Environmental Pollution and Control

Preface1. Environmental Pollution Roots of Our Concern with Environmental Pollution Risk Analysis The "Lulu" and the "Nimby" Exposure and Latency Dose-Response Evaluation Population Responses Conclusion Problems2. Water Pollution Sources of Water Pollution Elements of Aquatic Ecology Biodegradation Aerobic and Anaerobic Decomposition Effect of Pollution on Streams Effect of Pollution on Lakes Heavy Metals and Toxic Substances Effect of Pollution on Oceans Conclusion Problems Appendix: Mathematical Description of the Dissolved Oxygen Sag Curve3. Measurement of Water Quality Sampling Dissolved Oxygen Biochemical Oxygen Demand Chemical Oxygen Demand Total Organic Carbon Turbidity Color and Odor PH Solids Nitrogen Phosphates Bacteriological Measurements Viruses Heavy Metals Trace Toxic Organics Conclusion Problems4. Water Supply The Hydrologie Cycle and Water Availability Groundwater Supplies Surface Water Supplies Water Transmission Conclusion Problems5. Water Treatment Coagulation and Flocculation Settling Filtration Disinfection Conclusion Problems6. Collection of Wastewater Estimating Wastewater Quantities System Layout Conclusion Problems7. Wastewater Treatment Wastewater Characteristics Onsite Wastewater Disposal Central Wastewater Treatment Pretreatment Primary Treatment Secondary Treatment Tertiary Treatment Conclusion Problems8. Sludge Treatment and Disposal Sources of Sludge Sludge Treatment Ultimate Disposal Conclusion Problems9. Nonpoint Source Water Pollution The Runoff Process Control Technologies Applicable to Nonpoint Source Pollution Conclusion Problems10. Water Pollution Law Common Law Statutory Law Conclusion Problems11. Solid Waste Quantities and Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste Collection Disposal Options Litter Conclusion Problems12. Solid Waste Disposal Disposal of Unprocessed Refuse Volume Reduction Prior to Disposal Conclusion Problems13. Resource Recovery Recycling Recovery Conclusion Problems14. Hazardous Waste Magnitude of the Problem Waste Processing and Handling Transportation of Hazardous Wastes Resource Recovery Alternatives Hazardous Waste Management Facilities Conclusion Problems15. Radioactive Waste Radiation Health Effects Sources of Radioactive Waste Radioactive Waste Management Conclusion Problems Appendix A: Radioactive Decay16. Solid and Hazardous Waste Law Nonhazardous Solid Waste Hazardous Waste Conclusion Problems17. Air Pollution Types of Air Pollutants Sources of Air Pollution Hazardous Substances Health Effects Effects on Vegetation Effects on Domestic Animals Effects on Materials Effects on Atmosphere Conclusion Problems18. Meteorology and Air Quality Basic Meteorology Horizontal Dispersion of Pollutants Vertical Dispersion of Pollutants Atmospheric Dispersion Cleansing the Atmosphere Conclusion Problems Appendix: Atmospheric Dispersion19. Measurement of Air Quality Measurement of Particulates Measurement of Gases Reference Methods Grab Samples Stack Sampling Smoke and Opacity Conclusion Problems20. Air Pollution Control Source Correction Collection of Pollutants Cooling Treatment Control of Gaseous Pollutants Control of Moving Sources Conclusion Problems21. Air Pollution Law Air Quality and Common Law Statutory Law Conclusion Problems22. Noise Pollution The Concept of Sound Sound Pressure Level, Frequency, and Propagation The Acoustic Environment Health Effects of Noise Conclusion Problems23. Noise Measurement and Control Sound Level Measuring Transient Noise Noise Control Conclusion Problems24. Environmental Impact Procedure for Conducting an EIS Environmental Inventories Environmental Assessment Socioeconomic Impact Assessment Conclusion Problems25. Environmental Ethics Human Benefit from Not Polluting the Environment Duties to Nonhuman Beings: The Environmental Ethic Causes of the Problem of Our Incompatibililty with Nature The Future of the Environmental EthicConversion FactorsGlossary and AbbreviationsIndex