Associative Networks

List of Contributors

Foreword

Preface

Part I Overview and General Systems

On the Epistemological Status of Semantic Networks

Introduction


1. A Look at the Evolution of Semantic Networks


2. "One Man's Ceiling Is Another Man's Floor"


3. An Epistemologically Explicit Representation

Conclusions

References

Encoding Knowledge in Partitioned Networks

I. Introduction

II. Background and Motivation

III. Basic Network Notions

IV. Partitioning

V. Structures for Logical Deduction

VI. Inheriting Information

VII. Structures for Judgmental Reasoning

VIII. Structures for Reasoning About Processes

IX. Structures for Natural Language Understanding

X. Linearized Net Notation

XI. Implementation

XII. Conclusion

References

A Procedural Semantics for Semantic Networks


1. Introduction


2. Components


3. Organization


4. Metaclasses


5. Inheritance


6. Programs


7. Conclusions

References

The Structure and Organization of a Semantic Net for Comprehension and Inference


1. Introduction


2. A Comprehensive Network Formalism


3. Network Form and Content


4. Organizing Propositions for Inference


5. Implementations


6. Concluding Discussion

References

Part II Theoretically Oriented Efforts

The SNePS Semantic Network Processing System


1. Introduction


2. Basic Representation


3. Inference


4. Parsing and Generating


5. An Example Application—Clue


6. Summary

References

A Predicate Calculus Based Semantic Network for Deductive Searching


1. Introduction


2. Semantic Categories


3. The Representation of Semantics—The Semantic Network


4. Semantic Unification


5. An Illustrative Example


6. Related Work in Semantic Networks


7. Summary

References

Making Preferences More Active

Introduction


1. A Brief Recap of the Processes of the Preference Semantics System


2. Preference-Breaking Already Accommodated in the System


3. Pseudotexts: A Simple Projection System


4. Some Control Issues


5. An Environment for Implementing These Suggestions


6. Relation to Other Systems


7. Discussion

References

Extensional Semantic Networks: Their Representation, Application, and Generation

Introduction


1. Concepts and Relations


2. Extensional Semantic Networks


3. Applicability of ESNs


4. Automatic Generation of Semantic Networks


5. Conclusion

References

Part III Areas of Application

A Heuristic Information Retrieval System Based on Associative Networks


1. Introduction


2. On Some Preliminary Work


3. Design Principles of IRUHS-1


4. System Description


5. Overview and Final Comments

Appendix

References

Re: The Gettysburg Address Representing Social and Political Acts


1. Introduction


2. Triangles


3. Social ACTs


4. Progress: Static Descriptions


5. Relationships Between Authorities and Their Constituents


6. The Gettysburg Address


7. The Use of Triangles


8. Conclusion

Appendix—Conceptual Dependency Notation

References

Rule Forms for Verse, Sentences, and Story Trees


1. Introduction


2. POGEN for Sense and Nonsense


3. From Sentence to Network to Sentence


4. Story Trees


5. Computational Aspects of Semantic Networks and Story Trees


6. Some Rules for Story Trees


7. An Interpreter for Story Grammars


8. Discussion and Conclusions

References

On Representing Commonsense Knowledge

Introduction

I. What Is Commonsense Knowledge?

II. What Is Representing Knowledge?

III. Design Features of Commonsense Representations

IV. Partial Order

V. Route Description

VI. Conclusion

References

Representations to Aid Distributed Understanding in a Multiprogram System


1. Background


2. The Yale Artificial Intelligence Project


3. Choosing Responses


4. Distributed Understanding


5. Processing Notes


6. Discussion


7. Conclusion

References

Five Aspects of a Full-Scale Story Comprehension Model


1. Introduction


2. Parsing: A New Model


3. Meaning Representation of Language and Inference


4. Reference


5. Inference and Inference Conditioning


6. Predictions and Pattern Matching


7. Summary and Conclusion

References