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Elsevier

Books in Social sciences and humanities

  • Deviancy

    The Psychology of Being Different
    • 1st Edition
    • Jonathan L. Freedman + 1 more
    • Leon Festinger + 1 more
    • English
    Deviancy: The Psychology of Being Different discusses the effects of deviancy on behavior. The book describes the effect of deviancy per se, in no reference to any particular deviant characteristic. The authors explain the methods they used in this study, as well as some checks made on the study to insure accuracy. Deviants prefer to associate with others of their kind due to fear of rejection, and they tended not to reveal their deviancy. The authors also discuss how deviants and non-deviants react and treat each other, and the degree of aggression that will be shown to a member of either group when some "fault" is assigned. They also note that 1) non-deviants choose deviants for punishment but not for reward and 2) deviants choose others like them for reward but not for punishment. The authors also show that as regards to a change in attitude, deviants are no different from non-deviants in this aspect. They also report other findings such as conformity (deviants conform less compared to non-deviants), attitude change (no effect), and compliance (depends on the circumstances). The text can prove useful for psychologists, counselors, educators, ministers, and social workers.

  • The Women's Liberation Movement

    Europe and North America
    • 1st Edition
    • Jan Bradshaw
    • English
    The Women's Liberation Movement: Europe and North America is a collection of articles that tackle various issues concerning the Women's Liberation Movement in Europe and North America. Consists of nine chapters, the book covers the feminist movement in a specific geographical region, specifically the Netherlands, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and North America. The book will be of great interest to readers concerned with the condition of feminist movement in Western countries.

  • The Concept of Schizophrenia

    • 1st Edition
    • W. F. McAuley
    • English
    The Concept of Schizophrenia considers the historical background, evolution, and genetic and environmental aspects of schizophrenia. This book is composed of eight chapters, and begins with a description of the dynamic concept of schizophrenia. The next chapters examine the role of heredity, and social and environmental conditions on human personality. The remaining chapters discuss the neurophysiology, metabolism, diagnosis, and treatment options of this condition. This book will be of value to neurologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, and general practitioners.

  • Instructional Practices

    • 1st Edition
    • D. L. Forrest-Pressley + 2 more
    • English
    Metacognition, Cognition, and Human Performance, Volume 2: Instructional Practices is a collection of papers that deals with applied settings that develop and test instructional programs in the field of education. The book discusses some insights in understanding the processes involved in writing and reading. The text defines metacognition — as a mental function and the directing of this function — and reading, as well as the structure of narratives. One paper proposes a model for cognitive monitoring and early reading by developing for children three knowledge domains: function of print, form of print, and conventions of print or metacognitive constructs. Other papers analyze metacognition, instruction, the role of questioning activities, as well as the connection between metacognition and learning disabilities. One author evaluates a different perspective whether attention-related difficulties are a normal development in a young child or a disability in the older child. This author also explains meta-attention pertaining to task solving, selective attention to other stimuli, and visual search of the surrounding or for a target object. One research shows that methodologies designed to induce underachieving children to regulate their own academic behavior can improve their performance. The text can prove useful to child psychologists, behavioral scientists, and students and professors in child education.

  • Casebook of Organizational Behavior

    • 1st Edition
    • Andrew J. Dubrin
    • English
    Casebook of Organizational Behavior provides a panorama of absorbing, appropriately complex, modern cases from a diversity of work and organizations. The cases chosen are designed to illustrate a wide range of organizational behavior concepts and principles, those ordinarily described and discussed in any comprehensive textbook in organizational behavior. This book is organized into five parts encompassing 44 chapters. It rests upon a foundation of cases about human behavior in organizations drawn from a wide variety of settings. Cases in each chapter are chosen to illustrate concepts that fall under the particular chapter heading, but the classification is not rigid. Each case is accompanied by several questions designed to focus the student's attention upon some of the more important issues raised by the case. After a brief introduction to guidelines for case analysis, this book goes on focusing on individual cases, structured under the general topics of work motivation, the human element in decision making, stresses in managerial and professional life, and political maneuvering in organizations. The next two parts are devoted to cases of small-groups and organizational behavior. Emphasis in small groups is places upon cases that have the most relevance for knowledge workers, including managers, professionals, technical and sales personnel, while in organization behavior focuses on bringing about changes in organizations, yet many of these changes are initiated at the individual and small-group level. This book is of value to college and university undergraduate and masters level courses, and in programs of management development.

  • Influencing Enterprise Risk Mitigation

    • 2nd Edition
    • Francis J. D'Addario
    • English
    In Influencing Enterprise Risk Mitigation, author Francis J. D’Addario draws on his many years of impressive security experience to describe business risk prevention and mitigation strategies. D’Addario, former security manager at Starbucks, Hardee’s, and Jerrico, shares stories of risk mitigation successes and failures—including natural disasters, a triple murder, and multimillion dollar fraud schemes—to help explain the need for an all-hazard risk mitigation approach. In this book, the author discusses the psychology of security, the geography of risk, and baseline identity authentication and access control measures. He also talks through the steps for making security a priority for the business, estimating return on investment for security services, and leveraging data to learn from the mistakes and successes of those who came before us. The ability to quantify the benefits of risk mitigation will influence business investment in prevention and response preparedness. Influencing Enterprise Risk Mitigation teaches us that both hazards and mitigation opportunities in the enterprise start at the individual and community level, and that recovery from a catastrophe hinges on individual and community resiliency. Influencing Enterprise Risk Mitigation is a part of Elsevier’s Security Executive Council Risk Management Portfolio, a collection of real world solutions and "how-to" guidelines that equip executives, practitioners, and educators with proven information for successful security and risk management programs.

  • Pattern Recognition by Humans and Machines

    Speech Perception
    • 1st Edition
    • Eileen C. Schwab + 1 more
    • English
    Pattern Recognition by Humans and Machines, Volume 1: Speech Perception covers perception from the perspectives of cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence, and brain theory. The book discusses on the research, theory, and the principal issues of speech perception; the auditory and phonetic coding of speech; and the role of the lexicon in speech perception. The text also describes the role of attention and active processing in speech perception; the suprasegmental in very large vocabulary word recognition; and the adaptive self-organization of serial order in behavior. The cognitive science and the study of cognition and language are also considered. Psychologists will find the book invaluable.

  • Labor Supply and Public Policy

    A Critical Review
    • 1st Edition
    • Michael C. Keeley
    • English
    Labor Supply and Public Policy: A Critical Review deals with the theoretical and empirical econometric research done on the determinants of labor supply and with the effects of public policies on labor supply. This book reviews the various estimates made from studies concerning the economics of labor supply and evaluates the econometric methods that these studies have used. This text also analyzes the labor-supply phenomena, the costs of the different public programs, as well as, the implications of the empirical findings of these studies. The emphasis is on empirical research: many policies that are made depend on the scale of changes in the wage rates and non-market (household) income on hours of work. This book also focuses more on the determinants of the allocation of time between the market and household sectors. The text notes that by using the means of the estimates in the different studies under review, the labor-supply response to public policies involving net wages or income, shows a substantial (but not overwhelming) reaction. This book then correlates this finding with the tax and transfer programs, such as food stamps, unemployment insurance, AFDC (aid to families with dependent children), and NIT (negative income tax). This book is suitable for economists, social workers, and policy makers who are involved in social services, community development, welfare, taxation, labor, and employment.

  • Population: Un Choix International

    Approche Multilatérale au Problème Démographique
    • 1st Edition
    • Rafael M. Salas
    • English

  • The Psychology of Human Memory

    • 1st Edition
    • Arthur Wingfield + 1 more
    • English
    The Psychology of Human Memory presents a comprehensive discussion on the principles of human memory. The book is primarily concerned with theories and experiments on the acquisition and use of information. Topics on theoretical ideas that formed the basis for the earliest studies of memory; memory processes; aspects of association theory; capacity limitations; coding processes; types of memories; and applied memory research are also tackled. Psychologists, educators, psychiatrists, and students will find the book a good reference material.

  • Groups in Contact

    The Psychology of Desegregation
    • 1st Edition
    • Norman S. Miller + 1 more
    • English
    Groups in Contact: The Psychology of Desegregation uses the contact hypothesis as a point of departure and provides new data obtained in a variety of social contexts. The contact hypothesis states that attitudes toward a disliked social group will become more positive with increased interpersonal interaction. The various chapters provide a picture of the desegregation process as a complex interplay between the cognitive processes within the individual and the structural features of the social environment. What emerges is an expanded theory of contact based on social categorization and social comparison processes. The book is organized into three parts. The chapters in Part I deal with issues of intergroup contact in a wide range of cultures and settings, each focusing on a particular social or political factor that influences receptivity to intergroup interaction and affects its outcomes. The chapters in Part II review the effects of specific interventions that have been introduced into desegregation settings with the intent of improving intergroup acceptance in those settings. Part III provides a systematic integration of the preceding chapters within a common theoretical framework. Although this book is written primarily from the perspective of social psychology, it is intended for students of intergroup relations in all disciplines. It was also written with policymakers, as well as social science researchers, in mind.

  • Last Resorts

    Emergency Assistance and Special Needs Programs in Public Welfare
    • 1st Edition
    • Joel F. Handler + 1 more
    • English
    Last Resorts: Emergency Assistance and Special Needs Programs in Public Welfare studies the implementation of emergencies and special needs programs in the United States welfare system. The book examines the balance that is reached between individualized and standardized treatment to meet emergencies and special needs, two simultaneously occurring countertrends in public welfare. The monograph discusses such topics as the balance between standardization and individualization in public welfare in the American context; the impact of standardization on basic welfare programs; relationship between emergency and special needs assistance and general welfare policies; and achieving adequate coverage of special needs and emergencies. Public administrators, social workers, lawyers, and policymakers will find the book interesting.

  • Psychoprophylactic Preparation for Painless Childbirth

    • 1st Edition
    • Isidore Bonstein
    • English
    Psychoprophylactic Preparation for Painless Chidlbirth covers the principles and physiological aspects of painless childbirth through psychoprophylactic technique. Painless childbirth by the psychoprophylactic method is the result of a psychical education of the pregnant woman, during the last weeks of pregnancy. This book is composed of 13 chapters, and begins with an introduction to the psycho-physiology of the brain and its role in childbirth, as well as the pain in childbirth. The succeeding chapter outlines the course of eight lectures presented at the psychoprophylactic preparation seminar. These lectures are followed by discussions on material requisites and the directions for labor and delivery. A chapter highlights the very important role of the husband in the psychoprophylactic method. This chapter also outlines eight lectures for husbands. The concluding chapters survey the three methods to evaluate painless childbirth, including the clinical observations of the general behavior and neuro-vegative changes of the parturient, as well as the testimony of the parturient herself. This book will prove useful to obstetrics, neuro-surgeons, gynecologists, and odontologists.

  • Lifestyle and Social Structure

    Concepts, Definitions, Analyses
    • 1st Edition
    • Michael E. Sobel
    • Peter H. Rossi
    • English
    Lifestyle and Social Structure: Concepts, Definitions, Analyses is devoted the relationship between lifestyle and social structure. The book begins by constructing a meaningful concept of lifestyle in order to understand and model this relationship. The general formulation of the concept hinges on the descriptive word style, defined as ""any distinctive, and therefore recognizable way in which an act is performed or an artifact made or ought to be performed and made."" After developing the implications of the definition, lifestyle is defined, by analogy, as ""any distinctive, and therefore recognizable mode of living."" The notion of social structure is then introduced, arguing that structural differentiation engenders lifestyle differentiation. The remainder of the work is concerned primarily with the modeling of this relationship using data from the 1972-1973 Survey of Consumer Expenditures, and with the concept of stylistic unity. Key topics discussed include the relationship between the theory of lifestyle differentiation and modern economic utility theory; psychographic notions of lifestyle; and the relationships between lifestyle and other key sociological concepts (stratification, alienation). The concept of lifestyle should be of interest to a broad range of applied and theoretical researchers.

  • Advances in Cognitive—Behavioral Research and Therapy

    Volume 5
    • 1st Edition
    • Philip C. Kendall
    • English
    Advances in Cognitive–Behavioral Research and Therapy, Volume 5 compiles assessment, treatment, and theoretical papers on cognition and behavior. This book discusses the asymmetry in the internal dialogue; reassessment of the empirical support for the rational-emotive model; and analysis of Beck's cognitive therapy for depression. The dysfunctional attitudes and a self-worth contingency model of depression; hot cognition and psychotherapy process; causal attributions in health and illness; and behavioral perspectives on the assessment and treatment of child abuse are also deliberated in this text. This publication is valuable to researchers and clinicians concerned with cognition and behavior.

  • The Psychology of Private Events

    Perspectives on Covert Response Systems
    • 1st Edition
    • Alfred Jacobs + 1 more
    • English
    The Psychology of Private Events: Perspectives on Covert Response Systems provides evidence that the assessment and manipulation of private events such as thoughts, feelings, and images facilitates the prediction and control of human behavior. The individual contributions represent a variety of approaches to theorizing and research into private events, and to the clinical applications or potential applications which have been generated by such study. The authors have addressed themselves in creative and ingenious ways to such diverse topics as creating resistance to temptation; developing feelings of attraction to appropriate sex objects; training people to experience less pain; and having mental hospital patients practice being happier. This book will be of primary interest to students and teachers of psychology, particularly those interested in behaviorally oriented clinical research and practice. Other professionals and teachers in the social sciences may also find it useful to become aware of the newer trends in psychology.

  • Inequality in American Communities

    • 1st Edition
    • Richard F. Curtis + 1 more
    • Peter H. Rossi
    • English
    Inequality in American Communities is an empirical study of inequality in U.S. communities and its impact on individual Americans. The data for this study come from sample surveys in six American cities differing in size and region. In each survey, male heads of households were asked about attributes that ranked them in the system of inequality and about a variety of attitudes and behaviors that might be affected by their ranks. The analyses seek to determine how social rank affects various attitudes and behaviors and compare these effects from community to community. Comprised of 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of theoretical assumptions about community stratification, with particular reference to how a person's life is shaped by his position in a local structure of inequality. The discussion then turns to patterns of social stratification in six cities: Columbus (Ohio), Linton and Indianapolis (Indiana), and Yuma, Safford, and Phoenix (Arizona). The distributions of various rank variables, such as income and education, in these cities are described, along with the ways in which they are related to form systems of inequality. A basic model of the processes of stratification is also presented. The remaining chapters explore the consequences of social rank and cover topics ranging from social participation and political ideology to anomia and intolerance. This monograph will be of interest to sociologists.

  • Sensory Restriction

    Effects on Behavior
    • 1st Edition
    • Duane P. Schultz
    • English
    Sensory Restriction: Effects on Behavior focuses on the presentation of experimental findings on sensory deprivation and their connection to behavior. The book first offers information on the theoretical framework and physiological effects of sensory restriction. Discussions focus on arousal and the reticular activating system; cortical arousal as a function of level of stimulus variation; possible basis for individual differences in level of arousal; galvanic skin response; biological changes; and other physiological findings. The manuscript also ponders on perceptual and motor effects, affective changes, and differences in tolerance for sensory restriction. Topics include sensory restriction research, therapeutic effects of sensory restriction, and tolerance as a function of need for stimulation. The text also ponders on the effects of social isolation, including individual and small group social isolation. The book is a valuable source of data for readers interested on the effects of sensory restriction on behavior.

  • Land Reform in Mexico: 1910—1980

    • 1st Edition
    • Susan R. Walsh Sanderson
    • Charles Tilly + 1 more
    • English
    Land Reform in Mexico: 1910–1980 presents the workings of the Mexican government by analyzing actual policies, their implementation, and their outcomes in a significant and central sector of the Mexican economy, agriculture. This book discusses the pattern of Mexican redistribution policy in agriculture over an extensive period of time, with emphasis on the causes and effects of these policy shifts. Organized into eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of the agricultural policy and modernization strategy of Mexico. This text then relates regional variations in the rural social structure of the late 19th century to the history of Mexico's unique agricultural policy. Other chapters consider the policy shifts reflected in agrarian legislation by presidential period. This book discusses as well the politics of land reform and its linkages to local, state, and national administrations. The final chapter deals with the status of agricultural policy in Mexico during the 1980s. This book is a valuable resource for scholar and students with interest in Mexican politics.

  • Social Experimentation

    a Method for Planning and Evaluating Social Intervention
    • 1st Edition
    • Henry W. Riecken + 1 more
    • English
    Social Experimentation: A Method for Planning and Evaluating Social Intervention summarizes the available knowledge about how randomized experiments might be used in planning and evaluating ameliorative social programs. The book presents various aspects of social experimentation - design, measurement, execution, sponsorship, and utilization of results. Chapters are devoted to topics on experimentation as a method of program planning and evaluation; experimental design and analysis; institutional and political factors in social experimentation; and aspects of time and institutional capacity. Sociologists will find the book a valuable piece of reference.

  • Life-Span Developmental Psychology

    Methodological Issues
    • 1st Edition
    • John R. Nesselroade + 1 more
    • English
    Life-Span Developmental Psychology: Methodological Issues is based on a conference, held at West Virginia University in 1971, that focused on the general topic of Life-Span Developmental Psychology. The conference provided a forum for the discussion of a variety of methodological issues related to the study of developmental processes over the life-span. The principal objectives of the Life-Span Conference have been not only to explicate, by successive approximation, the range of empirical phenomena with which a life-span developmental psychology should be concerned, but also to explore issues about theory, measurement, design, and data analysis which bear upon it. The book opens with a chapter on ethical issues in developmental psychology. This is followed by separate chapters on topics such as cross-cultural research in developmental psychology; the implications of the two models that have had the greatest impact on developmental psychology—the mechanistic (reactive organism) model and the organismic (active organism) model; and research strategies and measurement methods for investigating human development

  • Communication in Development

    • 1st Edition
    • W. P. Robinson
    • English
    Communication in Development is composed of papers derived from two sources. An International Conference on Social Psychology and Language was held in Bristol in July 1979. Considerations of space rather than merit prevented some of the papers, given in supplementary sessions on language development, from being published in the proceedings. These papers are published in this volume. Also included are recent and hitherto unpublished papers from European researchers working in the field of language and cognitive development. The contents of this volume range from the early non-verbal communication to the emergence of the child's understanding about referential communication, and to between and within socio-economic status differences in maternal and child behavior. The kinds of verbal and non-verbal experience that promote intellectual development are considered within the frames of both observed changes within children and cross-sectional studies of individual differences in mother-child interaction. The idea that the child's performance is context sensitive is one of the general ideas that has been taken increasingly into account. Two chapters pay close attention to this issue; both treat it as a challenge to experimental and theoretical ingenuity, recognizing that the child is an active participant in situations where he is observed and that the challenge is to divine the principles regulating the child's behavior.

  • People: An International Choice

    The Multilateral Approach to Population
    • 1st Edition
    • Rafael M. Salas
    • English
    People: An International Choice: The Multilateral Approach to Population focuses on the United Nations Fund for Population Activities' (UNFPA) international population policy, with emphasis on its multilateral approach to the world population problem. It examines how the UNFPA has tied its population programs with general social and economic progress. The methods that were used in building up the Fund to serve as an honest broker between the developed and the developing countries, as well as its successes and failures in responding to requests for aid, are discussed. This book is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with an overview of the UNFPA and its principles with respect to population problems. UNFPA has three quite different constituencies within the United Nations system whose support it needs to remain viable and to develop effective programs: the donors (primarily in the developed world), the recipients (primarily in the developing world), and the organizations carrying out UNFPA-financed programs. Subsequent chapters consider the UNFPA's early population programs and the steps it has taken to address the growing population worldwide, including staff recruitment and fundraising. This monograph should be of interest to those concerned with public sector management, development assistance, and population programs, or with improving international relations.

  • Sensory Processes at the Neuronal and Behavioral Levels

    • 1st Edition
    • G. V. Gersuni
    • English
    Sensory Processes at the Neuronal and Behavioral Levels is a collection of papers dealing with problems of functional organization of the visual and auditory systems. One paper points out that neurophysiological and psychophysiological research in vision can be combined. The paper compares the cat's contrast stimulation by Hermann's grid that elicits neuronal responses of cells with concentric and simple fields as being similar to the subjective vision in man. Another paper addresses the sources of information in the perception of visual spatial relations. For example, eye movements as the source of information about visual spatial relations are refuted. The visual system already estimates accurately the spatial properties of an object before the onset of eye movements. Another paper discusses certain concepts about the mechanisms of the auditory system. One paper presents the results of an experiment involving some adult cats. They were lightly anesthetized and their responses were recorded when the inferior colliculus, or the left and right auditory cortex were stimulated electrically. Another paper analyzes the mechanism used by insect in recognizing species-specific songs. This book is suitable for neurophysiologists, neurochemists, and researchers dealing with physiological acoustics and the psychophysics of the visual system.

  • Developmental Follow-Up

    Concepts, Domains, and Methods
    • 1st Edition
    • Sarah L. Friedman + 1 more
    • English
    Developmental Follow-Up: Concepts, Domains, and Methods is a compendium of papers that deals with developmental follow-up research, follow-up studies, criterion assessment variables and instruments, as well as analyses of developmental data. The book discusses the historical, theoretical, and methodological considerations in developmental follow-up strategies. Some papers review the history of developmental follow-up research from the early 1920s to the late 1980s, with some insights into future-oriented themes. The book also cites as an example the study of the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on child development. Other papers address health surveillance and child development, including early cognitive development and the contribution of peer interaction. Some papers consider the experimental design and data analysis such as those concerning planning for follow-up studies that will involve finances, time and resources, as well as the career impact for the investigator. Another paper reviews the significance of the time when children in the United States received a significant amount of care from someone who was not their mother. The book also discusses the role of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development propelled by societal change in a postindustrial age. The text can prove valuable for psychologists, developmental scientists, social workers, and practitioners involved in human behavioral sciences and policy studies.

  • Sociological Dilemmas

    Toward a Dialectic Paradigm
    • 1st Edition
    • Piotr Sztompka
    • English
    Sociological Dilemmas: Toward a Dialectic Paradigm aims to build a new paradigm in sociological theory by using the method of dialectical critique, patterned on the approach utilized by Karl Marx. The book explores the sociological heritage, with the theoretical works of Karl Marx as the primary basis of exposition and analysis. Chapters are devoted to the discussion of the theoretical crisis of sociology; the division of sociology between two opposing methodologies; dissociation of sociology from the prescientific traditions of social thought; and the conclusion reached by the author after an extensive analysis of sociological theories presented in the book. The book will be of value to sociologists, teachers, and students of the social sciences.

  • Human Information Processing

    An Introduction to Psychology
    • 1st Edition
    • Peter H. Lindsay + 1 more
    • English
    Human Information Processing: An Introduction to Psychology aims to convey the excitement of modern experimental psychology to the beginning student. The book discusses the organization of auditory perceptions; neural information processing; and the theories of pattern recognition. The text also describes the visual system; the dimensions of vision; the auditory system; and the dimensions of sound. The neural basis of memory; transient memories; the structure of memory; and memory processes are also considered. The book further tackles language acquisition; the process of learning and cognitive development; problem solving; and decision making. The text also looks into motivation and the biochemical responses to stress. Psychologists and students taking psychology and related courses will find the book useful."

  • Organizational Effectiveness

    A Comparison of Multiple Models
    • 1st Edition
    • Kim S. Cameron + 1 more
    • English
    Organizational Effectiveness: A Comparison of Multiple Models directly addresses the issues of non-integration and non-comparability. This book not only provides well thought out approaches to effectiveness as a construct, but also practical suggestions for improving effectiveness in organizations. A set of integrating questions that raise theoretical, conceptual, empirical, research, practical, and managerial issues are also included. This text likewise compares and contrasts theoretical and philosophical roots of a particular perspective with other perspectives. This publication is intended for scholars and researchers seeking to understand and measure organizational effectiveness, as well as practitioners who are faced with the problem of managing and improving their own organization's effectiveness.

  • Economic Policy Reform in Mexico

    A Case Study for Developing Countries
    • 1st Edition
    • Leopoldo Solís
    • English
    Economic Policy Reform in Mexico: A Case Study for Developing Countries is a five-chapter text about political economy that tries to assess the economic developments in Mexico, especially the attempt at economic reform in the early 1970s. The first chapter examines the period of Stabilizing Development to provide a framework necessary for judging the environment in which the attempts at economic reform were undertaken. This chapter is a piece of applied economics that tries to assess the too frequent attacks against that phase of economic policy. The following three chapters discuss the economic policy objectives of Echeverria's administration, the attempt at tax reform, and the change in the structure and practices of public spending. The final chapter evaluates the experience and draws some inferences about the nature of decision making in economic policy and the constraints faced by a government that wants to use economic policy as an instrument for the promotion of social welfare. This book will prove useful to economists, historians, and researchers.

  • Social Exchange in Developing Relationships

    • 1st Edition
    • Robert L. Burgess + 1 more
    • English
    Social Exchange in Developing Relationships is a collection of papers that deals with the systematic study of the development of relationships. The papers discuss several theoretical perspectives, such as evolutionary theory, personality theory, cognitive developmental theory, equity theory, role theory, and attribution theory. One paper discusses romantic relationships—the evolution of first acquaintance to close or intimate commitment. Another paper presents the hypothesis that the factors causing a relationship to begin will also probably steer intermediate cognitive processes, eventually influencing the nature of the relationship. Commitment requires specific concepts such as input levels contributed to the relationship, duration of these inputs, and their consistency of occurrence. The equity theory suggests that equity principles determine the selection of one's mate and how they (the partners) will get along in the future. One paper analyzes the dynamic theories of social relationships and the resulting research strategies: that the conceptualization of a parameter of a social relationship can affect the choice of data collection techniques and other matters. Sociologists, psychologists, historians, students, and academicians doing sociological research, can benefit greatly from this collection.

  • The Abilities and Achievements of Orientals in North America

    • 1st Edition
    • Philip E. Vernon
    • David T. Lykken
    • English
    The Abilities and Achievements of Orientals in North America is concerned with the study of the abilities, achievements, and personality characteristics of oriental immigrants and their descendants in North America. The book attempts to set a correlation between the cultural background from which the immigrants came and their history in North America, and to discover the implications for psychological theory. The text contains discussions on the problems of heredity, environment, and acculturation; racial and ethnic differences; and a comparison of biological, environmental and cultural differences between orientals and occidentals. Sociologists, psychologists, ethnologists, historians, and people who wish to study oriental character traits will find the book very insightful.

  • Reinforcement and Behavior

    • 1st Edition
    • Jack T. Tapp
    • English
    Reinforcement and Behavior brings together research findings and views of a number of investigators on the principles of learning and reinforcement. Their work has challenged the more traditional interpretations of the nature of the reinforcement process. Within the book, the chapters are organized from a molar level of analysis to a molecular one, not only to reflect the diversity of strategies that are being brought to bear on the problem, but also to show that the research on the nature of reinforcement transcends lines of scientific disciplines and that many different levels of analysis contribute to our understanding of the phenomenon. The first and last chapters give historical perspective to the remainder of the book by reviewing the contributions of a number of individuals who have dealt with the problem in their own work and by pointing out some of the major issues on the molar level that are still unresolved. The remaining chapters can be roughly divided into two categories. One examines the consequences of rewards on behavior in order to specify the limits of their operations and the variables which predispose organisms to be responsive to the consequences of rewards. The other deals with the neural mechanisms which underlie reinforcement and learning.

  • Homosexual Behaviour

    Therapy and Assessment
    • 1st Edition
    • M. P. Feldman + 1 more
    • H. J. Eysenck
    • English
    Homosexual Behavior: Therapy and Assessment explores the extent to which principles derived from the experimental psychology of learning could be applied to the treatment of a variety of behaviors. This book provides a variety of sources of evidence to account for the development and maintenance of homosexual behavior treatment. Organized into eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of the comparisons made in the treatment of sexual deviations. This text then examines the application of learning techniques to the treatment of sexual deviations. Other chapters consider the results of the treatment by aversion therapy on a series of 43 homosexual patients. This book discusses as well assessment of changes in sexual orientation during the course of treatment, which is one of the problems in the treatment of homosexuality. The final chapter deals with the association between homosexual type and success in response to avoidance learning. This book is a valuable resource for psychotherapists, clinical psychologists, and clinical psychiatrists.

  • Life-Span Developmental Psychology

    Personality and Socialization
    • 1st Edition
    • Paul B. Baltes + 1 more
    • English
    Life-Span Developmental Psychology: Personality and Socialization presents papers on personality and socialization. The book discusses the history, theory, and psychological approaches of developmental psychology, with focus on socialization and personality development through the life span; personality dimensions; and theories of socialization and sex-role development. The text also describes the life-span perspective of creativity and cognitive styles; continuities in childhood and adult moral development revisited; and issues of intergenerational relations as they affect both individual socialization and continuity of culture. The interactional analysis of family attachments; social-learning theory as a framework for the study of adult personality development; person-perception research; and the perception of life-span development are also considered. The book further tackles the potential usefulness of the life-span developmental perspective in education; the strategies for enhancing human development over the life span through educational intervention; and some ecological implications for the organization of human intervention throughout the life span. Developmental psychologists, sociologists, gerontologists, and people involved in the study of child development will find the book invaluable.

  • Family Formation in an Age of Nascent Capitalism

    • 1st Edition
    • David Z. Levine
    • Charles Tilly + 1 more
    • English
    Family Formation in an Age of Nascent Capitalism deals with the impact of early capitalism on the strategies of family formation among four sets of English villagers in the period before the wholesale switch-over to factory industry. This era, roughly speaking from 1550 to 1850, has been variously described as ""traditional,"" ""preindustrial,"" and, more recently, ""protoindustrial."" However, the author sees it as a stage in the transition from feudalism to capitalism—a halfway house. The book begins by placing the study in the context of the larger debate concerning nascent capitalism, early rural industrialization, and the growth of population. Separate chapters then discuss the growth and structure of the framework knitting industry in Shepshed and the social implications of this economic change; the patterns of immigration, population turnover, and generational replacement in Shepshed and Bottesford; and industrial involution and domestic organization in 1851. Subsequent chapters deal with the demographic implications of rural industrialization; the relationship between economic opportunity and family formation; and relationships among the expectation of marriage, bridal pregnancy, and illegitimacy.

  • Psychology

    Theoretical–Historical Perspectives
    • 1st Edition
    • R. W. Rieber + 1 more
    • English
    Psychology: Theoretical-Historic... Perspectives offers analysis, provided by different contributors, of the theoretical traditions in psychology. The compilation provides articles that discuss topics on the influences in the development of American psychology; the development of the concept of the self in psychology; the groundwork for psychology before the Civil War; and the influence of Darwin's evolutionary theories on psychology. Psychologists and students will find the book invaluable.

  • Background to the English Civil War

    The Commonwealth and International Library: History Division
    • 1st Edition
    • Frank W. Jessup
    • G. M. D. Howat
    • English
    Background to the English Civil War is a collection of literature that attempts to address various queries about the English civil war. The book is comprised 13 chapters that cover various concerns in the conflict. The text first covers the arrival of the Stuarts, and then proceeds to present materials about Charles I. Chapter 3 tackles the growing tension between the king and the population. The next chapter deals with early stages of the war. Next, the book details the execution of Charles I, the battle that comes after, and the eventual restoration of the Stuarts. The selection will be of great use to readers who have a keen interest in English history.

  • Economics Private and Public Choice

    • 1st Edition
    • James D Gwartney
    • English
    Economics: Private and Public Choice is an aid for students and general readers to develop a sound economic reasoning. The book discusses several ways to economic thinking including six guideposts as follows: (i) scarce goods have costs; (ii) Decision-makers economize in their choices; (iii) Incentives are important; (iv) Decision-makers are dependent on information scarcity; (v) Economic actions can have secondary effects; and (vi) Economic thinking is scientific. The book explains the Keynesian view of money, employment, and inflation, as well as the monetarist view on the proper macropolicy, business cycle, and inflation. The book also discusses consumer decision making, the elasticity of demand, and how income influences demand. The text analyzes costs and producer decisions, the firm under pure competition, and how a competitive model functions. The book explains monopoly, and also considers the high barriers that prevent entry such as legal barriers, economies of scale, and control over important resources. The author also presents comparative economic systems such as capitalism and socialism. This book can prove useful for students and professors in economics, as well as general readers whose works are related to public service and planning in the area of economic development.

  • Psychiatric Emergencies and the Law

    The Impact of the Mental Health Act (1959)
    • 1st Edition
    • F. E. Kenyon
    • English
    Psychiatric Emergencies and the Law: The Impact of the Mental Health Act (1959) presents the changes made before and after the implementation of the Mental Health Act of 1959. It discusses the procedures for admitting patients with mental disorder. It addresses the practical implications of such policy in the administration of psychiatric hospitals serving the City. Some of the topics covered in the book are the Lunacy Act of 1890 and 1845; the main provisions of the Mental Health Act of 1959; method of investigation; source of referral by legal status; legal status on admission; psychiatric history; readmission rate; and legal status of transfers to mental hospitals. Types of admission such as the informal admission, emergency admission, and police admission are fully covered. The admission of adolescent, geriatric, alcoholic, drug addict, and psychopathic patients are discussed in detail. The text describes in depth the subnormals, schizophrenics, and manic-depressives. The number of deaths in the psychiatric ward is presented completely. A chapter is devoted to the analysis of the statistical data on the number of patient base on gender, age, nationality, and social status. The book can provide useful information to psychologists, doctors, students, and researchers.

  • The Balance of Payments Adjustment Process in Developing Countries

    Pergamon Policy Studies on Socio-Economic Development
    • 1st Edition
    • Sidney Dell + 1 more
    • English
    The Balance of Payments Adjustment Process in Developing Countries deals with the manner in which the burden of adjustment to balance of payments disequilibrium in the 1970s was distributed between developed and developing countries. The book discusses the evidence on changes in the volume of trade; the evidence on price changes and their effects on the accounts of various groups of countries; and the general considerations regarding the character of the deficits of developing countries. The text also describes the mechanisms through which external disturbances are transmitted to the domestic economy, as well as certain questions relating to the financing of the deficits of developing countries. The changes in the world economy; the ways in which changes in the world economy affected the external accounts of the countries; and the effects of changes in the external accounts on developments in the domestic economy are also considered. The book further tackles the policy measures adopted to counter the deterioration in external balance and in growth performance and prospects; as well as the main issues that arise in the course of the adjustment process, at both national and international levels.

  • Positive Social Behavior and Morality

    Social and Personal Influences
    • 1st Edition
    • Ervin Staub
    • English
    Positive Social Behavior and Morality: Social and Personal Influences, Volume I presents the broad range of influences that encourage or inhibit people to behave positively towards others and how varied forms of positive behavior are determined. The book examines the various aspects of positive social behavior. It starts by providing the definition, significance, and relationship of positive or prosocial behavior to morality. Topics on why people behave prosocially; the determinants of people helping other people in physical distress; effects of harm doing on prosocial behavior; the limitations of current methods; the goals for future study in the field of prosocial behavior; and a theoretical model for predicting prosocial behavior are presented as well. Psychologists, sociologists, researchers, and students in the field of sociology and psychology will find this book interesting.

  • Fate and Effects of Sediment-Bound Chemicals in Aquatic Systems

    Proceedings of the Sixth Pellston Workshop, Florissant, Colorado, August 12-17, 1984
    • 1st Edition
    • Kenneth L. Dickson + 2 more
    • English
    Fate and Effects of Sediment-Bound Chemicals in Aquatic Systems presents the proceedings of the Sixth Pellston Workshop, held in Florissant, Colorado on August 12–17, 1984. This book presents the development of scientific inquiry of hazards to the aquatic environment. Organized into 27 chapters, this compilation of papers begins with an overview of water quality significance of sediment-associated contaminants to aquatic life. This text then addresses the topic of the role of suspended and settled sediments in regulating the effects of chemicals in the aquatic environment. Other chapters consider the nature and extent of partitioning and bioavailability, which are key elements in research efforts toward assessing the effects of sediments on water quality. This book discusses as well the regulatory and management strategies for chemicals entering public water supplies. The final chapter deals with conclusions and recommendations identified during the workshop. This book is a valuable resource for biologists and environmental scientists.

  • Attention, Arousal and the Orientation Reaction

    International Series of Monographs in Experimental Psychology
    • 1st Edition
    • R. Lynn
    • H. J. Eysenck
    • English
    Attention, Arousal and the Orientation Reaction aims to present in a volume the works of Pavlov, an eminent Russian physiologist known for his contributions, specifically the classical conditioning. This book contains the interpretations and theories in physiological terms, and elaborates on the neurological models of significant interest. The “orientation reaction” is described, and the Sokolov's model, which is claimed to be the most comprehensive model for the orientation reaction, is then illustrated. This text also explains the phenomenon of habituation, wherein facts involved are summarized in a chapter. A discussion on the numerous neurological models of the habituation process is then given. This text notes that the models are divided into ""one-stage models"" and ""two-stage models."" Other topics presented are the effects of transforming a neutral stimulus into a conditioned stimulus; the orientation reaction in ontogenetic and phylogenetic development; and the orientation reaction in the measurement of individual differences. This book will be beneficial to those fascinated with the works of Pavlov, especially the psychology students and practitioners.

  • Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Planning for IT Professionals

    • 2nd Edition
    • Susan Snedaker
    • English
    Powerful Earthquake Triggers Tsunami in Pacific. Hurricane Isaac Makes Landfall in the Gulf Coast. Wildfires Burn Hundreds of Houses and Businesses in Colorado. Tornado Touches Down in Missouri. These headlines not only have caught the attention of people around the world, they have had a significant effect on IT professionals as well. The new 2nd Edition of Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery for IT Professionals gives you the most up-to-date planning and risk management techniques for business continuity and disaster recovery (BCDR). With distributed networks, increasing demands for confidentiality, integrity and availability of data, and the widespread risks to the security of personal, confidential and sensitive data, no organization can afford to ignore the need for disaster planning. Author Susan Snedaker shares her expertise with you, including the most current options for disaster recovery and communication, BCDR for mobile devices, and the latest infrastructure considerations including cloud, virtualization, clustering, and more. Snedaker also provides you with new case studies in several business areas, along with a review of high availability and information security in healthcare IT. Don’t be caught off guard—Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery for IT Professionals, 2nd Edition , is required reading for anyone in the IT field charged with keeping information secure and systems up and running.

  • Forensic Testimony

    Science, Law and Expert Evidence
    • 1st Edition
    • C. Michael Bowers
    • English
    Forensic Testimony: Science, Law and Expert Evidence—favored with an Honorable Mention in Law & Legal Studies at the Association of American Publishers' 2015 PROSE Awards—provides a clear and intuitive discussion of the legal presentation of expert testimony. The book delves into the effects, processes, and battles that occur in the presentation of opinion and scientific evidence by court-accepted forensic experts. It provides a timely review of the United States Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE) regarding expert testimony, and includes a multi-disciplinary look at the strengths and weaknesses in forensic science courtroom testimony. The statutes and the effects of judicial uses (or non-use) of the FRE, Daubert, Kumho, and the 2009 NAS Report on Forensic Science are also included. The presentation expands to study case law, legal opinions, and studies on the reliability and pitfalls of forensic expertise in the US court system. This book is an essential reference for anyone preparing to give expert testimony of forensic evidence.

  • Readings and Exercises in Organizational Behavior

    • 1st Edition
    • Jane W. Gibson + 1 more
    • English
    Reading and Exercises in Organizational Behavior covers readings and exercises on organizational behavior. The book presents articles on organizational behavior foundations, individual behavior in organizations, as well as group behavior in organizations. The text also includes articles on organizational design, job design, and the effects of job stress on performance. Articles on organizational processes dealing with decision making, communication, and performance appraisal are also considered. The book concludes by demonstrating articles on the nature and scope of organizational effectiveness, including topics on organizational climate, organizational change, and organizational development. Behavioral psychologists and students taking organizational behavior courses will find the text invaluable.

  • Local Provision of Public Services

    The Tiebout Model After Twenty-Five Years
    • 1st Edition
    • George R. Zodrow
    • English
    Local Provision of Public Services: The Tiebout Model after Twenty-Five Years describes several theoretical and empirical branches of economic research related to Charles Tiebout's provocative hypothesis that consumer mobility and interjurisdictional competition result in an efficient allocation of resources to the local public sector. The book provides insights on the issues being considered in policy debates regarding the appropriate means of providing essential public services. Chapters in the book include an overview of the Tiebout model; income redistribution in a federal system; empirical relationships in the political economy of local public finance; and two conflicting views of the incidence of the property tax. Economists, local government leaders, and experts in public finance will find the book very insightful.

  • Experimental Social Psychology

    Text with Illustrative Readings
    • 1st Edition
    • Chester A. Insko + 1 more
    • English
    Experimental Social Psychology: Text with Illustrative Readings represents a new approach to undergraduate social psychology by combining both text and readings. This book grew out of the authors’ laborious and yet rewarding collaboration as associate editors of the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. The book is organized into three parts that cover the three overlapping categories of social psychology: attitude and belief change, interpersonal processes, and small groups. The investigation of attitude and belief change typically involves the persuasive impact produced by a written or orally presented communication when directed at a person. The area of interpersonal processes typically involves two people, puts greater emphasis upon the interactive nature of social relations, and is not restricted to just certain effects such as attitude or belief change. The study of interpersonal processes includes person perception, interpersonal attraction, conformity, conflict resolution, norm formation, etc. The area of small groups includes the study of groups varying in size between two and the number beyond which face-to-face interaction among all the members does not, or cannot easily, occur. Included within this category is the study of leadership, status, group decision-making, etc.

  • The Basics of Cloud Computing

    Understanding the Fundamentals of Cloud Computing in Theory and Practice
    • 1st Edition
    • Derrick Rountree + 1 more
    • English
    As part of the Syngress Basics series, The Basics of Cloud Computing provides readers with an overview of the cloud and how to implement cloud computing in their organizations. Cloud computing continues to grow in popularity, and while many people hear the term and use it in conversation, many are confused by it or unaware of what it really means. This book helps readers understand what the cloud is and how to work with it, even if it isn’t a part of their day-to-day responsibility. Authors Derrick Rountree and Ileana Castrillo explains the concepts of cloud computing in practical terms, helping readers understand how to leverage cloud services and provide value to their businesses through moving information to the cloud. The book will be presented as an introduction to the cloud, and reference will be made in the introduction to other Syngress cloud titles for readers who want to delve more deeply into the topic. This book gives readers a conceptual understanding and a framework for moving forward with cloud computing, as opposed to competing and related titles, which seek to be comprehensive guides to the cloud.

  • Fears and Phobias

    • 1st Edition
    • Isaac M. Marks
    • English
    Fears and Phobias reviews and synthesizes the different viewpoints of learning theory, psychoanalysis, ethology, and clinical psychiatry with regards to fears and phobias. The causes and treatment of phobias are examined, with due regard for relevant biological and psychological issues. Topics covered range from the etiology of fear to clinical syndromes such as agoraphobic syndrome, animal phobias, social phobias, illness phobias, and obsessive phobias. Comprised of four chapters, this book begins with an overview of the historical aspects of phobias and the components of phobias, followed by a discussion on the etiology of fear. Experimental studies on fear that focus on innateness, maturation, and learning are examined, together with genetic aspects of timidity; the kinds of situations that are feared; and the physiology and learning of fear. The next chapter deals with clinical syndromes and the classification of phobic disorders such as the agoraphobic syndrome, specific animal phobias, and social phobias, along with illness phobias, obsessive phobias, autonomic equivalents to phobic disorders, and children's fears and phobias. The final chapter is devoted to prevention and treatment of phobias, including desensitization, and psychiatric management of phobic patients. This monograph will be of interest to psychiatrists and psychologists.

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