cell (PIC) approach, available at http://www.particlei... This book is appropriate for grad level courses in Plasma Engineering/Plasma Physics in departments of Aerospace Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Physics. It will also be useful as an introduction to plasma engineering and its applications for early career researchers and practicing engineers.

  • Characterization of Semiconductor Heterostructures and Nanostructures

    • 2nd Edition
    • Giovanni Agostini + 1 more
    • English
    Characterization of Semiconductor Heterostructures and Nanostructures” is structured so that each chapter is devoted to a specific characterization technique used in the understanding of the properties (structural, physical, chemical, electrical etc..) of semiconductor quantum wells and superlattices. An additional chapter is devoted to ab initio modeling. The book has two basic aims. The first is educational, providing the basic concepts of each of the selected techniques with an approach understandable by advanced students in Physics, Chemistry, Material Science, Engineering, Nanotechnology. The second aim is to provide a selected set of examples from the recent literature of the TOP results obtained with the specific technique in understanding the properties of semiconductor heterostructures and nanostructures. Each chapter has this double structure: the first part devoted to explain the basic concepts, and the second to the discussion of the most peculiar and innovative examples. The topic of quantum wells, wires and dots should be seen as a pretext of applying top level characterization techniques in understanding the structural, electronic etc properties of matter at the nanometer (and even sub-nanometer) scale. In this respect it is an essential reference in the much broader, and extremely hot, field of Nanotechnology.

  • Fun in Fusion Research

    • 1st Edition
    • John Sheffield
    • English
    This book discusses the fun side of the quest to develop fusion energy—a modern equivalent of the hunt for the Holy Grail. After more than 70 years of research, despite great progress, the goal has not been realized. Do you have to be crazy to love quests like this? Not really, but you do have to have an unshakeable optimism. Through humorous anecdotes, and accessible yet detailed scientific discussion, this book illuminates the enjoyment of scientific research through an account of fifty years working on fusion energy development. The anecdotes bring out the human side of research, in which innovative and sometimes egocentric scientists create both clever and nutty experiments. Among the many stories within are witchcraft at Harwell, shocking experiences, entertaining talks, and the wit of top scientists such as Marshall Rosenbluth. Above all the book highlights the significant advances made in developing practical fusion energy and the promise for an exciting future with the National Ignition Facility and International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor. This book will be of interest to physicists as well as other students and researchers in the scientific and wider communities.

  • Neutron and X-ray Optics

    • 1st Edition
    • Jay Theodore Cremer Jr.
    • English
    Covering a wide range of topics related to neutron and x-ray optics, this book explores the aspects of neutron and x-ray optics and their associated background and applications in a manner accessible to both lower-level students while retaining the detail necessary to advanced students and researchers. It is a self-contained book with detailed mathematical derivations, background, and physical concepts presented in a linear fashion. A wide variety of sources were consulted and condensed to provide detailed derivations and coverage of the topics of neutron and x-ray optics as well as the background material needed to understand the physical and mathematical reasoning directly related or indirectly related to the theory and practice of neutron and x-ray optics. The book is written in a clear and detailed manner, making it easy to follow for a range of readers from undergraduate and graduate science, engineering, and medicine. It will prove beneficial as a standalone reference or as a complement to textbooks.

  • Space Groups for Solid State Scientists

    • 3rd Edition
    • Michael Glazer + 1 more
    • English
    This comprehensively revised – essentially rewritten – new edition of the 1990 edition (described as "extremely useful" by MATHEMATICAL REVIEWS and as "understandable and comprehensive" by Scitech) guides readers through the dense array of mathematical information in the International Tables Volume A. Thus, most scientists seeking to understand a crystal structure publication can do this from this book without necessarily having to consult the International Tables themselves. This remains the only book aimed at non-crystallographer... devoted to teaching them about crystallographic space groups.

  • Theory of Heavy Ion Collision Physics in Hadron Therapy

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 65
    • English
    Advances in Quantum Chemistry presents surveys of current topics in this rapidly developing field that has emerged at the cross section of the historically established areas of mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology. It features detailed reviews written by leading international researchers. This volume focuses on the theory of heavy ion physics in medicine.

  • Solid State Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 63
    • English
    Solid state physics is the branch of physics primarily devoted to the study of matter in its solid phase, especially at the atomic level. This prestigious serial presents timely and state-of-the-art reviews pertaining to all aspects of solid state physics.

  • Physics in Biology and Medicine

    • 4th Edition
    • Paul Davidovits
    • English
    Physics in Biology and Medicine, Fourth Edition, covers topics in physics as they apply to the life sciences, specifically medicine, physiology, nursing and other applied health fields. This is a concise introductory paperback that provides practical techniques for applying knowledge of physics to the study of living systems and presents material in a straightforward manner requiring very little background in physics or biology. Applicable courses are Biophysics and Applied Physics. This new edition discusses biological systems that can be analyzed quantitatively, and how advances in the life sciences have been aided by the knowledge of physical or engineering analysis techniques. The volume is organized into 18 chapters encompassing thermodynamics, electricity, optics, sound, solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, and atomic and nuclear physics. Each chapter provides a brief review of the background physics before focusing on the applications of physics to biology and medicine. Topics range from the role of diffusion in the functioning of cells to the effect of surface tension on the growth of plants in soil and the conduction of impulses along the nervous system. Each section contains problems that explore and expand some of the concepts. The text includes many figures, examples and illustrative problems and appendices which provide convenient access to the most important concepts of mechanics, electricity, and optics in the body. Physics in Biology and Medicine will be a valuable resource for students and professors of physics, biology, and medicine, as well as for applied health workers.

  • Optical Characterization of Semiconductors

    Infrared, Raman, and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 14
    • Sidney Perkowitz
    • English
    This is the first book to explain, illustrate, and compare the most widely used methods in optics: photoluminescence, infrared spectroscopy, and Raman scattering. Written with non-experts in mind, the book develops the background needed to understand the why and how of each technique, but does not require special knowledge of semiconductors or optics. Each method is illustrated with numerous case studies. Practical information drawn from the authors experience is given to help establish optical facilities, including commercial sources for equipment, and experimental details. For industrial scientists with specific problems in semiconducting materials; for academic scientists who wish to apply their spectroscopic methods to characterization problems; and for students in solid state physics, materials science and engineering, and semiconductor electronics and photonics, this book provides a unique overview, bringing together these valuable techniques in a coherent wayfor the first time.

  • Hypersonic Flow Theory

    • 1st Edition
    • Wallace Hayes
    • English
    Hypersonic Flow Theory presents the fundamentals of fluid mechanics, focusing on the hypersonic flow theory and approaches in theoretical aerodynamics. This book discusses the assumptions underlying hypersonic flow theory, unified supersonic-hypersoni... similitude, two-dimensional and axisymmetric bodies, and circular cylinder. The constant-streamtube-... approximation, streamtube-continuit... methods, and tangent-wedge and tangent-cone are also deliberated. This text likewise covers the similar laminar boundary layer solutions, bluntness induced interactions on slender bodies, and free molecule transfer theory. The dynamics of hypersonic flight or hypersonic wing theory, magnetohydrodynamic theory, or any developments involving treatment of the Boltzmann equation are not included. This publication is intended for hypersonic aerodynamicists, students, and researchers conducting work on the hypersonic flow phenomena.

  • High Field Magnetism

    • 1st Edition
    • M. Date
    • English
    High Field Magnetism presents the proceedings of the International Symposium on High Field Magnetism held at the Osaka University and Hotel Plaza in Osaka on September 13-14, 1982 as a satellite symposium of the International Conference on Magnetism-1982-Kyoto... The symposium tackled a wide variety of high field generation methods and material systems, with magnetism orientation as the main objective. A special Technical Exposition was held in the poster session where representatives from MIT, Grenoble, and other high field facilities were invited to give a descriptive review of each laboratory. This book is divided into eight parts, beginning with an introductory chapter into the subject of high field magnetism. The succeeding parts focus on magnetic interactions and phase transitions in high magnetic fields; metals and alloys in high magnetic fields; high field superconductivity; spin and charge fluctuations in high magnetic fields; high field magneto-optics; high field magnetic resonance; and high magnetic field facilities and techniques. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the fields of cryogenic engineering and applied physics.

  • Quantum Theory and Gravitation

    • 1st Edition
    • A Marlow
    • English
    Quantum Theory and Gravitation provides information pertinent to quantum theory and general relativity. This book defines the problem areas and presents specific solutions to problems in relativity or quantum theory. Organized into 17 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the concept of pregeometry wherein the geometry of space and space time are based. This text then explores the restriction to real amplitude in photon polarization experiment, which appears in the fact that the elliptical polarizations are not included as possibilities. Other chapters consider the primary role that space-time models play in the expression of physical theories. This book discusses as well the basic structure of an axiomatic model for a fully relativistic quantum theory, which consists of four axioms imposed on an operational quantum logical universe of discourse. The final chapter describes the relationships between certain areas of mathematics and the developments in theoretical physics. Physicists, mathematicians, and researchers will find this book useful.

  • Medium-Energy Ion Reflection from Solids

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 11
    • E.S. Mashkova + 1 more
    • English
    ``Medium-Energy Ion Reflection from Solids'' analyses the results of experimental, theoretical and computer investigations on the process of scattering of ions by solid surfaces. Surface scattering is a relatively young and rapidly developing branch of the physics of atomic collisions and the literature on this subject has rapidly grown.As the first monograph devoted specifically to surface scattering of ions, this book is directed at scientists involved in ion-solid interaction studies.

  • Thin Film Processes

    • 1st Edition
    • John L. Vossen
    • English
    Remarkable advances have been made in recent years in the science and technology of thin film processes for deposition and etching. It is the purpose of this book to bring together tutorial reviews of selected filmdeposition and etching processes from a process viewpoint. Emphasis is placed on the practical use of the processes to provide working guidelines for their implementation, a guide to the literature, and an overview of each process.

  • Proceedings of the Seventeenth Assembly of the European Seismological Commission

    • 1st Edition
    • E. Bisztricsany
    • English

  • Magnetism And Metallurgy Of Soft Magnetic Materials

    • 1st Edition
    • C.W. Chem
    • English
    Magnetism and Metallurgy of Soft Magnetic Materials consistently and coherently presents the principles underlying the intrinsic and applied properties of soft magnets. This book is divided into two parts, focusing on magnetism and metallurgy. The first part of this book provides the various kinds of magnetism and the fundamental quantities of magnetism, such as magnetic poles, magnetic dipole, magnetic moment, magnetic field and magnetic induction. The second and third chapters focus on the theories of ferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism, as well as their domain structure and magnetization processes. The next chapter deals with the different magnetic properties, such as the intrinsic properties and the two structure-sensitive properties, the static properties and the dynamic properties. The second half of this book deals with the metallurgy and application of soft magnetic materials, such as the pure iron and steels, iron-silicon alloys, nickel-iron alloys, iron-cobalt alloys, ferrites, and thin films. Finally, this book offers special topics on radiation effects and magnetic bubbles and devices.

  • Structure of High-Resolution NMR Spectra

    • 1st Edition
    • P.L. Corio
    • English
    Structure of High-Resolution NMR Spectra provides the principles, theories, and mathematical and physical concepts of high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The book presents the elementary theory of magnetic resonance; the quantum mechanical theory of angular momentum; the general theory of steady state spectra; and multiple quantum transitions, double resonance and spin echo experiments. Physicists, chemists, and researchers will find the book a valuable reference text.

  • Ion Implantation Technology - 92

    • 1st Edition
    • D.F. Downey + 3 more
    • English
    Ion implantation technology has made a major contribution to the dramatic advances in integrated circuit technology since the early 1970's. The ever-present need for accurate models in ion implanted species will become absolutely vital in the future due to shrinking feature sizes. Successful wide application of ion implantation, as well as exploitation of newly identified opportunities, will require the development of comprehensive implant models. The 141 papers (including 24 invited papers) in this volume address the most recent developments in this field. New structures and possible approaches are described. The implications for ion implantation technology as well as additional observations of needs and opportunities are discussed. The volume will be of value to all those who are interested in acquiring a more complete understanding of the current developments in ion implantation processes and comprehensive implant models.

  • Nuclear Structure

    • 1st Edition
    • William Hornyak
    • English
    Nuclear Structure covers material usually discussed in courses about nuclear structure. The presentation, although recommends and not necessarily requires the reader to have some knowledge of introductory nuclear physics at an elementary or undergraduate level, requires a good knowledge of the elements of quantum mechanics, including an introduction to Dirac theory. The text covers topics such as nucleon-nucleon forces, the boson-exchange model, high-energy electron scattering, and the single particle shell model. Also covered are topics such as single-particle potentials, spin-orbit interactions, the individual-particle model, states of different nuclei, electromagnetic interactions with nuclei, and beta-decay. The book is recommended for nuclear physics students who have background knowledge on nuclear structure and would like to know more about the topic.

  • Unidirectional Wave Motions

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 23
    • H. Levine
    • English
    Unidirectional Wave Motions provides a comprehensive discussion of the formulations and their consequent elaborations which have found demonstrable value in wave analysis. The deliberate focus on unidirectional waves permits a relatively simple mathematical development, without leaving significant gaps in methodology and capability. The book is organized into three parts. The first part deals with the particulars of individual wave equations; the geometry or kinematics of wave forms; and general matters bearing on the transport of energy and momentum as well as dispersion or frequency sensitivity. The second part focuses on aspects of wave generation by localized and extended sources. The third part examines the effects of interaction between specified primary waves and medium irregularities (e.g., obstacles, inclusions, or local variations in the material parameters). Information about these irregularities or scatterers, ranging from microscopic to terrestrial scales, may be gleaned through the attendant phenomena of reflection, refraction, and diffraction, which are fundamental to wave theory.

  • Classical Electromagnetic Radiation

    • 2nd Edition
    • Jerry Marion
    • English
    Classical Electromagnetic Radiation, Second Edition focuses on the classical electrodynamics with emphasis on radiation problems and the wave attributes of the electromagnetic field. This book aims to provide a modern and practically sophisticated mathematical treatment of classical electrodynamics at the undergraduate level. Organized into 13 chapters, this edition starts with an overview of the basic principles of electromagnetism. This text then presents a detailed discussion of Laplace's equation and a treatment of multiple effects, since such material is of considerable significance in the development of radiation theory. Other chapters consider the electromagnetic field equations, which are developed in the time-dependent form. This book discusses as well the subjects of wave propagation in space as well as in material media. The final chapter presents an introduction to relativistic electrodynamics. This book is a valuable resource for physicists, engineers, and readers who are interested in the applications of electrodynamics in modern physics.

  • Rheology V2

    Theory and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Frederick Eirich
    • English
    Rheology: Theory and Applications, Volume II deals with the specific rheological subjects, such as deformational behavior in relation to the classic subjects and topics of rheology. This volume is divided into 13 chapters. Considerable chapters are devoted to the theory and aspects of viscoelastic and relaxation phenomena, as well as the applied theory concerning substances related to these phenomena, including elastomers, gelatins, and fibers. Other chapters cover the general principles of geological deformations derived from the study of less ""immobile"" objects. The remaining chapters present the methods and instrumentation in rheology. Researchers, teachers, and students who are interested in deformational behavior of materials will find this book invaluable.

  • Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Michael F. L'Annunziata
    • English
    Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis is written by experts in the measurement of radioactivity. The book describes the broad scope of analytical methods available and instructs the reader on how to select the proper technique. It is intended as a practical manual for research which requires the accurate measurement of radioactivity at all levels, from the low levels encountered in the environment to the high levels measured in radioisotope research. This book contains sample preparation procedures, recommendations on steps to follow, necessary calculations, computer controlled analysis, and high sample throughput techniques. Each chapter includes practical techniques for application to nuclear safety, nuclear safeguards, environmental analysis, weapons disarmament, and assays required for research in biomedicine and agriculture. The fundamentals of radioactivity properties, radionuclide decay, and methods of detection are included to provide the basis for a thorough understanding of the analytical procedures described in the book. Therefore, the Handbook can also be used as a teaching text.

  • Ultrasonic Measurement Methods

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 19
    • English
    Ultrasonic Measurement Methods describes methods used in ultrasonic measurements and covers topics ranging from radiated fields of ultrasonic transducers to the measurement of ultrasonic velocity and ultrasonic attenuation, along with the physical principles of measurements with electromagnetic-acou... transducers (EMATs). Optical detection of ultrasound and measurement of the electrical characteristics of piezoelectric devices are also examined. Comprised of seven chapters, this volume begins with an analysis of the radiated fields of ultrasonic transducers, followed by a discussion on the measurement of ultrasonic velocity and attenuation. The next chapter describes the physical principles of measurement with EMATs and the advantages of such devices based on their couplant-free operation. Optical detection of ultrasound is then considered, together with the problem of measuring the electrical characteristics of piezoelectric resonators and standard methods for obtaining the equivalent electrical parameter values. The final chapter is devoted to ultrasonic pulse scattering in solids and highlights many fascinating examples of wave scattering, some of which are accompanied by theoretical analysis. This book will be of interest to physicists.

  • Nonlinear Fiber Optics

    • 1st Edition
    • Govind Agrawal
    • English
    Nonlinear Fiber Optics deals with various nonlinear phenomena in optical fibers, including wave propagation, group-velocity dispersion, self-phase modulation, optical pulse compression, cross-phase modulation, stimulated Raman scattering and Brillouin scattering, and parametric processes. The implications of various nonlinear effects on the performance of light-wave systems are emphasized throughout. This book consists of 10 chapters and begins with an overview of the fiber characteristics that are important for understanding nonlinear effects in optical fibers. A brief historical perspective of the progress in the field of fiber optics is provided. Fiber properties such as optical loss, chromatic dispersion, and birefringence are discussed. Particular attention is paid to chromatic dispersion because of its importance in the study of nonlinear effects probed by using ultrashort optical pulses. The chapters that follow focus on wave propagation in optical fibers, along with group-velocity dispersion and self-phase modulation. A chapter is devoted to pulse propagation in the region of anomalous group-velocity dispersion, with emphasis on solitons. The book concludes with a discussion of parametric processes such as harmonic generation, four-wave mixing, and parametric amplification. This book is intended for researchers already engaged in or wishing to enter the field of nonlinear fiber optics, for scientists and engineers interested in optical fiber communications, and for graduate students enrolled in courses dealing with nonlinear optics, fiber optics, or optical communications.

  • Vibrational Spectroscopy At High External Pressures

    The Diamond Anvil Cell
    • 1st Edition
    • John R. Ferraro
    • English
    Vibrational Spectroscopy at High External Pressures: The Diamond Anvil Cell presents the effects of high pressure on the vibrational properties of materials as accomplished in a diamond anvil cell (DAC). The DAC serves the dual purpose of generating the pressures and being transparent to infrared radiation, allowing the observation of changes caused by pressure. The optical probes highlighted will deal principally with infrared and Raman scattering, although some observations in the visible region will also be presented. The book begins with a discussion of the effects of pressure and pressure units. This is followed by separate chapters on the instrumentation needed to study vibrational transitions under pressure and pressure calibration and various methods used to measure pressure in the DAC. Subsequent chapters deal with applications in basic areas of inorganic, coordination, and organic compounds. These include the effects of pressure on spin states and various geometries; pressure effects on organic molecules; applications in geochemistry, conductors, forensic science, and lubricants; and miscellaneous topics such as metallic hydrogen, metallic xenon, and CuCl.

  • Physical Science in the Modern World

    • 1st Edition
    • Jerry Marion
    • English
    Physical Science in the Modern World surveys the whole range of the non-biological sciences. This book explores the significant ideas and concepts in chemistry, physics, astronomy, geology, and meteorology with emphasis on how these sciences bear strongly upon one another and how the basic principles are applied to each. Organized into three part encompassing 29 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the fundamental building blocks of matter and explains how they are assembled to form molecules, rocks, minerals, and the Earth. This text then examines the basic concepts of physical science by exploring the fundamental principles that govern all physical processes and we see how they relate to various everyday occurrences. Other chapters consider how modern chemistry affects the world we live in and explain how the development of semiconductor materials has led in the development of miniature electronics. This book is a valuable resource for physicists, chemists, astronomers, geologists, and meteorologists.

  • An Introduction to Microcirculation

    • 1st Edition
    • M.P. Wiedeman
    • English
    An Introduction to Microcirculation is written in response to the need for a book containing the most basic information about microcirculation. The book aims to consolidate information gained from the numerous vascular beds that have been used for in vivo microscopic observations, to note the similarities and differences in architecture and function, to reveal the origin of certain terms and concepts, and to discuss hemodynamics of the micro vessels. The book is divided into three parts. Part 1 covers a historical introduction to the study; general anatomical comparisons; the microvasculature of specific organs and tissues; and methods of preparation of tissues for microscopic observation. Part 2 discusses factors that are involved in this process and the exchange in the microcirculation. Part 3 explores the hemodynamics in the microcirculation and quantitative techniques for measurement of velocity and blood pressure. The text is for medical students, graduate students, clinicians, and young investigators who wish to have a greater knowledge on microcirculation and the concepts behind it.

  • Clouds Their Formation, Optical Properties, And Effects

    • 1st Edition
    • Peter Hobbs
    • English
    Clouds: Their Formation, Optical Properties, and Effects deals with the formation of clouds as well as the theoretical and experimental aspects of their microphysical and optical properties. Discussions are grouped under the headings of structure of clouds, interaction of passive radiation with clouds, and interaction of active radiation with clouds. This book is organized into three sections and has 11 chapters. After analyzing the spatial and temporal scales involved in the formation and organization of clouds and precipitation, this text examines the microphysical measurement techniques used in probing the microstructure of clouds. The reader is then methodically introduced to the microstructure of atmospheric clouds and precipitation; the formation and structure of fog; and basic shortwave characteristics of “ideal” clouds. The temporal behavior of clouds and their interaction with the radiation field are considered, along with the possible effects of cloud models in general circulation studies. The remaining chapters explore the light scattering properties of ice crystals and the radiative characteristics of ice clouds; the laser measurements in clouds; the transmission and reflectivity of ice clouds by active probing; and the theory of multiple scattering of laser beams in clouds. The book concludes by presenting the measurements of the temporal and spatial spreading of a blue-green pulse through clouds and fogs as a function of optical thickness and receiver field-of-view. This text will be helpful to advanced researchers and program managers in terms of reviewing the state of the art and identifying those areas requiring further research efforts.

  • Introduction to Modern Physics

    • 2nd Edition
    • John Mcgervey
    • English
    Introduction to Modern Physics, Second Edition is a 16-chapter text that discusses the principles of modern physics. This book deals first with the basic topics of modern science including the atomic nature of matter and electricity; the theory of relativity; the old quantum theory; waves and particles; and the Schrödinger equation. The subsequent chapters cover other general topics of molecular spectra, superconductivity, and the biological effects of radiation, illustrating the fundamental quantum theory of angular momentum and the harmonic oscillator. The remaining chapters explore the properties of nucleus, nuclear transformation, and interactions of particles. This book is an invaluable source for undergraduate quantum mechanics students.

  • Spectral Line Broadening by Plasmas

    • 1st Edition
    • Hans Griem
    • English
    Spectral Line Broadening by Plasmas deals with spectral line broadening by plasmas and covers topics ranging from quasi-static approximation and impact approximation to intermediate approximations and correlation effects. Experimental results for hydrogen lines, lines with forbidden components, and ionized helium lines are presented. Applications such as density and temperature measurements are also considered. Comprised of four chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the effects of electric fields from electrons and ions (both acting as point charges) on spectral line shapes. The next chapter surveys theoretical work, paying particular attention to quasi-static, impact, and intermediate approximations as well as correlation effects. Stark broadening experiments are then discussed, with special emphasis on experiments capable of checking the accuracy or validity limits of the various approximations. The final chapter is devoted to applications in laboratory plasma physics and astronomy, focusing on density and temperature measurements and opacity calculations as well as the analysis of stellar atmospheres, amplitudes and spectra of plasma waves, and radio frequency lines. This book should appeal to students, practitioners, and researchers in pure and applied physics.

  • Radiometry

    • 1st Edition
    • Frank Grum
    • English
    Optical Radiation Measurements, Volume 1: Radiometry is an introduction to the measurement of optical radiant energy, with emphasis on the principles and generally applicable methods of radiometry. Topics range from basic concepts of radiant energy and its transfer to the calibration of instrumentation. Blackbody radiation and sources of radiation are also discussed, along with detectors and spectral analyzers. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the basic concepts and characteristics of radiometry as well as its applications such as photometry, photography, television, and vision research. The next chapters describe basic concepts such as radiation laws, terminology, and the transfer of radiant energy. The emphasis in these early chapters is on fundamentals. The major components of radiometric systems are then considered. The final three chapters focus on representative techniques, with particular reference to measurements of radiant power and radiant energy; reflectance, transmittance, and absorptance; and standards and calibration. This book is written for students, practitioners, and researchers in physics.

  • Direct Current Geoelectric Sounding

    Principles And Interpretation
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 9
    • P Bhattacharya
    • English
    Direct Current Geoelectric Sounding: Principles and Interpretation provides a comprehensive review of the Schlumberger method of geoelectric sounding, as well as current methods of interpretation. It explores the theoretical foundations of geoelectric sounding, the relative advantages and limitations of the two symmetrical arrangements for vertical electrical sounding, the techniques of interpretation for Wenner sounding curves, and dipole sounding. This volume is based on educational materials used in the study of geoelectric sounding. It begins with an overview of the theory of current flow in a horizontally stratified Earth, followed by a discussion of how the resistivity of the ground is measured. The book explains the current flow in a homogeneous anisotropic and horizontally stratified Earth, the principle of equivalence, and vertical electrical sounding. Moreover, it presents the basic principles and procedures for the construction of theoretical master curves. Asymptotic values of Schlumberger curves, the principle of reduction of two layers and of a three-layer Earth, and Tagg's method of interpretation are also discussed. The book explains the interpretation by curve-matching, characteristics of dipole electric sounding, and geological applications of electrical resistivity sounding. Engineering problems and application examples with self-explanatory diagrams are provided at the end of the chapters. This book will benefit undergraduate and postgraduate students who want to broaden their understanding of exploration geophysics, as well as professional exploration geologists and geophysicists, civil engineers, agricultural scientists, and researchers.

  • Laser spectroscopy IX

    • 1st Edition
    • Michael Feld
    • English
    Laser Spectroscopy IX documents the proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Laser Spectroscopy, held in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, June 18-23, 1989. The scientific program consisted of oral and poster presentations. There were 52 invited talks organized into 14 topical sessions, some with panel discussions. About 60 additional invited contributions were presented in three evening poster sessions. Also included were 15 post deadline oral and poster presentations. These proceedings contain summaries of essentially all of these contributions. The contributions made by researchers at the conference are organized into 14 parts. Part I focuses on laser cooling. Part II presents studies on laser spectroscopy. Part III includes papers on cavity Q.E.D. Parts IV, V, and VI examine noise and coherence, quantum size effects, and surface spectroscopy, respectively. Part VII deals with laser light sources. Part VIII includes papers on trapped ion spectroscopy. Part IX covers ultrafast spectroscopy while Part X takes up fundamental measurements, including those of positronium, the Rydberg constant, and lead and thallium isotopes. Parts XI-XIV cover, respectively, molecular spectroscopy and dynamics, applications in radiation forces, highly excited states and dynamics, and laser spectroscopy for biomedicine.

  • Advances in Microwaves V6

    • 1st Edition
    • Leo Young
    • English
    Advances in Microwaves, Volume 6 is a three-chapter text that explores the fundamental principles of precision coaxial connectors, traveling wave tubes, and junction circulators. Chapter 1 discusses the significant developments in the design, accuracy, and reference standard lines of precision coaxial connectors, with an emphasis on the application of the 7-mm and 14-mm precision coaxial connectors. Chapter 2 examines the stability of strongly modulated beams in a variety of focusing systems, such as uniform magnetic fields (Brillouin and near-Brillouin flow), linearly tapered magnetic fields, and periodic-permanent-m... field systems. Chapter 3 deals with the theoretical aspects and characteristics of all types of junction circulators, with an emphasis on the lumped-element and the stripline circulator. Discussions on a theorem on passive three-port networks and star and delta networks are covered in the supplementary texts.

  • An Introduction to the Liquid State

    • 1st Edition
    • P Egelstaff
    • English
    An Introduction to the Liquid State focuses on the atomic motions and positions of liquids. Particularly given importance in this book are internal motion of molecules as a whole and the motion of atoms in a monatomic liquid. Divided into 16 chapters, the book opens by outlining the general properties of liquids, including a comparison of liquid argon and liquid sodium, discussions on theories and methods of studying the liquid state, and thermodynamic relationships. The book proceeds by defining the molecular distribution functions and equation of state, the potential function for non-conducting liquids and metals, and measurement of pair distribution function. Numerical analyses and representations are provided to simplify the functions of equations. The book discusses equilibrium properties wherein calculations on the state of gases and fluids are presented. The text also underlines space and time dependent correlation functions. Given emphasis in this part are neutron scattering, electromagnetic radiation, and various radiation scattering techniques. Other concerns discussed are diffusion and single particle motion, velocity of correlation function, diffusion and viscosity coefficients, liquid-gas critical point, and a comparison of classical and quantum liquids. The selection is a valuable source of information for readers wanting to study the composition and reactions of liquids.

  • Relativity Reexamined

    • 1st Edition
    • Mohhamad Reza Kiani
    • English
    Relativity Reexamined examines relativity from a new angle and with an unconventional perspective. Topics covered range from quantum theory and relativity to gravitation and relativity quantized atomic clocks, as well as special relativity Doppler effect and spherical symmetry. A distinction is also made between mathematical coordinates and physical frames of reference. This book is comprised of eight chapters and begins by considering the development of scientific theories in general, citing examples to show how scientists' viewpoints have progressively changed. Some of the problems that have emerged, and which even Albert Einstein was unable to foresee, are highlighted. The first chapter reviews the historical sequence of events that led to quantum theory and relativity, while the second chapter focuses on some problems about restricted relativity, paying particular attention to the meaning of potential energy and the importance of field theory in relativistic theories. The following chapters analyze a variety of experimental evidences that challenge many basic assumptions in theoretical physics, focusing on the fundamental importance of the Mössbauer effect and of atomic clocks; the link between gravitation and relativity; classical problems of theoretical mechanics; and special relativity Doppler effect. A gravistatic problem with spherical symmetry is also described. This monograph will be of interest to physicists and students of physics.

  • Nonlinear Surface Electromagnetic Phenomena

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 29
    • H.-E. Ponath + 1 more
    • English
    In recent years the physics of electromagnetic surface phenomena has developed rapidly, evolving into technologies for communications and industry, such as fiber and integrated optics. The variety of phenomena based on electromagnetism at surfaces is rich and this book was written with the aim of summarizing the available knowledge in selected areas of the field.The book contains reviews written by solid state and optical physicists on the nonlinear interaction of electromagnetic waves at and with surfaces and films. Both the physical phenomena and some potential applications are dealt with. Included are discussions of nonlinear wave mixing on films and surfaces, second harmonic generation in waveguides and at surfaces, nonlinear waves guided by dielectric and semiconductor surfaces and films, surface gratings formed by high energy laser beams, and reflection and transmission switching of strong beams onto nonlinear surfaces. Chapters on light scattering from surface excitations and magnetic order-disorder and orientational phase transitions complete this essential contribution to the modern optics literature.

  • Hadrons and Their Interactions

    Current and Field Algebra, Soft Pions, Supermultiplets, and Related Topics
    • 1st Edition
    • A Zichichi
    • English
    Hadrons and Their Interactions: Current and Field Algebra, Soft Pions, Supermultiplets, and Related Topics focuses on formulas, principles, and interactions involved in the study of physics. The compilation contains the papers presented at the ""Ettore Majorana,"" held in Erice on July 1-14, 1967. Divided into three parts with 22 chapters, the compilation focuses first on lectures on soft pions; the method of phenomenological lagrangians and algebra of fields; and radiative corrections to beta decay and the structure of hadrons. The second part focuses on seminars. The areas covered include a review of coherent production in strong interactions; spontaneous breakdown and the weak interaction angle; and the symmetries of the S-matrix. The concluding part also focuses on lectures, including lectures on the present status of the fundamental interactions; a pedagogical exercise in binning and resolution; and the pomeranchuk affair and twisting trajectories. The compilation is a valuable source of data for readers and physicists wanting to explore the interactions of hadrons.

  • Macromolecular Physics V2

    • 1st Edition
    • Bernhard Wunderlich
    • English
    Macromolecular Physics, Volume 2: Crystal Nucleation, Growth, Annealing continues the discussion of crystals of linear macromolecules. The text also gives conclusion about the description and formation of crystals. The book covers topics such as the primary, secondary, and tertiary nucleation of crystals; the general growth of crystals; solution and melt crystallization of macromolecules; and the general annealing of crystals. For those who wish to do further reading, the table of contents of Volume 1 is included in the book. The text is recommended for macromolecular physicists, especially those whose focus is on the study of crystals and its different properties.

  • Ultrasensitive Laser Spectroscopy

    • 1st Edition
    • David Kliger
    • English
    Ultrasensitive Laser Spectroscopy covers the experimental methods involved in various sensitive techniques to which lasers have been applied for the study of weak transitions. This book is organized into seven chapters. Each chapter discusses the theories, experiments, and application of the specific technique. A discussion on the advantages, disadvantages, and modifications made in each technique is also provided. Ultrasensitive techniques considered in this text include photoacoustic, one- and two-photon excitation, absorption, mass, and laser ionization spectroscopies. Other chapters examine the techniques of laser intracavity-enhanced... laser absorption, and emission spectroscopy. This book will be of value to spectroscopists, analytical chemists, and researchers in the field of ultrasensitive analysis.

  • The Auditory Periphery Biophysics and Physiology

    • 1st Edition
    • Peter Dallos
    • English
    The Auditory Periphery: Biophysics and Physiology is an attempt to provide comprehensive and detailed information regarding biophysics and physiology in terms of the peripheral auditory system. Eight detailed chapters are presented in the book where the first and last serve as introduction and summary. The introductory chapter provides background on the anatomy and functional organization of the auditory system. The second chapter illustrates the most common experimental techniques. A whole chapter is dedicated to the discussion of the middle ear, while Chapters 4 and 5 discuss cochlear mechanisms and potentials. The topic most studied but less understood in the operation of the ear is also emphasized in the book, which is the production of distortion. The topic of feedback mechanisms and systems is also covered. This book aims to be of help to various specialists such as biophysicists, bioengineers, physiologists, otolaryngologists, and speech and hearing scientists.

  • High Pressure Phase Behaviour of Multicomponent Fluid Mixtures

    • 1st Edition
    • R.J. Sadus
    • English
    The high pressure phase behaviour of binary fluid mixtures has been extensively studied during the last three decades. There is ample experimental data for a wide variety of binary mixtures and extensive methods for prediction have been developed. In contrast, the investigation of ternary and other multicomponent fluids is in its infancy. Experimental ternary mixture critical data are very rare and theoretical studies have been limited to data correlation rather than genuine prediction. The phase behaviour of ternary and other multicomponent fluid mixtures has many novel aspects which are not manifested in binary mixtures. The properties of ternary mixtures are also likely to be more difficult to characterize experimentally. It is in this context that calculated phase diagrams have an important role in leading the discovery of new phenomena and guiding experimental work.The criteria for phase equilibria of multicomponent fluids with particular emphasis on the critical state are examined in this book, and models for predicting fluid equilibria (e.g., different equations of state) are compared. Particular attention is paid to the critical state of ternary mixtures which has hitherto been largely neglected. The problems associated with predicting ternary equilibria are discussed, and some novel aspects of ternary critical phenomena are illustrated. The books also describes a novel type of critical transition which appears to be a common feature of the equilibria of ternary mixtures. Extensive phase diagrams of a wide range of ternary mixtures including systems containing carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen and tetrafluoromethane as one or more component are presented. The theoretical treatment is detailed in the appendix and a computation of known experimental critical points is also included.

  • Chemical Sensing with Solid State Devices

    • 1st Edition
    • Marc J. Madou + 1 more
    • English
    This book is a lucid presentation for chemists, electrical engineers, surface scientists, and solid-state physicists, of the fundamentals underlying the construction of simple and small chemical sensors. The first part of the book is a review of the theoretical background in solid state physics, chemistry and electronics. Semiconductor and solid electrolyte bulk models are reviewed as well as solid/gas and solid/liquid interface models. Membranes and catalysis theory are also covered expansively. The second part is a discussion of more complete sensor devices, their essential components, and of the important developments in this area over the last fifteen to twenty years. The book provides guidance through the multidisciplinary world of chemical sensors. It should be understandable to students with some training in physics and chemistry and a general knowledge of electronics. Finally, comments on economic considerations in the development of new sensor products and suggestionsfor future research and development should be of value to company R&D planners.

  • Variational Methods in Nuclear Reactor Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Weston M. Jr. Stacey
    • English
    Nuclear Science and Technology, Volume 10: Variational Methods in Nuclear Reactor Physics presents the mathematical methods of a variational origin that are useful in obtaining approximate solutions to science and engineering problems. This book is composed of five chapters and begins with a discussion on the variation principles for physical systems described by both inhomogeneous and homogeneous equations to develop a generalized perturbation theory. Chapter 2 deals with the applications of variational estimates and generalized perturbation theory to neutron transport problems. Chapter 3 covers the variation principles of the Lagrangian form that are constructed for a general, linear- time-dependent process and for the specific case of the P1 neutron kinetics equations. Chapter 4 presents the general procedure for the variational derivation of synthesis approximations and their applications to problems in reactor physics. This chapter also examines the relationship of the spatial synthesis and finite-element method and a hybrid method that combines features of both methods. Chapter 5 describes the relationship of variation theory with the Hamilton-Jacobi theory and with the optimization theories of the maximum principle and dynamic programming. Nuclear physicists and researchers will find this text invaluable.

  • Internal Conversion Coefficients for Multipolarities E1,…, E4, M1,…, M4

    • 1st Edition
    • Katharine Way
    • English
    Atomic and Nuclear Data Reprints, Volume 1: Internal Conversion Coefficients: For Multipolarities E1,. . ., E4, M1,. . ., M4 covers a complete set of values for the internal conversion coefficients. This volume provides a compact tool for the analysis of nuclear radiations. This book contains four chapters and starts with a presentation of values of the internal conversion coefficient, number of electrons per photon emitted in a nuclear transition, from relativistic self-consistent-fiel... calculation, which takes into account finite nuclear size, hole and exchange effects, experimental electron binding energies, and vacuum polarization. The next two chapters provide the conversion coefficients for the four lowest electric and magnetic nuclear transition multipoles, E1 . . . E4, M1 . . . M4, for electrons in the K- , L - , and M-shells and L-, M-, and N-subshells as a function of nuclear-transition or gamma-ray energy. The last chapter presents the K- and L-shell internal conversion coefficients for transition energies above 1 MeV.

  • Old and New Problems in Elementary Particles

    • 1st Edition
    • G Puppi
    • English
    Old and New Problems in Elementary Particles provides information pertinent to elementary-particle physics. This book examines the types of problems facing high-energy physicists. Comprised of 20 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the fundamental properties of Dirac poles, with emphasis on the spin, the electric-dipole moment, and the mass. This text then examines the applications of supergain antenna, which is an interesting cautionary model against an oversimplified application of the notion of indeterminacy. Other chapters explain the uninhibited adoption of a uniform and natural experimental definition of resonance or particle with respect to hadrons. This book illustrates as well how insight into strong-interaction dynamics may be improved by a precise definition of the particle-resonance concept. The final chapter deals with the derivation of the Alder–Weisberger relation, which links the ratio of the two weak coupling constants of the nucleon with an integral over pion absorption cross-sections. Physicists and researchers will find this book useful.

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