Individuals as Producers of Their Development

List of Contributors

Preface


1 Introduction

Part I: Early Research Programs

Part II: Application to Social Problems

Part III: Locus of Control as a Moderator Variable

References

I An Update on Early Research Programs

2 The Nowicki-Strickland Life-Span Locus of Control Scales: Construct Validation

Children's Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Control Scale

Adult Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Control Scale: College and Noncollege Forms

Locus of Control in Different Cultures

Nowicki-Strickland (NS) Scale Scores, Personality, and Social Interaction

Locus of Control and Academic Achievement

Locus of Control and Physical Health and Functioning

NS Locus of Control and Abnormality

Antecedents of and Attempts to Change NS Locus of Control

Conclusions and Comments

References

3 Maternal and Childhood Behaviors as Antecedents of Internal-External Control Perceptions in Young Adulthood

Procedure

Results and Discussion

Implications of the Antecedent Data for Development of Internal Control in Adulthood

References

II Applications to Clinical Problems

4 Control Orientation, Drinking Behavior, and Alcoholism

Introduction

Control Orientation and Alcohol Use

Control Orientation and Psychological Functioning among Alcoholics

Control Orientation and Alcoholism Treatment

The Drinking-Related Locus of Control Scale

Locus of Drinking Problems Scale

Summary and Discussion

References

5 Locus of Control and Marital Interaction

Introduction

Review of Personality and Marriage Research and Theory

Strategies for Building a Theoretical Linkage between Personality and Marriage

A Theoretical Model Linking Locus of Control and Marriage

Review of the Research on Locus of Control and the Marital Relationship

Conclusion

References

III Locus of Control as a Moderator Variable

6 Person x Environment Interaction and Locus of Control: Laboratory, Therapy, and Classroom Studies

Introduction

Locus of Control and Interactional Research

Laboratory Studies: Theory-Based Research on Locus of Control x Situation Interactions

Locus of Control x Behavior Change Interactions

Locus of Control and Classroom Control

Conclusions and Future Research Directions

References

7 The Locus of Control as a Moderator Variable: Stress

Introduction

Research Concerned with Stress

Field Studies of Stress and Control

Scale-Assessed Stress and Control

Conclusion

References

8 Epilog

References

Author Index

Subject Index