Lake and Reservoir Restoration

PrefaceI. Overview 1. Introduction 2. Limnology, Lake Diagnosis, and Selection of Restoration Methods Introduction Lakes and Reservoirs The Eutrophication Process Lake or Reservoir Evaluation Selection of Lake Restoration Alternatives The Lake Improvement-Restoration PlanII. Physical and Chemical Methods to Reduce Nutrient Concentrations 3. Advanced Treatment and Diversion of Wastewater and Stormwater Mechanisms Extent of Recovery Expected Case Studies Costs Further Treatment Following Diversion Needed Research 4. Hypolimnetic Withdrawal Case Studies General Considerations 5. Dilution and Flushing Theory and Predictions Case Studies General Applications and Precautions Summary 6. Phosphorus Precipitation and Inactivation The Reactions of Aluminum and Phosphorus in Lake Water Dose Determination and Application Techniques Case Studies Lake and Reservoir Pretreatment Negative Aspects Costs Needed Research Use of Fly Ash for Phosphorus Inactivation 7. Sediment Oxidation Equipment and Application Rates Case Studies Costs Related Effects 8. Sediment Removal Purposes of Sediment Removal Environmental Concerns Sediment Removal Depth Sediment Removal Techniques Suitable Lake Conditions Dredge Selection and Disposal Area Design Case Studies Costs Summary 9. Hypolimnetic Aeration Principle Sizing Case Studies Undesirable Side Effects CostsIII. Procedures to Control Plant Biomass 10. Artificial Circulation Theoretical Effects of Circulation Devices and Air Quantities Costs Effects of Circulation on Tropic Indicators Undesirable Effects Summary and Recommendations 11. Water-level Drawdown Case Studies Responses of Aquatic Plants to Water-Level Drawdown Positive and Negative Factors Summary 12. Harvesting Objectives and Benefits of Aquatic Plant Control Descriptions of Mechanical Control Technologies Case Studies Summary of Costs Environmental Effects Control of Nutrient Levels Effectiveness Summary 13. Biological Controls Phytophagous Fish Cyanophages and Bacteria Plant Pathogens and Insects Biomanipulation Summary 14. Surface and Sediment Covers for Macrophyte Control Case Studies Sediment Covers—Summary Application Procedures for Sediment Covers Shading of Macrophytes with Surface CoversIV. Acidified Lakes 15. Liming Acidified Lakes Acidification of Lakes Ecological Effects Liming Practices 16. Summary and Conclusions Techniques with Demonstrated Effectiveness Techniques Requiring More Research and Demonstration Acidified Lakes Combinations of Lake Restoration Techniques ConclusionIndex