Ultrasonic Measurement Methods

Contributors

Preface

Introduction


1 Radiated Fields of Ultrasonic Transducers


1. Introduction


2. Fields of Continuous-Wave (cw) Transducers


3. Transient Field Characteristics


4. Control of Transducer Spatial Field Characteristics

References


2 The Measurement of Ultrasonic Velocity


1. Introduction


2. Fundamentals of the Pulse-Echo-Overlap Measurement


3. Versatile Configurations


4. Modern Equipment


5. Diffraction Corrections


6. Absolute Accuracy


7. Summary

References


3 The Measurement of Ultrasonic Attenuation


1. Introduction


2. Fundamentals of Measurement


3. Experimental Situations to be Avoided


4. Diffraction Corrections to Transform Raw Data into Absolute Measurements


5. Buffer Rod Method


6. Beyond the Fundamentals


7. Summary

References


4 Physical Principles of Measurements with EMAT Transducers


1. Introduction


2. General Formalism for Discussion of Measurement Principles


3. Radiation into Half-Spaces


4. Coupling to Guided Modes


5. Operation in Magnetic Materials


6. Summary and Conclusions

References


5 Optical Detection of Ultrasound


1. Introduction


2. Encoding and Decoding Ultrasonic Information on an Optical Beam


3. Detection Sensitivity


4. Summary

Acknowledgment

References


6 Measuring the Electrical Characteristics of Piezoelectric Devices


1. General Remarks


2. Standard Methods for Device Measurement


3. Recommended Scattering Parameter Methods


4. Estimation of Equivalent Circuit Parameters


5. Summary of Resonator Measurement Considerations

References


7 Photoelastic Visualization and Theoretical Analyses of Scatterings of Ultrasonic Pulses in Solids


1. Introduction


2. The Dynamic Photoelastic Visualization Technique


3. Reflection of Bulk Waves from the Plane Boundary Surface of a Semi-Infinite Solid Medium


4. Scattering of Bulk Waves by a Two-Dimensional Plane Crack


5. Scattering of Bulk Waves by a Cylindrical Cavity


6. Scattering of Bulk Waves and Raleigh Waves by Free Corners


7. Visualization of Lamb Waves and Study of their Reflection from a Plate-Free Edge


8. Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

Author Index

Subject Index

Contents of Previous Volumes