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Elsevier

Books in Chemical engineering

The Chemical Engineering collection offers content that combines research with foundational knowledge, practical information, methods and case studies, in a variety of areas, including biochemical engineering, catalysis, filtration & separation, colloids & surface chemistry, electrochemical engineering, energy & transport processes, materials chemistry, metallurgy, process engineering, safety & reliability, sustainable & environmental, to help chemical engineers address the challenges we face today, including climate change, global warming, health and nutrition, and alternative energy.

  • Solid State Chemical Sensors

    • 1st Edition
    • Jiri Janata
    • English
    Solid State Chemical Sensors reviews the basic chemical and physical principles involved in the construction and operation of solid state sensors. A major portion of the book is devoted to explanation of the basic mechanism of operation and the many actual and potential applications of field effect transistors for gas and solution sensing. This text is comprised of four chapters; the first of which describes the basics of device fabrication. Emphasis is placed on the physical description of semiconductor devices with catalytic metal gates, along with their drawbacks and their promise. The behavior of hydrogen in the Pd-SiO2 system is also considered, and some applications of hydrogen-sensitive transistors, such as smoke detection and biochemical reaction monitoring, are described. The second chapter focuses on chemically sensitive field effect transistors and their thermodynamics, while the third chapter explains the general fabrication procedure for solid state chemical sensors. The final chapter introduces the reader to piezoelectric and pyroelectric chemical sensors, paying particular attention to the sensor nature of piezoelectricity, the piezoelectric gravimetric sensor, and pyroelectric gas analysis. This book is intended to assist electrical engineers in understanding the chemistry involved in the construction and operation of solid state sensors and to educate chemists in solid state science.

  • The Porphyrins V5

    Physical Chemistry, Part C
    • 1st Edition
    • David Dolphin
    • English
    The Porphyrins, Volume V: Physical Chemistry, Part C explores the physical chemistry of porphyrins, their precursors, catabolic derivatives, and related compounds. The book covers photochemical, electrochemical, and routes of electron transfer, as well as primary redox reactions of porphyrins and metalloporphyrins; oxygenation of hemoglobin and the interactions of metalloporphyrins with dioxygen; the kinetics of porphyrin metalation; and solid state phenomena. This volume is organized into 11 chapters and begins with an overview of electron transfer and the mechanisms of oxidation and reduction. The discussion then turns to porphyrin photochemical reactions and reversible electron transfer reactions of metalloporphyrins. Selected examples in which the oxidized or reduced complexes have been shown to play a biochemical role are provided. The following chapters focus on the isolation and characterization of the photosynthetic pigments and their aggregation and coordination properties, along with those of the porphyrins and metalloporphyrins. The book concludes with an analysis of solid state phenomena in porphyrins and related materials, paying particular attention to semiconduction, photoconduction, and superconduction. This book will be of value to inorganic, organic, physical, and biochemists interested in the physical chemistry of porphyrins.

  • Rydberg Series in Atoms and Molecules

    • 1st Edition
    • A Duncan
    • English
    Rydberg Series in Atoms and Molecules deals with the Rydberg states of atomic and molecular systems. Rydberg series in atomic spectra and of diatomic molecules are examined, along with Rydberg terms of polyatomic molecules such as hydrocarbons with triple bonds, hydrocarbon molecules with double bonds, and benzene and benzene derivatives. Comprised of four chapters, this book begins with an overview of the spectrum of the hydrogen atom, along with some elementary and useful concepts and definitions. Some difficulties in the classification of excited states of simple molecules into Rydberg and non-Rydberg states are highlighted. The next chapter considers Rydberg series in atomic spectra and theoretical methods for quantitative description of atomic structures. One-electron models for Rydberg terms are also described, together with Rydberg series of diatomic molecules such as N2 and O2, CO and NO, and bromine and iodine. The final chapter is devoted to Rydberg terms of polyatomic molecules including hydrocarbons with triple and double bonds; benzene and benzene derivatives; hydrides with central atom; saturated hydrocarbons; and aldehydes and ketones. This monograph is written primarily for both students and nonspecialists.

  • Anionic Polymerization: Principles and Practice

    • 1st Edition
    • Maurice Morton
    • English
    Anionic Polymerization: Principles and Practice describes the unique nature of the anionic mechanism of polymerization. This book is composed of two parts encompassing 11 chapters that cover the aspects of the synthetic possibilities inherent in this system. Part I deals with the various aspects of anionic polymerization mechanism, including the monomers, initiators, solvents, and the involved initiation and propagation reactions. This part also describes the copolymerization and organolithium polymerization reactions of styrene and dienes. Part II explores the applications of anionic polymerization in polymer synthesis. This part specifically tackles the synthesis of narrow molecular weight, branched and α,ω-difunctional polymers, and block copolymers. Polymer chemists and researchers who work in the chemical industry and who would wish to utilize the unique features of anionic polymerization in the synthesis of new products will find this book invaluable.

  • Solvent Crazing of Polymers

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 13
    • A.L. Volynskii + 1 more
    • English
    The problems related to crazing in polymers are of special interest to polymer scientists since only polymers display this universal phenomenon and no analogues are available for low-molecular-mass compounds. The important problems of solvent crazing and the development of a universal description of polymer structure and properties have received much attention from many leading scientists. Nevertheless, some aspects of polymer crazing are still unclear, and scientific activities in this area are in progress.This work provides an up-to-date account of scientific advances in the area of solvent crazing. The principal features and stages of solvent crazing (craze nucleation, craze tip advance, craze thickening, and craze collapse at high strains) are described. Additionally, the authors present information concerning the activities of Russian scientists in this area, which might have escaped the attention of their colleagues because of the language barrier.

  • Coal Structure

    • 1st Edition
    • Robert Meyers
    • English
    Coal Structure deals with the structure, mineral and organic components, and the physical and chemical properties of coal. The book is composed of papers that present a detailed and coherent description of both the physical and chemical structure of coal and the effect of coal structural features on coal processing. The contributions in the text discuss such topics as coal macerals, coal porosity, aromaticity, functional groups and heteroatoms in coal, polymer structure of coal, and mineral matter in coal. Engineers, researchers, scientists, and management personnel who are directly involved in the study and processing of coal will find the book a well-rounded reference source.

  • General carbohydrate method

    • 1st Edition
    • Roy Whistler
    • English
    Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry, Volume VI: General Carbohydrate Methods contains a collection of selected methods from the entire field of carbohydrate chemistry. This volume is comprised of useful procedures in analytical and preparative carbohydrate chemistry. It is organized into 10 sections. The first section deals with methods for separation and analysis, which discusses chromatography and chemical, physical, and biochemical methods. Section II covers the preparation of mono- and polysaccharides and their derivatives. Section III describes a variety of oxidation methods. The fourth section is about procedures for the analysis of acyclic sugars. Sections V and VI present the etherification and esterification of carbohydrates. Nucleotides, nucleosides, and glycoside procedures are described in Sections VII and VIII. The ninth section focuses on radioactively labeled sugars. The final chapter provides a variety of physical methods such as mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and determination of molecular weights by osmometry. Chemists and biochemists will find this book very useful.

  • Chemical and Biochemical Applications of Lasers V4

    • 1st Edition
    • C. Bradley Moore
    • English
    Chemical and Biochemical Applications of Lasers, Volume IV focuses on the practical applications of standard commercial laser systems. This book examines the structural studies of DNA by fluorescence microscopy and discusses photochemistry and structural spectroscopy. Organized into eight chapters, this volume starts with an overview of a few cases of laser-induced fluorescence studies of biological molecules. This text then examines the sharp fluorescence spectra of complex molecules in solids that are obtained when a narrow-band laser selectively excites molecules in particular sites. Other chapters describe the theory and application of resonance Raman spectroscopy to various biological systems. This book provides as well a thorough treatment of coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy and its application in combustion diagnostics and analytical chemistry. The final chapter explores laser control of the sequential photochemical reaction of the drug psoralen with the two strands of the DNA double helix. Physicists, chemists, electrochemists, and chemical engineers will find this book useful.

  • General Methods

    • 1st Edition
    • Roy Whistler
    • English
    Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry, Volume VIII: General Methods describes the principles and mode of operation of general methods for the analysis and structural characterization of carbohydrates. This book is organized into two sections encompassing 50 chapters. The first section highlights the methods on automated chromatographic techniques; enzymic and other methods for structural analysis of polysaccharides. This section also explores the application of 13C NMR spectroscopy to carbohydrate chemistry. The second section describes the synthesis of deoxy and branched-chain sugars, 1,2-transglycosides, de-N- and de-O-sulfation, and de-N-acetylation of polysaccharides. This book is an invaluable source for organic and analytical chemists, as well as for carbohydrate scientists and researchers.

  • Ring-Forming Polymerizations Pt B 2

    Heterocyclic Rings
    • 1st Edition
    • Robert Cotter
    • English
    Ring-forming Polymerizations is a part of a volume that features a complete review and compilation of ring-forming polymerization reactions that result to heterocyclic ring formation. This book shows relevant growth in terms of research and commercial development in the area of polymer chemistry. This volume is comprised of four major chapters and is organized according to the specific heterocyclic ring structure resulting from ring-forming polymerizations. Each of the chapters is arranged further according to the polymer type and the different methods used in the preparation of that type, where emphasis is given to synthetic methods. This book specifically discusses the linear polymers that were intentionally made. Also, the structures presented are limited in scope considering that they are the result of the research cited in this book. However, claims that dispute a certain structure found in the research are also included to provide balance, fairness, and objectivity. Specifically, this book is a valuable resource for polymer and organic chemists. However, it can also be of great use to those scientists and researchers interested in the study of polymer chemistry of living systems.

  • Titrations in Nonaqueous Solvents

    • 1st Edition
    • Huber Walter
    • English
    Titrations in Nonaqueous Solvents discuss the theory, practice, and data on acidic and basic strength of nonaqueous solvents. This book is organized into three parts encompassing six chapters. The first part considers the general principles of acids and bases and methods of end-point determination. This part also covers the fundamentals, advantages, and limitations of titration instruments, such as potentiometers, burets, titration vessels, and electrodes. The classification of titration solvents according to their functions as color indicators and titrant solutions is provided in this part. The remaining parts describe the analytical procedures for acidity and basicity of nonaqueous solvents. These parts also provide a tabulated data on the acidic and basic strengths, stability, and dissociation constants of various titration solvents. Analytical chemists, and analytical chemistry teachers and students will find this book invaluable.

  • Automated Stream Analysis for Process Control V1

    • 1st Edition
    • Dan Manka
    • English
    Automated Stream Analysis for Process Control, Volume 1 provides information pertinent to stream analyzers and its elements, including the system, construction, control, and operation. This book examines the results of the analysis, which must be used properly by the computer in order to regulate the process controls so that the process stream will obtain its ultimate goal. Organized into 12 chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the uses of liquid flow-injection analytical devices in process control applications within the chemical production plant. This text then examines the initial two techniques, namely, ion chromatography and ion exclusion chromatography that are used to analyze over 90 varieties of ions down to part-per-billion in aqueous streams in laboratory applications in academic, government, and industrial laboratories. Other chapters consider monitoring of gas streams generated from process development units. Chemists, chemical engineers, analytical chemists, as well as laboratory and plant managers will find this book extremely useful.

  • Biochemical Actions of Hormones V6

    • 1st Edition
    • Gerald Litwack
    • English
    Biochemical Actions of Hormones, Volume VI is a 10-chapter text that summarizes the regulation of protein kinases and phosphoprotein phosphatases and the relationship of the endocrines to cancer. This volume describes first the precise structures of steroid hormones and carcinogens. The subsequent chapters cover the hormonal regulation of chemical carcinogenesis; the importance of steroid hormones as growth factors for mammary tumors; the effects of steroid hormones in the central nervous system; and the properties of the purified estrogen receptor. A chapter highlights the biochemical actions of neurohypophysial hormones and neurophysin. Another chapter presents the biochemistry and physiology of cytokinin, a plant hormone. The final chapter exemplifies the multihormonal systems by control of the α2u-globulin produced in the liver. This book will be of great value to endocrinologists.

  • Biochemical Aspects of Reactions on Solid Supports

    • 1st Edition
    • George Stark
    • English
    Biochemical Aspects of Reactions on Solid Supports focuses on water-soluble enzyme derivatives and their possible use as heterogeneous specific catalysts in research and industry. It discusses the four fundamental methods used for the preparation of water-insoluble derivatives of biologically active proteins. Organized into five chapters, the book starts by reviewing the methods available for the immobilization of proteins, which includes enzymes adsorption, occlusion in cross-linked polymeric matrices, covalent binding to water-insoluble carriers, and intermolecular cross-linking. It then discusses the principle of affinity chromatography, which can be applied to a wide range of macromolecular-ligan... systems. Other chapters consider the developments in the use of solid support and reagents in peptide synthesis. In addition, the book discusses the various methods used in the production of cation-exchange resins for amino acid chromatography and water softening. This book is a valuable resource for biochemists, chemical biologists, scientists, students, and researchers whose interests span a variety of fields.

  • Fragrance Chemistry

    The Science of the Sense of Smell
    • 1st Edition
    • Ernst T. Theimer
    • English
    This book has been prepared as an introduction to the chemistry of odorous molecules. While there exist a number of works of an encyclopedic nature which cover this field, there is none which treats the subjectin an instructional fashion. To fill this gap, a group of scientists, types from the chemical point of view, to present to the reader the panorama of those molecules that stimulate the sense of smell. To make the picture complete, the chapters that are strictly chemical in content are preceded by several that introduce the topics of the physiology of the olfactory system, the current hypotheses on the mechanism of the sense of smell, and the structure-odor relationships in odorous molecules. There is also a treatment of analytical techniques which have become important to fragrance chemical research and testing.

  • Biochemical Correlates of Brain Structure and Function

    • 1st Edition
    • A.N. Davison
    • English
    Biochemical Correlates of Brain Structure and Function deals with the biochemical correlates of brain structure and function, providing some examples of contemporary work interrelating structure with function of the nervous system. The developing brain provides a system for this kind of study, but broad correlates are also drawn between changing biochemistry and increasing physiological activity. This book is organized into nine chapters and begins with an overview of biochemical, morphological, and functional changes in the developing brain, as well as the underlying molecular basis of nerve differentiation and growth of the developing brain. An account of the concept of the cell cycle and its control is also given. The reader is methodically introduced to the properties of the developing retina and its functional biochemistry, with specific reference to the cyclic nucleotides; the use of selective lesioning to delineate GABA-ergic and cholinergic tracts as well as the catecholamine pathways; and cerebral blood flow alteration in concert with mental activity. The remaining chapters explore regions of the brain with altered glucose utilization in response to changes in local functional activity; the physiologically important factors regulating the supply of oxygen and glucose and the relation of metabolic rate to the metabolic state of the brain; and varying aspects of behavioral neurochemistry. This book is intended for chemists and biologists as well as students of biochemistry.

  • Polyacetylene

    Chemistry, Physics, and Material science
    • 1st Edition
    • James C.W. Chien
    • English
    Polyacetylene: Chemistry, Physics, and Material Science reviews the chemistry, physics, and material science of polyacetylene. Topics covered include polymerization and crystal structure of polyacetylene, isomerization, neutral defects, and solitons. Globular morphology and the effect of heat of polymerization on polyacetylene are also discussed, along with doping and chemical reactions of polyacetylene. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with an introduction to a few basic principles of polymer chemistry and solid-state physics, followed by an overview of charge-transfer salts and conducting polymers other than polyacetylene and a historical background on polyacetylene and a general description of its properties. The next chapter gives a detailed treatment of polymerization, with particular reference to the mechanisms and kinetics of acetylene polymerization and direct determination of polyacetylene molecular weight by radioquenching. The remaining chapters focus on the crystal structures and morphology of undoped polyacetylenes; methods of isomerization; spectroscopic, physical, and mechanical properties of undoped polyacetylene; and various chemical reactions of polyacetylene and polymethylacetylene. The probable mechanisms of doping are proposed and theoretical models for polyacetylene are presented. The final chapter considers a few technical applications of polyacetylene. This monograph will be of interest to chemists, physicists, and polymer scientists and engineers.

  • The Analysis and Control of Less Desirable Flavors in Foods and Beverages

    • 1st Edition
    • George Charalambous
    • English
    The Analysis and Control of Less Desirable Flavors in Foods and Beverages contains the proceedings of a symposium held in August 1980 at the Second Chemical Congress of the North American Continent under the auspices of the Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division of American Chemical Society. The papers explore advances in the analysis and control or prevention of less desirable taste and aroma factors in foods and beverages such as fish and shellfish, meat, cheese, soy proteins, corn syrup, water, citrus juices, milk, and beer. This book is comprised of 15 chapters and begins with a review of advances in the separation of volatile components, particularly with respect to gas chromatography. The reader is then introduced to methods and procedures for analysis and control of less desirable flavors in fish and shellfish, meat, cheese, corn syrup, soy proteins, citrus juices, milk, beer, and wine. The analysis and control of taste and odor of public water supplies which are used commonly for food processing and manufacture are also considered. Furthermore, the techniques used to minimize, remove, or mask the bitter flavor that arises unintentionally during enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins are described. This monograph will be a useful resource for students, chemists, and food technologists, as well as growers, processors, fabricated food and beverage manufacturers, brewers, wine makers, distillers, and consumers.

  • Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Oxygen

    • 1st Edition
    • Winslow Caughey
    • English
    Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Oxygen contains the proceedings of a symposium held on the Pingree Park Campus of Colorado State University on September 24-29, 1978. Contributors discuss the biochemical and clinical aspects of oxygen, focusing on reactions and areas relating to heme, flavin, copper and nonheme iron proteins, organ transplants, carbon monoxide formation and detoxification, oxidant drugs and pollutants, oxygen toxicity, enzyme inactivation, lipid peroxidation, membrane destruction, antioxidants, cataractogenesis, mutagen and carcinogen formation, malaria and trypanosome parasites, and inflammation. This volume is organized into 51 chapters and begins with a discussion of bonding and reactions of dioxygen bound to hemeproteins, along with the pathophysiology of hemolysis due to unstable hemoglobins. The focus then turns to the reactivity and function of leghemoglobin, reduction of oxygen and five redox forms of horseradish peroxidase, and acid-base catalysis and hydrogen bonding in reactions mediated by peroxidases. The reader is methodically introduced to the ligands of cytochrome P-450 and their role in the activation of dioxygen, oxygen and catabolite regulation of hemoprotein biosynthesis in yeast, and factors controlling hemoprotein reactivity. A chapter describing the spectroscopic mapping of oxygen supply and demand in the heart concludes the book. This book will be of interest to biochemists, biophysicists, physicians, toxicologists, immunologists, physiologists, parasitologists, radiologists, and environmentalists.

  • Aerosols

    An Industrial and environmental science
    • 1st Edition
    • George Hidy
    • English
    Aerosols: An Industrial and Environmental Science is a comprehensive account of the science and technology of aerosols as well as their aerodynamic and physico-chemical properties. Measurement techniques and results are presented in terms of a framework of classical mechanics and macroscopic chemistry. This book is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with a discussion on the foundations of modern aerosol science and technology, followed by a review of the dynamic theory of aerosols as rigid spheres. The production of particle suspensions, the methods of particle sampling and measurement, and physical or chemical characterization are then considered, along with particle diffusion by Brownian motion, particle formation and growth, and coagulation processes. The formation of particle clouds is described by means of molecular agglomeration (condensation) processes, breakup and disintegration, and chemical reactions. The remaining chapters focus on several major applications of aerosol science in areas such as combustion, agriculture, and medicine. This monograph is intended to serve scientists and engineers who are concerned with the underlying principles of aerodynamic and physical chemical behavior of aerosols, and could also be used as a text for graduate students in specialized courses on aerosol or colloid chemistry, atmospheric processes, and chemical, mechanical, or environmental engineering.

  • Asymmetric Synthesis V2

    • 1st Edition
    • James Morrison
    • English
    Asymmetrie Synthesis, Volume 2: Stereodifferentiatin... Addition Reactions, Part A is concerned with asymmetric addition reactions. This volume contains chapters that cover B-H additions across carbon-carbon and carbon-oxygen double bonds; carbonyl reductions using chiral modifications of lithium aluminum hydride and chiral dihydropyridines; additions of achiral and chiral nucleophiles to chiral and achiral aldehydes and ketones; organometal additions to chiral vinylic sulfoxides; and description of imine and enamine alkylations. Chemists will find the book interesting.

  • Theory of Particulate Processes

    Analysis and Techniques of Continuous Crystallization
    • 1st Edition
    • Alan Randolph
    • English
    Theory of Particulate Processes: Analysis and Techniques of Continuous Crystallization describes the complexity of crystal size distribution (CSD), secondary nucleation, and growth mechanisms. This book is divided into 10 chapters that present a generalization from CSD studies as a unified predictive theory of particulate systems. After an introduction to CSD and particle-size distribution systems, this book goes on examining several empirical, one-dimensional distribution functions suitable for the latter system. The next chapter presents a unified theory for multidimensional particle distributions which can be used to analyze and predict such distributions in certain regular, well-defined processes. These topics are followed by a survey on how the size distribution of the product of a continuous mixed-suspension, mixed product-removal crystallizer is obtained. Other chapters describe special cases, which apparently obtain in real systems, including effects of classification, poor mixing, crystal breakage, staging, and size-dependent growth. The remaining chapters deal with the ramification of secondary nucleation as contrasted with homogeneous nucleation. This book is of great value to graduate students with particulate systems course.

  • Flavor of Foods and Beverages

    Chemistry and Technology
    • 1st Edition
    • George Charalambous
    • English
    Flavor of Foods and Beverages Chemistry and Technology covers the proceedings of an international conference sponsored by the Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division of the American Chemical Society held in Athens, Greece on June 27-29, 1978. It presents information on the flavor of foods and beverages. This book discusses wide ranging subjects, such as flavor of meat, meat analogs, chocolate and cocoa substitutes, cheese aroma, beverages, baked goods, confections, tea, citrus and other fruits, olive oil, and sweeteners. It also examines new analytical methodology on taste and aroma, as well as flavor production, stability, and composition. This book will be useful for students, chemists, technologists, and manufacturers involved in any facet of producing foods and beverages.

  • The Porphyrins V7

    Biochemistry, Part B
    • 1st Edition
    • David Dolphin
    • English
    The Porphyrins, Volume VII: Biochemistry, Part B is devoted to the biochemistry of porphyrins, their precursors, and related compounds. The book covers the structure and function of the major heme proteins and their reconstitution and metal substitution, along with proteins derived from green photosynthetic bacteria. This volume is organized into 11 chapters and begins with an introduction to the cytochrome oxidase, paying particular attention to its isolation and characterization as well as biosynthesis. The discussion then turns to the electron transfer functions of cytochromes b and c; the structure of cytochrome c; and the proposed structures for peroxidases, catalases, and chloroperoxidase. The following chapters explore the biochemical mechanism and control of the catalytic function of cytochrome P-450 and associated electron transport chains, metal substitution in hemoglobin and myoglobin, and reconstitution experiments on various hemoproteins with particular attention to the removal of heme and reassembly into a heme-protein complex, along with protein folding around the heme. This book will be of interest to inorganic, organic, physical, and biochemists involved in the study of the biochemistry of porphyrins.

  • Gas, Dust and Hybrid Explosions

    • 1st Edition
    • W.E. Baker + 1 more
    • English
    Damaging accidental explosions are a continuous threat to industry. Categories for such explosions include combustible dust explosions; reactive gas explosions, both confined and unconfined; hybrid explosions involving both gases and dusts; bursts of pressure vessels and piping; and liquid propellant explosions. This book evaluates the physical processes and resulting blast effects for these types of explosions. Special attention is given to reactive gas explosions, both confined and unconfined. This latter class of explosion has occurred all too frequently in refineries and petrochemical complexes, and is also one of the most difficult to predict and evaluate. Much recent work on this topic is reviewed and summarized. This is the only publication of its kind, to date, that offers such a thorough coverage of these types of industrial explosions. [p]Each class of explosion source is reviewed separately, first discussing fundamentals, then presenting methods of analysis and testing, and finally giving curves or equations to predict effects of the particular class of explosion. An extensive bibliography is included together with tables of pertinent properties of explosive materials. The text also includes many figures, equations, tables and a keyword index. The book is intended for researchers in the field of characterizing and mitigating industrial explosions. It will also be of interest to engineers, scientists, and insurers involved in processes.

  • Computational Methods in Subsurface Flow

    • 3rd Edition
    • Peter S. Huyakorn
    • English
    Computational Methods in Subsurface Flow explores the application of all of the commonly encountered computational methods to subsurface problems. Among the problems considered in this book are groundwater flow and contaminant transport; moisture movement in variably saturated soils; land subsidence and similar flow and deformation processes in soil and rock mechanics; and oil and geothermal reservoir engineering. This book is organized into 10 chapters and begins with an introduction to partial differential and various solution approaches used in subsurface flow. The discussion then shifts to the fundamental theory of the finite element method, with emphasis on the Galerkin finite element method and how it can be used to solve a wide range of subsurface problems. The subjects treated range from simple problems of saturated groundwater flow to more complex ones of moisture movement and multiphase flow in petroleum reservoirs. The chapters that follow focus on fluid flow and mechanical deformation of conventional and fractured porous media; point and subdomain collocation techniques and the boundary element technique; and the applications of finite difference techniques to single- and multiphase flow and solute transport. The final chapter is devoted to other alternative numerical methods that are based on combinations of the standard finite difference approach and classical mathematics. This book is intended for senior undergraduate and graduate students in geoscience and engineering, as well as for professional groundwater hydrologists, engineers, and research scientists who want to solve or model subsurface problems using numerical techniques.

  • The Porphyrins V6

    Biochemistry, Part A
    • 1st Edition
    • David Dolphin
    • English
    The Porphyrins, Volume VI: Biochemistry, Part A deals with the biochemistry of porphyrins, their precursors, catabolic derivatives, and related compounds. The book covers the biosynthesis of porphyrins and chlorophylls; the formation and metabolism of bile pigments in animals and plants; as well as the synthesis, characterization, and chemistry of the bile pigments and their derivatives. An account of the historical and clinical aspects of porphyrins and bile pigments is also given. This volume is organized into 12 chapters and begins with an overview of protoporphyrins and their metabolic intermediates, paying particular attention to their synthesis and biosynthesis. The discussion then shifts to the biosynthesis of porphyrins and chlorophylls; the in vivo formation and metabolism of bile pigments such as biliverdin and bilirubin; and yellow, green, and blue bile pigments. The reader is then introduced to bile pigments of plants including phytochrome and phycobiliproteins; the general structures and nomenclature of bile pigment derivatives; and the Stokvis reaction. The book also considers the clinical chemistry of porphyrins, and then concludes with a chapter on milestones in the history of bile pigments. This book will be of value to inorganic, organic, physical, and biochemists interested in the biochemistry of porphyrins.

  • Absorbent Polymer Technology

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 8
    • L. Brannon-Peppas + 1 more
    • English
    In recent years, there has been a veritable explosion of research and development in consumer-oriented fields that utilize polymeric materials which absorb large amounts of water. These fields encompass the preparation, characterization and commercialization of separation systems, pharmaceutical and personal care products such as infant diapers, feminine products, incontinence products and many other related areas. The polymeric materials utilized in these applications are known as absorbent or superabsorbent materials because of their ability to swell rapidly and to retain large volumes of water, urine and other biological fluids.The aim of this book is to introduce the fundamentals of polymer structure and swelling as related to polymers used for these superabsorbent materials. In the field of absorbence, particular attention is given to crosslinked structures which swell to more than fifty times their initial weight in water or electrolytic solutions. The book also provides descriptions of novel applications of superabsorbent materials as well as a detailed analysis of water transport in crosslinked polymers.Absorbent Polymer Technology should be of interest to chemists, polymer scientists, chemical engineers, and industrial scientists working with swellable polymeric systems in personal care, pharmaceutical, agricultural waste treatment and separation industries.

  • Numerical Simulation of Non-Newtonian Flow

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • M.J. Crochet + 2 more
    • English
    Numerical Simulation of Non-Newtonian Flow focuses on the numerical simulation of non-Newtonian flow using finite difference and finite element techniques. Topics range from the basic equations governing non-Newtonian fluid mechanics to flow classification and finite element calculation of flow (generalized Newtonian flow and viscoelastic flow). An overview of finite difference and finite element methods is also presented. Comprised of 11 chapters, this volume begins with an introduction to non-Newtonian mechanics, paying particular attention to the rheometrical properties of non-Newtonian fluids as well as non-Newtonian flow in complex geometries. The role of non-Newtonian fluid mechanics is also considered. The discussion then turns to the basic equations governing non-Newtonian fluid mechanics, including Navier Stokes equations and rheological equations of state. The next chapter describes a flow classification in which the various flow problems are grouped under five main headings: flows dominated by shear viscosity, slow flows (slightly elastic liquids), small deformation flows, nearly-viscometric flows, and long-range memory effects in complex flows. The remainder of the book is devoted to numerical analysis of non-Newtonian fluids using finite difference and finite element techniques. This monograph will be of interest to students and practitioners of physics and mathematics.

  • Modern Developments in Heat Transfer

    • 1st Edition
    • Warren Ibele
    • English
    Modern Developments in Heat Transfer provides information pertinent to heat transfer investigation, including convective heat transfer, radiation heat transfer, as well as heat and mass transfer. This book examines the aspects and properties of high temperature heat transfer. Organized into 14 chapters, this book starts with an overview of noncircular duct heat transfer in a wide range of engineering applications from automobile radiators to nuclear power plants. This text then examines the differences between circular and noncircular duct flows. Other chapters describe energy transport by radiation wherein photons, as energy carriers, are released from molecules of the radiating body and travel on straight lines until they are scattered or absorbed by other atoms or molecules. This book discusses as well the process of evaporation, which results in the conversion of a liquid into a vapor. The final chapter deals with plasma dynamics and its features. Physicists, chemists, mathematicians, and engineers will find this book extremely useful.

  • Vapor-Liquid Equilibria Using Unifac

    A Group-Contribution Method
    • 1st Edition
    • Aage Fredenslund
    • English
    Vapor-Liquid Equilibria Using UNIFAC: A Group-Contribution Method focuses on the UNIFAC group-contribution method used in predicting quantitative information on the phase equilibria during separation by estimating activity coefficients. Drawing on tested vapor-liquid equilibrium data on which UNIFAC is based, it demonstrates through examples how the method may be used in practical engineering design calculations. Divided into nine chapters, this volume begins with a discussion of vapor and liquid phase nonidealities and how they are calculated in terms of fugacity and activity coefficients, respectively. It then introduces the reader to the UNIFAC method and how it works, the procedure used in establishing the parameters needed for the model, prediction of binary and multicomponent vapor-liquid equilibria for a large number of systems, the potential of UNIFAC for predicting liquid-liquid equilibria, and how UNIFAC can be used to solve practical distillation design problems. This book will benefit process design engineers who want to reliably predict phase equilibria for designing distillation columns and other separation processes.

  • Metabolism of Sulfur Compounds

    • 3rd Edition
    • David Greenberg
    • English
    Metabolic Pathways, Third Edition: Volume VII: Metabolism of Sulfur Compounds deals with various aspects of the metabolism and biosynthesis of sulfur compounds such as coenzyme A, biotin, thiamine, and lipoic acid. The biochemistry of glutathione and the sulfur cycle is also discussed, together with sulfate activation and transfer; oxidative metabolism of cysteine and cystine in animal tissues; and enzyme defects in sulfur amino acid metabolism in humans. This volume is comprised of 15 chapters and begins with a discussion on the pathways of biosynthesis and dissimilation of coenzyme A, as well as the metabolic fate of exogenous coenzyme A in animals. The reader is then introduced to the chemistry, biosynthesis, metabolism, biological role, and biodegradation of biotin; the biosynthesis and function of thiamine; and the biosynthesis, dissimilation, and metabolic role of lipoic acid. Other sulfur compounds considered in this text are glutathione, cysteine and cystine, riboflavin, thiosulfate sulfurtransferase, mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, and methionine. The final chapter is devoted to human diseases associated with enzyme defects in sulfur amino acid metabolism. This book will be a useful resource for biologists and biochemists.

  • Biochemical Actions of Hormones V1

    • 1st Edition
    • Gerald Litwack
    • English
    Biochemical Actions of Hormones, Volume I explores the significant developments toward understanding the primary effects of hormones in cellular receptors at the molecular level. This book is composed of 12 chapters that survey the molecular and biochemical approaches bearing on the problem of hormone mechanism. The opening chapters discuss the thyroid hormonal responses during metamorphic process in Amphibia; the primary role of hormones in biochemical differentiation; the influence of hormones on protein synthesis and the importance of protein synthesis mechanism; and the biochemical rhythms within the pineal gland and the rhythm in hepatic tyrosine transaminase activity. The subsequent chapters examine the effects of a number of hormones on transport systems in the cell membranes, the protein interaction with steroids, and the influence of insulin on protein and nucleic acid metabolism. The remaining five chapters deal with the physiology, mechanism of action, and biological effects of various hormones, such as mineralocorticoids, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, thyrotropin, and plant hormones. This book is an invaluable source for endocrinologists.

  • Asymmetric Synthesis V4

    • 1st Edition
    • James Morrison
    • English
    Asymmetric Synthesis, Volume 4: The Chiral Carbon Pool and Chiral Sulfur, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Silicon Centers describes the practical methods of obtaining chiral fragments. Divided into five chapters, this book specifically examines initial chiral transmission and extension. The opening chapter describes the so-called chiral carbon pool, the readily available chiral carbon fragments used as building blocks in synthesis. This chapter also provides a list of 375 chiral building blocks, along with their commercial sources, approximate prices, and methods of synthesis. Schemes involving almost 1,300 structures and the use of chiral building blocks to prepare alkaloids, arachidonic acid metabolites, compounds with chemotherapeutic and pharmacological activity, insect pheromones, sugars, vitamins, terpenoids, and miscellaneous compounds are also included in this text. The remaining chapters provide a similar overview of the chemistry of compounds chiral at sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon. Synthetic chemists and researchers, especially those engaged in pharmaceutical research and specialty chemicals production, will find this book invaluable.

  • Marine Natural Products V2

    Chemical And Biological Perspectives
    • 1st Edition
    • Poul Schever
    • English
    Marine Natural Products: Chemical and Biological Perspectives, Volume II, reviews the state of knowledge in the chemistry and biology of marine natural products. It attempts to bring together timely and critical reviews that are representative of major current researches and that, hopefully, will also foreshadow future trends. The first three chapters of this volume deal with marine carotenoids, steroids, and diterpenoids. This is followed by a chapter that examines a single phylum, the Coelenterata, and its metabolites. The Coelenterata is an almost exclusively marine phylum of some 9000 described living species. Research predicts that the coelenterates will yield a rich harvest of organic metabolites. The final chapter, which focuses on 13C NMR spectroscopy for structural elucidation, reveals the power of this instrumental method especially when applied to the difficult problems of polyhalogenated marine metabolites.

  • Additives For Plastics

    • 1st Edition
    • Raymond Seymour
    • English
    Additives for Plastics: Volume 1, State of the Art summarizes the state of the art about additives for plastics, including coupling agents for fillers and plasticizers, as well as colorants, silicas, cellulose fiber, whiskers, and microfibers. Stabilizers for weather, fungal, and heat resistance and resistance to ultraviolet radiation are also considered. This volume is comprised of 13 chapters; the first of which introduces the reader to nonreinforcing fillers such as carbon black, wood flour, alpha cellulose, calcium carbonate, and natural and synthetic silicates. The discussion then turns to synthetic and naturally occurring silicas, short cellulose fibers for reinforcing polymers, and asbestiform fillers. Whiskers and microfibers are the subject of the subsequent chapter, with emphasis on their differences and similarities, application in various plastics, and prospects. Silane and nonsilane coupling agents, nonfiller additives, plasticizers, biocides, and heat stabilizers are also examined. This volume also evaluates rutile titanium dioxide and other white pigments with regard to the opacification and coloring of plastics. This book will be of vital interest to those who are closely associated with the plastics industry as well as those who are concerned with the design, fabrication, and use of plastics.

  • Biochemical Actions of Hormones V5

    • 1st Edition
    • Gerald Litwack
    • English
    Biochemical Actions of Hormones, Volume V explores the nature of interaction of multiple hormones in regulating specific phenotypes. This volume is organized into 11 chapters that include discussions on the developments in the understanding of the biochemistry and molecular biology of hormones. The opening chapters deal with the modifications of chromatin structure by hormones, the regulation of exocytosis, ontogeny of estrogen receptors, and the hormonal regulation of cells of the seminiferous tubule. The discussions then shift to the advances on the progesterone receptor, the role of glucocorticoids in the integration of mammary tumor virus genes, and a model system for estrogen action. Other chapters examine the physiology, molecular action, and biological effects of somatomedins, epidermal growth factors and 1,25-dihydroxyvitami... The remaining chapters focus on multihormone control of mRNA for a specific hepatic protein. This book is of great value to endocrinologists.

  • Interfacial Phenomena

    • 2nd Edition
    • J.T. Davies
    • English
    Interfacial Phenomena explores the more primary properties of different liquid interfaces. This book is divided into eight chapters, where Chapter 1 establishes the basic concepts of the physics of surfaces, including the properties of matter in the surface layer. Chapters 2 and 3 further discuss the concepts of electrostatic and electrokinetic phenomena, respectively. Other areas discussed in the later chapters include adsorption at liquid interfaces; properties of monolayers; reactions at liquid interfaces; and mass transfer across interfaces. Chapter 8 discusses the more relevant aspects of disperse systems and adhesion as related to the interfacial properties discussed in the previous chapters. The text is a valuable source of information to students and researchers in the fields of chemistry, biology, and chemical engineering and can also be used for industrial and academic laboratories.

  • Thermal Uses and Properties of Carbohydrates and Lignins

    • 1st Edition
    • Fred Shafizadeh
    • English
    Thermal Uses and Properties of Carbohydrates and Lignins contains the proceedings of the Symposium on Thermal Uses and Properties of Carbohydrates and Lignins, held during the 172nd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in San Francisco, California, in September 1976. Contributors focus on thermal uses and properties of carbohydrates and lignins and discuss processes ranging from combustion and pyrolysis to thermal degradation and decomposition, gasification, and catalytic conversion. This text is comprised of 17 chapters; the first of which introduces the reader to the relationship between the chemical composition, combustion, heat release, and pyrolysis of cellulosic materials. The chapters that follow explore the kinetics of solid-phase cellulose pyrolysis; flash pyrolysis of holocellulose from loblolly pine bark; and the decomposition products of Douglas fir under varying conditions. The influence of crystallinity on the thermal properties of cellulose; energy considerations in the pyrolysis-gasificati... process; and the catalytic conversion of carbohydrates to synthesis gas are also considered. This book highlights the diversity and complexity of uses for renewable resources, as well as the problem of turning cellulose and lignin into useful products for society. At one level, the chapters present fundamental research; at another they consider specific processes for resource utilization. This book will be of interest to professionals working in fields such as chemistry, forestry, and agriculture.

  • Control Methods in Polymer Processing

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 10
    • L. Halász
    • English
    This book discusses the process theories and automation levels of the most important polymer processes which are necessary to achieve product quality and process economy. The book describes mixing, calendering, screw plastications, sheet and tube extrusion, film blowing, blow moulding and injection moulding. The control methods employed for each of these individual processes are presented in detail. The book is designed to provide information on static and dynamic processes and viable control systems.

  • Chemical and Biochemical Applications of Lasers V1

    • 1st Edition
    • C. Bradley Moore
    • English
    Chemical and Biochemical Applications of Lasers aims to give a general introduction to as well as an evaluation of the successful application of lasers in various areas, especially in the fields of chemistry and biochemistry. The book begins with a basic knowledge of general laser physics and the types of lasers, then moves on to more specific topics that include the Raman spectra of biological materials; laser spectroscopy of gas phase ions; and optical analogs of magnetic spectroscopy. The text also discusses the molecular beams; the energy flow in polyatomic molecules; and the different properties of molecules in relation to electronical excitation and quasi-electric light scattering. Studies of different chemical reactions are also included. The text is recommended for chemists, biochemists, and chemical physicists who want to know more about lasers and its applications to their respective fields. The book will also be helpful for those concerned with the chemical reactions lasers can bring about and for those who want to conduct further studies regarding laser uses.

  • Spouted Beds

    • 1st Edition
    • Kishan Mather
    • English
    Spouted Beds is a comprehensive 13-chapter book that covers the spouting phenomenon and the special features and applications of spouted beds. After briefly discussing the history and features of spouted bed compared to fluidized bed, the book deals with the fluid and solid dynamics of spouted beds. The book then gives a description of the internal geometrical structure of a stable bed, as well as the estimation of maximum spoutable bed depth. The subsequent chapters examine the attrition and heat and mass transfer in spouted beds, both between fluid and particles and within particles. The book further discusses theoretical aspects on using a spouting bed in carrying out gas phase chemical reaction. It also describes the application of spouted bed to a large variety of mechanical, thermal, diffusional, and chemical processes, whether on the bench, pilot, or commercial scale. This is followed by a discussion on the various process and equipment modifications to a standard spouted bed that have been devised to achieve specific ends. The final chapter outlines some practical hints for the benefit of the spouted bed designer and operator. This book is an ideal resource text to spouted bed designers, operators, and manufacturers.

  • Chemical plant Taxonomy

    • 1st Edition
    • T Swain
    • English
    Chemical Plant Taxonomy focuses on the classification of plants based on their chemical composition. Composed of contributions of authors, the text first considers the methods of plant taxonomy. Folk taxonomy; Linnaean and post-Linnaean taxonomy; Darwin and ""Evolutionary Taxonomy""; and the development of taxonomic practice are considered. The book continues with discussions on the theoretical and practical aspects of the ""species"" concepts and an outline of the history of chemical taxonomy. The selection also looks at the qualities of chemotaxonomy, the usefulness of chemistry in plant taxonomy, biosynthetic pathways, and the factors affecting the production of secondary plant products. The text discusses the distribution of alkanes. The isolation and characterization of alkanes; taxonomic applications of alkanes; biogenesis of alkanes; and fossil alkanes are discussed. The selection highlights the chemical taxonomy of acetylenic compounds, the distribution of fatty acids in plant lipids, distribution of aliphatic polyols, cyclitols, plant glycosides, and alkaloids. The text is a good source of information for readers wanting to study the taxonomy of chemical plants.

  • Theory of Particulate Processes

    Analysis and Techniques of Continuous Crystallization
    • 2nd Edition
    • Alan Ranodolph
    • English
    Theory of Particulate Processes: Analysis and Techniques of Continuous Crystallization, Second Edition covers the numerous population balance-based particulate studies. This edition emerged from the notes for an industrial short course on crystallization. This book is divided into 10 chapters and begins with an outline of the methods for representation of particle distributions and a systematic approach to the predictive modeling of processes where there is a need to characterize distributions in time and space and by some identifying property. The succeeding chapters provide a specific and more elementary approach to modeling crystal size distributions, as well as the modeling the kinetics of crystal nucleation and growth rates. Other chapters discuss a wide range of system analysis and design considerations specific to crystallization for both the steady state and unsteady state. The final chapters illustrate the use of a population balance analysis to interpret data from both laboratory and process equipment. These chapters also explore a wide variety of particulate processes and systems for which the population balance analysis is useful. This book is of great value to graduate students with particulate systems course.

  • Mixing V3

    Theory and Practice
    • 1st Edition
    • Vincent W. Uhl
    • English
    Mixing: Theory and Practice, Volume III is a five-chapter text that covers the significant improvements in the theoretical aspects and knowledge in mixing related to industrial-scale operations. The introductory chapters deal with the agitation of particulate solid-liquid mixtures and the turbulent radial mixing in pipes, with particular emphasis on the effects of jets and baffles on such mixing. The following chapter presents the theoretical analysis and experimental confirmation for predicting hydrodynamic characteristics and some process results in mechanically agitated vessels. Another chapter provides a comprehensive development of approaches and recommended practices for scale-up of agitated liquid equipment. The methods considered serve as a useful guide for reducing the risk of scale-up and scale-down catastrophes. The last chapter discusses the fundamental concepts and measures of the quality of mixing and the mechanisms of mixing and segregation. This chapter also introduces the process of continuous mixing of solids.

  • Catalysis in Coal Conversion

    • 1st Edition
    • James Cusumano
    • English
    Catalysis in Coal Conversion tells of the advances in catalysis and related fields in order to suggest decisive contributions towards finding solutions for the catalytic problems of coal conversion. The book also details the preparation, mode of action, and behavior of various catalysts. The book is divided into three major parts, the first of which discusses the advances of catalysis during the last two decades including the bimetallic catalysts. Other areas of interest covered in the first part include characterization and preparation of catalysts; poisoning and regeneration; and reaction mechanisms. Part II summarizes the developments of related disciplines such as reactor engineering, inorganic and organometallic chemistry, materials science, and surface science. The last part serves as a review of the nature of the different coal liquefaction processes and their products. This book is of value to chemists and chemical engineers involved in coal conversion or fuel processing researches. Chemistry teachers and students can also use this book for examples of practical applications in industrial catalysis.

  • Enzymes in Food Processing

    • 2nd Edition
    • Gerald Reed
    • English
    Enzymes in Food Processing, Second Edition provides an understanding of the action of enzymes and the changes in enzyme technology. This book discusses the introduction of enzyme processes into the food industry. Organized into 20 chapters, this edition starts with an overview of the practical application of enzymes to the manufacture and processing of foods, such as the use of enzymes to clarify wine, produce dextrose, tenderize meat, and liquefy candy centers. This book then discusses the variables that affect all enzymes, which include moisture content, temperature, and pH. This text examines as well the different characteristics of competitive and noncompetitive inhibitions. Other chapters focus on the properties and actions of carbohydrases, which cause the chemical bonds to unite simple sugars into the polymeric saccharides. The final chapter deals with the allergic reactions that commercial enzymes may cause to humans. Microbiologists, food technologists, nutritionists, and food scientists will find this book extremely useful.

  • Dust Explosions

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 4
    • P. Field
    • English
    Handbook of Powder Technology, Volume 4: Dust Explosions presents the dust explosion problem in general terms and describes how and why dusts explode. This book discusses the various approaches used to deal with the dust explosion hazards. Organized into five chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the methods used to assess, remove, or minimize the hazard of dust explosions. This text then examines the factors that influence the initiation and severity of an explosion. Other chapters consider the explosion prevention and explosion protection techniques. This book discusses as well the characteristics of a dust explosion and the historical development of the problem. The final chapter deals with the significant concept of explosion protection to reduce the worst effects of an explosion to an acceptable level. This book is a valuable resource for managers, engineers, scientists, safety personnel, and others involved in the handling ad processing of materials in solid particulate form.

  • Ethylenimine and Other Aziridines

    Chemistry and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • O Dermer
    • English
    Ethylenimine and Other Aziridines: Chemistry and Applications deals with the chemistry and applications of ethylenimine and other aziridines. Topics covered include the formation of the aziridine ring as well as the physical and biological properties of aziridines, their polymerization and polymers, and handling and storage. Analytical methods for aziridines and derivatives are also presented. Comprised of eight chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the formation of the aziridine ring through the unimolecular rearrangement of a vicinally substituted amine to an iminium salt; intramolecular displacement by carbanions; elimination-addition reactions; and intramolecular insertion reactions. The next chapter focuses on the thermal, mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties of aziridines, together with properties involving interaction with radiation. The reactions of aziridines, such as ring-preserving and ring-destroying reactions, are also considered. Subsequent chapters explore the polymerization and polymers of aziridines, along with their industrial uses and biological properties. The final chapter is devoted to handling and storage of aziridines in light of their toxicity. This monograph will be of value to students and researchers in the field of chemistry.

  • Wood Combustion

    Principle, Processes, and Economics
    • 1st Edition
    • David A. Tillman
    • English
    Wood Combustion: Principles, Processes, and Economics examines questions of consumption, fuel wood supply, wood combustion, and its purposes. The book covers many topics that are concerned with wood as a source of fuel. These topics include the chemical and physical properties of wood fuel supply, its process of combustion, and the release and production of heat. The airborne emissions that arise from its combustion are also discussed. The book also gives an analysis of wood fuels, its present and future contribution, and the issues that surround it. The text is recommended for energy experts who are looking into the use of wood as an energy resource, as well as for those who wish to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of this energy source.

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