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Elsevier

Books in Physics

Physics titles offer comprehensive research and advancements across the fundamental and applied areas of physical science. From quantum mechanics and particle physics to astrophysics and materials science, these titles drive innovation and deepen understanding of the principles governing the universe. Essential for researchers, educators, and students, this collection supports scientific progress and practical applications across a diverse range of physics disciplines.

  • Strongly Coupled Plasma Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • S. Ichimaru
    • English
    Charged particles in dense matter exhibit strong correlations due to the exchange and Coulomb interactions, and thus make a strongly coupled plasma. Examples in laboratory and astrophysical settings include solid and liquid metals, semiconductors, charged particles in lower dimensions such as those trapped in interfacial states of condensed matter or beams, dense multi-ionic systems such a superionic conductors and inertial-confinement... plasmas . The aim of the conference was to elucidate the various physical processes involved in these dense materials. The subject areas covered include plasma physics, atomic and molecular physics, condensed matter physics and astrophysics.

  • Nuclear Structure

    • 1st Edition
    • William Hornyak
    • English
    Nuclear Structure covers material usually discussed in courses about nuclear structure. The presentation, although recommends and not necessarily requires the reader to have some knowledge of introductory nuclear physics at an elementary or undergraduate level, requires a good knowledge of the elements of quantum mechanics, including an introduction to Dirac theory. The text covers topics such as nucleon-nucleon forces, the boson-exchange model, high-energy electron scattering, and the single particle shell model. Also covered are topics such as single-particle potentials, spin-orbit interactions, the individual-particle model, states of different nuclei, electromagnetic interactions with nuclei, and beta-decay. The book is recommended for nuclear physics students who have background knowledge on nuclear structure and would like to know more about the topic.

  • Internal Conversion Processes

    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph Hamilton
    • English
    Internal Conversion Processes documents the proceedings of the International Conference on the Internal Conversion Process held at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee on May 10-13, 1965. This compilation discusses the internal conversion theory; experimental methods for the determination of internal conversion coefficients; and conversion electron-gamma directional correlation. Other topics include the application of the internal-external conversion (IEC) method to the lens-type spectrometer; anomalies of E2 conversion coefficients in the deformed-nucleus region; and conversion coefficients of mixed E2-M1 rotational transitions. The anomalous El conversion; internal conversion electrons from primary fission fragments; particle parameters measured in pure transitions; and survey of El transitions in the rare earth region are also discussed in this book. This publication is a good reference for nuclear physicists and researchers conducting work on the various types of measurements that involve internal conversion electrons.

  • Ion Beam Modification of Materials

    • 1st Edition
    • J.S. Williams + 2 more
    • English
    This conference consisted of 15 oral sessions, including three plenary papers covering areas of general interest, 22 specialist invited papers and 51 contributed presentations as well as three poster sessions. There were several scientific highlights covering a diverse spectrum of materials and ion beam processing methods. These included a wide range of conventional and novel applications such as: optical displays and opto-electronics, motor vehicle and tooling parts, coatings tailored for desired properties, studies of fundamental defect properties, the production of novel (often buried) compounds, and treating biomedical materials. The study of nanocrystals produced by ion implantation in a range of host matrices, particularly for opto-electronics applications, was one especially new and exciting development. Despite several decades of study, major progress was reported at the conference in understanding defect evolution in semiconductors and the role of defects in transient impurity diffusion. The use of implantation to tune or isolate optical devices and in forming optically active centres and waveguides in semiconductors, polymers and oxide ceramics was a major focus of several presentations at the conference. The formation of hard coatings by ion assisted deposition or direct implantation was also an area which showed much recent progress. Ion beam techniques had also developed apace, particularly those based on plasma immersion ion implantation or alternative techniques for large area surface treatment. Finally, the use of ion beams for the direct treatment of cancerous tissue was a particularly novel and interesting application of ion beams.

  • Recent Crustal Movements, 1977

    • 1st Edition
    • C.A. Whitten
    • English
    Recent Crustal Movements, 1977 is a compilation of the proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Recent Crust Movements. This volume is comprised of 50 papers and 38 abstracts, in addition to a special report about the RCM Symposium and the report of the Fennoscandian Subcommission. This volume is subdivided into eight parts. The first part presents the opening remarks at the symposium and the special report of the Fennoscandian Subcommission of the Commission on Recent Crustal Movements. Locations included in this report are the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. Part two is about crustal deformation using extra-terrestrial geodesy. Part three explores the measurement of strain, tilt and gravity. The observed vertical crustal deformation is the focus of the fourth part. The second half of this volume focuses on geologic studies of Holocene deformation; observed horizontal crustal deformation; seismology; and, finally, experimental and theoretical models of interferometric methods for the measurement of distance in the study of recent crustal movements.

  • Qualitative Analysis of Physical Problems

    • 1st Edition
    • M Gitterman
    • English
    Qualitative Analysis of Physical Problems reviews the essential features of all the main approaches used for the qualitative analysis of physical problems and demonstrates their application to problems from a wide variety of fields. Topics covered include model construction, dimensional analysis, symmetry, and the method of the small parameter. This book consists of six chapters and begins by looking at various approaches for the construction of models, along with nontrivial applications of dimensional analysis to some typical model systems. The following chapters focus on the application of symmetry to the microscopic and macroscopic properties of systems; the implications of analyticity and occurrence of singularities; and some methods of deriving the magnitude of the solutions (that is, approximate numerical values) for problems that usually cannot be solved exactly in closed form. The final chapter demonstrates the use of qualitative analysis to address the problem of second harmonic generation in nonlinear optics. This monograph will be a useful resource for graduate students, experimental and theoretical physicists, chemists, engineers, college and high school teachers, and those who are interested in obtaining a general perspective of modern physics.

  • Introduction to Electron and Ion Optics

    • 1st Edition
    • Poul Dahl
    • English
    Introduction to Electron and Ion Optics provides the theoretical background needed to understand the subject matter and even be helpful in laboratory works. Seven major parts comprise the book where each focuses on a certain aspect or field. The book begins with an introduction to the general principles about electron and ion optics, specifically as basis for the design of the optical components used in particle analyzers and accelerators. The following parts tackle different aspects such as geometrical optics; scaling rules and dispersion coefficients; fields (paraxial, sector, fringing, quadrupole); lenses (electrostatic, immersion, unipotential, etc.); analyzers (electrostatic, spherical, etc.); and space charge and beam production. Towards the last part of the book, there is an exercises section where various problems are given for the reader to answer. This book caters to students specifically in the field of physics.

  • Fluctuation Phenomena

    • 1st Edition
    • E Montroll
    • English
    Studies in Statistical Mechanics, Volume VII: Fluctuation Phenomena Fluctuation explores different aspects of fluctuation behavior and their relation to microscopic processes and other phenomena, including the nucleation of a new phase following the quenching of a system into the coexistence region. It looks at phenomenological fluctuation theories, stochastic processes such as Markoff and momentless processes, and stochastic geometric aspects of amorphous solids. Comprised of five chapters, this volume begins with an overview of fluctuations and the Ehrenfest dog-flea model. It then turns to a discussion of density fluctuations in dilute gases, the Langevin theory of Brownian motion, and classical diffusion and random walks. It also systematically introduces the reader to the statistical mechanical theory of the kinetics of phase transitions, the molecular theory of metastability, and multidimensional continuous time random walks, along with the effect of boundaries and defects onf stochastic processes. In addition, it describes the phenomenological theory of the kinetics of nucleation and its application to nucleation, spinodal decomposition, and condensation. Other chapters focus on a stochastic model for the kinetics of phase transitions, the physical ideas used in theories of metastability, and the importance of dynamics in the study of metastability. The book explains how to estimate the escape rate and describes the statistical mechanics of clusters before concluding with a discussion of slowly-varying ensembles. This book is a valuable resource for students, physicists, and researchers who want to gain more knowledge and learn about statistical mechanics in general and fluctuation phenomena in particular.

  • Advances in Microwaves V5

    • 1st Edition
    • Leo Young
    • English
    Advances in Microwaves, Volume 5 is a three-chapter text that covers low microwave frequencies used to accelerate elementary particles and centimeter and millimeter waves for exploring atmospheric phenomena, as well as the microwave demodulation of light. Chapter 1 describes high-speed photodetectors whose modulation frequency response extends into the microwave region. This chapter focuses on the fundamental principles of specific detectors whose performance is sufficiently close to fundamental limits to assure their staying power. Chapter 2 examines radiometric fundamentals associated with the frequency spectrum, with particular emphasis on the 3 cm to 3 mm wavelength region. Chapter 3 discusses the conditions in which hybrid waves traveling at the velocity of light can exist in a homogeneous isotropic medium. This chapter also explores the design requirements of deflectors. Discussions on transformation of Maxwell’s equations for a traveling wave in a gyroelectric or gyromagnetic medium and consistent solutions of the scalar wave equation are provided in the supplementary texts.

  • Electronics of Microwave Tubes

    • 1st Edition
    • W Kleen
    • English
    Electronics of Microwave Tubes presents the fundamentals of microwave tubes. This book explains, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the effects governing the operation of microwave tubes used in telecommunications, including tubes in circuits, properties of resonant circuits, and delay lines used as tube elements. Other topics covered include electron motion in static fields; exchange of power between electron streams and periodic electric fields; and ballistic treatment of electron bunching in regions free from radio-frequency fields. The diodes and grid-controlled tubes; modulation of electron streams by traveling waves in the absence of static transverse fields; and interaction between electron beams and traveling waves in crossed electric and magnetic fields are also elaborated. This text likewise discusses the practical applications of microwave tubes; microwave resonant circuits; delay lines; and electron beams and electron guns. This publication is a good reference for students, physicists, and engineers interested in the field of microwave tubes.

  • Plasma Waves

    • 1st Edition
    • D.G. Swanson
    • English
    Plasma Waves discusses the basic development and equations for the many aspects of plasma waves. The book is organized into two major parts, examining both linear and nonlinear plasma waves in the eight chapters it encompasses. After briefly discussing the properties and applications of plasma wave, the book goes on examining the wave types in a cold, magnetized plasma and the general forms of the dispersion relation that characterize the waves and label the various types of solutions. Chapters 3 and 4 analyze the acoustic phenomena through the fluid model of plasma and the kinetic effects. These chapters also describe the averaging process for the fluid element motion using expanded Boltzmann equation for each species in a velocity moment expansion, truncating the expansion at some suitable level, depending on the particular problem. The remaining four chapters discuss the effects of adding sharp boundaries, slowly varying inhomogeneities, nonlinearities at several levels, and turbulent plasmas. Supplementary texts on complex variables and the special functions in plasma physics are provided in the concluding section of this text. The book is an advanced text for graduate students who have had an introductory plasma course at some level.

  • An Introduction to Solid State Diffusion

    • 1st Edition
    • Richard J. Borg + 1 more
    • English
    The energetics and mechanisms of diffusion control the kinetics of such diverse phenomena as the fabrication of semiconductors and superconductors, the tempering of steel, geological metamorphism, the precipitation hardening of nonferrous alloys and corrosion of metals and alloys. This work explains the fundamentals of diffusion in the solid state at a level suitable for upper-level undergraduate and beginning graduate students in materials science, metallurgy, mineralogy, and solid state physics and chemistry. A knowledge of physical chemistry such as is generally provided by a one-year undergraduate course is a prerequisite, though no detailed knowledge of solid state physics or crystallography is required.

  • Physical Acoustics V2B

    Principles and Methods
    • 1st Edition
    • Warren P. Mason
    • English
    Physical Acoustics: Principles and Methods, Volume II, Part B: Properties of Polymers and Nonlinear Acoustics presents the applications of the methods for detecting and generating sound waves. This book deals with more closely packed materials than found in liquid, which retain the ability to perform some atomic movements. Comprised of six chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the significant method for measuring nonlinearities in liquids and solids in the light diffraction method. This text then describes the basic generalization of linear viscoelastic theory, which is the only theory with enough power, range, and simplicity to be of use in relating the mechanical properties as a whole. Other chapters consider the phenomena that are observed during time-dependent dilatation of amorphous polymers and discuss the relationship of this behavior to that observed during shearing deformation. The final chapter deals with the distortion of the ultrasonic waveform arising from nonlinearity. Physicists and researchers will find this book useful.

  • Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on High Energy Physics ICHEP 2002

    • 1st Edition
    • S. Bentvelsen + 3 more
    • English
    The first precision measurements on CP violation in the B system are reported. Both the BELLE and the BABAR collaboration presented, among others, results for sin 2ß with much improved accuracy. Results from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, SNO, also deserve to be mentioned. The convincing evidence of solar neutrino oscillations had been presented by SNO prior to the conference; a full presentation was given at the conference. An incredibly precise measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon is reported, a fresh result from the Brookhaven National Laboratory. Apart from these distinct physics highlights, there are also the first results from the new Tevatron run and from the relativistic heavy ion collider RHIC. Theorists write of our ever better understanding of the Standard Model and of what might lie beyond. Risky as it is to highlight only a couple of exciting subjects, it is merely meantto whet the appetite for further reading.

  • U-Shaped Behavioral Growth

    • 1st Edition
    • Ruth Stavy
    • English
    U-Shaped Behavioral Growth discusses a phenomenon called “U-shaped behavioral growth”, in which some behaviors appear, disappear, and then reappear over time. This book covers structuralist approaches, production system models of information processing, rule systems approach, nativism, and a model of how maturation factors may influence U-shaped behavioral growth. A broad range of content domains that compare where there is and there is no overlap in the understanding of the developmental processes occurring in U-shaped behavioral growth is also included. The domains considered include the development of physical and musical concepts, metaphor production, artistic production, face perception, social cognition, and language acquisition. This publication is a good reference for psychologists, psychiatrists, and medical practitioners conducting work on the U-shaped behavioral growth.

  • The Method of Second Quantization

    • 1st Edition
    • F.A. Berazin
    • English
    The Method of Second Quantization deals with the method of second quantization and its use to solve problems of quantum mechanics involving an indefinite number of particles, mainly in field theory and quantum statistics. Topics covered include operations on generating functionals; linear canonical transformations; quadratic operators; and Thirring's four-fermion model. State spaces and the simplest operators are also described. This book is comprised of four chapters and begins with an overview of the method of second quantization and the relevant notations. The first chapter focuses on the connections between vectors and functionals and between operators and functionals, together with fundamental rules for operating on functionals. The reader is then introduced to the so-called quadratic operators and the linear canonical transformations closely connected with them. Quadratic operators reduced and not reduced to normal form are considered. The final chapter discusses the Thirring model, the simplest relativistically invariant model in quantum field theory, and explains why it includes infinities. This monograph will be of value to students and practitioners of mathematical physics.

  • A Course In Statistical Thermodynamics

    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph Kestin
    • English
    A Course in Statistical Thermodynamics explores the physical aspects of the methodology of statistical thermodynamics without the use of advanced mathematical methods. This book is divided into 14 chapters that focus on a correct statement of the Gibbsian ensemble theory couched in quantum-mechanical terms throughout. The introductory chapters emphasize the concept of equilibrium, phase space, the principle of their quantization, and the fundamentals of quantum mechanics and spectroscopy. These topics are followed by an exposition of the statistical method, revealing that the structure of the physical theory is closely modeled on mathematical statistics. A chapter focuses on stationary ensembles and the restatement of the First, Second, and Third Law of Thermodynamics. The remaining chapters highlight the various specialized applications of statistical thermodynamics, including real and degenerate gases, simple solids, radiation, magnetic systems, nonequilibrium states, and fluctuations. These chapters also provide a rigorous derivation of Boltzmann's equation, the H-theorem, and the vexing paradox that arises when microscopic reversibility must be reconciled with irreversible behavior in the large. This book can be used for two semesters in the junior or senior years, or as a first-year graduate course in statistical thermodynamics.

  • Ultrasensitive Laser Spectroscopy

    • 1st Edition
    • David Kliger
    • English
    Ultrasensitive Laser Spectroscopy covers the experimental methods involved in various sensitive techniques to which lasers have been applied for the study of weak transitions. This book is organized into seven chapters. Each chapter discusses the theories, experiments, and application of the specific technique. A discussion on the advantages, disadvantages, and modifications made in each technique is also provided. Ultrasensitive techniques considered in this text include photoacoustic, one- and two-photon excitation, absorption, mass, and laser ionization spectroscopies. Other chapters examine the techniques of laser intracavity-enhanced... laser absorption, and emission spectroscopy. This book will be of value to spectroscopists, analytical chemists, and researchers in the field of ultrasensitive analysis.

  • Stratified Flows

    • 1st Edition
    • Chia-Shun Yih
    • English
    Stratified Flows is the second edition of the book Dynamics of Nonhomogenous Fluids. This book discusses the flow of a fluid of variable density or entropy in a gravitational field. In this edition, corrections have been made; unnecessary parts have been omitted; and new sections as well as notes on results related to the subject have been added. This book includes a general discussion of the effects of density or entropy and the structure of stratified flows; waves of small amplitude; the Eigenvalue problem; dependence of phase velocity on wavelength; wave motion; steady flows of finite amplitude; and types of solutions for steady flows. This edition also covers other topics such as hydrodynamic stability; flows in porous media; and the analogy between gravitational and electromagnetic forces. This text is recommended for those in the field of physics who would like to be familiarized with stratified flows and its related concepts.

  • Particle Physics: An Introduction

    • 1st Edition
    • M Leon
    • English
    Particle Physics: An Introduction provides information pertinent to particle physics, including symmetries, quantum mechanics, particle kinematics, and wave equations. This book explains the Lorentz transformation, which relates events as seen in two inertial coordinate systems. Comprised of 12 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the general relationship between energy and momentum. This text then explains the various components of the electric and magnetic fields, which are related by Maxwell's equations. Other chapters review the abstract formalism of quantum mechanics as well as explain the functions of cross sections and decay rates in particle physics. This book discusses as well the function of quantum field theory in predicting S-matrix elements and cross sections that can be compared with experiments. The final chapter deals with strong interaction dynamics as well as introduces Regge poles and dispersion relations. Seniors and graduate students involved in the study of physics will find this book extremely useful.

  • Theory of Orbit

    The Restricted Problem of Three Bodies
    • 1st Edition
    • Victory Szebehely
    • English
    Theory of Orbits: The Restricted Problem of Three Bodies is a 10-chapter text that covers the significance of the restricted problem of three bodies in analytical dynamics, celestial mechanics, and space dynamics. The introductory part looks into the use of three essentially different approaches to dynamics, namely, the qualitative, the quantitative, and the formalistic. The opening chapters consider the formulation of equations of motion in inertial and in rotating coordinate systems, as well as the reductions of the problem of three bodies and the corresponding streamline analogies. These topics are followed by discussions on the regularization and writing of equations of motion in a singularity-free systems; the principal qualitative aspect of the restricted problem of the curves of zero velocity; and the motion and nonlinear stability in the neighborhood of libration points. This text further explores the principles of Hamiltonian dynamics and its application to the restricted problem in the extended phase space. A chapter treats the problem of two bodies in a rotating coordinate system and treats periodic orbits in the restricted problem. Another chapter focuses on the comparison of the lunar and interplanetary orbits in the Soviet and American literature. The concluding chapter is devoted to modifications of the restricted problem, such as the elliptic, three-dimensional, and Hill’s problem. This book is an invaluable source for astronomers, engineers, and mathematicians.

  • Hypersonic Flow Theory

    • 1st Edition
    • Wallace Hayes
    • English
    Hypersonic Flow Theory presents the fundamentals of fluid mechanics, focusing on the hypersonic flow theory and approaches in theoretical aerodynamics. This book discusses the assumptions underlying hypersonic flow theory, unified supersonic-hypersoni... similitude, two-dimensional and axisymmetric bodies, and circular cylinder. The constant-streamtube-... approximation, streamtube-continuit... methods, and tangent-wedge and tangent-cone are also deliberated. This text likewise covers the similar laminar boundary layer solutions, bluntness induced interactions on slender bodies, and free molecule transfer theory. The dynamics of hypersonic flight or hypersonic wing theory, magnetohydrodynamic theory, or any developments involving treatment of the Boltzmann equation are not included. This publication is intended for hypersonic aerodynamicists, students, and researchers conducting work on the hypersonic flow phenomena.

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electron Spin Resonance Spectra

    • 1st Edition
    • Herbert Hershenson
    • English
    Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electron Spin Resonance Spectra, Index for 1958-1963 contains 8000 references to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra published in 67 worldwide journals and two collections from 1958 to 1963. This index aims to provide a means for the location of published NMR and ESR spectra, listing references as simple as possible for cross-sectioning purposes of average users. Each reference consists of an abbreviated symbol of the journal, volume number, and page where an actual spectrum of the compound mentioned may be found. This compilation is arranged alphabetically according to the compounds whose spectra are given. In the case of inorganic compounds, solution spectra are normally indexed according to the ion that contributes the significant absorption. This publication is suitable for chemistry students and specialists researching on NMR and ESR.

  • Nuclear, Particle and Many Body Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Philip Morse
    • English
    Nuclear, Particle, and Many Body Physics, Volume I is a collection of scientific papers dedicated to the memory of Amos de-Shalit, a distinguished physicist. The book contains chapters that discuss various studies in the field of nuclear and particle physics. The text covers such topics as chemical binding in classical Coulomb lattices; algebraic treatment of subsidiary conditions in dual resonance models; the complete Schwarzschild solution; the investigation of nucleon-nucleon correlations by means of high-energy scattering; and some aspects on the magnetic-dipole moments of states in near-spherical nuclei. Theoretical, experimental, and nuclear physicists, researchers, and students in the field of physics will find the book invaluable.

  • Laser Light Scattering

    Basic Principles and Practice
    • 2nd Edition
    • Benjamin Chu
    • English
    Laser Light Scattering: Basic Principles and Practice, Second Edition deals with the technical aspects of laser light scattering, including the basic principles and practice. Topics covered include light scattering theory, optical mixing spectrometry, photon correlation spectroscopy, and interferometry. Experimental methods and methods of data analysis are also described. This book is comprised of eight chapters and begins with a discussion on the interrelationship between laser light scattering and other types of scattering techniques that use X-rays and neutrons, with particular reference to momentum and energy transfers as well as time-averaged and time-dependent scattered intensity. The spectrum of scattered light and a single-particle approach to time-averaged scattered intensity are considered. The following chapters focus on photoelectric detection of the scattered electric field; optical mixing spectrometers; basic equations for photon correlation spectroscopy; and the principles of Fabry-Perot interferometry. The pertinent features of the experimental aspects of laser light scattering are also outlined, together with the Laplace inversion problem. The final chapter examines polymer molecular-weight distributions in relation to particle sizing. This monograph will be of interest to physicists.

  • The Auditory Periphery Biophysics and Physiology

    • 1st Edition
    • Peter Dallos
    • English
    The Auditory Periphery: Biophysics and Physiology is an attempt to provide comprehensive and detailed information regarding biophysics and physiology in terms of the peripheral auditory system. Eight detailed chapters are presented in the book where the first and last serve as introduction and summary. The introductory chapter provides background on the anatomy and functional organization of the auditory system. The second chapter illustrates the most common experimental techniques. A whole chapter is dedicated to the discussion of the middle ear, while Chapters 4 and 5 discuss cochlear mechanisms and potentials. The topic most studied but less understood in the operation of the ear is also emphasized in the book, which is the production of distortion. The topic of feedback mechanisms and systems is also covered. This book aims to be of help to various specialists such as biophysicists, bioengineers, physiologists, otolaryngologists, and speech and hearing scientists.

  • Electrons in Solids

    An Introductory Survey
    • 1st Edition
    • Richard Bube
    • English
    Electronics in Solids: An Introductory Survey presents a modern picture of electrons in solids using wave properties as the integrating theme of the conceptual background. It looks at lattice waves, light waves, and electron waves—along with their particle-like correlatives, phonons, photons, and electrons. The first chapters of the book provide a background on wave equations, boundary conditions, and general wave properties for the student so that the transition to the nonclassical world of quantum mechanics can be more easily assimilated. The last chapters examine optical properties, electrical properties, junctions, and magnetic properties of solids. This book is written for students of quantum mechanics and those examining the electrical, optical, and magnetic properties of solids, without relying too much on advanced knowledge on atomic or solid-state physics.

  • Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • T. Miyahara + 3 more
    • English
    These volumes contain 365 of the 505 papers presented at the VUV-11 Conference, held at Rikkyo University, Tokyo, from August 27th to September 1st 1995. The papers are divided into three sections: atomic and molecular spectroscopy, solid state spectroscopy and instrumentation and technological applications. New aspects presented were both quantitative and qualitative improvements in fluorescence spectroscopy and magnetic circular dichroism measurements. The fluorescence data are complementary to those of photoemission in a sense but they appear to open up a new method to analyze the optical excitation and relaxation processes. The application of magnetic circular dichroism has proved to be useful not only in analyzing the electronic structures of magnetic materials but also in practical applications to material engineering as found in experiments combined with photoelectron microscopy. Excellent developments in applications are only found in the field of surface photochemistry, where the technique of etching using VUV light has been appreciably refined.Although the majority of distinctive scientific features in the VUV-11 Conference have been brought about by the application of synchrotron radiation, experiments using a different type of light source appear to have progressed steadily. This is evident in the studies of plasma radiation.

  • The Plasma State

    • 1st Edition
    • Juda Shohet
    • English
    The Plasma State discusses the fundamental principles that describe plasma occurrence. The book reviews the plasma state, collisions, collisional processes, diffusion, mobility, Rutherford scattering, and the collision cross-section. The motion of isolated charged particles occurs in electrical, magnetic, or gravitational fields. During low plasma density and low background gas pressure, the collision frequency is also low. It is during this time that the single particle approach can be studied using a fundamental equation of motion. The text also discusses the problems encountered in the presence of extremely large numbers of particles, moving and interacting with one another. Other topics related to the statistics of collisions and fluid behavior are the collisionless Boltzmann equation, inclusion of collisional processes in statistical descriptions, and the "integrate out" of velocity dependence of the collisionless Boltzmann equation which gives a fluid model of a plasma. The book also describes the different acceleration processes, such as Coulomb collisions, electron or ion-neutral collisions, collective or wave phenomena, that all produce radiation. The text is suitable for students of physics, engineering, atomic physics.

  • Inversion Methods in Atmospheric Remote Sounding

    • 1st Edition
    • Adarsh Deepak
    • English
    Inversion Methods in Atmospheric Remote Sounding contains the technical proceedings of the First International Interactive Workshop on Inversion Methods in Atmospheric Remote Sounding, held in Williamsburg, Virginia, on December 15-17, 1976. The papers review the state of the art in inversion methods used in retrieving information about the atmosphere from remotely sensed data. The mathematical theory of inversion methods is described, together with the application of these methods to the remote sounding of atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, and gaseous and aerosol constituents. Comprised of 21 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to methods for solving problems in radiative transfer and multiple scattering, followed by a discussion on the problem of radiative transfer in a scattering plane-parallel atmosphere. The next section is devoted to the mathematical theory of inversion methods and considers some aspects of the inversion problem in remote sensing, along with the relaxation method for the inverse solution of nonlinear and linear transfer equations. The final section explores inversion methods in gaseous, thermal, and aerosol atmospheres, covering topics such as the Backus-Gilbert theory and its application to retrieval of ozone and temperature profiles; inversion of scattered radiance horizon profiles for gaseous concentrations and aerosol parameters; and inversion of passive microwave remote sensing data from satellites. This monograph will be of interest to scientists from universities, government agencies, and research laboratories.

  • Statistical Mechanics, Kinetic theory, and Stochastic Processes

    • 1st Edition
    • C.V. Heer
    • English
    Statistical Mechanics, Kinetic Theory, and Stochastic Processes presents the statistical aspects of physics as a "living and dynamic" subject. In order to provide an elementary introduction to kinetic theory, physical systems in which particle-particle interaction can be neglected are considered. Transport phenomena in the free-molecular flow region for gases and the transport of thermal radiation are discussed. Discrete random processes such as random walk, binomial and Poisson distributions, and throwing of dice are studied by means of the characteristic function. Comprised of 11 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to the mass point gas as well as some elementary properties of space and velocity distributions. The discussion then turns to radiation and its interaction with an atom; probability, statistics, and conditional probability; intermolecular interactions; transport phenomena; and statistical thermodynamics. Molecular systems at low densities are also considered, together with non-ideal and real gases; liquids and solids; and stochastic processes, noise, and fluctuations. In particular, the response of atoms and molecules to perturbations and scattering by crystals, liquids, and high-pressure gases are examined. This monograph will be useful for undergraduate students, practitioners, and researchers in physics.

  • Recent Developments in Quantum Field Theory

    • 1st Edition
    • J. Ambjorn + 2 more
    • English
    Theoretical particle physicists discuss the present status and,in particular, the latest developments in quantum field theory,in their broadest aspects. This volume contains the main lecturespresented at the symposium and reflects the contemporary statusof a line of development, one of whose initiators was Niels Bohr.

  • String Theory in Four Dimensions

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • M. Dine
    • English
    ``String Theory in Four Dimensions'' contains a representative collection of papers dealing with various aspects of string phenomenology, including compactifications on smooth manifolds and more general conformal field theories. Together with the lucid introduction by M. Dine, this material gives the reader a good working knowledge of our present ideas for connecting string theory to nature.

  • Gauge Theory and Defects in Solids

    • 1st Edition
    • D.G.B. Edelen + 1 more
    • English
    This new series Mechanics and Physics of Discrete Systems aims to provide a coherent picture of the modern development of discrete physical systems. Each volume will offer an orderly perspective of disciplines such as molecular dynamics, crystal mechanics and/or physics, dislocation, etc. Emphasized in particular are the fundamentals of mechanics and physics that play an essential role in engineering applications.Volume 1, Gauge Theory and Defects in Solids, presents a detailed development of a rational theory of the dynamics of defects and damage in solids. Solutions to field equations are used to determine stresses, dislocation densities and currents that arise from histories of loading of boundaries of bodies. Analysed in detail is a gauge theory with a gauge group that is not semi-simple, and whose action occurs at the classical macroscopic level. Yang-Mills theory is applied where the state variables are elastic displacements in solids, determination of mechanical and electromagnetic observables by choice of gauge conditions is demonstrated, and practices of classical dislocation theory are derived from first principles.

  • Introduction to Electrodynamics and Radiation

    • 1st Edition
    • Walter T. Jr. Grandy
    • English
    Introduction to Electrodynamics and Radiation introduces the reader to electrodynamics and radiation, with emphasis on the microscopic theory of electricity and magnetism. Nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics (QED) is presented as a logical outgrowth of the classical theory, both relativistic and nonrelativistic. The advanced mathematical and diagrammatic techniques of the relativistic quantum field theory are also described in a simple and easily understood manner. Comprised of 16 chapters, this book opens with an overview of the special theory of relativity and some of its consequences. The following chapters deal with classical relativistic electrodynamics, touching on topics such as tensor analysis and Riemannian spaces; radiation from charged particles; radiation scattering from electrons; and the classical theory of charged particles. The second part of the book is entirely quantum mechanical in outlook, beginning with the quantization of the Hamiltonian formulation of classical electrodynamics. The many-body formalism leading to Fock-space techniques is also considered, along with self-energies and renormalization. The final chapter is devoted to the covariant formulation of QED as well as the validity of QED. This monograph is written primarily for graduate students in elementary classical and quantum mechanics, electricity and magnetism, and modern physics courses.

  • Quarkonia

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 9
    • W. Buchmüller
    • English
    The discovery of the two families of heavy-quark-antiquar... bound states, the &Ugr; and &PSgr; quarkonium spectroscopies, has played a crucial role in unravelling the nature of strong interactions. The articles collected together in this volume are concerned with the connection between quarkonia and quantum chromodynamics. They deal with potential models, spin-dependent forces, next-to-leading order QCD corrections for decay widths and energy level differences, hadronic transitions and the quark-antiquark interaction in QCD, based on perturbation theory, lattice gauge theory and QCD sum rules. Finally, a brief guide is given to the existing literature on possible new quarkonium systems which have been conjectured in connection with gluonic degrees of freedom, and with expectations for new heavy particles with colour, such as the top quark and scalar quarks.

  • Seismology: Body Waves and Sources

    • 1st Edition
    • Bruce Bolt
    • English
    Methods in Computational Physics, Volume 12: Seismology: Body Waves and Sources is a six-chapter text that covers the numerical solution of some major problems on seismic body wave propagation and generation in the Earth. Chapter 1 considers the power of the computer to trace out detailed seismic response by means of ray theory, based from the results gathered in Soviet Union and the Continent. Chapter 2 exposes the finite difference methods employed to obtain complete theoretical seismograms for a source in a layered half-space, in wedges, and in a sphere, along with an outline of normal mode solutions for a source in a sphere and the ray expansion method. Chapter 3 discusses the theory and method of solution of the signals diffracted by the Earth's core using the response integral, the differential equations, and boundary conditions. This chapter deals also with the method of finding numerically the reflection coefficient in an inhomogeneous model. Chapter 4 describes a method for finding seismic velocity distributions that fit a given set of data and having found such distributions how to quantitatively assess their degree of uncertainty, such as their uniqueness. Chapter 5 surveys the theory of an observational technique for studying earthquake mechanism, while Chapter 6 provides a summary of theories of seismology and the important computational techniques together with some of their applications to seismic-source studies. This book will be greatly appreciated by geoscientists, physicists, and mathematicians.

  • An Introduction To Solar Radiation

    • 1st Edition
    • Muhammad Iqbal
    • English
    An Introduction to Solar Radiation is an introductory text on solar radiation, with emphasis on the methods of calculation for determining the amount of solar radiation incident on a surface on the earth. Topics covered include the astronomical relationship between the sun and the earth; thermal radiation; the solar constant and its spectral distribution; and extraterrestrial solar irradiation. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with an overview of the trigonometric relationships between the sun-earth line and the position of an inclined surface, followed by a discussion on the characteristics of blackbody radiation. The next chapter focuses on the solar constant and its spectral distribution, paying particular attention to extraterrestrial solar spectral irradiance and the sun's blackbody temperature. Subsequent chapters explore extraterrestrial and radiation incident on inclined planes; the optics of a cloudless-sky atmosphere; solar spectral radiation and total (broadband) radiation under cloudless skies; and solar radiation arriving at horizontal surfaces on the earth through cloudy skies. The ground albedo and its spectral and angular variation are also described, along with insolation on inclined surfaces. The last chapter is devoted to instruments for measuring solar radiation, including pyrheliometers and pyranometers. This monograph will serve as a useful guide for energy analysts, designers of thermal devices, architects and engineers, agronomists, and hydrologists as well as senior graduate students.

  • Hadamard transform optics

    • 1st Edition
    • Martin Harwit
    • English
    Hadamard Transform Optics focuses on Hadamard transform optics and Hadamard encoded optical instruments. The techniques developed to date are described, and a unified mathematical treatment that should facilitate comparisons between different classes of instruments is presented. With this approach, encoded Hadamard transform spectrometers are discussed in very much the same way as encoded imaging devices. The advantages offered by singly and multiply encoded instruments designed for a wide variety of purposes are also considered. This book is comprised of seven chapters and begins with an introduction to optical multiplexing techniques, as well as the connections with weighing designs, along with the best masks for use in optical instruments and the improvement in signal-to-noise ratio that should be produced by multiplexing. Spectrometers which make use of multiplexing, including the Michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometers and Golay's multislit spectrometers, are then described. Subsequent chapters deal with the basic theory of Hadamard transform spectrometers and imagers; factors that affect the signal-to-noise ratio; and instrumental considerations and systematic errors in instruments. The final chapter looks at some of the applications of Hadamard transform optics, including image processing and in fields such as astronomy and medicine. This monograph will be a useful resource for physicists.

  • The Earth's Ionosphere

    Plasma Physics and Electrodynamics
    • 1st Edition
    • Michael Kelly
    • English
    The Earth's Ionosphere: Plasma Physics and Electrodynamics emphasizes the study of plasma physics and electrodynamics of the ionosphere, including many aeronomical influences. The ionosphere is somewhat of a battleground between the earth's neutral atmosphere and the sun's fully ionized atmosphere, in which the earth is embedded. One of the challenges of ionosphere research is to know enough about these two vast fields of research to make sense out of ionospheric phenomena. This book provides insights into how these competing sources of mass, momentum, and energy compete for control of the ionosphere. Some of the topics discussed include the fundamentals of ionospheric plasma dynamics; equatorial plasma instabilities; high-latitude electrodynamics; and instabilities and structure in the high-latitude ionosphere. Throughout this text only the region above 90 km are discussed, ignoring the D region entirely. This publication is a good source of information for students and individuals conducting research on earth’s ionosphere.

  • Nuclear Research With Low Energy Accelerators

    • 1st Edition
    • Jerry Marion
    • English
    Nuclear Research with Low Energy Accelerators describes the various programs using low energy accelerators. This book discusses the various techniques and instruments that are available, including beam pulsing or the use of sophisticated high-resolution detecting systems. Comprised of 23 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the application of lithium-drifted germanium gamma-ray detectors in single detector systems from the perspective of obtaining optimum performance. This text then discusses the nuclear electromagnetic transition probabilities that can be measured by different methods, including Coulomb excitation, electron scattering, and nuclear resonance fluorescence. Other chapters explain the general characteristics and geometry of a coincidence–anticoin... spectrometer. This book discusses as well the different uses of magnetic spectrometers in experimental studies of nuclear physics. The final chapter deals with the easy access to fast digital computers to obtain more sophisticated raw information. This book is a valuable resource for physicists, nuclear physicists, and astrophysicists.

  • Films on Solid Surfaces

    The Physics and Chemistry of Physical Adsorption
    • 1st Edition
    • J.G. Dash
    • English
    Films on Solid Surfaces presents the physics and chemistry of physical adsorption. This book contains 10 chapters that are ordered according to the flow of a course given in a graduate study in University of Washington during 1973. The introductory chapter presents the motivation for the completion of the book. As the motivating factors are established, the book follows with the topic on atomic nature of physical adsorption and the states of single adsorbed atoms. A review of experimental techniques for the study of solid surfaces and films is given, as well as a discussion of substrate preparation and equilibrium thermodynamics. The various states of films and their phase transitions encompass four chapters. Lastly, the book also reviews thin film superfluidity. This book specifically caters to scientists in the fields of physics and biology working on physical adsorption and surface science.

  • Electron Beams, Lenses, and Optics

    • 1st Edition
    • A El-Kareh
    • English
    Electron Beams, Lenses, and Optics, Volume I deals with the physics of electron beams, lenses, and optics and covers topics ranging from the paraxial ray in symmetrical electric fields to the analytical determination of electrostatic fields. The general properties of electrostatic lenses and the electrostatic immersion lens are also considered. Each equation except one is derived from first principles. To emphasize the physics of the discussions, elementary mathematics is used as much as possible. Comprised of eight chapters, this volume begins with an introduction to the laws that govern electron beams and light rays, including Snell's law. Some fundamental limitations to the analogy between electron optics and light optics are evaluated, together with electron rays in plane symmetrical and in rotationally symmetrical fields. Subsequent chapters explore the general properties of electrostatic lenses and electrostatic immersion lenses; electrostatic unipotential lenses; and formation of optical images by rotationally symmetrical magnetic fields. The final chapter is devoted to the symmetrical magnetic lens and its magnetic scalar potential, paying particular attention to the flux density along the z axis and factors to consider in the design of the pole pieces. This book will be of interest to students, practitioners, and researchers in physics.

  • Quantum Theory of the Solid State A

    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph Callaway
    • English
    Quantum Theory of the Solid State, Part A, describes the concepts and methods, and introduces some of the central problems of the quantum theory of solids. This work is intended to be a single intellectual unit, although for reasons of convenience it has been divided into two parts. Part A contains much of the formalism required for the theoretical study of solids; Part B is oriented toward more specific problems. The present volume includes phenomenological treatments of lattice vibrations and magnetic order; a discussion of symmetry groups; and a description of the properties of one-electron wave functions and the principal techniques for calculating energy levels. Fairly lengthy bibliographies have been included at the end of each chapter to assist readers in making their way through the more specialized periodical literature. This book should be suitable as a textbook for students who have completed a one-year course in quantum mechanics and have some familiarity with the experimental facts of solid state physics. It should also be useful as a reference work.

  • Electron Scattering From Complex Nuclei V36B

    • 1st Edition
    • Herbert Uberall
    • English
    Electron Scattering from Complex Nuclei, Part B is a three-chapter text that explores the excitation of the nucleus to bound levels and the nucleus breakup through particle emission from continuum states. The first chapter discusses the inelastic scattering to nuclear levels, the giant resonances, the concepts of radiative corrections, and the phase shift analysis for inelastic scattering. The subsequent chapter concerns the quasi-elastic continuum and the observations of the nuclear decay products. The last chapter presents special topics on electron scattering, such as dispersion and exchange corrections, sum rules, and isospin effects. Physicists, researchers, and graduate students will find this book invaluable.

  • Quantum Mechanics For Applied Physics And Engineering

    • 1st Edition
    • Albert T. Jr. Fromhold
    • English
    Quantum Mechanics for Applied Physics and Engineering is devoted to the use of quantum mechanics in applied physics and engineering. Topics covered include elementary quantum theory, quantum statistics and many-particle systems, and energy bands in crystals. Approximation techniques for the Schrödinger equation are also described. Comprised of seven chapters, this book opens with an overview of basic quantum mechanics and includes a discussion on wave-particle duality, probability current density, and periodic boundary conditions. Quantum statistics is then considered as a prelude to the free-electron theory of metals, along with the use of perturbation theory to evaluate modifications in free-electron theory. The following chapters explore the use of WKB approximation to deduce the transmission coefficient for electron tunneling in solids; the theory of electronic energy bands; and the application of the Schrödinger equation to the problem of the periodic potential of a crystalline solid. Examples from solid-state physics are employed to illustrate specific applications and to demonstrate the principal results that can be deduced by means of quantum theory. This monograph is written primarily for engineers and applied physicists.

  • Relaxation in Magnetic Resonance

    Dielectric and Mossbauer Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Charles P. Jr. Poole
    • English
    Relaxation in Magnetic Resonance contains a series of lecture notes for a special topics course at the University of South Carolina in 1967. This book contains 21 chapters that summarize the main theoretical formulations and experimental results of magnetic resonance relaxation phenomena in several physical systems. This text deals first with the various methods in determining the relaxation behavior of the macroscopic spin system, such as Bloch equations, saturation methods, and transient resonant absorption. The subsequent chapters discuss the homogeneous and inhomogeneous resonant lines in solids and liquids and the significance of the Kubo-Tomita and Redfield theories in magnetic resonance. This book then considers the background research on electron spin resonance and relaxation in ionic solids. The concluding chapters explore the acoustic absorption coefficient and dielectric constant calculation; the relaxation processes in paramagnetic substance; and the characteristics of Mössbauer spectra and their application in magnetic relaxation. This book will be useful to both graduate students embarking upon thesis problems in relaxation and more advanced workers who seek an overall summary of the status of the field, as well as to physicists and chemists.

  • Experimental neutron resonance spectroscopy

    • 1st Edition
    • J Harvey
    • English
    Experimental Neutron Resonance Spectroscopy deals with the experimental technique of neutron resonance spectroscopy. Pulsed accelerator time-of-flight spectrometers and gamma rays from neutron capture in resonances are discussed. Total neutron cross section measurements are presented, along with neutron scattering and capture cross-section measurements and measurements on fissile nuclides. This book is comprised of five chapters and begins with an introduction to pulsed accelerator time-of-flight spectrometers with moderated continued neutron spectra, together with the pulsed Van De Graaff. Experimental techniques used for neutron cross section measurements, including detectors and data acquisition equipment, are then outlined. Scattering measurements and capture measurements as well as gamma-ray spectra from the capture of neutrons in resonances are considered. The final chapter focuses on the detailed and varied experiments that have been performed on the complicated fission process, together with the parameters of the resonances of the fissile nuclides. This monograph will be a useful resource for spectroscopists and physicists.

  • Elementary Processes at High Energy Pt A

    • 1st Edition
    • A Zichichi
    • English
    Elementary Processes at High Energy, Part A covers the proceedings of the eighth Course of The International School of Subnuclear Physics held in Erice, Italy, in July 1970. The said conference is focused on the study of phenomenological approaches to particle physics as well as other specialized topics in the field. The book is divided into three parts. Part 1 discusses electron position annihilators; weak interactions; and hadron processes at higher energies. Part 2 covers topics such as rigorous results from field theory and unitarity; finite theory of quantum electrodynamics; and models for hadronic reactions. Part 3 topics include gravitation; symmetry principles in physics; and electromagnetic production of hadronic resonances. The text is recommended for physicists, especially those who are interested in the developments in the field of particle physics.

  • Thermal Design Principles of Spacecraft and Entry Bodies

    • 1st Edition
    • Jerry Bevans
    • English
    Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, Volume 21: Thermal Design Principles of Spacecraft and Entry Bodies is a collection of technical papers drawn mainly from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Third Thermophysics Specialist Conference, held in Los Angeles, California on June 24-26, 1968 This volume is divided into three parts. The first part covers some aspects of thermal processes and design, including thermal analysis, convection, radiation, ablation, and space rocket effects. The second part surveys the remote measurements of the thermophysical and thermal radiation properties and joint conductance, which are critical criteria for space thermal design. The third part focuses on the space environmental effects on thermal coatings. This part deals first with the theory of radiative degradation, followed by a presentation of the laboratory measurements. This part also looks into the results of several flight experiments. This book will be of great value to thermophysicists, space engineers, and designers who are working in the space science fields.

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