Total Environmental Control

Part I Introduction and Evidence

Chapter I The Cross-Media Problem

Cross-Media Problems: Some Definitions

Voluntary Solutions to Cross-Media Problems

Conclusions

Chapter 2 Transfers to Water - A Case Study

Introduction

'Wet Scrubbing'

Tipping

Sewage Treatment and Disposal

Other Issues

Conclusions

Chapter 3 The Fertilizer Industry

Introduction

Sources of Cross-Media Transfers

Case Studies of Fertilizer Manufacturers

Chapter 4 Iron and Steel and Iron Founding

Introduction

The Basic Oxygen Furnace

The Electric Arc Furnace

Iron Founding

Iron Founding: A Composite Case

Iron Founding: Specific Case

Conclusions

Chapter 5 Energy Requirements of Pollution Control Equipment

Introduction

Environmental Energy Requirements

Energy Requirements for Pollution Control in Specific Industries

Conclusions

Part II Methodology of Assessment

Chapter 6 Cost-Benefit Analysis

Introduction

Conceptual and Practical Problems in the Evaluation of Environmental Costs and Benefits

Conclusion

Chapter 7 An Alternative Approach to Cross-Media Evaluation

The Rationale for Using a 'Delphi' Technique

The Battelle Columbus Approach to Pollutant Weightings

The 'Delphi' Technique: Our Own Experiment

Results

Chapter 8 An Application of the Alternative Approach

Scope of the Analysis

Power Generation

Iron and Steel Manufacture

Iron Founding

Cross-Industry Comparisons and Conclusions

Part III Public Policy and Conclusions

Chapter 9 Comprehensive and Piecemeal Approaches to Control

Introduction

A Comprehensive Approach

An Economic Model

Conclusion and Evaluation

Chapter 10 Standards and Charges

Economic Analysis

Policy Implications

Chapter 11 Conclusion

Appendix I

Author Index

Subject Index