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Elsevier

Books in Environmental sciences

The Environmental Sciences titles present critical research and insights into the complex interactions within natural ecosystems, climate systems, and human impacts on the environment. Covering areas such as biodiversity, sustainability, climate change, and resource management, these titles support scientific discovery and practical solutions for addressing today’s most pressing environmental challenges. This collection is essential for researchers, policymakers, and students dedicated to advancing environmental understanding and stewardship

  • Persistent Pollutants in Marine Ecosystems

    • 1st Edition
    • Colin H. Walker + 1 more
    • English
    This new volume from the SETAC (Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry) Special Publications Series examines the phenomenon of persistent pollutants in the seas and oceans. Unlike the highly visible and obvious effects caused by oil, certain chemicals have unseen but long-term and far-reaching effects on the marine ecosystem. They often have long half-lives, are carried great distances and pass easily through the food chain from prey to predator. The behaviour and effects of these persistent pollutants on each type of marine animal (invertebrates, vertebrates, fish, mammals and fish-eating birds) are described. A final overview draws the observations and conclusions together presenting a work that provides a foundation for understanding the behaviour of persistent pollutants in the marine environment.

  • Oil Spill Response in the Marine Environment

    • 1st Edition
    • J.W. Doerffer
    • English
    The rapid economic development of many countries since World War II has resulted in a considerable increase in the marine transport of raw materials, especially of crude oils, and in offshore activities. Inevitably, operational discharges from ships (ballast and bilge water), incidents such as collisions and groundings, and offshore exploration of oil and gas, lead to a significant amount of oil going into the sea. So far, understanding of marine environments, of oil and its behaviour when released onto the water surface, and of the methods and means of response to an oil spill, has been rather limited. This book introduces the reader to these problems and reflects the levels and trends of development in the field. The author has played an active role in combating marine pollution in the international arena since the 1970s and was awarded the International Maritime Prize for 1989 by the International Maritime Organisation.

  • Recent Advances in Aerosol Research

    A Bibliographical Review
    • 1st Edition
    • C. N. Davies
    • English
    Recent Advances in Aerosol Research: A Bibliographical Review presents a bibliographic review of advances in aerosol research covering the period from the beginning of 1957 to the end of 1962. Topics covered include chemical reactions, combustion, coagulation and diffusion, and adhesion of particles. References on filtration, evaporation and condensation, nucleation and growth, and laminar flow and impingement are also included. This volume is comprised of 19 chapters and begins by citing research on acoustic, ultrasonic, and shock wave effects, along with adhesion of particles, chemical reactions, combustion, coagulation and diffusion, and filtration. The following chapters deal with evaporation and condensation, nucleation and growth, laminar flow and impingement, generators, photophoresis, and the optics of aerosols. Other chapters focus on radioactivity, sampling instruments, sedimentation and fluid resistance, thermophoresis, and diffusiophoresis. The last chapter highlights turbulent flow and deposition of aerosols. This monograph will be a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in aerosols.

  • Environment and Energy

    Environmental Aspects of Energy Production and Use with Particular Reference to New Technologies a Report of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English
    Environment and Energy: A Report of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe presents the various sources of energy, their reserves, and their consumption patterns. This book discusses the technological aspect as well as the environmental aspects of energy. Organized into four chapters, this book begins with an overview of the technological and demand trends of energy. This text then examines the main sources of energy creating the least environmental problems, including solar power, hydro power, and natural gas. Other chapters consider the conversion into electricity of fossil fuels, hydro powers, and nuclear. This book discusses as well the various methods under development that relate to energy sources of substantial significance. The final chapter deals with the higher economic efficiency of geothermal power plants than fossil or nuclear fuelled power plants as there is no need for sub-systems. This book is a valuable resource for engineers, scientists, and research workers.

  • Environmental Implications of Expanded Coal Utilization

    a Study By: The Beijer Institute The United Nations Environment Programme The U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences
    • 1st Edition
    • M.J. Chadwick + 1 more
    • English
    Environmental Implications of Expanded Coal Utilization focuses on the increasing consideration of coal as an alternative source of energy. This book comes as an answer to the issues on health and environment regarding the extraction, production, and use of coal. Composed of nine chapters, the selection starts by underlining the potential prospects for coal, which plays a vital role in meeting energy demands. The book also shows that problems have evolved regarding the use of coal, including land disturbance and increased land occupation due to mining. The text also notes that the international trade of coal will surely generate waste products, and some of which can be the result of poor transportation and handling. The book focuses on coal gasification and liquefaction and emphasizes that the processes involved must be carefully understood in order to avoid the environmental impacts of coal use. Attempts have been made to establish a conceptual framework to be used in assessing the health and environmental health impacts of the conversion and utilization of coal. Relative to this, discussions that follow include the trace elements that are the products of coal combustion and conversion and also coal derived carbon compounds. Another sector is focused on the evaluation of the effects of emissions on human health, especially of workers in the industry. The effects of the utilization of coal on communities are also considered. The text is a vital source of information to those involved in the research on the use of coal as alternative source of energy.

  • Marine Mammals and the Exxon Valdez

    • 1st Edition
    • Thomas R. Loughlin
    • English
    The oil spill disaster that occurred when the Exxon Valdez ran aground has become part of the iconography of ecological disaster. This book synthesizes previously confidential data only recently released by the U.S. government. The data concerns the effects of this nightmarish spill on marine mammals, such as sea otters, harbor seals, killer whales, and humpback whales. Because many of the book's contributors were on site within 24 hours of this 11 million gallon catastrophe, the book is a unique longitudinal study of the demise of an ecosystem due to a single acute environmental perturbation.These certain-to-be-influe... results reported here should assist marine biologists, pathologists, toxicologists, environmentalists, engineers, and coastal planners in assessing the nature of this now legendary disaster.

  • Water Pollution Research and Control Brighton

    Proceedings of the Fourteenth Biennial Conference of the International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control, held in Brighton, U.K., 18–21 July, 1988
    • 1st Edition
    • L. Lijklema + 2 more
    • English

  • Relative Radiation Sensitivities of Human Organ Systems

    Advances in Radiation Biology, Vol. 12
    • 1st Edition
    • John T. Lett + 1 more
    • English
    Advances in Radiation Biology, Volume 12: Relative Radiation Sensitivities of Human Organ Systems covers articles on the response of selected human organ and tissue systems to exposure to ionizing radiation. The book presents articles on the relative radiosensitivities of the thymus, spleen, lymphohemopoietic systems, small and large intestines, oral cavity, larynx, pharynx, and esophagus. The text also includes articles on the relative radiation sensitivity of the integumentary system, as well as the relative radiosensitivity of the human lung and fetal tissues. The tolerance of the central and peripheral nervous system to therapeutic irradiation is also encompassed. Radiation biologists, oncologists, physicians, pediatricians, and medical students will find the book useful.

  • Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution

    Model Selection and Application
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 10
    • A. Giorgini + 1 more
    • English
    This volume contains most of the scientific contributions to the workshop ``Prediction of Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution: Model Selection and Application'' held in Venice, in the historic Ca' Vendramin Calergi, in June, 1984. Other contributions of specialists who were not able to attend the workshop have also been included in an attempt to make the work more complete.It is hoped that this collection will be useful to planners who operate in the field of agricultural diffuse source pollution, since several contributions are state-of-the-art presentations and others are specialized studies by American and European researcher.

  • Analysis of Ecological Systems: State-of-the-Art in Ecological Modelling

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 5
    • W.K. Lauenroth + 2 more
    • English
    The International Society for Ecological Modelling (ISEM) sponsors conferences, workshops and training courses with the aim of advancing the development of ecological and environmental modelling. The 3rd International Conference on the state-of-the-art in ecological modelling was sponsored by the ISEM in cooperation with the National Park Service Water Resources Laboratory and hosted by the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University. Its theme was the application of ecological modelling to environmental management and this book contains the full texts of the three invited papers presented in the five general sessions, plus the final summaries and syntheses of the topics covered during those sessions.

  • Diversity of Environmental Biogeochemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 6
    • J. Berthelin
    • W.S. Fyfe
    • English
    Biogeochemistry, still in its formative stage twenty years ago, is now a young, interdisciplinary subfield of earth sciences, life sciences and chemistry. An international scientific association (International Symposia on Environmental Biogeochemistry incorporated - ISEB) was founded to organize international symposia to bring together microbiologists, biologists, chemists, geochemists, soil scientists, oceanographers, ecologists and environmental engineers interested in the biogeochemistry of terrestrial, aquatic and atmospheric environments.After the 8th ISEB held in Nancy, France, this volume was compiled. These fifty selected contributions from specialists of varying backgrounds and interests show the diversity and the common framework of the direct or indirect interactions of living organisms and their abiotic environments.

  • Visualization in Modern Cartography

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • A.M. MacEachren + 1 more
    • English
    Visualization in Modern Cartography explores links between the centuries-old discipline of cartography and today's revolutionary developments in scientific visualization. The book has three main goals: (1) to pass on design and symbolization expertise to the scientific visualization community - information that comes from centuries of pre-computer visualization by cartographers, and their more recent experiences with computerizing the discipline; (2) to help cartographers cope with the dramatic shift from print cartography to a dynamic virtual cartography for which their role is changing from that of map designer to one of spatial information display (and/or interface) designer; (3) to illustrate the expanded role for cartography in geographic, environmental, planning, and earth science applications that comes with the development of interactive geographic visualization tools. To achieve these goals, the book is divided into three parts. The first sets the historical, cognitive, and technological context for geographic/cartograp... visualization tool development. The second covers key technological, symbolization, and user interface issues. The third provides a detailed look at selected prototype geographic/cartograp... visualization tools and their applications.

  • Air Pollution by Nitrogen Oxides

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 21
    • L. Grant + 1 more
    • English
    Studies in Environmental Science, Volume 21: Air Pollution by Nitrogen Oxides presents the proceedings of the US–Dutch International Symposium on Nitrogen Oxide, held in Maastricht, The Netherlands on May 24–28, 1982. This book provides research and development information related to the national and international policies on nitrogen oxides in the United States, The Netherland, Japan, and elsewhere in Europe. Organized into five sessions encompassing 94 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the atmospheric cycle of nitrogen oxide in terms of source strength, destruction rates, and atmospheric chemistry. This text then examines the fundamental physical and chemical processes involved in the formation of nitrogen oxides. Other chapters consider the regional pulmonary deposition of nitrogen dioxide in man, guinea pigs, rats, and rabbits by using a general mathematical model formulation for the transport of gases in the lungs. This book discusses as well the emission control methods and systems with low nitrogen oxide capability for possible application in The Netherlands and other parts of Europe. This book is a valuable resource for government administrative officials, research scientists, air pollution control experts, and students.

  • Groundwater Ecology

    • 1st Edition
    • Jack A. Stanford
    • English
    Groundwater has long been an object of intense scrutiny. Only recently have methods become available that permit ecologists, hydrologists, and environmental scientists to assess the biotic and abiotic status of these all-important aquifers.

  • Year Book 1990

    Advisory Committee on Pollution of the Sea
    • 1st Edition
    • Patricia Dent
    • English
    This comprehensive yearbook is the only compendium, in any language, of policy, scientific and legal developments concerning the occurrence, regulation and control of marine pollution. The breadth of scope of the volume reflects the increasing concern at all levels of government, scientific enquiry and society with these issues. Comprehensive updates of marine-related legislation and the activities of a number of international and intergovernmental organisations are included. Forewords to each chapter are contributed by prominent politicans and experts in the field of environmental science. Over 200 references and numerous tables and illustrations augment the wealth of data within the text, including several case studies and coverage of recent conventions. In the light of increasing pressure on the marine environment from human activities, the yearbook provides a unique contribution to the study of marine pollution worldwide.

  • A Review of the Radiosensitivity of the Tissues in Bone

    A Report Prepared for Committees 1 and 2 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection and Received by the Committees on April 3, 1967
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English
    A Review of the Radiosensitivity of the Tissues in Bone is a report prepared by the Task Group for the International Commission on Radiological Protection Committees 1 and 2. The book reviews a biological indicator of the maximum permissible radiation dose. Data shows that an induction of malignant change should be considered as the limiting factor in maximum permissible levels for the bone. The risk of carcinogenesis in cells is connected with the proliferative potential of the cells. These cells are on bone marrow surfaces, in hematopoietic marrow, and in certain epithelial cells close to bone surfaces. The text also reviews the changes in the patterns of distribution resulting from growth and remodeling of bone. The book examines the effect of distribution of alkaline earth, of plutonium, of thorium, of americium, and of phosphorus in bone growth. The book also evaluates the comparative tumorigenic effects of external and internal irradiation of bone and the factors to be considered in determining the dose limitation from bone-seeking radionuclides. This book can prove beneficial to researchers and practitioners in the fields of radiology, internal medicine, or oncology.

  • Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control

    • 1st Edition
    • Martin B. B. Hocking
    • English
    Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control integrates industrial chemistry with pollution control and environmental chemistry. This unified approach provides practicing professionals and consultants with a concise yet authoritative handbook covering the Key Features, relative importance, and environmental impact of currently operating chemical processes. It also meets the critical needs of students training for industrial careers.Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control considers community, municipal, power generation, industrial, and transportation components of environmental impact. The book covers the major inorganic and organic commodity chemicals; aluminum, iron and steel, and copper prodution; pulp and paper; fermentation; petroleum production and refining. It also includes key topics and process details for major peterochemicals and large-scale consumer and engineering polymers. This single, convenient volume describes aspects of recycling at the industrial and post-consumer levels, and emphasizes a quantitative approach as used in the author's well-known lifecycle work with disposable and reusable cups.

  • The Effects of Weapons on Ecosystems

    Unep Studies
    • 1st Edition
    • J. P. Robinson
    • English
    The Effects of Weapons on Ecosystems is a five-chapter book that describes the destruction of environment and its various ecosystems by humans. The book also explains the harmful effects, both intended and unanticipated, of the production, testing, stockpiling, and use of weapons of mass destruction. Organized into five chapters, the book begins with a classification of weapons of mass destruction and ecosystems. Subsequent chapter reviews the ecosystemic effects of weapons from data of ecological surveys of actual weapon test-sites and theaters of war. The book will clarify some outstanding issues on effects of weapons on ecosystems to concerned individuals, stimulate follow-up studies to advance the cause of disarmament and the protection of the environment, and lead to further action on these issues.

  • Basic Water and Wastewater Treatment

    Butterworths Basic Series
    • 1st Edition
    • T H Y Tebbutt
    • English
    Basic Water and Wastewater Treatment discusses the water cycle, flow measurement, physical treatment processes, chemical treatment processes, biological treatment process, and sludge handling and treatment. The book also describes the use of the BASIC computer program to calculate problems involving water pollutants. Flow measurements involve the use of a gauging structure, velocity measurements of a known cross-section, or dilution gauging. To evaluate, in quantitative terms, the effects of a certain pollutant discharged and received by a body of water, the investigator can employ a tool in chemical dilution gauging—the mass balance analysis. Many microorganisms, organic and inorganic compounds degrade in a natural process of self-purification; their decay can be modeled as an exponential function. One standard of water treatment facility or wastewater treatment plant cannot be built to deal with all the various components of water pollution. The book cites relevant standards such as the EC Directive 80/778/EEC: "Quality of Water Intended for Human Consumption" in the EU; the "Safe Drinking Water Act" in the U.S.A.; and the "Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality" issued by the World Health Organization. The book describes water quality parameters, water supply sources, and wastewater collection, including its treatment and disposal.

  • Environmental Pollutants—Selected Analytical Methods

    Scope 6
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English
    Environmental Pollutants - Selected Analytical Methods (SCOPE6) presents a number of carefully chosen analytical methods for use in the determination of trace amounts of certain substances in the environment. This compilation is prepared by the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE), an international council of scientists who provide advice with respect to environmental problems. The book contains a wide variety of methods in the determination of chemical elements and compounds in various segments of the environment, in air, water, soil and biota. The methods described in the compendium include Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry in the determination of airborne particulate lead, cadmium, cobalt, and vanadium. The use of the Ring Oven Technique in the determination of airborne particulate zinc, nickel, and copper is discussed. The determination of mercury in the air, water, and biological media is also elucidated. The book will be of great use to chemists, ecologists, biologists, and researchers concerned with environmental pollution monitoring.

  • Environmental Policy and the Economy

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 206
    • F.J. Dietz + 2 more
    • English
    This volume focuses on issues of vital interest in environmental policy making. Knowledge is needed about the impacts of economic processes on the environment and vice versa; people's preferences regarding the environmental quality (including the availability of (non)renewable natural resources) must be known; and knowledge concerning the effectiveness and efficiency of the available policy instruments is essential. These issues are dealt with in various contributions on environmental-econom... modelling, valuation of the environment, the design of environmental policies and the economic consequences of environmental policy.

  • Environmental Pollution and Control

    • 3rd Edition
    • P Aarne Vesilind + 2 more
    • English
    Environmental Pollution and Control, Third Edition focuses on the aspects of environmental engineering science and technology, including water pollution, wastewater, sludge treatment, and water pollution legislation. The book first elaborates on environmental and water pollution and measurement of water quality. Discussions focus on chemical oxygen demand, bacteriological measurements, heavy metals, effect of pollution on streams, lakes, and oceans, biodegradation, population responses, and exposure and latency. The publication also takes a look at water supply and water treatment, including disinfection, filtration, settling, coagulation and flocculation, water transmission, and groundwater and surface water supplies. The manuscript examines the collection and treatment of wastewater, sludge treatment and disposal, and nonpoint source water pollution. Topics include control technologies applicable to nonpoint source pollution, sources of sludge, ultimate disposal, onsite wastewater disposal, central wastewater treatment, and tertiary treatment. The text also elaborates on water pollution law, solid wastes, resource recovery, and hazardous wastes. The publication is a valuable reference for environmental pollution experts and readers interested in environmental pollution and control.

  • Municipal Solid Waste Recycling in Western Europe to 1996

    • 1st Edition
    • R. Reidy
    • English
    Please note this is a Short Discount publication.This market research Report provides essential information for all people involved in planning for waste disposal & recycling in the 1990's, including:★ Local authorities★ Waste Collection Equipment suppliers★ Consumers of recycled materials★ Engineering professionals★ Financial institutions considering this business★ Manufacturers of paper, glass & aluminiumIt presents market data and analysis for solid waste focusing on household/consumer waste, and provides information on the following key areas:★ The market for recycled waste by volume & value★ Demographic Data for West Europe★ Waste generation by type★ Separation & Recovery at source★ Quantity of non–hazardous solid waste generated each year until 1996★ Where it will be generatedPlus addressing current topical areas including:★ Current and forthcoming legislation★ Organisation of waste collection★ Central Waste Sorting★ Disposal Methods eg. Separation, Composting, Landfill, Incineration★ Recovery and recycling of specific materials including:Paper; Glass; Separated Fuel; Aluminium Cans; Plastic; Batteries; Other scrapped metals★ Acceptability of recycled materials★ Incentive schemes

  • Estuarine Interactions

    • 1st Edition
    • Martin L. Wiley
    • English
    Estuarine Interactions is a compilation of papers presented at the Fourth International Estuarine Research Federation Conference, held at the Mount Airy Lodge, Mount Pocono, Pennsylvania in October 1977. The compendium consists of scientific investigations on the structure and functioning of estuaries and adjacent environments. This volume includes the written form of the invited papers that were part of eight sessions. Papers presented deal with topics on estuarine management needs, impacts of coastal engineered systems, and productivity and initial photosynthate dispersion in the ecosystem. Natural catastrophic events in the estuarine environment, the impact of possible climatic changes on estuarine ecosystems, and pollutant cycling and water quality are likewise discussed. Estuarine scientists will find the book invaluable.

  • Energy, Resources and Environment

    Papers Presented at the First U.S.-China Conference on Energy, Resources and Environment, 7-12 November 1982, Beijing, China
    • 1st Edition
    • S.W. Yuan
    • English
    Energy, Resources and Environment documents the first U.S.-China Conference and discusses the concerns about the world's energy situation, such as its resource, environmental effects, and possible alternative sources. The book is comprised of 72 chapters including the keynote address, five lecture papers, and 66 technical papers that are organized according to its contents, specifically the type of energy it discusses. The text begins with the keynote address, and then discusses the plenary and technical papers. The plenary papers discuss the importance of energy, resources, environment, and future development. The technical papers cover the technological advancement of alternative energy source and their application. The conference covers the following theme: chemical fuels, coal energy, electric power systems, energy conservation, geothermal and other natural energy, hydropower, ice storage for cooling, solar energy, wind energy, economic aspect of energy utilization, and impact of energy on the environment. The book will be of great interest to individuals concerned with the development of alternative energy sources. Researchers whose work involves alternative energy will be able to make use of this book as a reference material.

  • Nitrogen Behavior in Field Soil

    • 1st Edition
    • Donald R. Nielsen
    • English
    Nitrogen in the Environment, Volume 1: Nitrogen Behavior in Field Soil is the first of a two-volume treatise based on manuscripts presented at the international conference on ""Nitrogen in the Environment,"" held at the University of California Conference Center, Lake Arrowhead, in February, 1977. All original manuscripts were revised in accordance with discussions at the conference. The chapters published in these volumes are those revised manuscripts, with provisions in each chapter to preserve the major suggestions for their improvement. These two volumes—Nitrogen Behavior in Field Soil and Soil-Plant-Nitrogen Relationships—should be of value in bringing into perspective current knowledge on selected aspects of nitrogen in the environment. This book contains 26 chapters and begins with a paper on field trials with isotopically labeled nitrogen fertilizer. Separate chapters follow on topics such as computer simulation modeling for nitrogen in irrigated croplands; spatial variability of nitrogen in soils; application of gaseous-diffusion theory to measure denitrification; and measurement and prediction of anaerobiosis in soils.

  • Advances in Oxytocin Research

    Proceedings of a Symposium Held on 1st May 1964 Under the Auspices of the Blair-Bell Research Society at the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Sussex Place, Regent's Park, London, England
    • 1st Edition
    • J. H. M. Pinkerton
    • English
    Advances in Oxytocin Research documents the proceedings of a symposium held by the Blair-Bell Research Society at the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, London, England, on 1st May 1964. Oxytocin was chosen as the subject of the symposium due to recent important work on its physiology and pharmacology, and the availability of a new method of administering the drug for the induction of labor in women after extensive study in America, Europe, and Great Britain. The volume contains papers presented by during the two sessions held during the symposium. The first session on the physiology and pharmacology of oxytocin includes studies on the circulatory effects of oxytocin, release of oxytocin during parturition, and the release of oxytocin in domestic animals. The second session on clinical applications includes papers on the endocrine control of labour, clinical trials of buccal oxytocin, and tge oxytocin sensitivity test. Also included are the opening remarks by Sir Arthur Bell, President of the Blair-Bell Society and the Chairman’s Introduction at the beginning of each session.

  • Changing the Global Environment

    Perspectives on Human Involvement
    • 1st Edition
    • Daniel B. Botkin + 2 more
    • English
    Changing the Global Environment: Perspectives on Human Involvement focuses on the extent of global environmental changes and the extent to which technology can be employed to improve the global environment. This book is divided into three sections. Section I sets forth a broad perspective on specific conceptual issues of concern such as the sustainable use of the global ocean; deforestation and extinction of species; large-scale alteration of biological productivity due to transported pollutants; and soil degradation and conversion of tropical rainforests. The second section discusses technologies of remote sensing, computer-based data systems, and advanced chemical analytical techniques. The interactions among social, environmental, and economic goals and the role that technological advances might play in attaining these goals are deliberated in Section III. This publication is valuable to environmentalists and students interested in how technologies can change man’s perception of the environment.

  • Lake and Reservoir Restoration

    • 1st Edition
    • G. Dennis Cooke + 2 more
    • English
    Lake and Reservoir Restoration deals with the eutrophication process and the methods to protect, restore, and manage lakes and reservoirs. The most common in-lake techniques or procedures, plus nutrient diversion, are reviewed with regard to their scientific basis, methods of application, known effectiveness, feasibility, drawbacks, and costs. Areas for further research and development are also highlighted. This book is comprised of 16 chapters organized into four sections. After an introduction to the theory of the problem and the restoration technique, the discussion turns to the various restoration methods such as those used for physical and chemical control of nutrients. Diversion and advanced waste treatment, hypolimnetic withdrawal, and dilution and flushing are considered along with phosphorus precipitation and inactivation, sediment oxidation, sediment removal, and hypolimnetic aeration. Case studies and success stories are presented and the costs and potential negative impacts of the methods are examined. The following chapters focus on methods to control plant biomass, including artificial circulation, water-level drawdown, harvesting, biological control, and surface and sediment covers. A chapter on liming acidified lakes concludes this text. This monograph will be useful to professional limnologists and engineers, on-site lake or reservoir managers, and those who are interested in learning about the problems and management of lakes and reservoirs.

  • Perceptual Modification

    Adapting to Altered Sensory Environments
    • 1st Edition
    • Robert B. Welch
    • Edward C. Carterette + 1 more
    • English
    Perceptual Modification: Adapting to Altered Sensory Environments is about the study of human perception using a particular research strategy: the systematic alteration of vision or audition. It is assumed that by observing how the sensory apparatus copes with this disturbance it will be possible to formulate valuable hypotheses about the structure and development of ""normal"" perception and perceptual-motor coordination. The specific goals of this book are, first, to organize the vast and confusing literature on adaptation to perceptual rearrangement and, second, to assess its contribution to the understanding of ""normal"" perception and perceptual learning. The book begins with discussions of adaptation to small prism-induced displacements of the visual field. Separate chapters follow on the proposition that adaptation to prismatic displacement and other forms of rearrangement is actually a form of learning; adaptation to inverted and reversed vision; optical tilt; illusory motions of the visual field; size-depth distortions; and distortions of form. Subsequent chapters deal with studies of auditory rearrangement; examine individual and interspecies differences in adaptability; and the study of adaptation to the visual distortions encountered by the underwater observer. The book is written for researchers and graduate students in experimental psychology. It will be of value and interest whether the reader is a specialist in the area of perceptual modification, or indeed a generalist.

  • Ground Water Problems

    Proceedings of the International Symposium Held in Stockholm
    • 1st Edition
    • E. Eriksson + 2 more
    • English
    Ground Water Problems, Volume 11 presents the proceedings of the International Symposium held in Stockholm, Sweden in October 1966. The book covers the influence of topography on ground water formation; the ground water in Precambrian rocks in Southern Sweden; and the ground water conditions in the sedimentary rocks of Scania. The text also includes papers on the short-time variation of the ground water; some hydrogeological aspects on aquifers, especially Eskers; and the chemistry of ground waters. The tracers for ground water investigations; the protected areas for ground water sources; and the ground water production from the bedrock of Sweden are also encompassed. The book further tackles the ground water draft from earth layers; artificial replenishment of ground water; and the excursion to the Verka district.

  • Environmental Impact of Energy Strategies Within the EEC

    A Report Prepared for the Environment and Consumer Protection, Service of the Commission of the European Communities
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English
    Environmental Impact of Energy Strategies within the EEC is a report prepared for the Environment and Consumer Protection Service of the Commission of the European Communities. The report aims to examine the effects on the environment of the production and use of different forms of energy within the community and to determine the scope for minimizing environmental impact through the adoption of appropriate energy strategies. After an introduction, this report presents in Sections 2 and 3 the summary, conclusions, and recommendations presented at the time of the Nuclear Hearings. The main body of the report is further divided into two parts. Part A contains the assessment of future community energy needs and the forecasts of primary energy supply according to various alternative energy strategies. Part B focuses on the potential environmental consequences resulting from the production and consumption of different sources of energy.

  • Methods of Treatment of Unstable Ground

    • 1st Edition
    • F G Bell
    • English
    Methods of Treatment of Unstable Ground focuses on the methods of treatment that have been adopted by engineers in their attempts to make unstable ground usable. These methods are meant to stabilize ground, either temporarily as in ground-water lowering or freezing techniques, or permanently as in grouting. This book is comprised of 11 chapters. The first of which reviews some of the modern techniques in addressing problems caused by unstable ground, including those caused by water in excavations, instability of natural or excavated slopes, the settlement of structures on soft or loose soils, and subsidence due to extraction of minerals from the ground. These techniques range from ground-water lowering to the use of an impermeable barrier around the excavation to prevent inflow and at the same time maintain the surrounding water table at its normal level. Attention then turns to the use of electro-osmosis and electrochemical stabilization in ground engineering; control of groundwater by excluding it through grouting; and fundamental conditions governing the penetration of grouts. The remaining chapters explore grout selection based on engineering performance; ground conditions in mining areas; clay grouting and alluvial grouting; and ground freezing. Finally, the use of cement to stabilize soil and of vibroflotation to improve poor ground below foundations of structures is described. This book should prove useful to engineers engaged in ground engineering.

  • Urban Discharges and Receiving Water Quality Impacts

    Proceedings of a Seminar organized by the IAWPRC/IAHR Sub-Committee for Urban Runoff Quality Data, as Part of the IAWPRC 14th Biennial Conference, Brighton, U. K., 18–21 July 1988
    • 1st Edition
    • J. B. Ellis
    • English
    Urban Discharges and Receiving Water Quality Impacts covers the proceedings of a seminar organized by the IAWPRC/IAHR Sub-Committee for Urban Runoff Quality Data, as part of the IAWPRC 14th Biennial Conference. The book presents papers that discuss the methods and procedures for the control and management of urban discharges. The topics covered in the text include the impact of the quality and quantity of overflow on receiving water; impact of nonpoint pollution on a great lakes freshwater harbor-estuary; and microbiological impacts of storm sewer overflows. The book also tackles hydraulic performance and control of pollutants discharged from a combined sewer storage overflow; urban stormwater reduction and quality improvement through the use of permeable pavements; and water quality indices for the management of surface water quality. The text will be of great use to researchers and professionals concerned with effects of urban discharge on aquatic environment.

  • Fundamentals

    • 2nd Edition
    • Frank H. Attix + 1 more
    • English
    Radiation Dosimetry, Second Edition, Volume I: Fundamentals describes the significant aspects and fundamentals of radiation dosimetry. This books deals with the concepts and units of dosimetry; special problems of energy deposition in the microscopic domain; interactions of x and y rays, charged particles, and neutrons with matter; mathematical theory of radiation fields; ionization; and cavity-chamber theory. Other topics discussed include the LET distributions, Compton and photoelectric effect, pair production by photons, dosimetry principles, and interactions of neutrons with tissue elements. The calculation of neutron dose in large objects; ionization in gases, liquids, and solids; and cavity dimensions comparable with the electron ranges are also deliberated. This publication likewise covers the measurement of absorbed dose and exposure and application of cavity theory to devices other than the ionization chamber. This volume is a valuable reference for radiation workers, but is also beneficial to students and researchers interested in radiation dosimetry.

  • Ecology of the Northern Lowland Bogs and Conifer Forests

    • 1st Edition
    • James A. Larsen
    • English
    Ecology of the Northern Lowland Bogs and Conifer Forests is a book on the ecology of bogs and conifer swamps and, to some extent, the marshlands. The chapters that follow are, for the most part, a review of what is known about the northern bogs and lowland forests, written in the terminology of science in the hope, as well as the expectation, that such knowledge will be of value to those who appreciate the beauty of bogs and marshlands, to ecologists and other biological scientists, naturalists, wildlife conservationists, hunters, trappers, construction engineers, as well as to others whose vocations or avocations take them afield. The discussion is devoted, at least primarily, to the ecology of one kind of wetland—the lowland bogs and conifer forests—and treats only in passing the marshlands and other kinds of vegetational communities that are also classified as wetlands. Of particular concern are the lowland peat bogs and forests, especially those that have developed to a point where their identity is indisputable for the simple reason that no other review of accumulated knowledge on these vegetational communities is presently available.

  • The Ozone Layer

    Proceedings of the Meeting of Experts Designated by Governments, Intergovernmental and Nongovernmental Organizations on the Ozone Layer, Organized by the United Nations Environment Programme in Washington, DC, 1-9 March 1977
    • 1st Edition
    • Asit K. Biswas
    • English
    The Ozone Layer contains the proceedings of the Meeting of Experts on the Ozone Layer, organized by the United Nations Environment Programme and held in Washington, DC, on March 1-9, 1977. The papers review all aspects of the ozone layer, including the potential impact of stratospheric pollution and a reduction in the ozone layer on mankind, and encompass fields ranging from stratopheric physics and chemistry to biology, ecology, trade, and economics. This book is comprised of 23 papers and begins with a discussion on the environmental aspects of stratospheric ozone depletion and the effects of changing levels of ultraviolet radiation on phytoplankton, plants, timber production, and human health. Subsequent chapters explore some economic and social implications of a possible ban on the use of fluorocarbons; the link between atmospheric exchange processes and the ozone problem; and industry-sponsored studies on the effects of chlorofluorocarbons on the concentration of atmospheric ozone. The remaining chapters focus on stratospheric and ozone research activities in countries such as Canada, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and the United States. This monograph will be a valuable resource for environmental scientists and policymakers.

  • Fruit Growing

    Rural Studies Activity Guide Book
    • 1st Edition
    • R. T. Dixon
    • S. McB. Carson + 1 more
    • English
    Fruit Growing studies fruits, including its characterization and kinds; essential agricultural, horticultural, and silvicultural practices; and consumption. This book first qualifies what fruit is and then discusses some fruits such as berries and bush fruits. Various practices in growing, maintaining, and harvesting fruits are then examined, including cutting, layering, pruning, stooling, grafting, and pruning. How to plan and maintain a fruit garden is also explained. The latter part concerns itself with fruit storage, preparation, and record keeping. This text is a very helpful guide for those interested in putting up their own fruit garden, as well as to those in the field of agriculture, horticulture, human nutrition, and food technology.

  • Weather Studies

    The Commonwealth and International Library: Rural and Environmental Studies Division
    • 1st Edition
    • L. P. Smith
    • A. R. Gemmell + 2 more
    • English
    Weather Studies presents thorough discussions on various aspects of weather and weather studies. This text first presents the methods of measuring the weather, including measuring the temperature, humidity, rainfall, snowfall, visibility, wind force and direction, and pressure. Then, this book explains how to put these measurements in graphs to better present the data. This topic is followed by discussions on “weather in pairs,” or the relationships of weather measurements, such as of temperature and pressure, wind, and humidity, as well as of visibility and wind direction and humidity. This book ends by discussing local weather and forecasting the weather. This selection will be very invaluable to those studying the weather, including weather researchers, meteorologists, and students of meteorology.

  • Adsorption Processes for Water Treatment

    • 1st Edition
    • Samuel D. Faust + 1 more
    • English
    Adsorption Processes for Water Treatment discusses the application of adsorption in water purification. The book is comprised of 10 chapters that detail the carbon and resin adsorptive processes for potable water treatment. The text first covers the elements of surface chemistry and then proceeds to discussing adsorption models. Chapter 3 tackles the kinetics of adsorption, while Chapter 4 deals with batch systems and fixed fluid beds. Next, the book talks about the physical and chemical properties of carbon. The next two chapters discuss the adsorption of organic compounds and the removal of inorganic compounds, respectively. The eighth chapter presents operational, pilot plant, and case studies. Chapter 9 discusses the biological activated carbon treatment of drinking water, and Chapter 10 covers the adsorption of macroreticular resins. The book will be of great use to both researchers and professionals involved in the research and development of water treatment process.

  • Kenya: A Natural Outlook

    Geo-Environmental Resources and Hazards
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 16
    • English
    Kenya is a thriving country in East Africa: its economy is largely based on the natural environment that frames the tourism sector, mainly through safaris and holidays on the coast. The natural environment also underpins the second largest industry: agriculture. Kenya’s social, technological, and industrial developments are a reference for many neighboring countries. Kenya plays a leading role in Africa and attracts huge amounts of investments. Furthermore, the humanitarian community has made Nairobi its base for international headquarters and regional offices. This makes Kenya a possible model for development and investment in its widest sense. This book aims at updating the holistic view on Kenya’s natural environment and resources. It provides a sound scientific introduction to this country’s physical and socioeconomic setting and its evolution through time and will appeal to a broad audience of students – in Kenya and abroad – as well as those working in the development and humanitarian sectors and to international donors looking for a scientific compendium on Kenya’s environment. Its structure and references allow the reader to deepen his or her knowledge of every theme touched on in the book.

  • Lakes of New York State

    Ecology of the Finger Lakes
    • 1st Edition
    • Jay A. Bloomfield
    • English
    Lakes of New York State, Volume I: Ecology of the Finger Lakes describes the state of Finger Lakes, which is a group of eleven elongated bodies of water of glacial origin in the west-central portion of New York, and its respective watershed. This book assesses the structure of the Finger Lakes’ plant and animal communities and how these communities interact with the abiotic components of the environment. The condition of the lakes from the standpoint of fish population dynamics are also analyzed, including an examination of the various physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the lakes' ecosystem. This text ranks the Finger Lakes into a unilateral trophic list by tabulating their trophic information according to three commonly used indicator measurements— average summer Secchi disc depth, average summer chlorophyll a concentration, and average winter total phosphorus level. This publication is valuable to limnologists and ecologists working on temperate zone freshwater lakes.

  • Biometeorological Methods

    • 1st Edition
    • R. E. Munn
    • Douglas H. K. Lee + 2 more
    • English
    Biometeorological Methods provides a unified look at methodologies in biometeorology. Examples of biometeorological studies have been chosen not because the results are necessarily significant but because the method is instructive. The book begins with a brief survey of biometeorology to orient the reader approaching the subject for the first time. The remaining chapters seek to place in perspective the various experimental, empirical, analytical, and physical methods that are being used or could be used in biometeorology. Key topics discussed include space and time considerations in the sampling of the atmosphere; the design of biometeorological experiments; the use of tables, graphs, and charts in the search for biometeorological relationships; statistical and physical methods; and the synoptic approach. Also covered are studies on seasonal relationships, past climates, and climatic classification and indices. The present volume should be of value to anyone seeking assistance in the design of experiments and analysis of environmental data.

  • Kinetics of Wastewater Treatment

    Proceedings of a Post-Conference Seminar Held at the Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, 1978
    • 1st Edition
    • S. H. Jenkins
    • English
    Kinetics of Wastewater Treatment contains the proceedings of a post-conference seminar held at the Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen in 1978. Separating 10 papers presented in the seminar as chapters, this book begins with the conceptual basis of calcium phosphate precipitation in a denitrifying biofilm. The influence of pH and calcium ions upon phosphorus transformations in biological wastewater treatment plants; sewage treatment by activated sludge; orthokinetic flocculation of phosphate precipitates in a multicomponent reactor with non-ideal flow; and kinetics of phosphorus transformations in aerobic and anaerobic environments are then described. This text also looks into the chemical floc formation in wastewater treatment; temperature dependency of microbial reactions; the influence of some environmental factors on floc kinetics; kinetics of biological flocs; and two step precipitation of calcium phosphates.

  • Environment and Development in Africa

    UNEP Studies
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English
    Environment and Development in Africa is a two-part book that first attempts to weave together a set of forecasts as realistically as possible and in a certain sense constitutes the scheme of future trends in the environment and development in Africa. The second part investigates three kinds of "eventualities." Scenario 1 looks at dependent growth and environmental misuse. The second scenario is based on the hypothesis that Africa will have greater autonomy in growth or development. This situation will afford greater room for maneuver within which environmental considerations may find their place.

  • Modelling in the Technology of Wastewater Treatment

    • 1st Edition
    • Imre Horváth
    • English
    Modeling in the Technology of Wastewater Treatment discusses the application of scale-up methods, similarity theory approaches, and dimensional analysis to problems of wastewater treatment. The book first introduces the formulation of the problems, and then proceeds to reviewing literatures that tackle the subject matter. In the third chapter, the text discusses the applications of similitude in activated sludge system. The text then details the concept of economic similarity. The book will be of great use to scientists, engineers, and technicians involved in water sanitation process.

  • Systems Analysis in Ecology

    • 1st Edition
    • Kenneth E. F. Watt
    • English
    Systems Analysis in Ecology surveys the problems and techniques of systems analysis in ecology. The opening and closing chapters were written by the editor, the first to explain why systems analysis is needed in ecology and what is meant by the term, and the last to point out the implications of this new approach for the future development of ecology. The book opens with a discussion of the nature of systems analysis. This is followed by separate chapters on the complexity of ecological systems and problems in their study and management; the organization and analytical procedures required by a large ecological systems study; telemetry and automatic data acquisition systems; and surveillance of the activities of small mammals. Subsequent chapters deal with the analysis of bird navigation experiments; the analysis of determination in population systems; building models of complex ecological systems; mathematical tools for the design of better salmon fishery management systems; and the evolution of ecological research programs.

  • Recycling and Deinking of Recovered Paper

    • 1st Edition
    • Pratima Bajpai
    • English
    Paper recycling in an increasingly environmentally conscious world is gaining importance. Increased recycling activities are being driven by robust overseas markets as well as domestic demand. Recycled fibers play a very important role today in the global paper industry as a substitute for virgin pulps. Paper recovery rates continue to increase year after year Recycling technologies have been improved in recent years by advances in pulping, flotation deinking and cleaning/screening, resulting in the quality of paper made from secondary fibres approaching that of virgin paper. The process is a lot more eco-friendly than the virgin-papermaking process, using less energy and natural resources, produce less solid waste and fewer atmospheric emissions, and helps to preserve natural resources and landfill space. Currently more than half of the paper is produced from recovered papers. Most of them are used to produce brown grades paper and board but for the last two decades, there is a substantial increase in the use of recovered papers to produce, through deinking, white grades such as newsprint, tissue, market pulp. By using recycled paper, companies can take a significant step toward reducing their overall environmental impacts. This study deals with the scientific and technical advances in recycling and deinking including new developments.

  • Environmental Medicine

    • 2nd Edition
    • G Melvyn Howe + 1 more
    • English
    Environmental Medicine, Second Edition stresses the importance of the medicine of the environment and emphasizes the advantages which must emanate from a multidisciplinary approach to the method in which environmental factors impinge on the health and wellbeing of the human race. The selection first offers information on the environment, its influences, and hazards to health and trace element concentrations in various environments. Discussions focus on the possible relationships between trace element imbalances and diseases; biological concentration of trace elements; variable relationships between trace elements in soils and vegetables; and trace element concentrations in mining areas. The text then ponders on radiation and health hazards and water in relation to human disease. The manuscript underscores the relationship of weather and climate to health and disease and air pollution in relation to human disease. Topics include effect of meteorological stimuli on normal physiological processes in healthy subjects; effect of weather and climate on miscellaneous biological phenomena in man; and therapeutic applications of human biometeorology. The ecological approach to pesticides and its importance to human disease and the patterns of infectious diseases in developed countries in relation to environmental factors are also discussed. The selection is a dependable source material for health experts and readers interested in environmental medicine.

  • Total Environmental Control

    The Economics of Cross-Media Pollution Transfers
    • 1st Edition
    • Julian Lowe + 2 more
    • English
    Total Environmental Control: The Economics of Cross-Media Pollution Transfers covers the theoretical basis of cross-media transfers of pollution. This book is organized into three parts encompassing 11 chapters that discuss the difference between cross-media transfers and trade-offs. It addresses the common thread of economic analysis. This book deals first with the definitions of voluntary solutions to cross-media problems and provides an introduction to sewage treatment and disposal. The next chapters are concerned with the basic oxygen furnace; description of electric arc furnace; conceptual and practical problems in the evaluation of environmental costs and benefits; and energy requirements for pollution control in specific industries. These topics are followed by discussions of the use of Delphi technique, the environmental energy requirements, and the status of the iron and steel manufacture. The last chapter is devoted to the case studies of fertilizer manufacturers and on the water pollution control. The book can provide useful information to environmentalists, scientists, students, and researchers.

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