Macromolecular Physics V2

ContentsList of Tables Preface Acknowledgements Contents of Volume 1 Chapter V The Nucleation Step 5.1 Primary Nucleation of Crystals 5.1.1 Nucleation Theory Concept 5.1.2 Homogeneous Nucleation 5.1.3 Heterogeneous Nucleation 5.1.4 Self-Nucleation 5.1.5 General Conclusions about Primary Nucleation 5.2 Secondary and Tertiary Nucleation on Crystal Surfaces 5.2.1 Nucleation Control of Crystal Growth 5.2.2 Secondary and Tertiary Nucleation Concepts 5.2.3 General Conclusions about Secondary and Tertiary Nucleation 5.3 Molecular Nucleation 5.3.1 Some Qualitative Experimental Evidence for Molecular Nucleation 5.3.2 Segregation on Crystallization from Solution 5.3.3 Segregation on Crystallization from the Melt 5.3.4 Concepts of Molecular Nucleation 5.3.5 General Conclusions about Molecular Nucleation References Chapter VI The Growth of Crystals 6.1 General Description of Crystal Growth 6.1.1 History 6.1.2 Linear Growth 6.1.3 Overall Crystallization 6.1.4 Crystal Growth and Chain Folding 6.1.5 Molecular Weight and Structure Dependence of Crystal Growth 6.1.6 Secondary Crystallization and Crystal Perfection 6.1.7 Crystal Growth without Chain Folding 6.1.8 Crystallization during Polymerization 6.2 Solution Crystallization of Macromolecules 6.2.1 Normal Crystal Growth 6.2.2 Effect of Stirring 6.2.3 Effect of Pressure 6.3 Melt Crystallization of Macromolecules 6.3.1 Normal Growth 6.3.2 Effect of Deformation 6.3.3 Effect of Pressure 6.3.4 Effect of Copolymerization 6.4 Crystallization during Polymerization 6.4.1 Gaseous Monomer Crystallization 6.4.2 Liquid or Dissolved Monomer Crystallization 6.4.3 Solid Monomer Crystallization References Chapter VII The Annealing of Crystals 7.1 General Description of Annealing 7.1.1 Definitions and Processes of Annealing 7.1.2 Changes in Crystal Shape 7.1.3 Changes in Macroconformation 7.1.4 Changes in Defect Concentration 7.1.5 Polymorphic Changes 7.1.6 Relief of Internal Stresses 7.1.7 Transport of Matter 7.1.8 Recrystallization 7.1.9 General Summary of Annealing Processes 7.2 Crystals from Solution 7.2.1 Dry Crystal Annealing 7.2.2 Annealing of Crystals in Contact with the Solvent 7.2.3 Shish-Kebob Annealing 7.3 Crystals from the Melt 7.3.1 Annealing of Normal Crystals 7.3.2 Annealing of Deformed Materials 7.3.3 Annealing under Elevated Pressure 7.3.4 Annealing with Changes in the Backbone References Author Index Subject Index List of Tables V. 1 Critical Equilibrium Nucleus Dimensions 2 Critical Temperature of Solidification in Droplet Experiments 3 Crystallization Temperatures of Seeded Polypropylene 4 Maximum Temperatures for Self-nucleation 5 Average Molecular Weights of Polyethylene left Dissolved after Crystallization from Xylene 6 Critical Molecular Weights of Polyethylene left Molten after Crystallization from the Melt 7 Equilibrium Critical Molecular Weight of Polyethylene Melts as a Function of Temperature VI. 1 Avrami Parameters for a Two-Stage Crystallization 2 Exponents of Time in the Avrami Equation 3 Maximum Crystal Growth Rates of Macromolecules 4 Critical Temperatures (°C) in Crystallization of Poly(ethylene oxide) 5 Conditions When the Initial Metastable Crystal Perfection is Reached 6 Ceiling Temperatures of Crystalline Macromolecules 7 Crystallization of Poly[3,3-bis(chloromethyl)oxacyclobutane] 8 Crystallization of Macromolecular Melts 9 Crystallization Parameters of Isotactic Polypropylene 10 Linear Crystallization Rate of Polypropylene of Varying Tacticity 11 Crystallization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) 12 Avrami Exponents (n) of Nylon 6 13 Values of the Avrami Exponent n for Different Elongation Ratios α of cis-l,4-poly(2-methylbutadiene) 14 Thermodynamic data per mole of monomer 274 15 Reactivity of Diynes of Structure R1-C = C — C = C — R 2 VII. 1 Temperature of Initial Thickening on Annealing of Single Crystals 2 Annealing Behavior of Some Folded Chain Single Crystals 3 Annealing Behavior of Some Melt Crystallized Samples 4 Annealing Behavior of Some Drawn Macromolecular Samples 5 Annealing of Polyethylene at 5.1 kb Pressure