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Elsevier

Books in Environmental sciences

The Environmental Sciences titles present critical research and insights into the complex interactions within natural ecosystems, climate systems, and human impacts on the environment. Covering areas such as biodiversity, sustainability, climate change, and resource management, these titles support scientific discovery and practical solutions for addressing today’s most pressing environmental challenges. This collection is essential for researchers, policymakers, and students dedicated to advancing environmental understanding and stewardship

  • Aquatic Ecosystems: Interactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter

    • 1st Edition
    • English
    Aquatic Ecosystems explains the interplay between various movements of matter and energy through ecosystems mediated by Dissolved Organic Matter. This book provides information on how much DOM there is in a particular aquatic ecosystem and where it originates. It explains whether the DOM composition varies from time to time and place to place. It also details how DOM becomes incorporated into microbial food webs, and gives a better, clarifying, understanding to its significance of DOM.

  • Chaos in Ecology

    Experimental Nonlinear Dynamics
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • J. M. Cushing + 4 more
    • English
    It is impossible to predict the exact behavior of all biological systems and how these same systems are exemplified by patterns of complexity and regularity. Decades of research in ecology have documented how these sorts of patterns are the consequences of deceptively simple rules that determine the nature of the patterns created. Chaos in Ecology will explain how simple beginnings result in complicated results. Chaos in Ecology is the inaugural volume of Theoretical Ecology Series. The authors of this volume have employed data from a proven model system in population dynamics. As a result, this book will be of interest to anyone interested in the ecology of populations.

  • OSHA 2002 Recordkeeping Simplified

    • 1st Edition
    • James Roughton
    • English
    The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has updated their recordkeeping requirements for the first time since 1971. This results in a significant number of changes for every employer with ten or more employees, which can often cause confusion and failure to comply. OSHA 2002 Recordkeeping Simplified goes beyond the explanation that OSHA supplies to provide an easy understanding of these new requirements.OSHA 2002 Recordkeeping Simplified provides an easy to follow format that allows all those in charge of recordkeeping to comply with the updated standards. The book follows the standards as OSHA provides them and adds commentary in order to explain and simplify. Jim Roughton provides a comparison of the old standards to the new to allow for an easier transition.The text is divided into several major subject sections. First the requirements are addressed to outline new elements compared to the current requirements. Next the supplement information for each subject area is divided into several parts: The first part reviews the relevant sections of the requirement and provides the basic concepts of how recordkeeping works; the second part provides answers to most frequently asked questions about recording and reporting of occupational injuries and illnesses. These questions and answers elaborate on the basic recordkeeping concepts and are further defined in each section. In addition, a series of flow diagrams are used to track the flow of the standard and examples of citations are offered through case histories.

  • Handbook of Groundwater Remediation using Permeable Reactive Barriers

    Applications to Radionuclides, Trace Metals, and Nutrients
    • 1st Edition
    • David Naftz + 3 more
    • English
    Over the last century and a half, groundwaters have become contaminated by a growing number of organic and inorganic substances ranging from petroleum-derived hydrocarbons to radioactive compounds, to cancer-causing hexavalent chromium. The importance of uncontaminated groundwater for agriculture, human consumption, and the environmental health of ecosystems is paramount to the health and productivity of industrial society. Water scientists and managers are focused on developing cost-effective methods to reverse this trend.Several methodologies have been developed, however few are as cost-effective as the use of readily available materials, such as iron and organic compost, for absorbing and isolating contaminants within the matrix of a permeable barrier. The Handbook of Groundwater Remediation using Permeable Reactive Barriers presents readers with this latest technology and developments within four main sections:1. Innovations in Design, Construction, and Evaluation of PRBs2. Development of Reactive Materials3. Evaluations of Chemical and Biological Processes4. Case Studies of Permeable Reactive Barrier InstallationsThe Handbook is one of the first references specifically on this topic. It is an excellent fit for graduate students entering this emerging field as well as professionals conducting research or implementing this technology.

  • Planning for Cycling

    Principles, Practice and Solutions for Urban Planners
    • 1st Edition
    • H McClintock
    • English
    Successful cycling planning depends on combining improvements to infrastructure with education. There are chapters examining both national strategies and local initiatives in cities around the world, including such topics as changes to existing road infrastructure and the integration of cycling with public transport. Since education is a critical element in cycling planning, contributors also consider such topics as developing healthy travel habits in the young and ways of promoting cycling. A number of chapters look at the complex relationship between cars and cycling, discussing how roads can be successfully shared between these two modes of transport.With its blend of practical experience and suggestions for improvement, Planning for cycling is essential reading for urban planners, environmental groups and those researching in this area.

  • Handbook of Air Pollution Prevention and Control

    • 1st Edition
    • Nicholas P Cheremisinoff
    • English
    The Handbook of Air Pollution Prevention and Control provides a concise overview of the latest technologies for managing industrial air pollution in petrochemical, oil and gas, and allied industries. Detailed material on equipment selection, sizing, and troubleshooting operations is provided along with practical design methodology. Unique to this volume are discussions and information on energy-efficient technologies and approaches to implementing environmental cost accounting measures.Included in the text are sidebar discussions, questions for thinking and discussing, recommended resources for the reader (including Web sites), and a comprehensive glossary.The Handbook of Air Pollution Prevention and Control also includes free access to US EPA's air dispersion model SCREEN3. Detailed examples on the application of this important software to analyzing air dispersion from industrial processes and point sources are provided in the Handbook, along with approaches to applying this important tool in developing approaches to pollution prevention and in selecting control technologies. By applying SCREEN3, along with the examples given in the Handbook, the user can: evaluate the impact of processes and operations to air quality, and apply the model to assess emergency scenarios to help in planning, to develop environmental impact assessments, to select pollution control technologies, and to develop strategies for pollution prevention. Two companion books by Cheremisinoff are available:Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies, and Handbook of Solid Waste Management and Waste Minimization Technologies.

  • Advances in Marine Biology

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 43
    • English
    Volume 43 is an eclectic volume with reviews on ecology and biogeography of marine parasites; fecundity: characteristics and role in life-history strategies of marine invertebrates; the ecology of Southern Ocean Pack-ice; and biological and remote sensing perspectives of pigmentation in coral reef organisms. Advances in Marine Biology was first published in 1963. Now edited by A.J. Southward (Marine Biological Association, UK), P.A. Tyler (Southampton Oceanography Association, UK), C.M. Young (Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, USA) and L.A. Fuiman (University of Texas, USA), the serial publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics which will appeal to postgraduates and researchers in marine biology, fisheries science, ecology, zoology, oceanography. Eclectic volumes in the series are supplemented by thematic volumes on such topics as The Biology of Calanoid Copepods.

  • Radioactive Fallout after Nuclear Explosions and Accidents

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 3
    • Y.A. Izrael
    • English
    To achieve successful solutions to the problems resulting from local, distant and global radioactive fallout after nuclear explosions and accidents and to achieve successful retrospective analyses of the radiation conditions from recent observations, certain information is needed: the distribution of the exposure dose rate in the atmosphere and in a country; the distribution of radionuclides in natural environments and the nuclide composition of the radioactive fallout; the features of formation of the aerosol particle-carriers of the radioactivity and of the nuclide distribution of the particles of different sizes formed under different conditions; the processes involved in the migration of radioactive products in different zones and environments; the external and internal effects of nuclear radiation on human beings.This monograph is devoted to a number of these problems, namely, to studies of the radioactive fallout composition, the formation of the aerosol particles that transport the radioactive products and to the analysis of the external radiation doses resulting from nuclear explosions and/or accidents. Problems of restoration and rehabilitation of contaminated land areas are also touched upon in the monograph. To solve such problems one requires knowledge of the mobility of radionuclides, an understanding of their uptake by plants, their transportation within the food chain and finally their uptake by animal and/or human organisms.The results of many years of study of radioactive fallout from atmospheric and underground nuclear explosions and accidents are summarized in this book. It is intended for various specialists - geophysicists, ecologists, health experts and inspectors, as well as those who are concerned with radioactive contamination of natural environments.

  • Oil Spills First Principles

    Prevention and Best Response
    • 1st Edition
    • B. Ornitz† + 1 more
    • English
    Marine oil spills are no longer considered unavoidable "accidents" resulting from adverse environmental conditions or functions of catastrophic events. More than 80% of all spills are the result of "human error". The focus of the current legal, regulatory, and convention framework affecting the transportation of oil by ship reflects a recent change in public attitude, in which there is an insistence upon protection of the world¿s marine environments, particularly coastal ecosystems. The outcome of such global attention is the creation of significant legal and political motivators for a cultural shift by the oil shipping industry, from an "evasion culture" to a "safety culture". The new safety culture connotes continuous improvement in ship operations and a willingness to adopt the evolving concepts of communication at all levels, better trained and qualified personnel on board ship, emphasis of safety from top down, and proactive institution of safety management systems. Mere compliance with international and national laws is no longer sufficient for future sustainable shipping. These changes and advancements in understanding the science and engineering of oil spills are the focus of this book on Oil Spills First Principles. They are Prevention, based upon adoption of the safety culture, and Best Response, utilizing scientific, technical and environmental data and information.Over the past 30 years, billions of US dollars have been spent in R&D planning, response and clean up of oil spills. All of these efforts have focused on achieving Best Response. The concept of time periods of "Technology Windows-of-Opportuni... for a given response and clean up technology has developed from the leadership and wisdom of researchers and responders from many nations using modeling of the weathering of spilled oil and technology effectiveness. The Windows-of-Opportuni... strategy provides a scientific basis for policy and decision-making in oil spill planning, response, and training.A global paradigm shift is needed to more effectively utilize and expedite the application of lessons learned in both prevention and clean up. Recognition of economic, political, and legal benefits accruing from environmental protection is good for business and critical for sustainable shipping.

  • Understanding and Solving Environmental Problems in the 21st Century

    Toward a New, Integrated Hard Problem Science
    • 1st Edition
    • R. Costanza + 1 more
    • English
    The aim of this book is to encourage integration of the natural and social sciences with the policy and design-making community, and thereby develop a deeper understanding of complex environmental problems. Its fundamental themes are:• integrated modeling and assessment• complex, adaptive, hierarchical systems• ecosystem services • science and decision-making• ecosystem health and human health• quality of life and the distribution of wealth and resources.This book will act as a state of the art assessment of integrated environmental science and its relation to real world problem solving. It is aimed not only at the academic community, but also as a sourcebook for managers, policy makers, and the informed public. It deals both with the state of the science and the level of consensus among scientists on key environmental issues. The concepts underlying this book were developed at the 2nd EcoSummit workshop held in Halifax, Nova Scotia, June, 2000, with active participation from all delegates, and attempts to present their collective view.

  • Biodiversity and Natural Product Diversity

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 21
    • F Pietra
    • English
    This, the most recent contribution to the Tetrahedron Organic Chemistry series, provides an integrated evaluation of the diversity of natural products in relation to biodiversity. The ongoing exploitation of biological resources, while maintaining an effective equilibrium on Earth, depends much on the conservation of biodiversity. To this end, parts one and two focus on biodiversity from all viewpoints, while explaining the link with natural products. The third section concentrates on the molecular-shape level, as a link to ecosystem and biodiversity, while the fourth section tackles actual functionalization, as a link to biodiversity at species level. Part five addresses the diversification of these resources from biotechnology and chemical technology, while the final part is concerned with maintaining natural product diversity on Earth.

  • Interactions of Microorganisms with Radionuclides

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • M.J. Keith-Roach + 1 more
    • English
    Many environmental processes are influenced, if not controlled, by microbial action and it is becoming increasingly important to develop an understanding of microbial roles in geochemistry. This book brings together state of the art research into microbiological processes and the extent to which they affect or can be used to control radioactive elements. The basic principles and fundamental mechanisms by which microbes and radionuclides interact are outlined, the methodology described, potential microbial influences on waste repositories examined, direct and indirect effects on transport both on local and global scales considered and potential technological applications identified.The book is directed towards advanced undergraduate students, postgraduates and researchers in the areas of environmental radioactivity, environmental microbiology, biotechnology and radioactive waste management. It will also be of interest to regulators, policy makers and non-governmental organisations.This novel and timely book offers a fully integrated approach to a topical international issue.

  • Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter

    • 1st Edition
    • Dennis A. Hansell + 1 more
    • English
    Interest in marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is very high because it plays an important role in oceanic and global carbon cycling, which in turn impacts weather. Understanding the processes involved in the transformations of carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen, and other major elements in the oceans has been a primary goal of marine biogeochemists and oceanographers over the past decade.This book, in 16 chapters with over 170 figures and tables, reports on the major advances in this area by a distinguished group of international chemical and biological oceanographers. Additionally, it focuses on the role of DOM in elemental cycling - where the greatest informational need currently exists.

  • Thirsting for Efficiency

    The Economics and Politics of Urban Water System Reform
    • 1st Edition
    • M. Shirley
    • English
    One billion people in the world lack safe drinking water and almost 2 billion lack adequate sanitation services. As a result millions suffer and die every year from water and sanitation related diseases. Poor management and inefficient investment are often responsible for this situation, and countless past attempts at reform have accomplished little. Recently some developing countries have tried to reverse years of mismanagement of their water and sewerage systems by auctioning contracts to private operators. Why do countries that have tolerated mismanagement for decades develop a thirst for efficiency? What are the results of their efforts to change? What determines success or failure? This book fills a gap in the literature by systematically answering these important questions. It does so by analyzing reforms in six developing country capitals -- Buenos Aires, Argentina; Lima, Peru; Mexico City, Mexico; Santiago, Chile; Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire; and Conakry, Guinea - and the United States in the 19th century.It not only assesses economic factors, but also explores the roles of laws, politics and norms. It provides an economic theory of water that encompasses institutional, political and economic aspects of reform.

  • Analysis and Management of Animal Populations

    • 1st Edition
    • Byron K. Williams + 2 more
    • English
    Analysis and Management of Animal Populations deals with the processes involved in making informed decisions about the management of animal populations. It covers the modeling of population responses to management actions, the estimation of quantities needed in the modeling effort, and the application of these estimates and models to the development of sound management decisions. The book synthesizes and integrates in a single volume the methods associated with these themes, as they apply to ecological assessment and conservation of animal populations.

  • Large Marine Ecosystems of the North Atlantic

    Changing States and Sustainability
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 10
    • H.R. Skjoldal + 1 more
    • English
    This is the first book to provide assessments of multidecadal changes in resources and environments of the Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) of the North Atlantic. Using the case study method, researchers examine the forces driving the changes and actions underway aimed at turning the corner from declining trends in biomass yields, toward recovery of depleted species populations and improvements in ecosystem integrity.Recently a distinguished group of 24 scientists argued eloquently that a new Sustainability Science was emerging that was focused on "meeting fundamental human needs while preserving the life support systems of planet Earth". The contributions contained in this volume are at the cutting edge of Sustainability Science and the results presented by the contributors are pertinent to one of the core questions: "How are long-term trends in environment and development, including consumption and population, reshaping nature-society interactions in ways relevant to sustainability?" (Science Vol. 292, 27 April 2001). The case studies demonstrate the utility of an ecosystem-based approach to the assessment and management of biomass yields and species sustainability.Movem... toward ecosystem-based management have emerged from the case studies on the initiation of recoveries of several depleted groundfish stocks of the US Northeast Shelf LME; the collapse of the Newfoundland-Labrado... Shelf cod; the assessment of physical and biological changes on the Scotian Shelf, West Greenland Shelf, Iceland Shelf LME, and the Faroe Plateau, the North Sea, and the Barents Sea LMEs. Uncertainties, with regard to environmental and human-generated forcing, are addressed in assessment of the states of the Iberian Coastal and Biscay-Celtic LMEs, and in broad-scale studies of the influences at the base of the food chain of climatic variability on the productivity and biodiversity of plankton communities of the North Atlantic. The volume concludes with an insightful perspective on the approaches used and the results reported by the eminent marine scientist and former President of ICES, Professor Gotthilf Hempel.

  • Ecology of Desert Systems

    • 1st Edition
    • Walter G. Whitford
    • English
    Conventional wisdom considers deserts stark, harsh regions that support few living things. Most people also believe that water alone makes the desert bloom. Ecology of Desert Systems challenges these conventional views. This volume explores a broad range of topics of interest to ecosystem, population, community, and physiological ecologists. Climate, weather patterns, geomorphology, and wind and water processes are examined as variables that affect the distribution of biota through fundamental ecosystem processes. Descriptions of morphological, behavioral, and physiological adaptations of desert biota illuminate, through the lens of patch dynamics, principles for understanding observed patterns of primary production, nutrient cycling, and the effects of consumers. Desertification, and the techniques for monitoring and quantifying it, is examined within the framework of desert ecosystem patterns and processes.

  • Chemistry of the Environment

    • 2nd Edition
    • Ronald A. Bailey + 4 more
    • English
    Emphasizing new science essential to the practice of environmental chemistry at the beginning of the new millennium, Chemistry of the Environment describes the atmosphere as a distinct sphere of the environment and the practice of industrial ecology as it applies to chemical science. It includes extensive coverage of nuclear chemistry, covering both natural environmental sources and anthropogenic sources, their impacts on health, and their role in energy production, that goes well beyond the newspaper coverage to discuss nuclear chemistry and disposal in a balanced and scientifically rational way.

  • Dictionary of Water and Waste Management

    • 1st Edition
    • Paul G Smith
    • English
    The first edition of the Dictionary of Waste and Water Treatment was published in 1981 and was aimed at treatment and treatment design. Over the last 20 years, areas such as air pollution control, solid waste management, hazardous waste management, pipeline management (leakage control, pipeline and sewer renewal) and environmental management systems have all become increasingly important. To reflect this shift, this completely revised and updated edition now covers water and waste management as well as treatment.The dictionary contains definitions of around 7000 terms used in:Water resources and hydrologyDrinking water qualityWaterborne diseasesPublic HealthWater treatmentWastewater treatmentSludge treatmentAir pollution & air pollution controlSolid Waste ManagementHazardous Waste ManagementPipeline Management (leakage control, pipeline & sewer renewal)Environmenta... Management systems (ISO 14000, EMAS)The dictionary has been completely revised and updated to encompass all the changes of the last 20 years to become the most comprehensive dictionary of water and waste management available.

  • Environmental Foresight and Models

    A Manifesto
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 22
    • M.B. Beck
    • English
    Policy-makers and the public, it has famously been said, are more interested in the possibility of non-linear dislocations and surprises in the behaviour of the environment than in smooth extrapolations of current trends. The International Task Force in Forecasting Environmental Change (1993-1998) dedicated its work to developing procedures of model building capable of addressing our palpable concerns for substantial change in the future. This volume discusses the immense challenges that such structural change presents - that the behaviour of the environment may become radically different from that observed in the past - and investigates the potentially profound implications for model development.Drawing upon case histories from the Great Lakes, acidic atmospheric deposition and, among others, the urban ozone problem, this discourse responds to a new agenda of questions. For example: "What system of 'radar' might we design to detect threats to the environment lying just beyond the 'horizon'?" and "Are the seeds of structural change identifiable within the record of the recent past?"Meticulously researched by leading environmental modellers, this milestone volume engages vigorously with its subject and offers an animated account of how models can begin to take into consideration the significant threats and uncertainties posed by structural change.

  • Biotransformations: Bioremediation Technology for Health and Environmental Protection

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 36
    • R.D. Stapleton Jr. + 1 more
    • English
    This volume provides a clear understanding of how microbes, following their degradative processes, contribute maximally to the benefit of mankind through biotransformations of waste materials as well as a wide variety of health-risk compounds.The book contains twenty four chapters contributed by leading scientists from different parts of the world, covering various aspects of bioremediation of xenobiotics such as toxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic compounds, which include halogenated aromatics, derivatives of heavy metals, microbial toxins, tannins, dyes, sulfur compounds of coal and petroleum and pesticides. The bioremediation of agricultural residue, industrial as well as municipal wastes, fuel oils, lubricants, natural rubber products, and other synthetic polymers, which pollute the environment substantially, also constitutes an important component of the book. All biotechnological aspects of microbial transformations pertaining to biodegradation/biore... of hazardous wastes, ranging from screening methods for microbes with degradative potential, processes of degradation, strain improvement for enhanced biodegradation and elimination of xenobiotics of health and environmental concern have been dealt with. The book intends to widen the scope of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology in general and biotransformations in particular. It will provide an opportunity for scientists in the areas of biochemistry, food industry, environmental science and engineering and their implications in technologically feasible, environment friendly and economically viable bioremediation options. Also, it forms an interface between agro-industrial establishments and the academic world and will generate new thought provoking ideas for scientists of future generations for the safeguard of both human and animal health as well as the environment.

  • Freshwater Ecology

    Concepts and Environmental Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Walter K. Dodds
    • English
    Freshwater Ecology: Concepts and Environmental Applications is a general text covering both basic and applied aspects of freshwater ecology and serves as an introduction to the study of lakes and streams. Issues of spatial and temporal scale, anthropogenic impacts, and application of current ecological concepts are covered along with ideas that are presented in more traditional limnological texts. Chapters on biodiversity, toxic chemicals, extreme and unusual habitats, and fisheries increase the breadth of material covered. The book includes an extensive glossary, questions for thought, worked examples of equations, and real-life problems.

  • Building the Ecological City

    • 1st Edition
    • R R White
    • English
    If the modern city is a monument to anything, it is a monument to man's inefficiency. Our cities are plagued by problems of congestion, waste, and pollution that deplete natural resources, damage the environment and reduce the quality of life of citizens.The irony is, as this fascinating new study shows, that it doesn't have to be like this.Building the ecological city describes the problems we face and puts forward solutions to the question – how can we build cities that provide an acceptable standard of living for their inhabitants without depleting the ecosystems and bio-geochemical cycles on which they depend?The book suggests and examines the concept of urban metabolism in which the city is characterized as a set of interlinked systems of physical flows linking air, land and water. A series of chapters looks at the production and management of waste, energy use and air emissions, water supply and management, urban land use and air quality issues. Within the broader context of climate change, the book then considers a range of practical strategies for restoring the health of urban ecosystems from the restoration of 'brownfield' land to productive use through to improving air quality and making better use of water resourcesBuilding the ecological city is a major contribution to better urban management and planning for both citizens and the environment and is an invaluable sourcebook for urban and national planners, architects and environmental agencies.

  • Air Pollution Meteorology

    • 1st Edition
    • R R Scorer
    • English
    Written by a distinguished international scientist, who has made fundamental contributions on the climatic relationship between air pollution and meteorology, the book provides a compendium of realistic examples of air pollution behaviour. After commencing with a general survey he takes us through a study of diffusion mechanisms including pollution from industrial chimneys and road traffic. Air pollution meteorology covers boundary layer scaling, pre-processing meteorological data, air quality management, urban meteorology, and atmospheric chemistry (oxides of nitrogen are central to ozone chemistry) with accounts of typical air pollution episodes and a brief dictionary of air pollutants.

  • Metals, Metalloids and Radionuclides in the Baltic Sea Ecosystem

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 5
    • P. Szefer
    • English
    This book presents in detail the state of knowledge of the distribution, bioavailability, biomagnification, discrimination, fate and sources of chemical pollutants (metals, metalloids, radionuclides and nutrients) in all compartments (atmosphere, water, deposits, biota) of the Baltic environment. Particular components of the Baltic ecosystem are considered as potential monitors of pollutants. Budgets of chemical elements and the ecological status of the Baltic Sea in the past, present and future are presented. Estimates of health risks to man in respect to some toxic metals and radionuclides in fish and seafood are briefly discussed. The content of the book makes possible the identification of gaps in our environmental knowledge of the Baltic Sea, with certain sections establishing possible priorities, key areas or strategies for future research.

  • Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals

    • 1st Edition
    • Bernd Würsig + 2 more
    • English
    Combining excellent science with accessible style, the Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals is an indispensable resource on the fascinating warm-blooded creatures of the sea. The contributions of more than 200 leading international authorities have made this single volume the guide for studyig the entire range of marine mammals. Organized alphabetically, more the 280 articles are devoted to wide range of topics -- from the specific behavior and physiology of cetaceans and pinnipeds, to ecology, population biology, human effects and interaction, and research methodology. Up-to-date, accessible, and scientifically sound, the Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals will occupy a central place in any marine science library. KEY FEATURES*Complete Species List, featuring both living and extinct mammals;*Comprehensi... Glossary with definitions for more than 1,000 specialized terms; *Extensive cross-referencing between articles; *Abundant visual resources -- photographs, line drawings, maps, tables, and figures

  • Character Concept in Evolutionary Biology

    • 1st Edition
    • Günter P. Wagner
    • English
    "Almost all evolutionary biologists, indeed all biologists, use particular features to study life. Evolutionary biologists use these characteristics or features in a particular way to unravel a tangled evolutionary history, to document the rate of evolutionary change, or as evidence of biodiverisity. "Characters" are the "data" of evolutionary biology and they can be employed differently in research, providing both opportunities and limitations. The Character Concept in Evolutionary Biology is about characters, their use, how different sorts of characters are limited, and the appropriate methods for character analysis. Leading evolutionary biologists from around the world are contributors to this authoritative review of the "character concept." Because characters and the conception of characters are central to all studies of evolution, and because evolution is the central organizing principle of biology, this book will appeal to a wide cross-section of biologists.

  • Hazardous Gas Monitoring, Fifth Edition

    A Guide for Semiconductor and Other Hazardous Occupancies
    • 1st Edition
    • Logan T. White
    • English
    Monitoring hazardous gases is highly complex, yet critical to semiconductor manufacturing. This book includes excerpts from codes and standards relevant to the industry, including the latest editions of model fire codes. This guide provides the basics to successfully comply with code requirements. The guidelines in this book go beyond minimum design standards to ensure that best industry practices are employed to address the many safety, environmental and economic concerns of hazardous occupancy facilities. System certification, redundancy and integration of gas sensors into a monitoring, control and alarm system are discussed.This is a field-guide reference. It is spiral-bound for easier ""benchtop"" access to the information you need while setting up your gas monitoring systems. It is valuable to everyone involved in handling hazardous gases.

  • Mitigating Climate Change: Flexibility Mechanisms

    • 1st Edition
    • T. Jackson
    • English
    This compendium contains a collection of key papers from the journal Energy Policy, offering a valuable reference point on the role of flexibility mechanisms in the mitigation of climate change. Originally published between December 1999 and August 2001, all of these articles concern particular aspects of the Kyoto mechanisms or variations on the theme of flexibility that have evolved elsewhere.For better or for worse, flexibility mechanisms have become a part of the institutional architecture of energy policy in the 21st Century.As the contributions to this compendium illustrate, this fact has both positive and negative connotations. Flexibility mechanisms have the potential to unleash exciting market-led emission reduction initiatives, and to promote both technological and institutional innovation. At the same time, the complexity of establishing credible and robust arrangements, in which practicality and viability are balanced with appropriate safeguards against loopholes and gaming, should not be underestimated. In the longer term, the flexibility mechanisms may turn out to be unhealthy distractions from the much more important task of restructuring domestic energy systems. Or they might just turn out to be indispensable instruments for achieving the deep cuts in emissions that climate change demands. One thing, however, is abundantly clear: climate policy has guaranteed that energy policy will never be the same again.

  • Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies

    • 1st Edition
    • Nicholas P Cheremisinoff
    • English
    This Handbook is an authoritative reference for process and plant engineers, water treatment plant operators and environmental consultants. Practical information is provided for application to the treatment of drinking water and to industrial and municipal wastewater. The author presents material for those concerned with meeting government regulations, reducing or avoiding fines for violations, and making cost-effective decisions while producing a high quality of water via physical, chemical, and thermal techniques.Included in the texts are sidebar discussions, questions for thinking and discussing, recommended resources for the reader, and a comprehensive glossary.Two companion books by Cheremisinoff are available:Handbook of Air Pollution Control Technologies, and Handbook of Solid Waste Management and Waste Minimization Technologies.

  • Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects IV

    • 1st Edition
    • W.R. Chappell + 2 more
    • English
    This collected volume of authoritative articles represents the state-of-the-art in arsenic research. Arsenic experts from around the world, participants in the Fourth International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects organized by the Society of Environmental Geochemistry and Health in 2000, present their critical findings.A vital contribution to arsenic study and policy making, this volume examines the global impact of the toxin and discusses arsenic in the environment, mechanisms of arsenic metabolism and carcinogenesis, water treatment technology, and medical care. Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects offers informed, challenging insights into a highly important and controversial topic.

  • Fish Physiology: Tuna: Physiology, Ecology, and Evolution

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 19
    • English
    This book is a multidisciplinary volume that overviews the most recent literature covering the physiology, biomechanics, evolution, and ecology of tunas. It examines critical areas of molecular and organismal physiology, phylogeny, ecology, and evolutionary biology. Recently developed techniques for electronic tagging of fish are presented. The book covers all aspects of tuna biology, from metabolism and cardiovascular research to reproductive biology.

  • Environmental Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 3
    • W. Kleiböhmer
    • English
    "Environmental Analysis" covers a compilation of analytical methods for the determination of a wide range of environmental priority pollutants, including amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, phenols, PCBs, and also including organometallic species, polycyclic aromatic sulphur heterocycles and metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. For all environmental pollutants, an overview and an assessment of value of a broad range of relevant methods including conventional techniques but also of advanced separation and sample preparation techniques given, with all possible matrices being considered.This book does not only give up-to-date material on sampling and sample pre-treatment, extraction techniques, clean-up, pre-fractionation, different types of chromatographic methods and quality assurance, but also information on actual and upcoming analytical problems, such as the determination of polycyclic aromatic sulphur heterocycles and of metabolites of PAH. The final chapter is devoted to the important role of analytic separation methods in water quality control.Experienced and well-known authors have contributed their knowledge and expertise to individual chapters.

  • CO2 in Seawater: Equilibrium, Kinetics, Isotopes

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 65
    • R.E. Zeebe + 1 more
    • English
    Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas after water vapor in the atmosphere of the earth. More than 98% of the carbon of the atmosphere-ocean system is stored in the oceans as dissolved inorganic carbon. The key for understanding critical processes of the marine carbon cycle is a sound knowledge of the seawater carbonate chemistry, including equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties as well as stable isotope fractionation.Presen... the first coherent text describing equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties and stable isotope fractionation among the elements of the carbonate system. This volume presents an overview and a synthesis of these subjects which should be useful for graduate students and researchers in various fields such as biogeochemistry, chemical oceanography, paleoceanography, marine biology, marine chemistry, marine geology, and others.The volume includes an introduction to the equilibrium properties of the carbonate system in which basic concepts such as equilibrium constants, alkalinity, pH scales, and buffering are discussed. It also deals with the nonequilibrium properties of the seawater carbonate chemistry. Whereas principle of chemical kinetics are recapitulated, reaction rates and relaxation times of the carbonate system are considered in details. The book also provides a general introduction to stable isotope fractionation and describes the partitioning of carbon, oxygen, and boron isotopes between the species of the carbonate system. The appendix contains formulas for the equilibrium constants of the carbonate system, mathematical expressions to calculate carbonate system parameters, answers to exercises and more.

  • Advances in Virus Research

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 57
    • English
    The collection of articles in this volume include Animal Circoviruses; Evolutions, Epidemiology and Dispersal of Flaviviruses; Hantavirus Infections in Europe; Forest Insect Pests; and Whiteflies: Vectors and Victims of Geminivirus.

  • Science into Policy

    Global Lessons from Antarctica
    • 1st Edition
    • Paul Arthur Berkman
    • English
    Science into Policy: Global Lessons from Antarctica reveals a unique model for integrating Earth system science with environmental and resource policies to balance economic, governmental, and societal interests. Since the International Geophysical Year in 1957-1958, scientific investigation has fostered international cooperation and the rational use of Antarctica for peaceful purposes only. Beyond merely presenting information, this book integrates content and concepts in a manner that will appeal to individuals with interests in the natural and the social sciences.

  • Streams

    Their Ecology and Life
    • 1st Edition
    • Colbert E. Cushing + 1 more
    • English
    Streams is a handbook that combines a discussion of the ecology of streams and rivers, in layperson language, with an illustrated field guide of the plants and animals found in running waters of North America. Various illustrations and maps accompany the text. The authors are extremely well known--Cushing is the lead content provider for an America On-Line service provided through Trout Unlimited entitled "Ask Dr. Cushing." He is frequently asked the sorts of questions that are answered in this field guide. J. David Allan is the author of a well known textbook in Aquatic Ecology.

  • Advances in Ecological Research

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 32
    • English
    Advances in Ecological Research presents a wide range of papers on all aspects of ecology. Topics include the physiology, populations, and communities of plants and animals, as well as landscape and ecosystem ecology. In 1999 the Institute for Scientific Information released figures indicating that this serial has an impact factor of 9.6 and a half-life of 10.0 years, ranking it first in the highly competitive category of ecology.

  • Advances in Water and Wastewater Treatment Technology

    Molecular Technology, Nutrient Removal, Sludge Reduction, and Environmental Health
    • 1st Edition
    • T. Matsuo + 3 more
    • English
    This book is the result of the international symposium, "Establishment and Evaluation of Advanced Water Treatment Technology Systems Using Functions of Complex Microbial Community", organized in 2000 at the University of Tokyo. The volume presents the most recent progress in application of microbial community analysis, health-related microorganisms management, nutrient removal, waste sludge minimization and materials recovery, and water management in tropical countries.Included in this work are the following major topics in wastewater treatment: application of various innovative techniques of molecular biology such as FISH, DGGE to microbial community analysis of various types of wastewater treatment; microbial aspect of biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus; emission of nitrous oxide during nitrogen transformation; reduction of sludge production in the wastewater treatment process using membrane and material recovery of biopolymer and cell of photosynthetic bacteria.Health-rela... microbiology in water supply and water management using recent innovative molecular biological tools is presented and health risk management is discussed. The practical application of wastewater treatment in developing countries, especially tropical countries is also reviewed.Researchers in the field of environmental engineering and applied microbiology, and practical engineers who wish to learn the most recent progress in the microbiological aspect of water and wastewater management, will find this book a useful tool.

  • Fundamentals of Ecological Modelling

    Applications in Environmental Management and Research
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 21
    • S.E. Jorgensen
    • English
    This is a thoroughly revised and updated edition of an authoritative introduction to ecological modelling. Sven Erik Jørgensen, Editor-in-Chief of the journal Ecological Modelling, and Giuseppe Bendoricchio, Professor of Environmental Modelling at the University of Padova, Italy, offer compelling insights into the subject. This volume explains the concepts and processes involved in ecological modelling, presents the latest developments in the field and provides readers with the tools to construct their own models. The Third Edition features:• A detailed discussion and step-by-step outline of the modelling procedure.• An account of different model types including overview tables, examples and illustrations.• A comprehensive presentation of the submodels and unit processes used in modelling. • In-depth descriptions of the latest modelling techniques.• Structured exercises at the end of each chapter. • Three mathematical appendices and a subject index.This practical and proven book very effectively combines the theory, methodology and applications of ecological modelling. The new edition is an essential, up-to-date guide to a rapidly growing field.

  • Coal Energy Systems

    • 1st Edition
    • Bruce G. Miller
    • English
    Coal is currently a major energy source in the United States as well as throughout the world, especially among many developing countries, and will continue to be so for many years. Fossil fuels will continue to be the dominant energy source for fueling the United States economy, with coal playing a major role for decades. Coal provides stability in price and availability, will continue to be a major source of electricity generation, will be the major source of hydrogen for the coming hydrogen economy, and has the potential to become an important source of liquid fuels. Conservation and renewable/sustainabl... energy are important in the overall energy picture, but will play a lesser role in helping us satisfy our energy demands. This book is a single source covering many coal-related subjects of interest ranging from explaining what coal is, where it is distributed and quantities it can be found in throughout the world, technical and policy issues regarding the use of coal, technologies used and under development for utilizing coal to produce heat, electricity, and chemicals with low environmental impact, vision for untilizing coal well into the 21st century, and the security coal presents.

  • Environmental Contamination in Antarctica

    A Challenge to Analytical Chemistry
    • 1st Edition
    • S. Caroli + 2 more
    • English
    This thought-provoking and ambitious volume surveys the causes and extent of environmental contamination in Antarctica, and looks critically at future prospects. It highlights the key role that modern techniques of analytical chemistry play in achieving reliable empirical data in this field and their impact on shaping legal provisions. Written by prominent scientists and experts in Antarctic sciences, this work gives an overview of the studies undertaken by countries to assess the impact of pollution phenomena on the uniquely clean environment of Antarctica. Empirical studies and regulatory issues are evaluated in context with the goal of providing a model approach to more polluted areas of the world.

  • Hazardous Waste Compliance

    • 1st Edition
    • Clifford Florczak + 1 more
    • English
    Hazardous Waste Compliance concentrates on government regulations as they relate to hazardous waste and other hazardous materials. The main focus of this book is on how to comply with these requirements as well as on other best management practices (BMP), which will ensure worker safety and business protection from the risk of the commercial penalties associated with regulations breaches. The authors provide the reader with useful techniques to enhance worker protection and promote efficiency, productivity and cost effectiveness, along with achieving the necessary quality standards for the work being performed. The authors further outline and define methods to help reduce worker injury and illness, the scope and application of HAZWOPER, and ways to implement hazardous material related requirements through enhancements of existing programs. In addition, detailed discussion helps to provide methods to help promote consistency in health and safety program development for handling hazardous materials, encourage a high standard for health and safety, and share lessons learned to help provide approaches that have been implemented on hazardous waste and other sites.

  • Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos in Agricultural Systems

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 12
    • K. Sakai
    • English
    This book provides an introduction to the analysis of chaos and chaos theory as it relates to agricultural science. With clear explanations of chaos theory and principles, the first part of the book offers some basic facts, the fundamental terminology, and the concepts of deterministic chaos.The second part of this volume contains rich applications of the theory as applied to real agricultural systems. Applications include a wide area such as alternate bearing in tree crops, weed control and tillage, nonlinear vibrations in agricultural tractors, and piglet pricing analysis.Readers will find useful tools for calculating the order, rules and theory behind complex phenomena observed in arable land.

  • Metabolic Maps

    Pesticides, Environmentally Relevant Molecules and Biologically Active Molecules
    • 1st Edition
    • Hiroyasu Aizawa
    • English
    People working in development of drugs, pesticides, washing detergents, etc., are obliged by law to conduct analyses of the "metabolic pathways" or "maps" for the chemical compounds that they are using or proposing. Everyone in these industries or carrying out research toward such products is therefore interested in having a reference on these compounds.

  • Herpetology

    An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles
    • 2nd Edition
    • Laurie J. Vitt + 2 more
    • English
    Herpetology, Second Edition has been thoroughly revised. The text has been reorganized, new chapters have been added, new text references have been inserted. All this plus new color systematics sections will maintain this book as THE leading textbook on the biology of amphibians and reptiles. The book will also showcase reptiles and amphibians as model systems in conceptual areas of biology. Such a text will help integrate herpetology as a discipline into conceptually oriented undergraduate programs. The book should also appeal to a large audience of sophisticated lay people interested in reptiles and amphibians.

  • Marine Microbiology

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 30
    • English
    Written by experts in the field, Marine Microbiology presents the latest experimental techniques in the detail required for modern environmental microbiological research. Chapters start with the introduction and background of a particular method, followed by a concise description of the procedures involved. There is also a list of vendors who supply critical components which includes names, addresses, and websites at the end of each chapter.

  • Ecological Geography of the Sea

    • 1st Edition
    • Alan R. Longhurst
    • English
    This book presents an in-depth discussion of the biological and ecological geography of the oceans. It synthesizes locally restricted studies of the ocean to generate a global geography for the vast marine world. Ecological Geography of the Sea is the first comprehensive attempt to divide the ocean into distinguishable regions that permit detailed comparisons. Based on patterns of algal ecology, the book divides the ocean into four primary compartments, which are then subdivided into secondary compartments. The secondary compartments are identified and characterized by biogeochemical features including nutrient dynamics, continental shelf topography, and algal blooms. Because ocean-wide regional classification has broad impact on the way oceanographers and ecologists study ocean patterns, this book will have wide and long-term appeal.

  • Limnology

    Lake and River Ecosystems
    • 3rd Edition
    • Robert G. Wetzel
    • English
    Limnology is the study of the structural and functional interrelationships of organisms of inland waters as they are affected by their dynamic physical, chemical, and biotic environments. Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems, Third Edition, is a new edition of this established classic text. The coverage remains rigorous and uncompromising and has been thoroughly reviewed and updated with evolving recent research results and theoretical understanding. In addition, the author has expanded coverage of lakes to reservoir and river ecosystems in comparative functional analyses.

  • Advances in Marine Biology

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 40
    • English
    Volume 40 is a standard volume with reviews on three wide-ranging topics: parasites found on the Atlantic cod; the biology of mangrove trees and mangrove swamp ecosystems; and structural, histochemical, and functional aspects of the epidermis (skin/outside layer) of fishes.

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