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Elsevier

Books in Earth and planetary sciences

Elsevier's Earth and Planetary Sciences collection brings together pioneering research on the complexities of our planet and beyond. Covering topics from Earth's structural dynamics and ecosystems to planetary exploration, these titles support advancements in geoscience, environmental science, and space studies, offering essential insights for researchers, professionals, and students.

  • Energy at the Surface of the Earth

    An Introduction to the Energetics of Ecosystems
    • 1st Edition
    • David H. Miller
    • J. Van Mieghem + 1 more
    • English
    Energy at the Surface of the Earth: An Introduction to the Energetics of Ecosystems presents way of looking at the manner in which the biological, physical, and cultural systems that mantle the landmasses of our planet receive, transform, and give off energy, which is an essential condition of existence that takes many forms. Energy conversions establish the climate in which these systems operate. The principal forms of energy that are converted at the ecosystem scale include radiant, latent, mechanical, chemical and fossil, and thermal. The book begins with radiant energy absorbed by ecosystems—a phenomenon that is independent of their surface temperature and that can be looked on as a burden or a gift, depending on circumstances. An increase in such absorption raises surface temperature, as described in the fulcrum chapter of the book, Chapter VIII. This increase in turn sets into action outflows of energy that by the first law of thermodynamics are equal in energy units, although not necessarily equal in quality to the inflows. The final chapters deal with vertical stratification and areal contrasts in energy budgets, the augmented energy budget of the city, and the responses that serve to keep the budget balanced.

  • The Geology of the Canary Islands

    • 1st Edition
    • Valentin R. Troll + 1 more
    • English
    The Geology of the Canary Islands provides a concise overview of the geology and volcanology of the Canary Islands, along with 27 carefully planned day excursions comprising trips on all of the islands. Each stop includes a description on how to approach a site and where to park with GPS locations provided. The book covers all the spectacular features of the islands, including active ocean island volcanoes whose origins are linked to a hot spot or plume causing anomalously hot mantle material to intrude the African plate, submarine volcanic sequences uplifted inside the islands, sub- aerial shield volcanoes, and the remains of giant lateral collapses. Through its clearly written and richly color-illustrated introduction and field guide, this book is essential reading for geologists who visit the Canary Islands, one of the largest and most fascinating active volcanic systems in Europe.

  • Volcanic Ash

    Hazard Observation
    • 1st Edition
    • Shona Mackie + 4 more
    • English
    Volcanic Ash: Hazard Observation presents an introduction followed by four sections, each on a separate topic and each containing chapters from an internationally renowned pool of authors. The introduction provides a volcanological context for ash generation that sets the stage for the development and interpretation of techniques presented in subsequent sections. The book begins with an examination of the methods to characterize ash deposits on the ground, as ash deposits on the ground have generally experienced some atmospheric transport. This section will also cover basic information on ash morphology, density, and refractive index, all parameters required to understand and analyze assumptions made for both in situ measurements and remote sensing ash inversion techniques. Sections two, three, and four focus on methods for observing volcanic ash in the atmosphere using ground-based, airborne, and spaceborne instruments respectively. Throughout the book, the editors showcase not only the interdisciplinary nature of the volcanic ash problem, but also the challenges and rewards of interdisciplinary endeavors. Additionally, by bringing together a broad perspective on volcanic ash studies, the book not only ties together ground-, air-, academic, and applied approaches to the volcanic ash problem, but also engages with other scientific communities interested in particulate transport.

  • Propagation of Transient Elastic Waves in Stratified Anisotropic Media

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 32
    • J.H.M.T. van der Hijden
    • English
    Seismic waves are one of the standard diagnostic tools used to determine the mechanical parameters (volume density of mass, compressibility, elastic stiffness) in the interior of the earth and the geometry of subsurface structures. There is increasing evidence that in the interpretation of seismic data - especially shear-wave data - the influence of anisotropy must be taken into account.This volume presents a method to compute the seismic waves that are generated by an impulsive source in a stratified anisotropic medium. Although written with the seismic applications in mind, the method that is developed is not limited to solid-earth geophysics. In fact, the methods discussed in this monograph are applicable wherever waves propagate in stratified, anisotropic media. The standard approach to this problem is to employ Fourier transformations with respect to time and with respect to the horizontal spatial coordinates. To obtain numerical results, the relevant inverse transformations then have to be evaluated numerically. In this monograph the problem is, in contrast to the standard approach, solved by applying the Cagniard-de Hoop method and by representing the wave field as a sum of generalized rays. With this method, the computational results can be obtained relatively easily with any degree of accuracy, and with considerably less computation time. For completeness, analysis of acoustic waves in stratified isotropic media is included. Furthermore, for large horizontal or vertical source-receiver separations very efficient approximations are derived. Several examples and applications are given.

  • A Concise Geologic Time Scale

    2016
    • 1st Edition
    • J.G. Ogg + 2 more
    • English
    A Concise Geologic Time Scale: 2016 presents a summary of Earth's history over the past 4.5 billion years, as well as a brief overview of contemporaneous events on the Moon, Mars, and Venus. The authors have been at the forefront of chronostratigraphic research and initiatives to create an international geologic time scale for many years, and the charts in this book present the most up-to-date international standard, as ratified by the International Commission on Stratigraphy and the International Union of Geological Sciences. This book is an essential reference for all geoscientists, including researchers, students, and petroleum and mining professionals. The presentation is non-technical and illustrated with numerous colour charts, maps and photographs.

  • Essentials of Mineral Exploration and Evaluation

    • 1st Edition
    • S. M. Gandhi + 1 more
    • English
    Essentials of Mineral Exploration and Evaluation offers a thorough overview of methods used in mineral exploration campaigns, evaluation, reporting and economic assessment processes. Fully illustrated to cover the state-of-the-art exploration techniques and evaluation of mineral assets being practiced globally, this up-to-date reference offers balanced coverage of the latest knowledge and current global trends in successful mineral exploration and evaluation. From mineral deposits, to remote sensing, to sampling and analysis, Essentials of Mineral Exploration and Evaluation offers an extensive look at this rapidly changing field.

  • Giant Coal-Derived Gas Fields and Their Gas Sources in China

    • 1st Edition
    • Jinxing Dai
    • English
    Giant Coal-Derived Gas Fields and Their Gas Sources in China presents a thorough look at 32 coal-derived gas fields in China. This reference book includes two main parts, the first discussing the geologic characteristics of the tectonic, stratigraphy, source and cap rock assemblage for the accumulation periods. The second part features multiple differential indexes, charts, phase states (gas, liquid, solid), and the methods used to determine the sources of the coal-derived giant gas fields. As the first comprehensive coverage of the methods of gas to source correlation in China, this book will be a classic reference for researchers working in natural gas geology and geochemistry, and teachers working in universities around the world.

  • Practical Engineering Management of Offshore Oil and Gas Platforms

    • 1st Edition
    • Naeim Nouri Samie
    • English
    Practical Engineering Management of Offshore Oil and Gas Platforms delivers the first must-have content to the multiple engineering managers and clients devoted to the design, equipment, and operations of offshore oil and gas platforms. Concepts explaining how to interact with the various task forces, getting through bid proposals, and how to maintain project control are all covered in the necessary training reference. Relevant equipment and rule of thumb techniques to calculate critical features on the design of the platform are also covered, including tank capacities and motor power, along with how to consistently change water, oil, and gas production profiles over the course of a project. The book helps offshore oil and gas operators and engineers gain practical understanding of the multiple disciplines involved in offshore oil and gas projects using experience-based approaches and lessons learned.

  • Geophysical Case Study of the Woodlawn Orebody, N.S.W., Australia

    The First Publication of Methods and Techniques Tested over a Base Metal Orebody of the Type which Yields the Highest Rate of Return on Mining Investment with Modest Capital Requirements
    • 1st Edition
    • R. J. Whiteley
    • English
    The Woodlawn orebody is located in eastern New South Wales, Australia. It is one of an important class of massive, copper-lead-zinc, stratiform volcanogenic mineral deposits and has reserves of about 10 million tonnes of ore. Deposits such as Woodlawn are the object of considerable worldwide exploitation effort because they yield the highest rate of return on mining investment with modest capital requirements. This detailed geophysical case study contains individual contributions by professionals from diverse backgrounds (industry, government and university) and includes the latest geophysical methods. It is the only detailed geophysical study of an economic sulphide deposit ever undertaken for educational purposes

  • Gold Ore Processing

    Project Development and Operations
    • 2nd Edition
    • Volume 15
    • Mike D. Adams
    • English
    Gold Ore Processing: Project Development and Operations, Second Edition, brings together all the technical aspects relevant to modern gold ore processing, offering a practical perspective that is vital to the successful and responsible development, operation, and closure of any gold ore processing operation. This completely updated edition features coverage of established, newly implemented, and emerging technologies; updated case studies; and additional topics, including automated mineralogy and geometallurgy, cyanide code compliance, recovery of gold from e-waste, handling of gaseous emissions, mercury and arsenic, emerging non-cyanide leaching systems, hydro re-mining, water management, solid–liquid separation, and treatment of challenging ores such as double refractory carbonaceous sulfides. Outlining best practices in gold processing from a variety of perspectives, Gold Ore Processing: Project Development and Operations is a must-have reference for anyone working in the gold industry, including metallurgists, geologists, chemists, mining engineers, and many others.

  • Visibility

    The Seeing of Near and Distant Landscape Features
    • 1st Edition
    • William Malm
    • English
    Visibility: The Seeing of Near and Distant Landscape Features reviews the science of visibility from how to measure it quantitatively to its impacts by one of the foremost experts in the field. Carefully designed pedagogy allows a diversity of readers, from regulators to researchers to use this book to further their understanding of the field. Topics covered include the interaction of light with the atmosphere and aerosols, the transfer of light through the atmosphere especially as it relates to non-uniform haze layers, perception questions, including visibility metrics, image processing techniques for purposes of visually displaying effects of haze on scenic landscapes, visibility monitoring techniques, and the history of visibility regulatory development.

  • Geological Controls for Gas Hydrates and Unconventionals

    • 1st Edition
    • Sanjeev Rajput + 1 more
    • English
    Geological Controls for Gas Hydrate Formations and Unconventionals tells the story of unconventional hydrocarbon resources, especially gas hydrates, tight gas, shale gas, liquid- rich shale, and shale oil, to future generations. It presents the most current research in unconventionals, covering structural constituents of continental margins and their role in generating hydrocarbons. Additionally, this book answers basic questions regarding quantifications and characterizations, distributions, modes of occurrence, physical and chemical properties, and more — in essence, all the information that is necessary to improve the models for precision prediction of the enigma of gas hydrates and other unconventionals. Blending geology, geophysics, geomechanics, petrophysics, and reservoir engineering, it explains in simple language the scientific concepts that are necessary to develop geological and reservoir models for unconventionals.Serv... as a focal point for geoscientists and engineers conducting research that focuses on reservoir characteristics of unconventionals, Geological Controls for Gas Hydrate Formations and Unconventionals is a useful resource for a variety of other specialiststies including physicists, geochemists, exploration geologists, and petroleum and reservoir engineers. It details the key factors for successful exploration and development of unconventional reservoirs including discovery, data evaluation, full-field development, production, and abandonment, along with a vivid description ofn the worldwide occurrence of unconventional hydrocarbons.

  • Measurements from Maps

    Principles and Methods of Cartometry
    • 1st Edition
    • D H Maling
    • English
    A classic text and reference work for students, academics and professionals approaching cartometry from a wide range of backgrounds - geography, cartography, forestry and stereology. The author hasd transcended these subject boundaries to produce a definitive and coherent guide to the theory and technique of measuring distance and areas on maps. To increase this book's accessibility, a minimum of mathematical knowledge is assumed.

  • Fundamentals of Applied Reservoir Engineering

    Appraisal, Economics and Optimization
    • 1st Edition
    • Richard Wheaton
    • English
    Fundamentals of Applied Reservoir Engineering introduces early career reservoir engineers and those in other oil and gas disciplines to the fundamentals of reservoir engineering. Given that modern reservoir engineering is largely centered on numerical computer simulation and that reservoir engineers in the industry will likely spend much of their professional career building and running such simulators, the book aims to encourage the use of simulated models in an appropriate way and exercising good engineering judgment to start the process for any field by using all available methods, both modern simulators and simple numerical models, to gain an understanding of the basic 'dynamics' of the reservoir –namely what are the major factors that will determine its performance. With the valuable addition of questions and exercises, including online spreadsheets to utilize day-to-day application and bring together the basics of reservoir engineering, coupled with petroleum economics and appraisal and development optimization, Fundamentals of Applied Reservoir Engineering will be an invaluable reference to the industry professional who wishes to understand how reservoirs fundamentally work and to how a reservoir engineer starts the performance process.

  • Solar Wind Seven

    Proceedings of the 3rd COSPAR Colloquium Held in Goslar, Germany, 16-20 September 1991
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 3
    • E. Marsch
    • English
    The third COSPAR Colloquium entitled Solar Wind Seven was held in Goslar, Germany in September 1991. Twenty-two countries were represented by scientists, many of whom are leading experts in the area of heliospheric physics. The Proceedings reflect current research on solar wind and particularly emphasizes the source regions. The main topics covered encompass Coronal Heating and Solar Wind Acceleration; Large-Scale Structure of the Interplanetary Medium; Minor Ions, Neutrals and Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere; Kinetic Physics, Waves and Turbulence and finally Heliospheric Dynamic Phenomena.

  • Land Use and Town and Country Planning

    Reviews of United Kingdom Statistical Sources
    • 1st Edition
    • J. T. Coppock + 1 more
    • W. F. Maunder
    • English
    Land Use and Town and Country Planning is a 14-chapter text that provides statistical data on human land use and town and country planning, with particular emphasis on the Great Britain land statistics. The opening chapters deal with the concepts of land and land use, measurement, and the adoption of the metric system. The succeeding chapters are devoted to land statistics for agriculture, forestry, recreation, conservation and amenity, and other rural land uses. These topics are followed by discussions of urban land estimates and use, as well as land utilization surveys. The final chapters describe the potential of maps, air photography, and improvements in land-use records. This book will prove useful to workers and researchers in the general field of planning.

  • Applied Climatology

    A Study of Atmospheric Resources
    • 1st Edition
    • John E. Hobbs
    • K. J. Gregory
    • English
    Applied Climatology: A Study of Atmospheric Resources focuses on the management of the atmosphere as a resource. The book first discusses the atmospheric system, including atmospheric circulation and energy in the system. The text then examines the variable atmosphere. Scale variability, climatic change, air pollution, and hazards and extremes are considered. The book also focuses on weather and human behavior. Human biometeorology and climatic determinism; climate and comfort; weather and society; and climate and health are discussed. The text also describes the impacts of extreme events, including tropical cyclones, local storms, cumulative hazards, and climatic change and world food production. The selection also focuses on the effects of weather on daily human activities, including leisure and recreation, construction industry, retailing, utilities, and agriculture. The text then highlights weather forecasting and management of atmospheric resources. Types and methods of forecasting; accuracy and reliability of forecasts; dissemination and application of weather forecasts; weather and climate modification; and role of meteorologists are discussed. The book is a good source of information for readers interested to study the atmosphere as a resource.

  • Rock Fracture and Blasting

    Theory and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Zong-Xian Zhang
    • English
    Rock Fracture and Blasting: Theory and Applications provides the latest on stress waves, shock waves, and rock fracture, all necessary components that must be critically analyzed to maximize results in rock blasting. The positioning of charges and their capacity and sequencing are covered in this book, and must be carefully modeled to minimize impact in the surrounding environment. Through an explanation of these topics, author Professor Zhang’s experience in the field, and his theoretical knowledge, users will find a thorough guide that is not only up-to-date, but complete with a unique perspective on the field.

  • Cloud Computing in Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences

    • 1st Edition
    • Tiffany C Vance + 3 more
    • English
    Cloud Computing in Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences provides the latest information on this relatively new platform for scientific computing, which has great possibilities and challenges, including pricing and deployments costs and applications that are often presented as primarily business oriented. In addition, scientific users may be very familiar with these types of models and applications, but relatively unfamiliar with the intricacies of the hardware platforms they use. The book provides a range of practical examples of cloud applications that are written to be accessible to practitioners, researchers, and students in affiliated fields. By providing general information on the use of the cloud for oceanographic and atmospheric computing, as well as examples of specific applications, this book encourages and educates potential users of the cloud. The chapters provide an introduction to the practical aspects of deploying in the cloud, also providing examples of workflows and techniques that can be reused in new projects.

  • Regolith Exploration Geochemistry in Arctic and Temperate Terrains

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 5
    • Kauranne Kauranne
    • L.K. Kauranne + 2 more
    • English
    Geochemists, geologists, chemists, mathematicians, technicians and amateur prospectors alike will find this a practically oriented and comprehensive handbook for use in the field or office. It describes methodologies for assessing overburden in Arctic and temperate regions. Scientists can study the composition of bedrock by analyzing the overburden and ores found by the separation of the anomalies from the chemical background variation. This task is a very demanding one for previously glaciated terrain, where overburden consists totally of transported and mixed materials. It is possible to trace back the anomalies found in glacial till and sometimes those found in glacifluvial sediments. Special care in sampling and preparation of samples for analysis as well as very sensitive methods of analysis are necessary in obtaining results suitable for successful interpretation. The present handbook is dedicated to these vital problems. The genesis of overburden formations and the character of geochemical anomalies are discussed at length, after which examples are provided from a variety of situations. Articles concerning practical aspects of sampling, analysis and mathematical treatment, written specifically to help investigations are also included. The text is illustrated by 196 drawings, 32 tables and the selected bibliography contains 533 references. A key word list makes the handbook easy to use.

  • Geology of the Himalayan Belt

    Deformation, Metamorphism, Stratigraphy
    • 1st Edition
    • B.K. Chakrabarti
    • English
    Geology of the Himalayan Belt: Deformation, Metamorphism, Stratigraphy presents sophisticated metamorphic and igneous rock data across various Himalayan geographic sectors, capturing their petrography, metamorphism, structure, mineralization, and regional tectonic research. With an east-west extension of about 3000 kilometers and numerous 8000 meter peaks, the Himalayas are the most spectacular mountain ranges on earth. Since the 19th century, they have provided a testing ground of global importance for the development of geodynamic concepts, from isostasy over continental collision, to more recently, feedback mechanisms between tectonics and climate. This book collects the broad range of data that’s been gathered on the Himalayas over the past 50 years, providing a comprehensive analysis and interpretation on the available data that brings the scientific community a better understanding of the geological diversity and structure of the Himalayan belt, along with new techniques that have applications in a host of global geological settings.

  • Stabilized Earth Roads

    • 1st Edition
    • A. Kézdi
    • English
    Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, Volume 19: Stabilized Earth Roads surveys soil stabilization theory and practice. This work is divided into nine chapters that discuss the physical, chemical, and soil mechanics principles of soil stabilization. The first chapter is an introduction to the history, methods, and importance of soil stabilization in road construction. The next chapters deal with the fundamental definitions of soil physics and the interactions of soil components, as well as the concept of mechanical soil stabilization. Considerable chapters examine soil stabilization with several materials, such as cement, lime, bitumen, and tar. The last chapters describe the soil-stabilization methods with various chemicals, including chlorides, phosphoric acid, and natural and synthetic polymers. These chapters also consider the design of stabilized earth roads. This book is of value to geologists and civil engineers.

  • Pile Design and Construction Rules of Thumb

    • 2nd Edition
    • Ruwan Abey Rajapakse
    • English
    Pile Design and Construction Rules of Thumb presents Geotechnical and Civil Engineers a comprehensive coverage of Pile Foundation related theory and practice. Based on the author’s experience as a PE, the book brings concise theory and extensive calculations, examples and case studies that can be easily applied by professional in their day-to-day challenges. In its first part, the book covers the fundamentals of Pile Selection: Soil investigation, condition, pile types and how to choose them. In the second part it addresses the Design of Pile Foundations, including different types of soils, pile groups, pile settlement and pile design in rock. Next, the most extensive part covers Design Strategies and contains chapters on loading analysis, load distribution, negative skin friction, design for expansive soils, wave equation analysis, batter piles, seismic analysis and the use of softwares for design aid. The fourth part covers Construction Methods including hammers, Inspection, cost estimation, load tests, offshore piling, beams and caps. In this new and updated edition the author has incorporated new pile designs such as helical, composite, wind turbine monopiles, and spiral coil energy piles. All calculations have been updated to most current materials characteristics and designs available in the market. Also, new chapters on negative skin friction, pile driving, and pile load testing have been added. Practicing Geotechnical, and Civil Engineers will find in this book an excellent handbook for frequent consult, benefiting from the clear and direct calculations, examples, and cases. Civil Engineering preparing for PE exams may benefit from the extensive coverage of the subject.

  • Precambrian Geology

    The Dynamic Evolution of the Continental Crust
    • 1st Edition
    • Alan M. Goodwin
    • English
    The main goal of this book is to provide a modern comprehensive statement on the Earth's Precambrian crust. It uses geographic and tectonic location, lithostratigraphy, geochronology, and petrogenesis as a basis for considering Precambrian coastal evolution--including the role of plate tectonics. Detailed consideration is given to the endogenic and exogenic processes which formed the continental crust and also to its subsequent secular evolution across Precambrian time**An essential reference volume for every Precambrian geologist.

  • Thesaurus of Rock and Soil Mechanics Terms

    • 1st Edition
    • J P Jenkins + 1 more
    • English
    Thesaurus of Rock and Soil Mechanics Terms is a book of synonym, including terms used in geology, mining, hydrology, engineering, and similar fields. The terms are organized alphabetically with preferred terms in bold and non-preferred terms in italic. This text also provides non-trivial relationship to other preferred terms for each preferred terms. This book will be of great use to professionals or researchers such as geologists, miners, and engineers whose line of work involves the identification and classification of earthen materials.

  • Dynamics of the Earth's Evolution

    • 1st Edition
    • Roman Teisseyre + 2 more
    • English
    This sixth volume in the monograph series Physics and Evolution of the Earth's Interior presents the problems of the mature evolution of the Earth's interior. It provides comprehensive coverage of the present state of the mantle convection theory. The relations between paleomagnetism, plate tectonics and mantle convection theory are discussed. A more general view of the evolution based on the thermodynamics of irreversible processes is also given. This book will interest geophysicists, geologists, geodesists and planetologists.

  • Core Analysis

    A Best Practice Guide
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 64
    • Colin McPhee + 2 more
    • English
    Core Analysis: A Best Practice Guide is a practical guide to the design of core analysis programs. Written to address the need for an updated set of recommended practices covering special core analysis and geomechanics tests, the book also provides unique insights into data quality control diagnosis and data utilization in reservoir models. The book's best practices and procedures benefit petrophysicists, geoscientists, reservoir engineers, and production engineers, who will find useful information on core data in reservoir static and dynamic models. It provides a solid understanding of the core analysis procedures and methods used by commercial laboratories, the details of lab data reporting required to create quality control tests, and the diagnostic plots and protocols that can be used to identify suspect or erroneous data.

  • Environmental and Health Issues in Unconventional Oil and Gas Development

    • 1st Edition
    • Debra A Kaden + 1 more
    • English
    Environmental and Health Issues in Unconventional Oil and Gas Development offers a series of authoritative perspectives from varied viewpoints on key issues relevant in the use of directional drilling and hydraulic fracturing, providing a timely presentation of requisite information on the implications of these technologies for those connected to unconventional oil and shale gas development. Utilizing expertise from a range of contributors in academia, non-governmental organizations, and the oil and gas industry, Environmental and Health Issues in Unconventional Oil and Gas Development is an essential resource for academics and professionals in the oil and gas, environmental, and health and safety industries as well as for policy makers.

  • Principles of Zoological Micropalaeontology

    International Series of Monographs on Earth Sciences, Vol. 1
    • 1st Edition
    • Vladimir Pokorný
    • John W. Neale
    • English
    Earth Sciences, Volume X: Principles of Zoological Micropalaeontology highlights the morphological, phylogenetic and ecological analysis of microfossils. This book is composed of 10 chapters that survey the most important microfossil taxa, their variety of form, evolution, relationships, and distribution. The opening chapter provides an introduction to the historical development of micropalaeontology. The succeeding chapters present the procedures for the collection, preparation, and microstratigraphic analysis of microfossils. The remaining chapters discuss the morphological, ecological, and phylogenetic properties of Radiolaria, Thekamoebae, Foraminifera, Tintinnina, Incertae sedis, Chitinozoa, and Hystrichosphere microfossils. This book is intended as a textbook and as a manual for practicing micropalaeontologist...

  • Geodynamics of Rifting

    • 1st Edition
    • P.A. Ziegler
    • English
    This volume contains papers giving an interdisciplinary review of 12 major rift systems from North and South America, Africa, Europe and Asia. These papers are written by an international group of academic and industrial specialists each of whom is most knowledgeable about the respective rift. The analyzed rifts were selected on the basis of availability of an as-complete-as-possi... geological and geophysical data base. Thirteen papers deal with geodynamic processes governing the evolution of rifts.A comprehensive digest of the available stratigraphic, structural, geophysical and petrological data, together with an extensive list of references, is provided for each of the analyzed rift systems. The megatectonic setting and dynamics of evolution of each basin is discussed. Geodynamic models are tested against the record of the analyzed rifts.The question of "active" as against "passive" rifting is addressed. The rifts analyzed range in age from Precambrian to Recent and cover a wide spectrum of megatectonic settings. There is discussion of the evolution of rifts in a plate-tectonic frame. The case histories are followed by discussions addressing the global setting of rifts and geodynamic processes active during the development of rifted basins.

  • Advances in Organic Geochemistry

    Proceedings of the Third International Congress
    • 1st Edition
    • G. D. Hobson + 1 more
    • English
    Advances in Organic Geochemistry is a collection of proceedings presented at the Third International Congress on Organic Geochemistry held in London on September 26-28, 1966. The papers explore advances in organic geochemistry and cover a wide range of topics, from carbon isotope variations in marine sediments to hydrogen isotopic fractionation of water passing through trees. Correlation problems among crude oils and the origin of trace metal enrichment in bituminous shales are also discussed. Comprised of 34 chapters, this volume begins by presenting the results of a carbon isotope study on methane from German coal deposits, followed by an analysis of the significance of carbon isotope variations in marine sediments. Subsequent chapters deal with the geochemical aspects of the occurrence of porphyrins in mineral oils and rocks in West Venezuela; pentacyclic triterpanes from petroleum; geochemical prospecting for petroleum; and the geochemical significance of pore fluid in shales. The nitrogenous constituents of deep-sea sediments are also considered, along with transformations of normal fatty acids in sediments and thermal alteration of organic matter in sediments. This book will be of interest to organic chemists and geochemists.

  • Institute of Applied Geology

    Proceedings of a Symposium Convened
    • 1st Edition
    • Ahmad M. S. Al-Shanti
    • English
    Evolution and Mineralization of the Arabian–Nubian Shield, Volume 3 presents the exploration for mineral resources in the Precambrian basement terrain underlying large areas of the Middle East. This book discusses the geological investigations of the tectonic evolution, structure, and metallogenesis of the Arabian–Nubian Shield. Organized into three parts encompassing 13 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the chronologic scheme for the evolution of the southern part of the Arabian Shied and provides evidence of its genesis at a convergent plate margin between blocks of oceanic lithosphere. This text then examines the granitic crust with associated calc-alkaline volcanics of Pan-African age. Other chapters consider the isotopic ages for the rocks of the Egyptian basement complex. This book discusses as well the distribution, form, and variety of intrusive activity in the Jiddah–Rabigh–Wadi Al-Quaha area. The final chapter deals with the properties of igneous rocks from Jordan. This book is a valuable resource for geologists.

  • The Geological Evolution of the British Isles

    • 1st Edition
    • T. R. Owen
    • English
    Outlines the geological history and evolution of the British Isles and its surrounding sea areas. New information concerning Britain's evolution has emerged from the recent exploration of the seas around Britain in the search for oil and gas and much of this new information has been incorporated. The book will serve university and college students, sixth-form pupils in geology and will also be valuable to students in the allied disciplines such as geography, oceanography, and civil engineering

  • Principles of Zoological Micropalaeontology

    International Series of Monographs on Earth Sciences
    • 1st Edition
    • John W. Neale
    • English
    Principles of Zoological Micropalaeontology, Volume II focuses on the study of microfossils. The book first discusses the nature and characteristics of sponges, including the morphology and main groups of sponge spicules, modifications of the shape of sponge spicules, and arrangement of skeletal elements. The text also looks at octocorals and scolecodonts. The taxonomic relationships of the melanoscleritoids; anatomy of the anterior part of the digestive system tract of polychaeta; and classification of scolecodonts are described. The selection also touches on conodonts. Topics include morphology; phylogeny of lamellar conodonts; and geological distribution of conodonts and their value in correlation. The text also examines ostracoda and echinodermata, including reproduction, sexual dimorphism, ecology of ostracods, and skeletal elements of crinoidea, echinoidea, and holothuroidea. The book also discusses otoliths. Topics include nomenclature and morphology of otoliths; geological distribution and value of otoliths, and history of research. The text is a good source of information for readers interested in fossils.

  • Strain Patterns in Rocks

    A Selection of Papers Presented at the International Workshop, Rennes, 13-14 May 1982
    • 1st Edition
    • P. R. Cobbold + 1 more
    • English
    Strain Patterns in Rocks is a selection of papers presented at the international workshop, held in Rennes on May 13-14, 1982. The book presents papers on the techniques of strain measurement; an orthographic analysis of deformation; and the applications of the Mohr circle to inhomogeneous deformation. The text also includes papers on the methods of strain removal; a general transformation to simulate heterogeneous strain states; the significance of isotropic points; and the detection of volume changes. Papers on the analyses of strain discontinuity at interfaces; strain refraction through contrasting layers; and strain patterns in ductile shear zones and at the tips to shear and thrust zones are also considered. The book further includes papers on the natural strain patterns: in mylonite zones, in granites, in Alpine nappes, in linearly anisotropic rocks, in an ice cap and in a boudin model.

  • Regolith Exploration Geochemistry in Tropical and Subtropical Terrains

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 4
    • C.R.M. Butt + 1 more
    • English
    The use of exploration geochemistry has increased enormously in the last decade. The present volume specifically addresses those geochemical exploration practices appropriate for tropical, sub-tropical and adjacent areas – in environments ranging from rainforest to desert. Practical recommendations are made for the optimization of sampling, and analytical and interpretational procedures for exploration according to the particular nature of tropically weathered terrains. The underlying theme is the recognition that regions between 35°N and 35°S in particular have a common history of deep chemical weathering and lateritization during the late Mesozoic and early Tertiary. This has had a profound and lasting effect, so that the surface geochemical expressions of mineralization throughout these regions have many similar features, with local modification due to more recent weathering under changed climates.The volume discusses the data derived from numerous research and case studies in terms of exploration and dispersion models based on the weathering and geomorphological history. The models permit valid comparisons between equivalent terrains that may be geographically widely separated and situated in quite different climatic environments. The basis of the volume is to view geochemical dispersion within the context of a genetic understanding of the evolution of landforms and the regolith (i.e. landscape geochemistry) and to develop exploration procedures based on this understanding.This book should be of interest to exploration geochemists, economic geologists, soil scientists, geomorphologists and environmental geochemists.

  • Origin and Distribution of the Elements

    International Series of Monographs in Earth Sciences
    • 1st Edition
    • L. H. Ahrens
    • English
    Origin and Distribution of the Elements, Volume 30 presents detailed studies of trace elements and isotopes and the use of these data with the techniques of physical and organic chemistry to make relevant interpretations in geology. This book discusses some of the problems of applied chemistry. Organized into five sections encompassing 89 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the theories of nucleosynthesis that are based on broad empirical foundations involving experiment in nuclear physics and observation in geophysics and astronomy. This text then explores the primeval abundance of the elements wherein the composition of the material from which the Galaxy is formed. Other chapters consider the production of helium in the galaxy. This book discusses as well the dynamics of the cores of highly evolved massive stars. The final chapter deals with the measurements of site populations in crystal structures by electron diffraction and X-ray. Physicists, astronomers, geologists, and geochemists will find this book extremely useful.

  • The First British-Soviet Geographical Seminar

    • 1st Edition
    • F. E. Ian Hamilton
    • English
    The First British-Soviet Geographical Seminar contains the scientific reports prepared by the participants of First British-Soviet Geographical Seminar held in Great Britain on May 9-20, 1978. The seminar focuses on tendencies in the development of contemporary trends and methods of scientific geographical studies in Soviet Union and Great Britain. Organized into 16 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the contemporary British geography and modern Soviet geography. Subsequent chapters explore the use of minicomputers in geography teaching; expanded model of curriculum development and diffusion in education; postgraduate research students in British universities; research and application in British geomorphology; and the Soviet physical and biological geography. Other chapters detail landscape protection and development control; aims and implementation in British urban and regional planning; main methods of systems analysis relevant to urban and regional modeling; problems of the inner city; and the statistical and cartographic methods of analyzing spatial patterns of mortality. The geography of mineral supply; socio-economic geography in the U.S.S.R.; and the possibilities for future British-Soviet co-operation in geography are also addressed.

  • Rock Dynamics and Geophysical Exploration

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 8
    • L.N. Persen
    • English
    Rock Dynamics and Geophysical Exploration: Introduction to Stress Waves in Rocks deals with a theoretical tool for predicting stress waves in rocks. The book considers both elastic and Kelvin type materials, and also explains some experiments of stress waves in rocks. The book reviews concepts in the analysis of stresses and deformations, the fundamental equations used to examine the propagation of stress waves in certain types of solids, and the characteristics features of plane waves in elastic mediums. The text explains wave propagation in rocks due to a detonating charge (resulting in stress waves with a spherical symmetry), the response of a cylinder to an outside excitation (resulting in a cylindrical wave), or a harmonically oscillating stress from an outside excitation (resulting in a harmonic input pulse). The text explains Kelvin materials as a generalization of the behavior of the material where a damping effect is incorporated with the elastic medium being studied. The book also compares experimental results of the application of stress waves in rocks with theory, and explains the sensitivity criteria for tunnels. The text cites as an example, the significance of the interaction between tunnels and shock waves before any tunnel expansion can be made by engineers. The book will prove valuable for geologists or for structural, civil, and mining engineers.

  • Newnes Short Wave Listening Handbook

    • 1st Edition
    • Joe Pritchard
    • English
    Newnes Short Wave Listening Handbook is a guide for starting up in short wave listening (SWL). The book is comprised of 15 chapters that discuss the basics and fundamental concepts of short wave radio listening. The coverage of the text includes electrical principles; types of signals that can be heard in the radio spectrum; and using computers in SWL. The book also covers SWL equipment, such as receivers, converters, and circuits. The text will be of great use to individuals who want to get into short wave listening.

  • Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1964

    Proceedings of the International Meeting in Rueil-Malmaison, 1964
    • 1st Edition
    • G. D. Hobson + 1 more
    • English
    Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1964 contains papers presented at the Second International Congress on Organic Geochemistry at Rueil-Malmaison, France on September 28-30, 1964. This collection discusses developments made in the field of organic-chemistry and the incorporation of organic matter with clay minerals. To understand the process involved in such association of materials, the text explains the overall reaction between the clay particles and all the organic and inorganic substances in the test solution. The study gives the trace element assemblages found in the Mansfield Marine Band as an example. Another study discusses the occurrence of isoprenoid alkanes in a Precambrian sediment where alkanes and porphyrin pigments, which remain stable for a long time in many geological conditions, can act as biological markers. The paper notes the Marker Bed of the Precambrian Nonesuch Shale Formation in Michigan. The book also presents more research such as those involving the Black Shales of the South-east Sicilian Triassic Basin and the Cretaceous Black Shales of the Cyrenaica Basin. The text then explains the use of electron spin resonance in studying concentrations of free radicals where the results of different measurements made on a Colorado coal are shown on a table. One paper addresses a study of the relative abundance of stable carbon isotopes as pointers to the evolution and genesis of petroleum. This collection will prove valuable for analytical and organic chemists, chemical engineers, geologists, and students of organic chemistry or geology.

  • Clays and Clay Minerals

    Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals
    • 1st Edition
    • Ada Swineford
    • English
    Clays and Clay Minerals, Volume 5 contains the proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals held in Washington, D.C., on October 20-23, 1958. The papers explore developments in clays and clay mineralogy and cover topics such as differential settling tendencies of clay minerals in saline waters; effect of seawater on clay minerals; clay mineralogy of bottom sediments; relationships in the montmorillonite group of clay minerals; and water content of vermiculite. Advances in X-ray diftractometry of clay minerals are also discussed. This book is comprised of 23 chapters and begins with an analysis of differential settling velocities of individual clay mineral types and clay mineral mixtures in quiet saline water. The reader is then introduced to rapid dissolution of allophane and kaolinite-halloysite after dehydration; formation of chlorite-like structures from montmorillonite; regional clay mineral patterns in the Gulf of Mexico; and quantitative X-ray determinations of some aluminous clay minerals in rocks. The geology of clay deposits in parts of Washington and Idaho is also examined, along with the influence of exchangeable cations on the viscosity of clay suspensions. The final chapter presents the results of X-ray analysis of soil colloids by a modified salted paste method. This volume will be of value to earth scientists, mineralogists, and those interested in clays.

  • Global Physical Climatology

    • 2nd Edition
    • Dennis L. Hartmann
    • English
    Global Physical Climatology, Second Edition, provides an introduction to the science of climate and climate change that spans the atmosphere, ocean, and land surface, and the interactions among them. It begins with a basic introduction to the climate system, and then introduces the physics of the climate system, including the principles and processes that determine the structure and climate of the atmosphere, ocean, and land surface. More advanced topics apply the basic knowledge introduced to understanding natural variability of the climate in both the present and past, the sensitivity of climate to external forcing, explanations for the ice ages, and the science of human-induced climate change. The physical principles and computer models necessary for understanding past climate and predicting future climate are also discussed. This book is recommended for upper division undergraduates and graduates in meteorology, atmospheric science, oceanography, and other environmental fields. It is also suitable for students with a background of at least one year of college physics and calculus as well as researchers in academia, government (military, NOAA, NWS), and policymakers.

  • Physical Properties of Rocks

    Fundamentals and Principles of Petrophysics
    • 2nd Edition
    • Volume 65
    • Juergen H. Schön
    • English
    The interpretation of geophysical data in exploration geophysics, well logging, engineering, mining and environmental geophysics requires knowledge of the physical properties of rocks and their correlations. Physical properties are a "key" for combined interpretation techniques. The study of rock physics provides an interdisciplinary treatment of physical properties, whether related to geophysical, geotechnical, hydrological or geological methodology. Physical Properties of Rocks, 2nd Edition, describes the physical fundamentals of rock properties, based on typical experimental results and relevant theories and models. It provides readers with all relevant rock properties and their interrelationships in one concise volume. Furthermore, it guides the reader through experimental and theoretical knowledge in order to handle models and theories in practice. Throughout the book the author focuses on the problems of applied geophysics with respect to exploration and the expanding field of applications in engineering and mining geophysics, geotechnics, hydrology and environmental problems, and the properties under the conditions of the upper Earth crust.

  • Earth as an Evolving Planetary System

    • 3rd Edition
    • Kent C. Condie
    • English
    Earth as an Evolving Planetary System, Third Edition, examines the various subsystems that play a role in the evolution of the Earth, including subsystems in the crust, mantle, core, atmosphere, oceans, and life. This third edition includes 30% new material and, for the first time, includes full color images in both the print and electronic versions. Topics in the great events chapters are now included in the beginning of the book, with the addition of a new feature of breakout boxes for each event. The second half of the book now focuses on a better understanding of Earth's history by looking at the interactions of the subsystems over time. The Earth’s atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere, crustal and mantle evolution, the supercontinent cycle, great events in Earth history, and the Earth in comparison to other planets are also covered.

  • Fluvial-Tidal Sedimentology

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 68
    • English
    Fluvial-Tidal Sedimentology provides information on the ‘Tidal-Fluvial Transition', the transition zone between river and tidal environments, and includes contributions that address some of the most fundamental research questions, including how the morphology of the tidal-fluvial transition zone evolves over short (days) and long (decadal) time periods and for different tidal and fluvial regimes, the structure of the river flow as it varies in its magnitude over tidal currents and how this changes at the mixing interface between fresh and saline water and at the turbidity maximum, the role of suspended sediment in controlling bathymetric change and bar growth and the role of fine-grained sediment (muds and flocs), whether it is possible to differentiate between ‘fluvial’ and ‘tidally’ influenced bedforms as preserved in bars and within the adjacent floodplain and what are the diagnostic sedimentary facies of tidal-fluvial deposits and how are these different from ‘pure’ fluvial and tidal deposits, amongst other topics. The book presents the latest research on the processes and deposits of the tidal-fluvial transition, documenting recent major field programs that have quantified the flow, sediment transport, and bed morphology in tidal-fluvial zones. It uses description of contemporary environments and ancient outcrop analogues to characterize the facies change through the tidal-fluvial transition.

  • The Metallogeny of Lode Gold Deposits

    A Syngenetic Perspective
    • 1st Edition
    • Ulrich Kretschmar + 1 more
    • English
    The Metallogeny of Lode Gold Deposits: A Syngenetic Perspective is a synthesis of lode gold vein forming processes, addressing the commonality in similar worldwide deposits. The book’s empirical model incorporates widely known and accepted principles of ore deposition and shows how it applies in the volcanic-sedimentary greenstone belt environment. Several chapters detail outcrop maps and photos of field occurrences and textures. The interpretations flow directly from the authors’ field work, and are coupled with analyses of underlying physical processes. Utilizing detailed geological mapping, field work, and chemical analyses as the basis of a syngenetic formation mode, the text arms readers with the tools necessary to accurately analyze and interpret new data on the subject. This includes information on decoding the significance of asymmetry in vein formation, as well as the role of lamprophyres in gold camps, how Archean geology requires integration into a lode vein formation model, and how to develop an understanding of the worldwide applicability of gold cycles to lode vein formation and exploration and how it can be applied to deposits of all ages.

  • Air Pollution V1

    Air Pollutants, Their Transformation and Transport
    • 3rd Edition
    • Arthur C. Stern
    • English

  • Geotechnical Engineering Calculations and Rules of Thumb

    • 2nd Edition
    • Ruwan Abey Rajapakse
    • English
    Geotechnical Engineering Calculations and Rules of Thumb, Second Edition, offers geotechnical, civil and structural engineers a concise, easy-to-understand approach to selecting the right formula and solving even most difficult calculations in geotechnical engineering. A "quick look up guide", this book places formulas and calculations at the reader’s finger tips. In this book, theories are explained in a "nutshell" and then the calculation is presented and solved in an illustrated, step-by-step fashion.In its first part, the book covers the fundamentals of Geotechnical Engineering: Soil investigation, condition and theoretical concepts. In the second part it addresses Shallow Foundations, including bearing capacity, elastic settlement, foundation reinforcement, grillage design, footings, geogrids, tie and grade beams, and drainage. This session ends with a chapter on selecting foundation types. The next part covers Earth Retaining Structures and contains chapters on its basic concepts and types, gabion walls and reinforced earth walls. The following part covers Geotechnical Engineering Strategies providing coverage of softwares, instrumentation, excavations, raft design, rock mechanics, dip angle and strike, rock stabilization equipment, soil anchors, tunnel design, seismology, geosynthetics, and slurry cutoff walls. The final part is on Pile Foundations including content on design on sandy soils, clay soils, pin piles, negative skin friction, caissons and pile clusters.In this new and updated edition the author has incorporated new software calculation tools, current techniques for foundation design, liquefaction information, seismic studies, laboratory soil tests, geophysical techniques, new concepts for foundation design and Dam designs. All calculations have been updated to most current material characteristics available in the market.Practicing Geotechnical, Civil and Structural Engineers may find in this book an excellent companion to their day-to day work, benefiting from the clear and direct calculations, examples, and cases. Civil Engineering students may find particular interest in the concise theory presented in the beginning of each chapter.

  • A Comprehensive Database of Tests on Axially Loaded Piles Driven in Sand

    • 1st Edition
    • Zhongxuan Yang + 3 more
    • English
    A Comprehensive Database of Tests on Axially Loaded Driven Piles in Sands reviews the critical need to develop better load-test databases for piles driven in sands. The key quality parameters, population of current entries and reporting formats are described before offering preliminary results obtained from comparisons between axial capacities calculated by various predictive approaches and site measurements. This book also shows that the "simplified" and "offshore" ICP and UWA variants proposed by some practitioners are over-conservative and that their use could be discontinued. The new pile capacity and stiffness database offers a broad scope for evaluating potential prediction biases relating to a wide range of soil and pile parameters. Submission of further high quality tests for inclusion in regularly updated versions is encouraged.

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