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Elsevier

Books in Physics

Physics titles offer comprehensive research and advancements across the fundamental and applied areas of physical science. From quantum mechanics and particle physics to astrophysics and materials science, these titles drive innovation and deepen understanding of the principles governing the universe. Essential for researchers, educators, and students, this collection supports scientific progress and practical applications across a diverse range of physics disciplines.

  • Nonlinear System Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Austin Blaquiere
    • English
    Nonlinear System Analysis focuses on the study of systems whose behavior is governed by nonlinear differential equations. This book is composed of nine chapters that cover some problems that play a major role in engineering and physics. The opening chapter briefly introduces the difference between linear and nonlinear systems. Considerable chapters are devoted to engineering and physics related problems and their applications to particle accelerators, frequency measurements, and masers. Included in these chapters are important practical problems, such as synchronization, stability of systems with periodic coefficients, and effect of random disturbances. The remaining chapters examine random fluctuations of the motion and self-oscillators. This book is intended primarily for engineers and physicists.

  • Electron-Electron Interactions in Disordered Systems

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 10
    • A.L. Efros + 1 more
    • English
    ``Electron-Electron Interactions in Disordered Systems'' deals with the interplay of disorder and the Coulomb interaction. Prominent experts give state-of-the-art reviews of the theoretical and experimental work in this field and make it clear that the interplay of the two effects is essential, especially in low-dimensional systems.

  • Laser Ablation

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 55
    • E. Fogarassy + 2 more
    • English
    This book contains the proceedings of the largest conference ever held on this subject. The strong interest in this field is largely due to the fact that both fundamental aspects of laser-surface interaction as well as applied techniques for thin film generation and patterning were treated in detail by experts from around the world.

  • Brownian Motion and Classical Potential Theory

    • 1st Edition
    • Sidney Port
    • English
    Brownian Motion and Classical Potential Theory is a six-chapter text that discusses the connection between Brownian motion and classical potential theory. The first three chapters of this book highlight the developing properties of Brownian motion with results from potential theory. The subsequent chapters are devoted to the harmonic and superharmonic functions, as well as the Dirichlet problem. These topics are followed by a discussion on the transient potential theory of Green potentials, with an emphasis on the Newtonian potentials, as well as the recurrent potential theory of logarithmic potentials. The last chapters deal with the application of Brownian motion to obtain the main theorems of classical potential theory. This book will be of value to physicists, chemists, and biologists.

  • X-Ray Lasers

    • 1st Edition
    • Raymond C. Elton
    • English
    The first in its field, this book is both an introduction to x-ray lasers and a how-to guide for specialists. It provides new entrants and others interested in the field with a comprehensive overview and describes useful examples of analysis and experiments as background and guidance for researchers undertaking new laser designs. In one succinct volume, X-Ray Lasers collects the knowledge and experience gained in two decades of x-ray laser development and conveys the exciting challenges and possibilities still to come. The reader is first introduced to the technical challenges unique to the design and operation of lasers in the "vacuum" region of the spectrum, where the atmosphere is highly absorbent and optics are--at best--unconventional... A discussion of the basic principles for and limitations in achieving significant x-ray amplification, as well as descriptions of gain measurement techniques and instrumentation follows. Various approaches for pumping media to x-ray gain conditions are also analyzed, and descriptions of experimental progress are included wherever possible. The book concludes with a description and comparison with alternate sources and applications for an x-ray laser. This work is both an introduction to x-ray lasers and a how-to guide for specialists. It provides new entrants and others interested in the field with a comprehensive overview and describes useful analyses and experiments as guidance for researchers undertaking new laser designs.

  • Seismology: Surface Waves and Earth Oscillations

    • 1st Edition
    • Bruce Bolt
    • English
    Methods in Computational Physics, Volume 11: Seismology: Surface Waves and Earth Oscillations is a five-chapter text that deals with the computational analysis of surface waves and the eigenvibrations of the Earth. Chapter 1 describes the advances in the numerical modeling of geological structures where the appropriate partial differential equations with boundary conditions for heterogeneous materials are solved using an intricate finite difference scheme. Chapter 2 presents the computer techniques of processing seismograms to obtain information on the dispersion of seismic surface waves, while Chapter 3 explains the fast algorithms for computation of eigenvalues in surface wave and terrestrial eigenvibration problems. Chapter 4 presents a competing method, much used in structural engineering and soil mechanics. Chapter 5 is devoted to the propagation of surface waves in layered media, which indicate that density and elasticity vary only in the vertical direction. This chapter also provides the fundamentals and numerical aspects of the theory of seismic surface waves. This book is an invaluable source for seismologists, earthquake engineers, and graduate students.

  • Between Science and Technology

    • 1st Edition
    • P. Kroes + 1 more
    • English
    This book contains the papers presented at a conference organised in honour of H.B.G. Casimir's 80th birthday. Outstanding scientists from different fields of research were invited to discuss important recent developments and put them in a broader perspective.The resulting book is devoted to the following relationships between fundamental physical research and technological developments:- - the prognoses of technologically relevant phenomena on the basis of physical research; - the dependence of technological developments on physical research; - the spin-off of physical research for other disciplines; - the fact that fundamental research is required for the advancement of physics in general and of applied physics in particular. The famous Dutch physicist H.B.G. Casimir has made substantial contributions to the development of 20th century physics and was for several years head of Philips Research Laboratories. The diversity of topics addressed in this book reflects his wide range of interests.

  • Numerical Methods in Weather Prediction

    • 1st Edition
    • G Marchuk
    • English
    Numerical Methods in Weather Prediction focuses on the numerical methods for solving problems of weather prediction and explains the aspect of the general circulation of the atmosphere. This book explores the development in the science of meteorology, which provides investigators with improved means of studying physical processes by mathematical stimulation. Organized into eight chapters, this book starts with an overview of the significant physical factors that are instrumental in enriching the theoretical models of weather prediction. This text then examines the system of hydrodynamic equations and the equation of heat transfer related to large-scale atmospheric processes. Other chapters consider the quasigeostrophic approximation model, which is the basis for concepts of the dynamics of atmospheric motions and instrumental in establishing the basic features and laws of evolution of meteorological variables as applied to large-scale processes. The final chapter deals with the adjustment of the humidity field. This book is a valuable resource for meteorologists.

  • International Symposium on Nonlinear Differential Equations and Nonlinear Mechanics

    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph Lasalle
    • English
    Nonlinear Differential Equations and Nonlinear Mechanics provides information pertinent to nonlinear differential equations, nonlinear mechanics, control theory, and other related topics. This book discusses the properties of solutions of equations in standard form in the infinite time interval. Organized into 49 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the characteristic types of differential equation systems with small parameters. This text then explains the structurally stable fields on a differentiable two manifold are the ones that exhibit the simplest features. Other chapters explore the canonic system of hyperbolic partial differential equations with fixed characteristics. This book discusses as well the monofrequent oscillations that are predominantly near one or the other of the linear modes of motion. The final chapter deals with the existence and asymptotic character of solutions of the nonlinear boundary value problem. This book is a valuable resource for pure and applied mathematicians. Aircraft engineers will also find this book useful.

  • An Introduction to Solid State Diffusion

    • 1st Edition
    • Richard J. Borg + 1 more
    • English
    The energetics and mechanisms of diffusion control the kinetics of such diverse phenomena as the fabrication of semiconductors and superconductors, the tempering of steel, geological metamorphism, the precipitation hardening of nonferrous alloys and corrosion of metals and alloys. This work explains the fundamentals of diffusion in the solid state at a level suitable for upper-level undergraduate and beginning graduate students in materials science, metallurgy, mineralogy, and solid state physics and chemistry. A knowledge of physical chemistry such as is generally provided by a one-year undergraduate course is a prerequisite, though no detailed knowledge of solid state physics or crystallography is required.

  • Physical Acoustics V4B

    Principles and Methods
    • 1st Edition
    • Warren P. Mason
    • English
    Physical Acoustics: Principles and Methods, Volume IV, Part B: Applications to Quantum and Solid State Physics provides an introduction to the various applications of quantum mechanics to acoustics by describing several processes for which such considerations are essential. This book discusses the transmission of sound waves in molten metals. Comprised of seven chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the interactions that can happen between electrons and acoustic waves when magnetic fields are present. This text then describes acoustic and plasma waves in ionized gases wherein oscillations are subject to hydrodynamic as well as electromagnetic forces. Other chapters examine the resonances and relaxations that can take place in polymer systems. This book discusses as well the general theory of the interaction of a weak sinusoidal field with matter. The final chapter describes the sound velocities in the rocks composing the Earth. This book is a valuable resource for physicists and engineers.

  • Neutron Cross Sections

    • 1st Edition
    • Victoria McLane
    • English
    Neutron Cross Sections, Volume 2: Neutron Cross Section Curves presents data for total reaction cross sections and related fission parameters as a function of incident-neutron energy. This book covers energy range from 0.01 eV to 200 MeV to exclude crystalline and magnetic effects for slow neutrons and relativistic effects for high energy neutrons. The data in this volume are grouped into sections corresponding to the element of the target nucleus in the neutron-induced reaction. These sections are ordered in increasing atomic number. Within a section, graphical data are presented for the natural element followed by the isotopes of that element in order of increasing atomic mass. A list of the reaction types is provided at the end of each section. This book also provides graphical section, wherein each graphical page is annotated on the outer edge with a symbol for an element or isotope followed by the list of the cross section data for that element or isotope. The data plotted in the graphical section are tagged by a mnemonic consisting of year, laboratory, and author's last name. This tag can be used to find the corresponding reference on the bibliographic pages.

  • Accelerator Health Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • H. Wade Patterson
    • English
    Accelerator Health Physics tackles the importance of health physics in the field of nuclear physics, especially to those involved with the use of particle accelerators. The book first explores concepts in nuclear physics, such as fundamental particles, radiation fields, and the responses of the human body to radiation exposure. The book then shifts to its intended purpose and discusses the uses of particle accelerators and the radiation they emit; the measurement of the radiation fields - radiation detectors, the history, design, and application of accelerator shielding; and measures in the implementation of a health physics program. The text is recommended for health physicists who want to learn more about particle accelerators, their effects, and how these effects can be prevented. The book is also beneficial to physicists whose work involves particle accelerators, as the book aims to educate them about the hazards they face in the workplace.

  • Elementary Processes at High Energy Pt B

    • 1st Edition
    • A Zichichi
    • English
    Elementary Processes at High Energy, Part B documents the proceedings of the eighth Course of the International School of Subnuclear Physics, held in Erice, Italy in July 1970. The said conference is devoted to different areas of great influence and importance to the field of particle physics. The book is divided into three parts. Part I covers specialized topics such as the status of some relevant problems in nuclear physics; possible failure of the Pomeranchuk Theorem; and external fields in the Lee-Wick Theory. Part II discusses the future of high-energy physics, and Part III is the closing lecture, which includes the history and present status of weak interactions. The text is recommended for physicists who would like to know more about the advancements and the general direction of research in particle physics, high-energy physics, and related fields.

  • Optical Nonlinearities and Instabilities in Semiconductors

    • 1st Edition
    • Hartmut Haug
    • English
    Optical Nonlinearities and Instabilities in Semiconductors deals with various aspects of nonlinear optical phenomena and related optical instabilities in semiconductors. Measurements and explanations of the optical nonlinearities of various semiconductor materials and structures are presented, along with optical bistability and diode laser thresholds; self-oscillations; and chaos. This text consists of 17 chapters and begins with an introductory chapter to the historical background of investigations of the resonance-enhanced nonlinear optical properties of semiconductors and their manifestations in optical instabilities. The discussion then turns to the experimentally observed optical nonlinearities in homogeneous semiconductors and the microscopic theory of the optical band edge nonlinearities. This book considers the studies of the spectral region close to the band gap meant to exploit the resonance enhancement of the nonlinear optical behavior. The remaining chapters focus on nonlinear optical properties of semiconductor quantum wells; dense nonequilibrium excitations in gallium arsenide; optical decay and spatial relaxation; and optical bistability in semiconductor laser amplifiers. A chapter that describes instabilities in semiconductor lasers concludes the book. This book is intended for research students and active research workers who are interested in the basic physics or in the device applications of optical nonlinearities and instabilities in semiconductors.

  • Angular Momentum Theory for Diatomic Molecules

    • 1st Edition
    • Brain Judd
    • English
    Angular Momentum Theory for Diatomic Molecules focuses on the application of angular momentum theory in describing the complex dynamical processes in molecules. The manuscript first offers information on tensor algebra and rotation group. Discussions focus on commutation relations, spherical and double tensors, rotations, coupling, reduced matrix elements, quaternions, combination theorem for Gegenbauer polynomials, and combination theorems for spherical harmonics. The book then takes a look at R(4) in physical systems and hydrogen molecular ion, including rigid rotator, reversed angular momentum, reduced matrix elements, spheroidal coordinates, and hydrogen atom in spheroidal coordinates. The publication examines expansions and free diatomic molecules. Topics include angular momentum, molecular frame, primitive energy spectrum, rotating oscillator and hydrogen atom, expressions for electric potentials, delta functions, and Neumann expansion. The manuscript also considers external fields and perturbations. The text is a dependable reference for readers interested in the application of angular momentum theory in identifying the dynamical processes going on in molecules.

  • Space Groups and Their Representations

    • 1st Edition
    • Gertjan Koster
    • English
    Space Groups and Their Representations focuses on the discussions on space groups and their corresponding numerical and analytical representations. Divided into six chapters, the book starts with the presentation of the nature and properties of space groups. This topic includes orthogonal transformations and Bravais lattices, such as cubic system, triclinic system, trigonal and hexagonal systems, monoclinic systems, and tetragonal systems. The book then proceeds with the discussion on the irreducible representations of space groups, and then covers the general theory, simplification, and introduction. Discussions on various examples of space groups are given in the third chapter. Numerical representations are provided to support the validity of the different space groups, including discussions on double groups. The book also points out that the irreducible representation of space groups and the application of representation theory to them manifest the latest developments on geometrical crystallography. The text is a vital source of data for scholars and readers who are interested to study space groups and crystallography.

  • Experimental neutron resonance spectroscopy

    • 1st Edition
    • J Harvey
    • English
    Experimental Neutron Resonance Spectroscopy deals with the experimental technique of neutron resonance spectroscopy. Pulsed accelerator time-of-flight spectrometers and gamma rays from neutron capture in resonances are discussed. Total neutron cross section measurements are presented, along with neutron scattering and capture cross-section measurements and measurements on fissile nuclides. This book is comprised of five chapters and begins with an introduction to pulsed accelerator time-of-flight spectrometers with moderated continued neutron spectra, together with the pulsed Van De Graaff. Experimental techniques used for neutron cross section measurements, including detectors and data acquisition equipment, are then outlined. Scattering measurements and capture measurements as well as gamma-ray spectra from the capture of neutrons in resonances are considered. The final chapter focuses on the detailed and varied experiments that have been performed on the complicated fission process, together with the parameters of the resonances of the fissile nuclides. This monograph will be a useful resource for spectroscopists and physicists.

  • Turbulence and Molecular Processes in Combustion

    • 1st Edition
    • T. Takeno
    • English
    An understanding of the intricacies in the turbulent combustion process may be a key to solving many of the current energy and environmental problems. The essential nature of turbulent combustion can be derived from the interaction between stochastic flow fluctuations and deterministic molecular processes, such as chemical reaction and transport processes. Undoubtedly, this is one of the most challenging fields of engineering science today, requiring as it does the interaction of scientists and engineers in the respective fields of chemical kinetics and fluid mechanics. The 28 papers in this volume review recent advances in these two disciplines providing new insights into the fundamental processes, addressing a great deal of recent progress. This progress ranges from descriptions of elementary chemical kinetics, to working those descriptions into combustion calculations with large numbers of elementary steps, to improved understanding of turbulent reacting flows and advances in simulations of turbulent combustion. The contributions will inspire further research on many fronts, advancing the understanding of combustion processes, as well as fostering a growing interdisciplinary cooperation.

  • Advances in Magnetic Resonance

    • 1st Edition
    • John Waugh
    • English
    Advances in Magnetic Resonance focuses on the interdisciplinary field of magnetic resonance. Comprised of four chapters, this book discusses collective atomic motions in crystals as studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and elaborates Mori's formalism as applied to the spin relaxation theory. It also discusses chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization, magnetic shielding, and magnetic susceptibility. Students and physicists looking for a comprehensive source on magnetic resonance will find this book invaluable.

  • Internal Conversion Processes

    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph Hamilton
    • English
    Internal Conversion Processes documents the proceedings of the International Conference on the Internal Conversion Process held at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee on May 10-13, 1965. This compilation discusses the internal conversion theory; experimental methods for the determination of internal conversion coefficients; and conversion electron-gamma directional correlation. Other topics include the application of the internal-external conversion (IEC) method to the lens-type spectrometer; anomalies of E2 conversion coefficients in the deformed-nucleus region; and conversion coefficients of mixed E2-M1 rotational transitions. The anomalous El conversion; internal conversion electrons from primary fission fragments; particle parameters measured in pure transitions; and survey of El transitions in the rare earth region are also discussed in this book. This publication is a good reference for nuclear physicists and researchers conducting work on the various types of measurements that involve internal conversion electrons.

  • Recent Research in Molecular Beams

    • 1st Edition
    • Immanual Estermann
    • English
    Recent Research in Molecular Beam is a collection of scientific papers that have been inspired by Otto Stern, the founder of Molecular Beam Research. This book is composed of 10 chapters and begins with discussions on the early history of molecular beam research. The next chapters describe the velocity distribution measurements made on potassium molecular beams with a fixed-frequency, variable phase velocity selector, along with a brief consideration of the principles and concepts of electron magnetic moment and atomic magnetism. A chapter presents the atomic beam spectroscopic experiments on the metastable state of the hydrogen-like atoms that depend on a wholly different principle for the detection of transitions. This text further explores the effects of variations in the oscillatory field amplitudes, perturbations by neighboring resonances, perturbations by oscillatory fields, variations in the fixed field amplitudes, and phase shifts of the oscillatory fields. These topics are followed by a comparison of advantages and limitations of various techniques for spin property measurement as they apply in particular to radioactive nuclei, such as optical and molecular gas microwave spectroscopy, nuclear and paramagnetic resonance, and atomic beams. The remaining chapters examine fluid friction in a rarefied gas flow; some applications of molecular beam techniques to chemistry; and the polarized neutrons based on a Stern-Gerlach experiment. This work will be of great value to workers and researchers in molecular beam field.

  • Handbook of florescence spectra of Aromatic Molecules

    • 2nd Edition
    • Isadore Berlman
    • English
    Handbook of Fluorescence Spectra of Aromatic Molecules, Second Edition describes the fluorescence and absorption spectra of about 200 aromatic compounds, most of which fall into the following classes: p-oligophenylenes, indole derivatives, fluoranthene derivatives, napthalene derivatives, biphenyl derivatives, and biological stains. Experiments with lasers and their relevance to fluorescence studies are included. This handbook is comprised of seven chapters and begins with a historical overview of research into the fluorescence characteristics of compounds, the methods and equipment used to measure fluorescence, and elementary considerations concerning luminescence. The format for the presentation of data pertaining to each compound covered in this text is described, together with the equipment for exciting, detecting, and recording the spectrum of the emitted radiation. The discussion then turns to the free electron model and presents general information on concepts such as chromophores, planar and nonplanar molecules, effects of planarity on fluorescence, solvent and concentration effects, and polarization. The following chapters focus on compounds such as benzene and polycyclic hydrocarbons as well as some uses of fluorescent compounds. This monograph will be of interest to organic chemists and physicists.

  • Polymer Sequence Determination

    Carbon-13 NMR Method
    • 1st Edition
    • James Randall
    • English
    Polymer Sequence Determination: Carbon-13 NMR Method covers the principles, practice, and application of 13C NMR to polymer structure determination. This book is divided into six chapters that highlight spectral interpretations, applications, and experimental considerations. Chapter 1 examines the polymer structure, with special emphasis on those structural features delineated by 13C NMR, along with the assignment techniques used during 13C NMR interpretations of polymer spectra. Chapters 2 and 3 present the methods for measuring sequence distributions and number-average sequence lengths for configurational sequences in vinyl homopolymers and for the comonomer distribution in copolymers and terpolymers. Chapter 4 discusses the statistical approaches to polymer characterization, while Chapter 5 contains practical experimental considerations when designing an NMR experiment to obtain quantitative structural information. Chapter 6 reviews 13C NMR studies for various vinyl homopolymers and copolymers. This book will be of great value to polymer scientists, NMR spectroscopists, and researchers.

  • Atmospheric Chemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • Julian Heicklen
    • English
    Atmospheric Chemistry is a comprehensive treatment of atmospheric chemistry and covers topics ranging from the structure of the atmosphere to the chemistry of the upper atmosphere and the ionosphere. Atmospheric pollutants, hydrocarbon oxidation, and photochemical smog are also discussed, along with the reactions of O8 and singlet O2, the chemistry of SO2 and aerosols, and methods for controlling atmospheric pollution. This book is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with an overview of the composition and chemistry of the atmosphere as well as its physical characteristics and the chemistry of meteors. The next two chapters deal with the chemistry of the upper atmosphere and the ionosphere, with emphasis on neutral oxygen atmosphere, carbon-hydrogen-oxyg... cycle, and the D region. The chemistry of atmospheric pollutants is also examined, along with hydrocarbon oxidation and photochemical smog. The remaining chapters focus on the reactions of O8 and singlet O2, the chemistry of SO2 and aerosols, and methods for controlling atmospheric pollution. This monograph should be useful to graduate students and scientists who wish to study atmospheric chemistry.

  • Non-Stoichiometry in Semiconductors

    • 1st Edition
    • K.J. Bachmann + 2 more
    • English
    Significant advances have occurred in the theory of non-stoichiometry problems and fundamentally new and wide-ranging applications have been developed, helping to better identify relevant issues. The contributions in this volume bring together the experience of specialists from different disciplines (materials scientists, physicists, chemists and device people) confronted with non-stoichiometry problems. The 40 papers, including 9 invited papers, give an advanced scenario of this wide interdisciplinary area, which is highly important in its diverse aspects of theory, implementation and applications. This work will be of interest not only to universities and laboratories engaged in studies and research in this field, but also to organizations and industrial centres concerned with implementations and applications. The diversity of the topics, as well as the extraordinary tempo in which Non-stoichiometry in Semiconductors has progressed in recent years attest to the permanent vitality of this field of research and development.

  • Nonlinear Optical Parametric Processes in Liquids and Gases

    • 1st Edition
    • John Reintjes
    • English
    Nonlinear Optical Parametric Processes in Liquids and Gases focuses on the parametric processes that occur in liquids and gases. This book examines the mathematical results that are intended mainly for their usefulness in quantifying the physical interpretations of the various concepts to actual systems. Comprised of six chapters, this text starts with a discussion on the nonlinear optical processes, and then explores the basis for nonlinear optical interactions. This book describes the various third-order frequency mixing processes and the basic properties of nonlinear interactions, including phase matching and resonant enhancement. Other chapters consider the processes of frequency mixing and harmonic generation that are used as illustrations of the basic principles. The final chapter explores the applications of several nonlinear optical interactions, with a focus on the use of nonlinear optical processes to control the propagation of optical waves or to obtain information about a material system. This book is intended for researchers and readers engaged in the study of university-level mathematics, electromagnetic theory, and atomic physics.

  • Nuclear, Particle and Many Body Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Philip Morse
    • English
    Nuclear, Particle, and Many Body Physics, Volume I is a collection of scientific papers dedicated to the memory of Amos de-Shalit, a distinguished physicist. The book contains chapters that discuss various studies in the field of nuclear and particle physics. The text covers such topics as chemical binding in classical Coulomb lattices; algebraic treatment of subsidiary conditions in dual resonance models; the complete Schwarzschild solution; the investigation of nucleon-nucleon correlations by means of high-energy scattering; and some aspects on the magnetic-dipole moments of states in near-spherical nuclei. Theoretical, experimental, and nuclear physicists, researchers, and students in the field of physics will find the book invaluable.

  • Principles of Medical Imaging

    • 1st Edition
    • K. Kirk Shung + 2 more
    • English
    Since the early 1960's, the field of medical imaging has experienced explosive growth due to the development of three new imaging modalities-radionucl... imaging, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. Along with X-ray, they are among the most important clinical diagnostic tools in medicine today. Additionally, the digital revolution has played a major role in this growth, with advances in computer and digital technology and in electronics making fast data acquisition and mass data storage possible. This text provides an introduction to the physics and instrumentation of the four most often used medical imaging techniques. Each chapter includes a discussion of recent technological developments and the biological effects of the imaging modality. End-of-chapter problem sets, lists of relevant references, and suggested further reading are presented for each technique.

  • Atoms and Molecules

    • 1st Edition
    • Mitchel Weissbluth
    • English
    Atoms and Molecules describes the basic properties of atoms and molecules in terms of group theoretical methods in atomic and molecular physics. The book reviews mathematical concepts related to angular momentum properties, finite and continuous rotation groups, tensor operators, the Wigner-Eckart theorem, vector fields, and vector spherical harmonics. The text also explains quantum mechanics, including symmetry considerations, second quantization, density matrices, time-dependent, and time-independent approximation methods. The book explains atomic structure, particularly the Dirac equation in which its nonrelativistic approximation provides the basis for the derivation of the Hamiltonians for all important interactions, such as spin-orbit, external fields, hyperfine. Along with multielectron atoms, the text discusses multiplet theory, the Hartree-Fock formulation, as well as the electromagnetic radiation fields, their interactions with atoms in first and higher orders. The book explores molecules and complexes, including the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, molecular orbitals, the self-consistent field method, electronic states, vibrational and rotational states, molecular spectra, and the ligand field theory. The book can prove useful for graduate or advanced students and academicians in the field of general and applied physics.

  • Spectral Analysis in Geophysics

    • 1st Edition
    • B.M. BÃ¥th
    • English

  • Relaxation Phenomena in condensed Matter Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Sushanta Dattagupta
    • English
    Relaxation Phenomena in Condensed Matter Physics features various methods for spectroscopy techniques presented in this book and the relation of these techniques to correlation functions. This book aims to present the similarities and differences between different studies of the relaxation phenomena and to come up with a unified theoretical approach. This text is divided into two major parts, A and B. Part A deals briefly with several spectroscopy experiments and how they can be analyzed in terms of correlation functions. Spectroscopy techniques are likewise discussed in this part. Part B focuses on the stochastic theory of the said correlation functions, where each stochastic model is situated in the context of a physical process. The result of the calculations is then related to one of the experiments featured in Part A. These stochastic methods provide a simple mathematical framework in analyzing relaxation phenomena that can be related to diffusion process. This book is targeted to graduate students who have already taken quantum and statistical physics and is a good reference to students, scientists, and researchers in the field of condensed matter physics.

  • Spectroscopy of Crystals Containing Rare Earth Ions

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 21
    • A.A. Kaplyanskii + 1 more
    • English
    ``Spectroscopy of Crystals Containing Rare Earth Ions'' contains chapters on some key problems selected from a broad range of spectroscopic studies of RE-activated solids including both crystalline and glassy materials. Progress in crystal field theory is surveyed, an area which is basic to our understanding of the energy levels. The treatment of dynamical properties includes studies of coherence phenomena in isolated ions, energy transfer between ions and co-operative phenomena associated with ion-ion and ion-lattice interactions. In addition, the role of electron spins and nuclear spins is studied by light scattering and double resonance techniques. The presence of inhomogeneous broadening of spectral lines is observed and studied in many contexts, leading to new insights into general problems of the disordered state. Considerable attention is devoted to describing new experimental techniques whose development is of prime importance for progress in the spectroscopy of RE-activated solids. Many of these rely on the development and application of tunable lasers. At the moment this is a very active field of spectroscopy with more exciting developments likely to occur in the future.

  • Many – Body Phenomena At Surfaces

    • 1st Edition
    • David Lengreth
    • English
    Many-Body Phenomena at Surfaces contains the proceedings of a two-week 1983 Workshop on Many-Body Phenomena at Surfaces sponsored by the Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara. This workshop covers the many-body phenomena and the many-particle aspects of structural phenomena. This text is organized into six parts encompassing 29 chapters, and begins with a description of the method generally used to calculate ground state properties, densities, equilibrium positions, adiabatic potential curves, and energies of surfaces with and without an adsorbate atom or molecule. It goes on to apply these methods to binding and the calculation of potential surfaces, followed by a more diffuse section on various spectroscopies. Topics here include the experiments that elucidate the dynamic phenomena and the theoretical description, which is of relevance to dynamics. The next section discusses the dynamic phenomena of the inelastic mechanisms important when atomic and molecular species impinge on a surface. The remaining sections describe some elementary reactions, catalysis, and magneto-catalytic phenomena. This book is directed toward all surface scientists, specifically physicists, chemists, theorists, and experimentalists.

  • International Trends in Optics

    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph W. Goodman
    • English
    International Trends in Optics provides a broad view of work in the field of optics throughout the world. Topics range from quantum optoelectronics for optical processing to optics in telecommunications, along with microoptics, optical memories, and fiber-optic signal processing. Holographic optical elements for use with semiconductor lasers are also considered. Comprised of 34 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to some of the practical applications of integrated optical circuits, optoelectronic integrated circuits, and photonic integrated circuits. Subsequent chapters deal with quantum optoelectronics for optical processing; fiber-optic signal processing; holographic optical elements for use with semiconductor lasers; potential uses of photorefractives; and adaptive interferometry that makes use of photorefractive crystals. Water wave optics and diffraction are also examined, together with the essential journals of optics and the opposition effect in volume and surface scattering. The final chapter is devoted to optical computing, with emphasis on its processing functions and architecture. This monograph will be of interest to students, practitioners, and researchers in physics and electronics.

  • Continuum Physics

    Mixtures and EM field Theories
    • 1st Edition
    • A Eringen
    • English
    Continuum Physics, Volume III: Mixtures and EM Field Theories discusses the field theories for bodies composed of different substances, such as mixtures and interaction of electromagnetic effects with the deformable bodies. This book aims to present the mathematical foundations of nonlinear mechanical, electrical, and magnetic phenomena that take place in mixtures and materially uniform bodies. This volume consists of three parts. Part I is devoted to the development of the theory of mixtures, including kinematics, balance laws, and constitutive equations for bodies consisting of several different substances. Part II is concerned with the mechanics of deformable bodies interacted by electromagnetic fields. The deformation produced by EM fields, EM fields resulting from the deformation of bodies, and plethora of other physical phenomena arising from mechanical and EM interactions are also covered. Micromagnetism is covered in Part III, including considerations arising from the interaction of strong magnetic fields with the inner structure of the body. This publication is valuable to students and researchers interested in mixtures and EM field theories.

  • Principles of Electron Optics

    Wave Optics
    • 3rd Edition
    • Peter W. Hawkes + 1 more
    • English
    The three volumes in the PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRON OPTICS Series constitute the first comprehensive treatment of electron optics in over forty years. While Volumes 1 and 2 are devoted to geometrical optics, Volume 3 is concerned with wave optics and effects due to wave length. Subjects covered include:Derivation of the laws of electron propagation from SchrUdinger's equationImage formation and the notion of resolutionThe interaction between specimens and electronsImage processingElectron holography and interferenceCoherenc... brightness, and the spectral functionTogether, these works comprise a unique and informative treatment of the subject. Volume 3, like its predecessors, will provide readers with both a textbook and an invaluable reference source.

  • Photosynthetic Reaction Center

    • 1st Edition
    • Johann Deisenhofer + 1 more
    • English
    The availability of the photosynthetic reaction center's structure at an atomic resolution of less than three angstroms has revolutionized research. This protein is the first integral membrane protein whose structure has been determined with such precision. Each volume of the Photosynthetic Reaction Center contains original research, methods, and reviews. Together, these volumes cover our current understanding of how photosynthesis converts light energy into stored chemical energy.Volume I describes the chemistry and biochemistry of photosynthesis, including green plant photosynthesis; it is devoted to the overall features and implications of the bacterial reaction center for green plant research. It features a new description of the structure of the reaction center, followed by coverage of the antenna and light functions. Volume I also details new manipulations of the reaction center including chemical and genetic modifications. It describes how the reaction center provides reducing power via electron transfer chemistry coupled to proton uptake and release; coupling of electron transport between the oxidized reaction center and the aqueous periplasm; and the general operation of membrane-bound proteins. Additionally, this volume contains five chapters detailing facets of green plant photosynthesis important for future research.

  • Silicon Processing for Photovoltaics II

    • 1st Edition
    • C.P. Khattak + 1 more
    • English
    The processing of semiconductor silicon for manufacturing low cost photovoltaic products has been a field of increasing activity over the past decade and a number of papers have been published in the technical literature. This volume presents comprehensive, in-depth reviews on some of the key technologies developed for processing silicon for photovoltaic applications. It is complementary to Volume 5 in this series and together they provide the only collection of reviews in silicon photovoltaics available.The volume contains papers on: the effect of introducing grain boundaries in silicon; the commercial production for multicrystalline silicon ingots and ribbon; epitaxial solar cell fabrication; metallurgical approaches to producing low-cost meltstock; the non-conventional bifacial solar cell approach.

  • Porous Media Fluid Transport and Pore Structure

    • 1st Edition
    • F Dullien
    • English
    Porous Media: Fluid Transport and Pore Structure presents relevant data on the role of pore structure in terms of transport phenomena in pore spaces. The information is then applied to the interpretation of various experiments and results of model calculations. This book emphasizes the discussion of ""flow through porous media"" in terms of interactions among the three main factors. These factors are transport phenomena, interfacial effects, and pore structure. An introductory chapter opens the text and presents some of the basic concepts and terms that will be encountered all throughout. Chapters 2 to 4 focus on the important foundations of the physical phenomena as applied in the pore space of porous media. These foundations are capillarity, pore structure, and single phase flow and diffusion. Chapters 5 to 7 discuss more in detail the different applications of pore structure to various operations and processes. Some of the concepts covered in this part of the book include flow and/or diffusion through a porous medium, simultaneous flow of immiscible fluids and immiscible displacement, and miscible displacement and hydrodynamic dispersion. This book is a good reference to students, scientists, and engineers in the field of chemistry, physics, and biology.

  • Optical Instruments Pt II

    • 1st Edition
    • Rudolf Kingslake
    • English
    Applied Optics and Optical Engineering, Volume V: Optical Instruments, Part II covers the principles and mode of operation of various optical instruments. This book contains 11 chapters that complete the series of 50 chapters, which provide information on many aspects of applied optics. The opening chapters of this book deal with the principles and properties of dispersing prisms and diffraction gratings. The subsequent chapters describe the principles and polarizing properties of spectrographs, monochromators, and spectrophotometers. Other chapters are devoted to the mode of operation and properties of other optical instruments, such as colorimeters, astronomical telescopes, and military, surveying, tracking, and medical optical instruments. The final chapters examine the fundamentals and applications of ophthalmic instruments and motion picture equipment. This text will be of value to optical scientists, engineers, and researchers.

  • Ion Beam Assisted Film Growth

    • 1st Edition
    • T. Itoh
    • English
    This volume provides up to date information on the experimental, theoretical and technological aspects of film growth assisted by ion beams. Ion beam assisted film growth is one of the most effective techniques in aiding the growth of high-quality thin solid films in a controlled way. Moreover, ion beams play a dominant role in the reduction of the growth temperature of thin films of high melting point materials. In this way, ion beams make a considerable and complex contribution to film growth. The volume will be essential reading for scientists, engineers and students working in this field.

  • Atomic Physics 10

    • 1st Edition
    • H. Narumi + 1 more
    • English
    Atomic Physics 10 presents the manuscripts of the invited talks delivered at the ICAP-X. The conference continued the tradition of the earlier conferences by reviewing broad areas of fundamental atomic physics and related subjects. In addition to the invited talks two hundred and fifty four contributed papers were presented in two poster sessions. The conference was attended by three hundred and thirty participants from twenty countries and the topics covered include:- fundamental atomic physics including QED; - parity violation and quark physics; - exotic atoms; - electronic structure of atoms and the dynamics associated with advanced laser spectroscopy; - applied and interdisciplinary fields using synchrotron radiation spectroscopy; - atomic processes in hot plasmas and interstellar space; - the quantum Hall effect in solids.

  • Time-correlated single photon counting

    • 1st Edition
    • Desmond O'Connor
    • English
    Time-correlated Single Photon Counting has been written in the hope that by relating the authors' experiences with a variety of different single photon counting systems, they may provide a useful service to users and potential users of this formidably sensitive technique. Of all the techniques available to obtain information on the rates of depopulation of excited electronic singlet states of molecular species, monitoring of fluorescence provides, in principle, the simplest and most direct measure of concentration. This volume comprises eight chapters, with the first focusing on the time dependence and applications of fluorescence. Succeeding chapters go on to discuss basic principles of the single photon counting lifetime measurement; light sources; photomultipliers; electronics; data analysis; nanosecond time-resolved emission spectroscopy; time dependence of fluorescence anisotropy. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the field of chemistry.

  • Incommensurate Phases in Dielectrics

    2. Materials
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 14
    • English
    Modern Problems in Condensed Matter Sciences, Volume 14.2: Incommensurate Phases in Dielectrics, 2: Materials offers a physical picture of incommensurate insulators and gives readers an idea how experimental techniques can be used to study the dynamic and static properties of incommensurate systems on a microscopic level. The selection first offers information on the modulated phases in thiourea and incommensurate phase of quartz and barium sodium niobate (BSN). Discussions focus on the characteristics of the incommensurate phase in BSN, thermal hysteresis and relaxation effects, macroscopic symmetry breaking and related anomalies, properties of quartz and the discovery of the incommensurate phase, and dynamical properties. The text examines the incommensurate phases in an aromatic molecular crystal, including symmetry properties, molecular nature of the structural instability, satellite reflections, and excitations in incommensurate phases. The publication ponders on the incommensurate structures in liquid crystals, as well as liquid crystals and effects of incommensurability; incommensurate structures in cholesterol and sematic liquid crystals induced by external fields; incommensurate flex electric structure in hematic liquid crystals; and incommensurate sematic structures as polymorphous modifications. The selection is a vital reference for researchers interested in the incommensurate phases in dielectrics.

  • Vacuum Engineering Calculations, Formulas, and Solved Exercises

    • 1st Edition
    • Armand Berman
    • English
    This book was written with two main objectives in mind - to summarize and organize the vast material of vacuum technology in sets of useful formulas, and to provide a collection of worked out exercises showing how to use these formulas for solving technological problems. It is an ideal reference source for those with little time to devote to a full mathematical treatment of the many problems issued in vacuum practice, but who have a working knowledge of the essentials of vacuum technology, elementary physics, and mathematics. This time saving book employs a problem-solving approach throughout, providing the methodology for computing vacuum parameters. References and solved exercises are appended to the end of each chapter.

  • Mathematical methods in Nuclear reactor Dynamics

    • 1st Edition
    • Ziya Akcasuh
    • English
    Mathematical Methods in Nuclear Reactor Dynamics covers the practical and theoretical aspects of point-reactor kinetics and linear and nonlinear reactor dynamics. The book, which is a result of the lectures given at the University of Michigan, is composed of seven chapters. The opening chapter of the book describes various physical phenomena influencing the temporal behavior of neutrons to provide insights into the physics of reactor dynamics and the interrelationships between various diverse phenomena. The text then presents a set of equations, called point kinetic equation, which describes the time behavior of the total power generated in the medium. The book also provides a short discussion on Gyftopoulos modification and Becker’s formulation. The next chapters explore the exact methods for solving the feedback-free point kinetic equations for a number of reactivity insertions and the validity of the various approximate methods of solution. The book also examines the derivation of models for a certain reactor type and briefly discusses the validity of these models in certain cases against experimental data. A chapter focuses on a concise presentation of the stability theory of linear systems with feedback. Lastly, the concepts of stability in nonlinear reactor systems and the criteria for asymptotic stability in the large as well as in a finite domain of initial disturbances are covered in the concluding chapter. The text is an ideal source for nuclear engineers and for those who have adequate background in reactor physics and operational and applied mathematics.

  • Geophysics

    • 1st Edition
    • Bruce Bolt
    • English
    Methods in Computational Physics, Volume 13: Geophysics is a 10-chapter text that focuses with the theoretical solid-earth geophysics. This volume specifically covers the general topics of terrestrial magnetism and electricity, the Earth's gravity field, tidal deformations, dynamics of global spin, spin processing, and convective models for the deep interior. This volume surveys first the construction of mathematical models, such as the representation of the geomagnetic field by assuming arrangements of multipole sources in the core and the fast computer evaluation of two- and three-dimensional gravity models, which revolutionized their use in mineral prospecting and in studies of the crust. These topics are followed by a presentation of geophysical modeling and the uncertainties involved in quantitative convection studies of mantle flow. Other chapters explore the construction of numerical geophysical models related intimately to the inverse problem whereby maximum likelihood estimates of the required parameters must be determined along with calculation of confidence limits, including density, conductivity, and viscosity. The remaining chapters are devoted to the importance of harmonic analysis in geophysics, particularly spherical harmonic analysis, which has seen many refinements and applications. Physicists, geoscientists, and mathematicians will find this book invaluable.

  • Electrons in Solids 2e

    An Introductory Survey
    • 2nd Edition
    • Richard Bube
    • English
    Electrons in Solids, Second Edition: An Introductory Survey introduces the reader to electrons in solids and covers topics ranging from particles and waves to the free electron model, energy bands, and junctions. Optical and electrical properties are also discussed, along with magnetic properties. The wavelike properties of all of matter are chosen as an integrating theme into which to weave such themes as crystal lattice vibrations (with their effect on electron mobility and electrical and thermal conductivity), electromagnetic waves (with their effect on optical reflection and absorption), and electronic transport in solids (with its dependence on the wavelike properties of electrons). This book is comprised of 11 chapters and begins with an overview of particles and waves, together with classical views of electrons, light, and energy. The general properties of waves are then discussed, with particular reference to traveling waves, standing waves, transverse waves, and longitudinal waves. Lattice waves, light waves, and matter waves are also considered. The reader is also introduced to wave equations, boundary conditions, and general wave properties. The remaining chapters are devoted to optical, electrical, and magnetic properties as well as junctions, including metal-metal junctions, metal-semiconductor junctions, and metal-semiconductor junctions. This monograph is intended for undergraduates and first-year graduate students with a background primarily in materials science, metallurgy, or one of the other engineering disciplines.

  • Theory and Practice of Emulsion Technology

    • 1st Edition
    • A.L. Smith
    • English
    Theory and Practice of Emulsion Technology covers the proceedings of the Theory and Practice of Emulsion Technology Symposium, held at Brunel University on September 16-18, 1974. This book is organized into four sessions encompassing 19 chapters. The opening session deals with the emulsification process and emulsion polymerization, as well as the adsorption behavior of polyelectrolyte-stab... emulsions. The following session examines the rheological properties, stability, and fluid mechanics of emulsions. This session also looks into the role of protein conformation and crude oil-water interfacial properties in emulsion stability. The third session highlights the preparation, formation, properties, and application of bitumen emulsions. The concluding session describes the process of spontaneous emulsification; the steric emulsion stabilization; the interfacial measurements of oil-in-water emulsions; and the influence of the disperse phase on emulsion stability. This book will be of value to chemists, chemical and process engineers, and researchers.

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