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    • Electron Magnetic Resonance

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 50
      • August 28, 2019
      • Ashutosh Kumar Shukla
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 1 2 8 1 4 0 2 4 6
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 1 2 8 1 4 0 2 5 3
      Electron Magnetic Resonance: Applications in Physical Sciences and Biology, Volume 50, describes the principles and recent trends in different experimental methods of Electron Magnetic Resonance (EMR) spectroscopy. In addition to principles, experimental methods and applications, each chapter contains a complete list of references that guide the reader to relevant literature. The book is intended for both skilled and novice researchers in academia, professional fields, scientists and students without any geographical limitations. It is useful for both beginners and experts in the field of Electron Spin Resonance who are looking for recent experimental methods of EMR techniques.

    • Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry and Its Applications

      • 1st Edition
      • October 22, 2013
      • Peter H. Dawson
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 1 3 2 6 2 4
      • Hardback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 4 1 3 4 5 1
      • eBook
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 1 6 5 0 4 2
      Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry and Its Applications provides a comprehensive discussion of quadrupoles and their applications. It proceeds from a general explanation of the action of radiofrequency quadrupole fields to the description of their utilization in mass analyzers—such as the quadrupole mass filter, the monopole, the three-dimensional quadrupole ion trap, and various time-of-flight spectrometers—and finally to the characteristic applications of quadrupoles. A multi-author format has been adopted to provide broader-than-usual viewpoint in the book. The book begins by explaining the principles of operation of quadrupole devices. These include ion trajectories and computer simulations of performance; analytical theory; numerical methods of calculation of performance, including the recently developed application of phase-space dynamics; and fringing fields and other field imperfections. Subsequent chapters provide design and performance evaluations of the mass filter, the monopole, ion traps, and time-of-flight instruments; and describe areas of application where quadrupole devices have made the greatest impact because of their particular advantages and disadvantages.

    • Experimental Methods and Instrumentation for Chemical Engineers

      • 1st Edition
      • April 5, 2013
      • Gregory S. Patience
      • English
      • Hardback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 3 8 0 4 8
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 3 8 0 5 5
      Experimental Methods and Instrumentation for Chemical Engineers is a practical guide for research engineers and students, process engineers and, consultants, and others in the chemical engineering field. This unique book thoroughly describes experimental measurements and instrumentation in the contexts of pressure, temperature, fluid metering, chromatography, and more. Chapters on physico-chemical analysis and analysis of solids and powders are included as well. Throughout the book, the author examines all aspects of engineering practice and research. The principles of unit operations, transport phenomena, and plant design form the basis of this discipline. Experimental Methods and Instrumentation for Chemical Engineers integrates these concepts with statistics and uncertainty analysis to define factors that are absolutely necessary to measure and control, how precisely, and how often. Experimental Methods and Instrumentation for Chemical Engineers is divided into several themes, including the measurement of pressure, temperature flow rate, physico-chemical properties, gas and liquid concentrations and solids properties. Throughout the book, the concept of uncertainty is discussed in context, and the last chapter is dedicated to designing and experimental plan. The theory around the measurement principles is illustrated with examples. These examples include notions related to plant design as well as cost and safety.

    • Amplitude Distribution Spectrometers V3

      • 1st Edition
      • December 2, 2012
      • Waldemar Scharf
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 6 9 2 2 6
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 6 0 1 2 1 6
      Fundamental Studies in Engineering 3: Amplitude Distribution Spectrometers reviews amplitude or pulse-height distribution analyzers, both single- and multichannel types, and spectrometers, along with their construction and operation. It discusses the basic parameters of electrical impulses, the general parameters of amplitude distribution spectrometers, the conventional methods of analyzing amplitude distribution by means of single-channel spectrometers, analysis of amplitude spectra using computer methods, and methods and devices for multiparameter amplitude analysis. Comprised of eight chapters, this volume begins with an overview of physical phenomena that can be represented in the form of electrical impulses arising in transducers of physical quantities. It then discusses the use of pulse-height spectrometers to determine the height distributions of electrical impulses, trends in the development of pulse-height spectrometers, conventional pulse-height analysis, and multispectral scaling. The reader is methodically introduced to the analysis of Gaussian distributions, Fourier-transform analysis, and measuring units used in preliminary signal processing. Other chapters focus on spectrogram recording methods, methods of spectrum averaging, computer methods of spectral analysis, and methods of recording multi-parameter spectrograms. The book concludes with a review of the use of pulse-height spectrometers in a wide range of fields such as medicine, biology, astronomy, nuclear research, space research, and physico-chemical research. Users of amplitude spectrometers in various fields of science and technology will find this book extremely useful.

    • Ion Implantation Technology - 92

      • 1st Edition
      • December 2, 2012
      • D.F. Downey + 3 more
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 6 8 6 2 5
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 9 9 8 0 3
      Ion implantation technology has made a major contribution to the dramatic advances in integrated circuit technology since the early 1970's. The ever-present need for accurate models in ion implanted species will become absolutely vital in the future due to shrinking feature sizes. Successful wide application of ion implantation, as well as exploitation of newly identified opportunities, will require the development of comprehensive implant models. The 141 papers (including 24 invited papers) in this volume address the most recent developments in this field. New structures and possible approaches are described. The implications for ion implantation technology as well as additional observations of needs and opportunities are discussed. The volume will be of value to all those who are interested in acquiring a more complete understanding of the current developments in ion implantation processes and comprehensive implant models.

    • Alpha-, Beta- and Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy

      • 1st Edition
      • December 2, 2012
      • K. Siegbahn
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 6 7 6 6 6
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 9 6 9 9 4
      Alpha-, Beta- and Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy Volume 1 offers a comprehensive account of radioactivity and related low-energy phenomena. It summarizes progress in the field of alpha-, beta- and gamma-ray spectroscopy, including the discovery of the non-conservation of parity, as well as new experimental methods that elucidate the processes of weak interactions in general and beta-decay in particular. Comprised of 14 chapters, the book presents experimental methods and theoretical discussions and calculations to maintain the link between experiment and theory. It begins with a discussion of the interaction of electrons and alpha particles with matter. The book explains the elastic scattering of electrons by atomic nuclei and the interaction between gamma-radiation and matter. It then introduces topic on beta-ray spectrometer theory and design and crystal diffraction spectroscopy of nuclear gamma rays. Moreover, the book discusses the applications of the scintillation counter; proportional counting in gases; and the general processes and procedures used in determining disintegration schemes through a study of the beta- and gamma-rays emitted. In addition, it covers the nuclear shell model; collective nuclear motion and the unified model; and alpha-decay conservation laws. The emissions of gamma-radiation during charged particle bombardment and from fission fragments, as well as the neutron-capture radiation spectroscopy, are also explained. Experimentalists will find this book extremely useful.

    • Random Processes: Measurement, Analysis and Simulation

      • 1st Edition
      • December 2, 2012
      • J. Cacko + 2 more
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 6 7 9 8 7
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 9 8 0 3 5
      This book covers the basic topics associated with the measurement, analysis and simulation of random environmental processes which are encountered in practice when dealing with the dynamics, fatigue and reliability of structures in real environmental conditions. The treatment is self-contained and the authors have brought together and integrated the most important information relevant to this topic in order that the newcomer can see and study it as a whole. This approach should also be of interest to experienced engineers from fatigue laboratories who want to learn more about the possible methods of simulation, especially for use in real time on electrohydraulic computer-controlled loading machines.Problems of constructing a measuring system are dealt with in the first chapter. Here the authors discuss the choice of measuring conditions and locations, as well as the organization of a chain of devices for measuring and recording random environmental processes. Some experience gained from practical measurements is also presented. The recorded processes are further analysed by various methods. The choice is governed by the aims of the measurements and applications of the results. Chapter 2 is thus devoted to methods of random process evaluations for digital computers, both from the fatigue and dynamic point of view. The most important chapter is Chapter 3 as this presents a review of up-to-date methods of random process simulation with given statistical characteristics. These methods naturally follow those of random process analysis, and their results form initial data for the corresponding simulations algorithms, including occurrences of characteristic parameters of counting methods, reproduction of correlation theory characteristics and of autoregressive models. The simulation of non-stationary processes is treated in depth, taking into account their importance for practical applications and also the lack of information of this subject.The book is intended to help resolve many practical problems concerning the methods and quality of environmental process evaluation and simulation which can arise when up-to-date loading systems with computer control are being used in material, component and structural fatigue and dynamic research.

    • Microweighing in Vacuum and Controlled Environments

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 4
      • December 2, 2012
      • A.W. Czanderna + 1 more
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 6 7 3 6 9
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 9 6 4 6 8
      Methods and Phenomena, 4: Their Applications in Science and Technology: Microweighing in Vacuum and Controlled Environments focuses on the principles, methodologies, and approaches involved in micro mass measurements. The selection first elaborates on introduction and microbalance review, beam microbalance design, construction and operation, and sources of error in microweighing in controlled environments. Discussions focus on Brownian motion, Knudsen forces, gravitational forces, microbalance construction and operation, auxiliary equipment for operation of a vacuum microbalance, undesirable disturbances or forces, calibration techniques, and classification of various types of microbalances. The text then takes a look at physical adsorption studies and chemisorption studies with the vacuum microbalance, simultaneous microgravimetric and residual gas analyzer measurements, and simultaneous measurement of mass change and infrared spectra. Topics include chemisorption results obtained on other solids and silver powders, probing the surface phase, quantitative information from adsorption and desorption, measuring techniques, and examples of physisorption measurements and their evaluation. The manuscript examines unusual applications of the vacuum microbalance and high temperature reaction studies, as well as empirical and theoretical rate laws, permeation of water vapor through plastic membranes, and measurement of permittivity and dielectric loss factor. The selection is a valuable source of data for researchers wanting to explore microweighing in vacuum and controlled environments.

    • C, H, N and O in Si and Characterization and Simulation of Materials and Processes

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 56
      • December 2, 2012
      • A. Borghesi + 4 more
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 6 7 2 8 4
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 9 6 3 3 8
      Containing over 200 papers, this volume contains the proceedings of two symposia in the E-MRS series. Part I presents a state of the art review of the topic - Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Oxygen in Silicon and in Other Elemental Semiconductors. There was strong representation from the industrial laboratories, illustrating that the topic is highly relevant for the semiconductor industry.The second part of the volume deals with a topic which is undergoing a process of convergence with two concerns that are more particularly application oriented. Firstly, the advanced instrumentation which, through the use of atomic force and tunnel microscopies, high resolution electron microscopy and other high precision analysis instruments, now allows for direct access to atomic mechanisms. Secondly, the technological development which in all areas of applications, particularly in the field of microelectronics and microsystems, requires as a result of the miniaturisation race, a precise mastery of the microscopic mechanisms.

    • Measurement Evaluation

      • 1st Edition
      • December 2, 2012
      • A. Boros
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 6 8 0 2 1
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 9 8 1 6 5
      The information obtained about a measured object is called ``crude'' measurement information and must be related to the conditions under which the measurement took place. Using ``crude'' measurement information as a starting point, evaluation produces physically correctly interpreted data with their estimated (or corrected) error. Although a number of works deal with the evaluation of measurements, they either appeared a long time ago or serve essentially different aims. This book gives a comprehensive and current overview on the basic principles, aids, devices, and methods in the evaluation of measurements performed in all fields of technology and science in order to gain information about physical or technical objects. It also provides an introduction to the more recent problem areas such as frequency analysis, stochastic measurement information, real time treatment of measurement information, etc.The book will prove useful in solving the problem areas encountered by those involved in measurement technology and measurement evaluation. It will also serve as an introduction to those not possessing any specialized and advanced technical training in the subject matter.

Related subjects

Experimental methods and instrumentation for elementary particle and nuclear physics

Instrumentation and techniques for atomic and molecular physics

Instrumentation and techniques in experimental physics

Instrumentation general

Measurement science general laboratory techniques and instrumentation systems