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    • Associative Networks

      • 1st Edition
      • May 10, 2014
      • Nicholas V. Findler
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 3 8 7 7 7
      • eBook
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 6 3 0 1 4
      Associative Networks: Representation and Use of Knowledge by Computers is a collection of papers that deals with knowledge base of programs exhibiting some operational aspects of understanding. One paper reviews network formalism that utilizes unobstructed semantics, independent of the domain to which it is applied, that is also capable of handling significant epistemological relationships of concept structuring, attribute/value inheritance, multiple descriptions. Another paper explains network notations that encode taxonomic information; general statements involving quantification; information about processes and procedures; the delineation of local contexts, as well as the relationships between syntactic units and their interpretations. One paper shows that networks can be designed to be intuitively and formally interpretable. Network formalisms are computer-oriented logics which become distinctly significant when access paths from concepts to propositions are built into them. One feature of a topical network organization is its potential for learning. If one topic is too large, it could be broken down where groupings of propositions under the split topics are then based on "co-usage" statistics. As an example, one paper cites the University of Maryland artificial intelligence (AI) group which investigates the control and interaction of a meaning-based parser. The group also analyzes the inferences and predictions from a number of levels based on mundane inferences of actions and causes that can be used in AI. The collection can be useful for computer engineers, computer programmers, mathematicians, and researchers who are working on artificial intelligence.

    • Numerical Solution of Systems of Nonlinear Algebraic Equations

      • 1st Edition
      • May 10, 2014
      • George D. Byrne + 1 more
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 3 6 8 5 8
      • eBook
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 6 9 3 0 6
      Numerical Solution of Systems of Nonlinear Algebraic Equations contains invited lectures of the NSF-CBMS Regional Conference on the Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Algebraic Systems with Applications to Problems in Physics, Engineering and Economics, held on July 10-14, 1972. This book is composed of 10 chapters and begins with the concepts of nonlinear algebraic equations in continuum mechanics. The succeeding chapters deal with the numerical solution of quasilinear elliptic equations, the nonlinear systems in semi-infinite programming, and the solution of large systems of linear algebraic equations. These topics are followed by a survey of some computational techniques for the nonlinear least squares problem. The remaining chapters explore the problem of nonlinear functional minimization, the modification methods, and the computer-oriented algorithms for solving system. These chapters also examine the principles of contractor theory of solving equations. This book will prove useful to undergraduate and graduate students.

    • Reliability in Computing

      • 1st Edition
      • May 10, 2014
      • Ramon E. Moore
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 4 3 6 9 6
      • eBook
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 7 7 8 4 4
      Perspectives in Computing, Vol. 19: Reliability in Computing: The Role of Interval Methods in Scientific Computing presents a survey of the role of interval methods in reliable scientific computing, including vector arithmetic, language description, convergence, and algorithms. The selection takes a look at arithmetic for vector processors, FORTRAN-SC, and reliable expression evaluation in PASCAL-SC. Discussions focus on interval arithmetic, optimal scalar product, matrix and vector arithmetic, transformation of arithmetic expressions, development of FORTRAN-SC, and language description with examples. The text then examines floating-point standards, algorithms for verified inclusions, applications of differentiation arithmetic, and interval acceleration of convergence. The book ponders on solving systems of linear interval equations, interval least squares, existence of solutions and iterations for nonlinear equations, and interval methods for algebraic equations. Topics include interval methods for single equations, diagnosing collinearity, interval linear equations, effects of nonlinearity, and bounding the solutions. The publication is a valuable source of data for computer science experts and researchers interested in the role of interval methods in reliable scientific computing.

    • A Computational Logic Handbook

      • 1st Edition
      • May 10, 2014
      • Robert S. Boyer + 1 more
      • Werner Rheinboldt + 1 more
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 3 6 5 3 7
      • eBook
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 7 7 7 8 3
      Perspectives in Computing: A Computational Logic Handbook contains a precise description of the logic and a detailed reference guide to the associated mechanical theorem proving system, including a primer for the logic as a functional programming language, an introduction to proofs in the logic, and a primer for the mechanical theorem. The publication first offers information on a primer for the logic, formalization within the logic, and a precise description of the logic. Discussions focus on induction and recursion, quantification, explicit value terms, dealing with features and omissions, elementary mathematical relationships, Boolean operators, and conventional data structures. The text then takes a look at proving theorems in the logic, mechanized proofs in the logic, and an introduction to the system. The text examines the processes involved in using the theorem prover, four classes of rules generated from lemmas, and aborting or interrupting commands. Topics include executable counterparts, toggle, elimination of irrelevancy, heuristic use of equalities, representation of formulas, type sets, and the crucial check points in a proof attempt. The publication is a vital reference for researchers interested in computational logic.

    • Measure, Integration, and Functional Analysis

      • 1st Edition
      • May 10, 2014
      • Robert B. Ash
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 3 5 6 8 4
      • eBook
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 6 5 1 0 0
      Measure, Integration, and Functional Analysis deals with the mathematical concepts of measure, integration, and functional analysis. The fundamentals of measure and integration theory are discussed, along with the interplay between measure theory and topology. Comprised of four chapters, this book begins with an overview of the basic concepts of the theory of measure and integration as a prelude to the study of probability, harmonic analysis, linear space theory, and other areas of mathematics. The reader is then introduced to a variety of applications of the basic integration theory developed in the previous chapter, with particular reference to the Radon-Nikodym theorem. The third chapter is devoted to functional analysis, with emphasis on various structures that can be defined on vector spaces. The final chapter considers the connection between measure theory and topology and looks at a result that is a companion to the monotone class theorem, together with the Daniell integral and measures on topological spaces. The book concludes with an assessment of measures on uncountably infinite product spaces and the weak convergence of measures. This book is intended for mathematics majors, most likely seniors or beginning graduate students, and students of engineering and physics who use measure theory or functional analysis in their work.

    • Economic Structure and Performance

      • 1st Edition
      • May 10, 2014
      • Hollis B. Chenery
      • Moshe Syrquin + 2 more
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 4 7 2 1 2
      • eBook
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 5 7 9 1 4
      Economic Structure and Performance: Essays in Honor of Hollis B. Chenery briefly reviews the work of Hollis Chenery in the field of economics. This book discusses the underlying themes in Chenery's work, including structure, strategy, adjustment, and models. Organized into four parts encompassing 26 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the patterns of structural change and their relation to growth. This text then examines the objectives, measures, and implementation of policy, as well as administrative capabilities and cultural characteristics. Other chapters compare Chenery's econometric analysis of development patterns with the historical analyses and suggest that the two approaches complement each other. This book discusses as well the persistence of disequilibrium in segments of the economy. The final chapter deals with simple criteria for detecting critical interdependencies and a formula for measuring their welfare consequences. This book is a valuable resource for economists, industrialists, foreign capitalists, and social scientists.

    • Intermediate Microeconomics with Applications

      • 1st Edition
      • May 10, 2014
      • Aroop K. Mahanty
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 4 3 0 6 1
      • eBook
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 6 8 7 9 8
      Intermediate Microeconomics with Applications describes the methods and practicality of microeconomics, specifically the actual empirical models. This book is divided into 17 chapters and begins with discussions of the principles and concept of utility, preference, indifference and revenue analysis, demand, and production. The succeeding chapters deal with the production theory, the applications of linear programming, theory of costs, and profits. Other chapters explore the fundamentals of perfect and imperfect competition, the issues of pricing, and decision making under uncertainty. The final chapters discuss some factors of production and marketing, the link between the so-called “general equilibrium” and welfare economics, and some economic regulation. This book will be of value to economists and business managers.

    • Algebraic Geometry and Commutative Algebra

      • 1st Edition
      • May 10, 2014
      • Hiroaki Hijikata + 2 more
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 4 0 5 8 9
      • eBook
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 6 5 0 5 6
      Algebraic Geometry and Commutative Algebra in Honor of Masayoshi Nagata presents a collection of papers on algebraic geometry and commutative algebra in honor of Masayoshi Nagata for his significant contributions to commutative algebra. Topics covered range from Weierstrass models and endomorphism algebras of abelian varieties to the generic Torelli theorem for hypersurfaces in compact irreducible hermitian symmetric spaces. Coarse moduli spaces for curves are also discussed, along with discriminants of curves of genus 2 and arithmetic surfaces. Comprised of 14 chapters, this volume begins by describing a basic fibration as a Weierstrass model, with emphasis on elliptic threefolds with a section. The reader is then introduced to canonical bundles of analytic surfaces of class VII0 with curves; Lifting Problem on ideal-adically complete noetherian rings; and the canonical ring of a curve. Subsequent chapters deal with algebraic surfaces for regular systems of weights; elementary transformations of algebraic vector bundles; the irreducibility of the first differential equation of Painlevé; and F-pure normal rings of dimension two. The book concludes with an assessment of the existence of some curves. This monograph will be a useful resource for practitioners and researchers in algebra and geometry.

    • Introduction to Group Theory with Applications

      • 1st Edition
      • May 10, 2014
      • Gerald Burns
      • Allen M. Alper + 1 more
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 1 7 5 6 8 3
      • eBook
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 1 9 1 4 9 2
      Introduction to Group Theory with Applications covers the basic principles, concepts, mathematical proofs, and applications of group theory. This book is divided into 13 chapters and begins with discussions of the elementary topics related to the subject, including symmetry operations and group concepts. The succeeding chapters deal with the properties of matrix representations of finite groups, the vibrations of molecular and crystals, vibrational wave function, selection rules, and molecular approximations. These topics are followed by reviews of the basic of quantum mechanics, crystal field theory, atomic physics, hybrid functions, and molecular orbital theory. The last chapters describe the symmetry of crystal lattices, the band theory of solids, and the full rotation group. This book will be of value to undergraduate mathematics and physics students.

    • Economics and Human Welfare

      • 1st Edition
      • May 10, 2014
      • Michael J. Boskin
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 3 6 4 3 8
      • eBook
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 6 1 0 0 3
      Economic Theory, Econometrics, and Mathematical Economics: Economics and Human Welfare: Essays in Honor of Tibor Scitovsky focuses on the principles, influence, and contributions of Tibor Scitovsky on economics. The selection first elaborates on welfare economics and microeconomic theory, property rights doctrine and demand revelation under incomplete information, and experiments in the pricing of theater tickets. Discussions focus on the effect on audience composition, volume, and revenues, failure of bargaining under privacy, growing disenchantment with economic growth, and bargaining as a game of incomplete information. The text then takes a look at economics and the transformation of the idea of progress and changes in the size distribution of income. The text ponders on welfare criteria, distribution, and cost- benefit analysis; position of ethics in the theory of production; and rationing and price as methods of restricting demand for specific products. Topics include excise taxation with revenue distributed like rations; private and social returns to morality; effect of changes in the cost of organization and communication; and logical and historical foundation of the theory of the welfare state. The selection is highly recommended for economists and researchers interested in pursuing studies on the relationship of economics and human welfare.

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