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Elsevier

Books in Earth and planetary sciences

Elsevier's Earth and Planetary Sciences collection brings together pioneering research on the complexities of our planet and beyond. Covering topics from Earth's structural dynamics and ecosystems to planetary exploration, these titles support advancements in geoscience, environmental science, and space studies, offering essential insights for researchers, professionals, and students.

  • Visualization in Modern Cartography

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • A.M. MacEachren + 1 more
    • English
    Visualization in Modern Cartography explores links between the centuries-old discipline of cartography and today's revolutionary developments in scientific visualization. The book has three main goals: (1) to pass on design and symbolization expertise to the scientific visualization community - information that comes from centuries of pre-computer visualization by cartographers, and their more recent experiences with computerizing the discipline; (2) to help cartographers cope with the dramatic shift from print cartography to a dynamic virtual cartography for which their role is changing from that of map designer to one of spatial information display (and/or interface) designer; (3) to illustrate the expanded role for cartography in geographic, environmental, planning, and earth science applications that comes with the development of interactive geographic visualization tools. To achieve these goals, the book is divided into three parts. The first sets the historical, cognitive, and technological context for geographic/cartograp... visualization tool development. The second covers key technological, symbolization, and user interface issues. The third provides a detailed look at selected prototype geographic/cartograp... visualization tools and their applications.

  • Stability of Tidal Inlets

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 23
    • P. Bruun
    • English
    Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, 23: Stability of Tidal Inlets: Theory and Engineering focuses on all aspects related to tidal inlets on littoral drift shores where freshwater flow is small or non-existing. The selection first tackles the development and configuration of tidal inlets and inlet hydraulics. Discussions focus on flow dynamics and nearshore transport, combinations of waves and currents, sediment transport and storage in the tidal entrance, offsets of tidal inlets, natural inlet regimen, migration of inlets, and origin of tidal inlets. The manuscript then examines sediment transport in tidal inlets, stability of tidal inlets on littoral drift shores, and design and improvements of coastal inlets. Topics cover ocean entrance, overall stability condition, hydraulic and sedimentary principles, non-scouring channels, transport of sediments in wave agitated waters, and sediment transport by combined wave and current action. The publication explores improvements by structures, including natural bypassing, types of improvement, and bypassing by structures and bypassing plants or arrangements. The selection is a valuable source of data for researchers interested in the stability of tidal inlets.

  • Shale-Slate Metamorphism in Southern Appalachians

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 10
    • C.E. Weaver
    • English
    Developments in Petrology, Volume 10: Shale-Slate Metamorphism in Southern Appalachians provides information pertinent to shale-slate metamorphism. This book aims to develop a paleothermometer for shales and to be able to predict the reactions that would arise in response to an increase in temperature. Organized into 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the mineral, isotopic, chemical, petrographic, and structural changes that occur during late-stage diagenesis. This text then examines the petrology and texture of a series of physilites ranging from the middle diagenesis zone to the greenschist facies. Other chapters consider the X-ray analyses of the Conasauga samples, which show that most of the parameters that can be measured have a systematic trend that can be related to increasing grade of metamorphism. This book discusses as well chlorite as a common component of shales and low-grade metamorphic rocks. The final chapter deals with the carbonate rocks. This book is a valuable resource for petrologists.

  • Arctic Geology and Petroleum Potential

    Proceedings of the Norwegian Petroleum Society Conference, 15-17 August 1990, Tromso, Norway
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • T.O. Vorren + 6 more
    • English
    Since the search for hydrocarbon resources in the Arcticstarted in the 1930's the exploration activity has expandedinto many of the Arctic regions, and several of the Arcticsedimentary basins have proven to be important sources ofhydrocarbon. Nevertheless, the Arctic continental margins andadjacent onshore areas are still largely unexplored in thecontext of petroleum, and are therefore considered to be oneof the few regions in the world where significant undiscoveredsources of hydrocarbon may exist. The aim of the book is togive an updated overview of the geology of the Arcticsedimentary basins and their petroleum potential. Although thedifferent basins vary significantly as regards sedimentary fill and tectonic evolution, many of the basins share some ofthe characteristics needed to become prolific oil and gasprovinces.The book contains 45 extensively illustratedarticles. It starts with papers on the Mesozoic source rocks,and oceanic natural gas clatrates in the Arctic, respectively.Then follow articles on the regional and petroleum geology ofthe main regions; Greenland, North American Arctic, SovietArctic and the Barents Sea. Particular emphasis is placed onthe Barents Sea. The two last chapters comprise articles onsalt dynamics and methods. The book closes with a paper oninternational law in the Arctic. This volume will be ofinterest to both students and professional earthscientists/petr... explorationists working in the northernlatitudes. It will allow the readers to stay abreast of thedevelopment in this climatic region of the world.

  • The Origin of Arcs

    Invited Papers Presented at the International Conference "The Origin of Arcs", Held at the University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy, September 22nd-25th, 1986
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 21
    • F.-C. Wezel
    • English
    This volume contains a collection of papers presented as distinguished guest lectures at the International Conference on ``The Origin of Arcs'' held at the University of Urbino in September 1986, under the joint sponsorship of the European Union of Geosciences and the Italian Geological Society.The workshop on island and mountain arcs has been organized with the aim of increasing our understanding of the intrinsic nature of orogenic and post-orogenic processes, on the basis of empiric factual data, rather than particular theoretic models. Quite often a trivial piece of field data appears to bear much more weight than many fascinating hypotheses put forward by the human mind. This seems to be much more valid in geology, where a special method is necessitated by the particular nature of the geological phenomena and the time concept. Every general law deduced should be rooted in the study of the earth's development in geological time. It is the editor's opinion that there must first be an inductive picture by means of geological methods and then it must be interpreted by geophysicists in the light of physical laws. The geological method must serve, besides, to test the historical credibility of geophysical theories. It is clear that these two methods, the geological-historica... one and the geophysical one, must be complementary and the one must not substitute the other.Since the problem of the structure and origin of arcs is open to several solutions, different factors being still unexplained, all correctly deduced opinions are considered by the editor. The contributors to this pre-conference volume have been asked to present essential geological results, as concrete as possible, on some basic problems, such as:Are the island and mountain arcs primary or induced features?How have these orogenic festoons developed into their similar regular shapes?What are the relationships between "primary" active arcs and "secondary" mountain arcs?What is the dominant deformational factor in the bulging of the arc?What is the real nature and tectonic significance of the Benioff zone?These papers have been grouped into five more or less natural sections, of which three are defined on the basis of geography. But of course several range broadly and the classification serves only to channel the discussion in a practical way.

  • Progress in Surface and Membrane Science

    Volume 13
    • 1st Edition
    • D. A. Cadenhead + 1 more
    • English
    Physics: 1901-1921 presents the Nobel lectures, presentation addresses, and biographies of scientists who won the Nobel Prize in Physics during the years 1901-1921. These Nobel laureates include Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, Antoine Henri Becquerel, Pierre and Marie Curie, Joseph John Thomson, Gabriel Lippmann, Guglielmo Marconi, Max Planck, and Albert Einstein. Their lectures cover topics ranging from the theory of electrons and the propagation of light to radioactivity, cathode rays, and carriers of negative electricity. This volume begins with the presentation speech by C. T. Odhner, president of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and former rector of the National Archives, for Röntgen, followed by Röntgen's lecture. This is followed by presentation speeches, lectures, and biographies of other physicists such as Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, Pieter Zeeman, Antoine Henri Becquerel, Pierre and Marie Curie, Lord Rayleigh, Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard, Joseph John Thomson, Albert Abraham Michelson, Gabriel Lippmann, Guglielmo Marconi, Carl Ferdinand Braun, Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Wilhelm Wien, Nils Gustaf Dalén, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, and Max von Laue. Other Nobel Prize winners featured in this book are William Henry Bragg, William Lawrence Bragg, Charles Glover Barkla, Max Planck, Johannes Stark, Charles-Édward Guillaume, and Albert Einstein. This book will be of interest to physicists and other scientists.

  • Complexing and Hydrothermal Ore Deposition

    International Series of Monographs on Earth Science
    • 1st Edition
    • Harold C. Helgeson
    • Dean Earl Ingerson
    • English
    Complexing and Hydrothermal Ore Deposition provides a synthesis of fact, theory, and interpretative speculation on hydrothermal ore-forming solutions. This book summarizes information and theory of the internal chemistry of aqueous electrolyte solutions accumulated in previous years. The scope of the discussion is limited to those aspects of particular interest to the geologist working on the problem of hydrothermal ore genesis. Wherever feasible, fundamental principles are reviewed. Portions of this text are devoted to calculations of specific hydrothermal equilibriums in multicomponent solutions at elevated temperatures, including a general examination and evaluation of the solution chemistry and geochemical parameters involved in aqueous transport and deposition of the ore-forming metals. This publication is intended for geologists, but is also beneficial for students conducting research on the components of soil and rock.

  • Transformation of Petroleum in Nature

    International Series of Monographs in Earth Sciences
    • 1st Edition
    • P. F. Andreev + 2 more
    • Dean Earl Ingerson
    • English
    Transformation of Petroleum in Nature is a a comprehensive account of the thermodynamic principles governing petroleum transformations in nature. Topics covered range from the dependence of petroleum properties on geologic-geochemical conditions to processes of spontaneous alteration of organic matter. A considerable section of the book is devoted to the thermodynamic transformation of hydrocarbons. Comprised of nine chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the connection between the properties of petroleum and its geologic age, as well as the basic aspects of the natural phenomenon and the many observed deviations from this basic phenomenon. The role played by a number of catalysts in connection with the transformable material is also considered, along with geochemical transformations of petroleum during the process of migration into the reservoir rocks. Subsequent chapters focus on the phenomenology of spontaneous transformation processes of organic matter; thermodynamics of low-temperature transformation of hydrocarbons; oxidative transformations of petroleum in nature; and the significance of clays in the formation and conversion of petroleum in the earth's crust. The thermocatalytic transformations of heterogeneous organic compounds are also analyzed. This book will be of interest to petroleum geologists and geochemists.

  • Recent Progress in Surface Science

    Volume 2
    • 1st Edition
    • J. F. Danielli + 2 more
    • English
    Recent Progress in Surface Science, Volume 2 is a 10-chapter text that covers the significant advances in some aspects of surface science, including in catalysis, genetic control of cell surface, and cell membrane. The opening chapter deals with the major factors affecting adsorption at the gas-solid interface. The subsequent chapters explore the advances in understanding of heterogeneous catalysis in terms of fundamental surface processes, as well as the concept of dynamic contact angles. These topics are followed by discussions on emulsions, flotation, and the extraordinary complexity of cell surface structures and their chemical components. Other chapters consider the experimental studies on the physiology of pinocytosis and the principles of plastron respiration. The final chapters are devoted to the isolation, characterization, and electronmicroscopic studies of cell membrane. This book is of value to surface scientists, cell biologists, and researchers in the allied fields.

  • The Earth's Age and Geochronology

    • 1st Edition
    • Derek York + 1 more
    • English
    The Earth's Age and Geochronology provides an outline of geochronological methods, applications, and interpretations. This book discusses the fossil fission track method of dating. Organized into 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of an accurate chronometer for measuring time intervals that must contain some sort of mechanism in which it operates at a predictable or known rate. This text then discusses the methodology of dating as well as the importance of long cooling histories. Other chapters consider the application of the experimental method to idealized, undisturbed systems. This book discusses as well the concept that in plutonic environments daughter isotope retention may often not commence until long after crystallization, or the peak of metamorphism. The final chapter deals with the applications of geochronology wherein the effects of selectivity will be particularly evident. This book is a valuable resource for nuclear physicists, astronomers, geologists, cosmologists, geochronologists, experimentalists, and scientists.

  • Recent Advances in Mining and Processing of Low-Grade and Submarginal Mineral Deposits

    Centre for Natural Resources, Energy and Transport, United Nations, New York
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English
    Recent Advances in Mining and Processing of Low-Grade and Submarginal Mineral Deposits reviews advances in the mining and processing of low-grade and submarginal mineral deposits, taking into account the environmental considerations that increasingly are being regarded as a necessary prerequisite to acceptable mineral resources development. The focus is on marginal and sub-marginal ores, as well as ores of above normal cut-off grades which for some reason cannot be mined and/or processed economically at current technological or economic levels. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with an overview of low-grade ore potential, followed by a discussion on the theoretical and practical aspects of in situ mining. Block cave-in place leaching, biological leaching of sulfide ores, and nuclear chemical mining of primary copper sulfides are also considered. Subsequent chapters explore the economics and safety of nuclear chemical copper mining; hydrometallurgy of low-grade copper ores; trends in process metallurgy; and environmental aspects of mining and processing low-grade and submarginal mineral deposits. This monograph should be of interest to mining officials and professionals.

  • Progress in Surface and Membrane Science

    Volume 8
    • 1st Edition
    • D. A. Cadenhead + 2 more
    • English
    Progress in Surface and Membrane Science, Volume 8 covers the developments in the study of surface and membrane science. The book discusses the applications of statistical mechanics to physical adsorption; the impact of electron spectroscopy and cognate techniques on the study of solid surfaces; and the ellipsometric studies of thin films. The text also describes the interfacial photochemistry of bilayer lipid membranes; cell junctions and their development; and the composition and function of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The role of the cell surface in contact inhibition of cell division and the physical adsorption on molecular solids are also considered. Chemists, physiologists, and biophysicists will find the book invaluable.

  • Advances in Hydroscience

    Volume 1
    • 1st Edition
    • Ven Te Chow
    • English
    Advances in Hydroscience, Volume 1 considers the physical theories and mathematical analyses of a broad spectrum of specialized subjects in various branches of hydroscience, including hydrodynamics, hydrology, hydrochemistry, hydrophysics, hydrobiology, hydrometeorology, oceanology, hydrogeology, naval science, and water resources. This book contains five chapters, and begins with a presentation of scientific and engineering advances in the field of sonar and hydroelasticity. The following chapter deals with the fundamental principles and concepts of statistical hydrodynamics in porous media and their significance in various engineering applications. These topics are followed by a discussion on the concepts of theoretical incompressible fluid dynamics, with a special emphasis on the field of hydroballistics. The last chapter provides first a brief introduction to the basic principles and fundamental equations of well hydraulics, followed by a survey of its importance to water economy in arid and semiarid regions of the world. This book will be of great value to research workers and practitioners in the interdisciplinary field of hydroscience.

  • Empirical Metallogeny

    Depositional Environments, Lithologic Associations and Metallic Ores
    • 1st Edition
    • Peter Laznicka
    • English
    Empirical Metallogeny: Depositional Environments, Lithologic Associations, and Metallic Ores, Vol. 1: Phanerozoic Environments, Associations, and Deposits, Part B focuses on the composition, characteristics, properties, and reactions of Phanerozoic metallic ore deposits. The book first offers information on intracrustal and subcrustal environments and plutonic granite, diorite, (gabbro) association (GDG) and its aureole. Discussions focus on petrography, origin, and setting of GDG plutonic rocks; mineralization styles associated with Phanerozoic (higher-level) granite, diorite, (gabbro) association; copper skarns and carbonate replacements; and magnetite skarn and replacement deposits. Manganese, uranium, antimony, mercury, and arsenic deposits, hydrothermal iron ores, and hydrothermal-plutoni... silver deposits are also discussed. The publication also takes a look at high- to medium-grade metamorphosed terrains, katazonal granites and pegmatites and continental fragmentation, rifts, and paleo-rifts. Topics include examples of modern rift and taphrogenic systems; mineralization styles in and related to the zone of ultrametamorphism and granitization; and petrography, origin, and setting of high-grade metamorphic terrains. The text is a valuable reference for readers interested in the study of Phanerozoic metallic ore deposits.

  • Logistics and Benefits of Using Mathematical Models of Hydrologic and Water Resource Systems

    Selected Papers with Summary of Discussions from the International Symposium on Logistics and Benefits of Using Mathematical Models of Hydrologic and Water Resource Systems, Pisa, Italy, 24—26 October 1978
    • 1st Edition
    • A.J. Askew + 2 more
    • English
    Logistics and Benefits of Using Mathematical Models of Hydrologic and Water Resource Systems is a collection of paper that details the experiences in the operational and logistical aspects of utilizing water resource models. The title provides the general report on model structure and classification; experiences of the hydrologic engineering center in maintaining widely used hydrologic and water resource computer models; and the operational experience of on-line hydrological simulation. The selection also covers the implementation and application of a suite for the simulation of complex water resource systems in evaluation and planning studies; and the use of a groundwater model in the design, performance; and the assessment, and operation of a river regulation scheme. The book will be of great use to researchers and practitioners of hydrological sciences.

  • Introduction to the Mechanics of the Solar System

    • 1st Edition
    • Rudolf Kurth
    • English
    Introduction to the Mechanics of the Solar System introduces the reader to the mechanics of the solar system and covers topics ranging from the periods of the planets to their flattening and its effects on the orbits of satellites. Kepler's three laws of planetary motion are also discussed, along with the law of gravity; the two-body problem; and perturbations in the motions of the moon and the planets. This book is comprised of four chapters and begins with an analysis of the kinematics of a single planet, focusing on the work of Johannes Kepler, particularly his determination of the orbits of the Earth and Mars and his formulation of his three laws of planetary motion. The following chapters explore systems of ordinary differential equations; determination of orbits using Laplace's method and Gauss' method; the equations of motion and their integrals; the perturbation equations of celestial mechanics; and Lagrange's solution of the three-body problem. The notations of the Earth and the moon are also considered. This monograph is intended for astronomers and astronomy students.

  • Gemmology

    • 1st Edition
    • P. G. Read
    • English
    Gemmology is a text for students preparing for the Gemmological Association's Preliminary and Diploma examinations. The book is more expansive and up-to-date than the author's earlier book, Beginner's Guide to Gemmology. The book deals with the practical and theoretical sides of gemmology. Tracing the background and science of gemmology, the book covers the gem material, geological formation, and occurrence of gemstones on the earth. The composition of gemstones from the atoms, elements, molecules, and compounds comprising them is analyzed, and the relationship between chemical composition and durability of the stone is explained. The basics of crystallography is mentioned as a tool toward understanding gemmology after which cleavage, parting, and fracture are done. A gemstone's durability and hardness and how the latter influences engineering tests and the mining techniques are compared. An important test technique to identify unmounted stones is the measure of specific gravity using displacement measurement methods and hydrostatic methods. After more descriptive details are given in identification of gemstones, whether these are synthetic or simulants, through a comprehensive explanation of the materials found in these other gemstones, the fashioning, through shaping or polishing, of gemstones is explained. Emphasis is given on the critical angle in which light rays pass in different rock densities, and then the cutting styles, gemstone polishing, and grading are discussed. Students studying for the Gemmological Association's Preliminary and Diploma examinations, jewelers, lapidarists, and diamond cutters, as well as those engaged in the hobby of gemmology, will find this book helpful and full of information toward their endeavors and hobbies.

  • Thematic Mapping From Satellite Imagery: A Guidebook

    • 1st Edition
    • J. Denègre
    • English
    Thematic Mapping from Satellite Imagery: A Guidebook discusses methods in producing maps using satellite images. The book is comprised of five chapters; each chapter covers one stage of the process. Chapter 1 tackles the satellite remote sensing imaging and its cartographic significance. Chapter 2 discusses the production processes for extracting information from satellite data. The next chapter covers the methods for combining satellite-derived information with that obtained from conventional sources. Chapter 4 deals with design and semiology for cartographic representation, and Chapter 5 presents examples of applications. The book will be of great use to cartographers who want to utilize satellite imaging in generating a map.

  • Photogeology and Regional Mapping

    • 1st Edition
    • J. A. E. Allum
    • Robert Maxwell
    • English
    Photogeology and Regional Mapping covers the geological interpretation of aerial photographs, the compilation of the interpretations on to maps, the use of aerial photographs in the field, and the use of aerial photography for the production of the final geological map. This book is organized into 10 chapters and starts with an introduction to the aerial photograph. The subsequent chapters deal with the properties of the aerial photograph, including the scale, parallax and their difference. These chapters also survey the process of stereoscopy, the stereoscopic vision, pseudoscopic vision, and setting up the aerial photographs. These topics are followed by discussions on interpretation of the aerial photographs encoded into a map. Other chapters describe the production of the photogeological map and field mapping with the use of aerial photographs. The last chapters consider the compilation of the encoded aerial photographs made into maps and the photogrammetry for geologists that explains the minor control plot, detail plotting, measurement of height differences using a stereometer. This book will be of value to geologists.

  • Seismic Effects on Structures

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 67
    • E. Juhásová
    • English
    This monograph deals with the problem of dynamic behaviour and seismic response of structures which are designed and constructed in seismic regions. Extensive attention is given to description of measuring methods, methods of evaluation of results and determination of dynamic properties of structures. The questions of linear and non-linear seismic response are solved taking into account the peculiarities of stiffness and damping and the demands of proper seismic design and the protecting of structures against unfavourable seismic effects. There is detailed analysis of torsional sesimic effects on structures with asymmetrical disposition in plan, of the influence of higher axial forces on the seismic response and of the problems of soil-structure interaction. The experimental results are extensively documented, with graphs, tables, photographs and a keyword index.This volume will interest structural engineers, engineers-designers, geophysicists, mechanical and geotechnical engineers. It is intended to serve both readers already acquainted with problems of earthquake engineering and beginners in this field.

  • Arctic Communications

    Proceedings of the Eighth Meeting of the AGARD Ionospheric Research Committee, Athens, Greece, July 1963
    • 1st Edition
    • B. Landmark
    • English
    Arctic Communications is a compilation of the proceedings of the Eighth Meeting of the Ionospheric Research Committee of NATO's Advisory Group for Aeronautical Research and Development, held in Athens, Greece in July 1963. The meeting provided a forum for discussing advances in communications equipment used to conduct research in the Arctic and covered a wide range of topics such as the physical properties of the Arctic ionosphere; Arctic high-frequency communications; soundings and field strength measurements; and observations in the Arctic during nuclear tests. This book is comprised of 25 chapters and begins with a discussion on experimental studies of high latitude absorption phenomena, including auroral absorption, polar cap absorption, and sudden commencement absorption. Direct measurements of D-region electron densities during the absorption periods are also presented. Subsequent chapters focus on the ionospheric absorption of cosmic noise observed at geomagnetically conjugate points; ionospheric ionization produced by solar flares; military communication facilities in the Canadian Arctic; and radio noise problems in Arctic regions. Phase instabilities on a very-low-frequency transmission path passing through the auroral zone are also considered. This monograph will be of particular value to scientists and researchers with interest in the Arctic.

  • Natural Therapy

    A Manual of Physiotherapeutics and Climatology
    • 1st Edition
    • Thomas D. Luke + 1 more
    • English
    Natural Therapy: A Manual of Physiotherapeutics and Climatology discusses natural ways of healing and treating certain diseases and disorders. The authors discuss the use of water in bath-treatments as used by John Smedley, Winternitz, or through methods known as "Kaltwasser Kuranstalten," or "Kneipp cure." The book explains the general principles of hydrotherapy or the systematic application of water at different temperatures in varying ways to the body surface. Water can have a therapeutic effect due to its temperature, volume, mechanical means, and chemical forms. The authors also discuss taking baths including general precautions (after physical exertion), techniques (arm, foot bath), use of drip sheet, and douches. Water in Nauheim baths are either naturally or artificial charged, in varying degrees, with carbonic acid gas, and mixed with small amounts of chloride and sulphate of soda. The bath is good for the circulatory system. The authors discuss other natural methods of treatment such as steam bath, massages, hydro-electric baths, and special diet cures. This book can be helpful for care givers, health workers, physical therapists, practioners of alternative or holistic medicine, and general readers who have an interest in natural treatment and healing.

  • Surveying Instruments and their Operational Principles

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 62
    • L. Fialovszky
    • English
    The book gives a detailed theoretical background of the constructional principles of instruments necessary for the most general tasks of surveying. Undergraduate and graduate students will find it very useful in surveying studies to get acquainted with the broad variety of instruments, both classical and new ones. At the same time, specialists in surveying will also find the book full of new material. The book contains about 600 pictures, including photographs and detailed descriptions of the most representative types of instrumentation. Older types of instruments already out of use, or used only occasionally, are described in broad outline, mentioning basic principles, methods of testing and possibilities for their modernization. New categories of instruments, such as gyroscopes, compensation levelling instruments, electronic theodolites, distance meters and tacheometers, are dealt with in more detail. Care has been taken to include the automation which is rapidly spreading in all fields of instrument manufacture, being necessary to reduce manual operations.The book is intended for builders, architects, technicians, teachers of surveying and professional manufacturers.

  • Geomorphological Processes

    Studies in Physical Geography
    • 1st Edition
    • E Derbyshire + 2 more
    • K. J. Gregory
    • English
    Geomorphological Processes describes land forms and land form changes, particularly regarding the rates of operation of these events. This book describes the mechanics of the geomorphological processes; the text also shows the application of an equation to explain trends in geomorphology that involves land forms (or results, a dependent variable), processes, and materials (both independent variables). The authors explain endogenetic and exogenetic processes, as well as the control systems approach. They explain the drainage basin processes which collect, concentrate, and promote water mobility and sedimentation. They also discuss the coastal processes concerning waves, tidal variations, sediment budgets, hydrodynamics of near-shore zones; the book also addresses shoreline configuration, planning, and coastal protection. The authors analyze the cryonival and glacial process such as the formation of ice in the landscape, glacial erosion, debris entrainment, meltwater erosion, and glaci-aquatic sedimentation. The text shows the difficulty of measuring the parameters in the relationship between water action and sediment movement. This book is intended for first or second year students in geology, hydrology, and those whose majors are in meteorology. It can also benefit readers whose interest lie with the environment or with the general earth sciences.

  • Physical Characteristics of Soils, Plasticity, Settlement Calculations, Interpretation of In-Situ Tests

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume I
    • English
    Practical Problems in Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 1: Physical Characteristics of Soils, Plasticity, Settlement Calculations, Interpretation of In-Situ Tests presents the analysis and calculation procedures for the solution of geotechnical problems. The book contains example problems with detailed step-by-step solutions. The text emphasizes the application of theoretical soil mechanics to geotechnical engineering. Chapters provide example problems and solutions on the physical characteristics of soil, water in the soil, settlement calculations, plasticity and shear strength, plastic equilibrium, and interpretation of in-situ tests. Civil engineers and civil engineering students will find the book highly useful.

  • Elastic Analysis of Soil-Foundation Interaction

    • 1st Edition
    • A.P.S. Selvadurai
    • English
    Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 17: Elastic Analysis of Soil-Foundation Interaction focuses on the analysis of the interaction between structural foundations and supporting soil media. The publication first elaborates on soil-foundation interaction problems; idealized soil response models for the analysis of soil-foundation interaction; and plane-strain analysis of an infinite plate and an infinitely long beam. Discussions focus on three-dimensional effects in the infinite beam problem, elastic models of soil behavior, foundation and interface behavior, and elastic-plastic and time-dependent behavior of soil masses. The manuscript then ponders on the analysis of beams of finite length, axisymmetric three-dimensional problem of an infinite plate, and analysis of finite plates. Concerns cover axisymmetric loading of a circular plate, analysis of rectangular plates, axisymmetric three-dimensional problem of the infinite plate, modifications of the thin plate theory, finite beams on a two-parameter elastic medium, and finite beams on an elastic solid medium. The book tackles the determination of soil parameters, experimental investigations and field studies, as well as experimental investigations and field studies and measurement and interpretation of parameters encountered in the idealized soil models in relation to soil-foundation behavior. The publication is a valuable reference for researchers interested in the elastic analysis of soil-foundation interaction.

  • Mining Research

    Proceedings of a Symposium Held at the University of Missouri, February, 1961
    • 1st Edition
    • George B. Clark
    • English

  • The Theory of Strata Mechanics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 63
    • H. Gil
    • English
    During the last thirty years, the increasing need for extracting coal from new mining fields, especially from unmined protective pillars and seams that are threatened with rock bursts and rock-gas eruptions, has accelerated the development of research in the fundamental mining discipline known as rock mass mechanics or geomechanics. Generally, rock mass mechanics is concerned with rock mass movements and with the phenomena accompanying them. Extensive theoretical, laboratory, and in-situ investigations have resulted in considerable achievements in the field of rock mass mechanics. It is impossible to include all these achievements in a single monograph, and therefore in the present book the author has attempted to contruct a synthetic mathematical description of the rock mass movements and of the strain and stress state induced by mining, in particular when extracting mineral deposits.

  • Mineral Economics

    Development and Management of Natural Resources
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 20
    • O. Rudawsky
    • English
    Although profitable development and exploitation of natural resources has been, and still remains, the goal of many individuals and firms within the extractive industries, several new goals must also be considered, the foremost of which is the wise management of the already discovered stocks of renewable and nonrenewable natural resources. This aspect has become of vital importance for society as a whole.It is this dual objective - the economic feasibility on behalf of private interests, and the efficient development and utilization of natural resources as viewed from the societal point of view - that is covered in this book. The material presented is based on many published and unpublished sources, and serves to demonstrate the basic principles associated with the economics and management of mineral resources. Rather than attempting to carry on an in-depth analysis of the various topics, the author has provided a broad coverage of the basic concepts and their applications in real-life occurrences. For those interested in more intensive analysis, suggested additional selected readings and references are provided.The book is written as an introductory-level textbook in mineral economics. Advanced students in mineral engineering programs, economics, and business administration curricula, with a particular interest in economic analysis of mineral and energy activities may find this book an appropriate starting-point. Likewise, first-year graduate students in engineering programs, resource economics, mineral economics, natural resource management, environmental sciences, and law will find that the book provides a fundamental understanding of the basic concepts of mineral economics and how they relate to the general economic and management theories.

  • Crustal Properties Across Passive Margins

    Selected Papers from the Symposium Crustal Properties Across Passive Margins Held at Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
    • 1st Edition
    • C. E. Keen
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, 15: Crustal Properties across Passive Margins covers the papers presented at the symposium ""Crustal Properties across Passive Margins"", held at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia on June 19-23, 1978. The book focuses on theoretical modelling of the rheological properties in the upper mantle beneath oceans and continents and stratigraphic studies of the sedimentary basins. The selection first offers information on seismic refraction study of the continental edge off the Eastern United States and gravity field of the U.S. Atlantic continental margin. Topics include crustal sections, inner and outer quiet zones, alternative models and complications, gravity models, free-air anomaly map, and the ocean-continent transition zone. The text then takes a look at the geologic history of the passive margin off New England and the Canadian Maritime Provinces and geophysical observations bearing upon the origin of the Newfoundland Ridge. The manuscript elaborates on the age and origin of the deepest correlative structures recognized off Canada and Europe and geophysical transects of the Labrador Sea. Discussions focus on magnetics and gravity, stratigraphic control, consequences regarding subduction or rifting, and deep structures of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in crustal properties across passive margins.

  • Advances in Hydroscience

    Volume 11
    • 1st Edition
    • Ven Te Chow
    • English
    Advances in Hydroscience, Volume 11 -1978 covers topics on the progressive development in water science, including stochastic hydrology, the numerical analysis for hydrodynamic modeling, solid-state hydrology, and subsurface waters. The book presents topics on the theory and examples to model lumped quasi-stochastic and stochastic watershed systems; the progress made in the area of multidimensional numerical modeling of hydrodynamic and water-quality processes in estuary and coastal sea systems; and the physical principles governing the flow of water through snow. The text also includes articles on the state of the art of the finite-element modeling techniques in surface and subsurface hydraulic problems; the developments in the area of rainfall-runoff relations and physically-based stochastic hydrologic analysis; as well as well hydraulics in heterogeneous aquifer formations. Hydrologists, ocean engineers, hydraulic engineers, and subsurface engineers will find the book invaluable.

  • Descriptive Physical Oceanography

    An Introduction
    • 4th Edition
    • George L. Pickard + 1 more
    • English
    Descriptive Physical Oceanography: An Introduction, Fourth Enlarged Edition considers the synoptic or descriptive aspects of physical oceanography with considerable illustrative materials and some 45 additional figures. This book is divided into nine chapters, and begins with an introduction to the basic goal of physical oceanographic study. The next chapters describe the features of the ocean basins, physical properties of seawater, and the ocean's distribution of water characteristics. These topics are followed by discussions of the conservation of seawater volume and salt; the techniques and methods of physical oceanography; and the general features of the main ocean circulations, as well as the circulation and character of the water masses in the individual oceans. The final chapters examine some of the characteristics of coastal oceanography. This book will prove useful to undergraduate and graduate students with oceanography and related subjects.

  • Crystallography

    An Introduction for Earth Science (and other Solid State) Students
    • 1st Edition
    • E. J. W. Whittaker
    • English
    Starting from the basic features of crystal morphology and symmetry without assuming that the reader knows anything about crystals this textbook shows how they provide an insight into the way in which crystals are based on a repeating pattern of atoms. After summarizing and comparing the main features of the seven crystal systems and thirty-two crystal classes, the book goes on to treat X-ray crystallography in sufficient detail to provide an understanding of its uses in identification and in textural and structural studies, and to relate it to selected area electron diffraction methods in the electron microscope. Thus the student is brought to a level where he can understand the significance of crystallographic work, and has a thorough background if he wishes to move on to more specialist works. Problems and answers are included

  • Nuclear Methods in Mineral Exploration and Production

    • 1st Edition
    • Jerome G. Morse
    • English
    Developments in Economic Geology, 7: Nuclear Methods in Mineral Exploration and Production elaborates on the status of applicable nuclear techniques used in mineral exploration and production. The selection first offers information on radiometric methods and X-ray analysis in mineral exploration. Discussions focus on gamma-ray spectrometry, radon detection, autoradiography of uranium and thorium, X-ray diffraction, and application of X-ray analysis. The text then examines X-ray fluorescence geochemical analysis on the surface of Mars and radioactivation methods, as well as nuclear geochemical measurements of planetary surface; radioactivation methods for mineral exploration; and radioactivation sources. The publication takes a look at nuclear well logging for petroleum and the potential of plowshare for resource development. Topics include natural radiation, induced logs, description of potential applications related to energy resources, and obstacles to the development of a commercial plowshare program in the U.S. The selection is a dependable source of data for readers interested in the use of nuclear techniques in mineral production and exploration.

  • Glacial Geology

    An Introduction for Engineers and Earth Scientists
    • 1st Edition
    • N. Eyles
    • English
    An introduction for courses that involve some knowledge of glacial geology and sediments of formerly glaciated terrains. The early chapters describe depositional processes at modern glacier and ice-sheet margins relating sediments and landforms in recurring "landsystems". Later chapters portray the distribution of these landsystems in Pleistocene glaciated terrains of the mid-latitudes, focussing on commonly encountered problems in various fields from stratigraphic and sedimentological investigations to construction problems relating to roads and dams. The resulting text is a summation of a large body of literature previously accessible only to specialists. A substantial reference list is complemented by cross-references throughout.

  • Stress in Subsoil and Methods of Final Settlement Calculation

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 18
    • J. Feda
    • English
    Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, Volume 18: Stress in Subsoil and Methods of Final Settlement Calculation reviews the method of settlement calculations based on stresses in the subsoil. This book is divided into three chapters. Chapter 1 deals with in situ stresses in the subsoil, while Chapter 2 focuses on the state of stress produced in the subsoil by external loads. The last chapter discusses the methods of calculating the final settlement, including remarks on the selection of deformation parameters. This publication also discusses the horizontal geostatic stress, surface loading of a half-space, method of oedometric compression, and finite element and allied methods. This volume is recommended for researchers and specialists of disciplines related to geotechnical engineering.

  • Advances in Hydroscience

    Volume 10
    • 1st Edition
    • Ven Te Chow
    • English
    Advances in Hydroscience, Volume 10-1975 covers articles on the evergrowing scientific knowledge on water. The book presents articles on modeling techniques for groundwater evaluation and tidal theory and computations, including the basic equations for the prediction of tides, the hydrodynamic tidal equations for the dynamic behavior of the tides, and tidal computations in rivers, seas, and coastal waters. The text also includes articles on hydrothermal convection in saturated porous media, as well as the theory of Weirs. Hydroscientists, harbour engineers, coastal engineers, oceanographic engineers, and future designers and users of hydraulic structures for water resources development will find the book invaluable.

  • Solar Houses in Europe

    How They Have Worked
    • 1st Edition
    • W. Palz + 1 more
    • English
    Solar Houses in Europe: How they have Worked? is a seven-chapter text that presents monitored data from houses in various C.E.C. countries and climates, highlighting the performance of typical solar heating systems. The opening chapter introduces solar heating systems, solar collectors, heat storage, and the concept of circulation and control in solar heating systems. The succeeding chapters deal with the factors that influence the heating system's daily, monthly, and annual performance. A chapter focuses on the design requirements for solar collectors, primary circuit, heat storage, and system controls. These topics are followed by statistical summaries and a discussion of the importance of system monitoring. The concluding chapter discusses various solar heating project results. This book is of value to building engineers, architects, solar energy experts, and solar house owners.

  • Geology

    The Made Simple Series
    • 2nd Edition
    • William H. Matthews
    • English
    Geology gives a detailed study of rock-forming minerals and the rocks that are formed by it. The text analyses the forces which act on and within rocks. This subject belongs to physical geology. Historical geology is also covered in the book. This study explores the fossil content of the rock and reconstructs the earth’s history over the past million years. The subjects encourage the reader to go out and examine his surroundings. First chapter of the book focuses on the description of earth. Topics such as the shape, size, and motions of the earth are discussed. The second chapter of the text covers the chemical composition of minerals. Crystal system, crystallography, and crystal habits are included in the chapter. The physical properties and different types of minerals are also analyzed. Volcanism and all aspects of volcanoes are reviewed. The formation of soil and weathering is the topic of another chapter. The book will provide useful information to geologists, mineralogists, volcanologists, students and researchers of geology.

  • Advances in Hydroscience

    Volume 8
    • 1st Edition
    • Ven Te Chow
    • English
    Advances in Hydroscience, Volume 8, provides an overview of the state of knowledge in hydroscience. The book contains six chapters and opens with a study on seiches—a phenomenon that frequently occurs in large enclosed bodies of water and that can result in serious destruction of shore structures and bring sudden death to innocent swimmers. This phenomenon bears certain resemblances to the tsunamis and storm surges over the open sea. Subsequent chapters deal with the basic principles underlying the techniques in isotope hydrology; statistical models for ocean waves and wave forces; fluvial sediment transport; impulsive waves; and channel networks. This contribution will prove particularly useful to hydrologists, since most work in this field has been done by physicists or other non-hydrologists.

  • Basic Hydrology

    • 1st Edition
    • James J Sharp + 1 more
    • English
    BASIC Hydrology offers a wide discussion on hydrology. The text contains the combined application of BASIC programming and engineering discipline along with various related studies, facts, and guidelines. In Chapter 1, the book focuses on defining BASIC hydrology and discussing what kind of a programming language BASIC is. The chapter’s introduction notes that BASIC stands for Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. In Chapter 2, the book highlights the elements of hydrology and presents a table containing information on the world distribution of water. The next couple of chapters discuss precipitation, evaporation, and its relevant subtopics; these chapters also include tables, figures, and math formulas. Chapter 5 widely talks about frequency and provides the topic’s definition, related math formulas, and illustrations. In the three remaining chapters, the book discusses the stream flow, the unit of hydrology, and the supply and demand of water. These topics also include explanations, math formulas, and illustrations. The book serves as a valuable reference for undergraduates or postgraduates of engineering, chemistry, physics, and other relevant courses.

  • Transistors

    • 1st Edition
    • E. J. M. Kendall
    • English
    Transistors covers the main thread of transistor development. This book is organized into 2 parts encompassing 19, and starts with an overview of the semi-conductor physics pertinent to the understanding of transistors, as well as features and applications of the point contact devices and junction devices. The subsequent part deals with the modulation of conductance of thin films of conductors by surface charges, the metal-semi conductor, and the semi-conductor triode. These topics are followed by discussions on the nature of the forward current, physical principles in transistor, the hole injection in transistor, and the double-surface transistor in which the emitter and collector contacts bear on the two opposite faces of a thin wedge or slab of semiconductor. Other papers describe the effects of electrical forming on the rectifying barrier, the junction in semiconductors and transistors, the theory of Alpha for diffused junction transistors, and a high frequency diffused transistor. The last chapters consider unipolar, analog, and thin film transistors This book will be of value to physicists and researchers in the allied fields.

  • A Manual of Chemical & Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Timothy R. Parsons
    • English
    An introduction to the quantitative analysis of seawater, describing in detail biological and chemical techniques, which are considered to be amongst those most often used by biological oceanographers. The manual provides complete instructions for the addition of reagents and calculation of results with reference material for each method so that the original texts can be consulted if necessary. In general, the techniques require a minimum of prior professional training and methods needing very expensive equipment have been avoided.

  • Paleontology and Neontology of Cephalopods

    • 1st Edition
    • M. R. Clarke + 1 more
    • English
    Paleontology and Neontology of Cephalopods examines information that throws new light on the evolution of coleoids. This book is part of a multivolume work, The Mollusca, which attempts to provide comprehensive treatment of major areas of molluscan research. The Mollusca is intended to serve several disciplines—zoology, biochemistry, physiology, and paleontology. It will prove useful to researchers and to all others with interests in mollusks. The book begins with a review of the main features of cephalopod evolution. This is followed by separate chapters on the evolution of the gladius in coleoids; the buccal mass of Cephalopoda; beaks of living coleoid Cephalopoda; cephalopod hooks; statoliths of cephalopods; buoyancy and locomotion in recent cephalopods; and evolution of the cephalopod brain and cephalopod statocyst. Subsequent chapters deal with the photophore structure and evolution within the Enoploteuthinae; the interrelationships of genera within the Ommastrephidae; evolutionary pathways traversed by the cephalopod family Cranchiidae; the cephalopod fauna of the European Mediterranean; and the evolution of recent cephalopods.

  • Advances in Hydroscience

    Volume 12
    • 1st Edition
    • Ven Te Chow
    • English
    Advances in Hydroscience, Volume 12-1981 covers articles in the areas of fluid mechanics and hydrology. The book presents articles on advances in cavitation research, applied stochastic theory of storage in evolution, and echohydrodynamics. The text also includes articles on the usefulness and the basic nature of the application of pattern recognition in the context of hydrologic data analysis. A summary of the Hydrologic Engineering Center's experience in water resources system simulation is also encompassed. The book will prove invaluable to hydrologists, practitioners handling the design and control of hydraulic structures and machinery, and engineers working in the water industry.

  • Kimberlites I : Kimberlites and Related Rocks

    Proceedings of the “Third International Kimberlite Conference", Volume-I
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 11A
    • J Kornprobst
    • English
    Developments in Petrology 11A, Volume A: Kimberlites I: Kimberlites and Related Rocks covers the proceedings of the Third International Kimberlite Conference, held in Clermont Ferrand, France in September 1982. Separating 75 papers into three parts and 28 chapters, this volume focuses on Western Australian lamproites and kimberlites. Significant chapters are also devoted to Alpine type ultramafic bodies. The occurrence, detection, geology, petrology, and synthesis of these precious rocks are discussed. Other general topics covered include diatremes, diamonds, and mantle sample.

  • Dynamics of Climate

    The Proceedings of a Conference on the Application of Numerical Integration Techniques to the Problem of the General Circulation Held October 26-28, 1955
    • 1st Edition
    • Richard L Pfeffer
    • English
    Dynamics of Climate covers the proceedings of a Conference on the Application of Numerical Integration Techniques to the Problem of the General Circulation, held in Princeton University on October 26-28, 1955. This conference considers the problems involved in studying the general circulation of the earth's atmosphere by the numerical integration of suitable mathematical models. This book is organized into five parts encompassing 20 chapters. After providing a brief introduction to the subject, this book goes on dealing with the problem of forecasting climatic fluctuations. The second part discusses the numerical prediction and the general circulation of the atmosphere up to mean zonal circulation cause by topography and heating. The third part surveys other studies of the general circulation and climatic change, particularly the Earth's atmosphere and the main effect of the unequal heating. The fourth part covers the radiation studies including problems involved in introducing the long-wave radiative effects and the potential theory formulation of radiative-heat transfer which unveils some notations that will be used to express mathematical statements. The fifth part looks into the energy transformation, further researches, and other applications of these discoveries. This book is of value to meteorologists, mathematicians, and researchers in other climate-related fields.

  • Plate Tectonics & Crustal Evolution

    • 3rd Edition
    • Kent C. Condie
    • English
    This substantially revised edition includes recently published information relating to plate tectonics and continental origin. A large number of new figures have been added, and new sections included on meteorites, seismic tomography, mantle convection, accretionary terranes, mantle sources and evolution, continental growth, secular changes in Earth history, also a new chapter on exogenic Earth systems. In addition the following topics have been substantially revised: lunar origin, global gravity, origin of the core, metamorphism, plate boundaries, hotspots, tectonic settings, and magma associations. Among the new features the Tectonic Map of the World has also been updated.

  • Solar Energy in Developing Countries

    An Overview and Buyers' Guide for Solar Scientists and Engineers
    • 1st Edition
    • A. Eggers-Lura
    • English
    Solar Energy in Developing Countries is a documentation report with bibliography on solar energy research and development in developing countries such as those in Asia, Central and South America, Africa, and Middle East. Institutions in developed countries with solar activities of interest to developing countries are included. This volume consists of seven chapters and opens with an overview of the study followed by a discussion on solar activities of relevance to developing countries, focusing on the work of international or supranational organizations such as the United Nations, NATO, and the European Economic Community. The following chapters deal with the state of the art of solar energy applications as well as solar R&D work in developing countries, including solar distillation, solar cooking and drying, and solar refrigeration and air conditioning. Information and addresses on sources of literature, hardware and equipment are also provided, along with a detailed and comprehensive bibliography (mostly with abstracts). This book is intended for solar scientists and engineers, government officials, and others who are interested in solar R&D work in developing countries.

  • Advances in Hydroscience

    Volume 7
    • 1st Edition
    • Ven Te Chow
    • English
    Advances in Hydroscience, Volume 7 covers topics on the progress in the field of hydroscience. The book presents articles on the theoretical characteristics of water gravity waves generated by explosions; the dynamics of glaciers, including progress in field techniques and ice rheology; and the dispersion in porous media. The text also includes articles on seepage through dams, as well as the concept of hydrobionics and the examples of biological flows which can lead to useful engineering applications. Oceanic engineers, coastal engineers, hydrologists, hydraulicians, hydraulic engineers, and bioengineers will find the book invaluable.

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