Absolute Radiometry

ContributorsForewordPrefaceAcknowledgments1 The Absolute Measurement of Radiant Power 1.1 Units and Standards of Measurement 1.2 Optical Radiometry 1.3 Absolute Radiometry Appendix References Additional References2 Absorbers of Optical Radiation 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Absorptance and Reflectance 2.3 Absorber Types 2.4 Common Absorber Materials 2.5 Summary References3 Thermal Detectors of Optical Radiation 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Parameters Used to Characterize the Performance of Radiation Detectors 3.3 Thermophile Detectors 3.4 Bolometric Detectors 3.5 Pyroelectric Detectors 3.6 Other Detectors 3.7 Compensating Configurations 3.8 Conclusion References4 Analysis of the Temperature Distribution in a Detector Element 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The Temperature Distribution in the Direction Normal to the Surface of the Detector Element 4.3 The Temperature Distribution Parallel to the Surface of the Detector Element 4.4 Guidelines for Minimizing Responsivity Variations References5 Environmental Corrections in Absolute Radiometry 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Diffraction 5.3 Atmospheric Absorption 5.4 Refraction References6 Instrumental Corrections in Absolute Radiometry 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The Responsivity of an Absolute Radiometer 6.3 A Comprehensive Theory of the Instrumental Corrections for Absolute Radiometers 6.4 Discussion of Other Correction Formulas 6.5 Correction Experiments and Calculation 6.6 Further Considerations 6.7 Conclusion References7 Alternative Optical Power Scales 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Blackbody Radiators 7.3 Silicon Photodiodes with a Predictable Quantum Efficiency 7.4 Synchrotron Radiation 7.5 Comparisons between Independent Optical Power Scales References8 DC Substitution Methods Used in Other Areas of Metrology 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Gamma-Ray and X-Ray Region 8.3 Microwave and Radio-Frequency Region 8.4 AC-DC Transfer 8.5 Particle Beams 8.6 Conclusion ReferencesIndex