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Elsevier

Books in Arts and humanities

Elsevier's Arts and Humanities titles encompass a rich spectrum of scholarship that explores human culture, history, philosophy, and creative expression. These works offer deep insights into language, literature, visual arts, and critical theory, supporting the academic community in understanding diverse perspectives and cultural legacies. Designed for scholars, educators, and students, this collection bridges classic studies with contemporary issues, fostering a deeper appreciation and knowledge of the human experience.

  • Communication and Affect

    Language and Thought
    • 1st Edition
    • Patricia Pliner + 2 more
    • English
    Communication and Affect: Language and Thought is a collection of papers presented at the second symposium on Communication and Affect held at Erindale College, University of Toronto, in March 1972. This volume contains a series of papers dealing with neobehavioristic approach to language and thought. The individual papers represent a broad spectrum of topics that are linked by their common neobehavioristic methodology and by their subject matter dealing with human verbal and symbolic behavior. Topics discussed in the compendium include the linguistic concept of marked and unmarked attributes and its relation to cognitive structure and affect; a comparison of the pictorial and verbal modes of representing information; the evolution of human cognition; empirical and theoretical approaches to the question of localization of language functions in the human brain; and the nature of implicit communications in experimental situations. Psychologists, behavioral scientists, linguists, and researchers in the field of human communication will find the book invaluable.

  • Economics

    Private and Public Choice
    • 2nd Edition
    • James D Gwartney + 1 more
    • English
    Economics: Private and Public Choice, Second Edition deals with modern Keynesian theory, monetarist theory, collective decision-making, and the traditional demand-side of macroeconomics. The book explains economic principles, such as taxation, government expenditure, public choice theory, rate of employment, aggregate supply, fiscal policy, low productivity, inflation, and adaptive expectation hypothesis. The text also covers microeconomics, particularly, capital interest, profits, energy market, and the indifference curve analysis. The book discusses inequality, income mobility, and the battle against poverty where a market system can encourage the careful use of resources, high productivity, and freedom of choice for individuals to bear the costs and reap the benefits. The text points out that income redistribution can result in some conflicts. As an example, the book analyzes income inequality in the United Sates, income inequality in other countries, as well as its causes. The book also describes the characteristics of less developed countries as having low per capita income, dominance of agriculture-househol... sector, rapid population growth, income that is more unequally distributed, including inadequate health care and education. The book is suitable for economists, sociologists, and policy makers involved in national economic development.

  • Stimulating Creativity

    Individual Procedures
    • 1st Edition
    • Morris I. Stein
    • English
    Stimulating Creativity: Volume 1, Individual Procedures discusses the psychological and social factors affecting creativity, including techniques applicable in technological and consumer-related product areas. Creativity is a process consisting of three overlapping stages—hypothesis formation, hypothesis testing, and the communication of results. The book reviews past criteria of creativity, and then suggests techniques, based on social and psychological differentiating characteristics of creativity, that can stimulate creativity. The text also considers some procedures which the individual can use to stimulate creativity, or overcome blocks that stop creativity. The book explains in detail individual procedures, group procedures, as well the techniques appropriate in each stage of the creative process. The text notes that the creative process occurs in a social context, primarily manifested during the communication stage. The book considers the following group procedures for stimulating creativity, namely, brainstorming, creative problem-solving, synectics, and a personality-insight approach. Examples of programs employed in different companies or organization can free an individual from difficulties and problems, make him more receptive to other programs, or he can use these programs as basis to develop newer programs. The book can prove insightful for psychiatrists, psychologists, behavioral scientists, child educators, students or professors in psychology, for parents of young children or adolescents, and also for general readers interested in self-improvement.

  • Social Learning and Cognition

    • 1st Edition
    • Ted L. Rosenthal + 1 more
    • English
    Social Learning and Cognition examines the cognitive mechanisms of social learning and the social learning determinants of cognitive competencies. The explanatory principles of social learning are applied to the highest manifestations of human intellect: judgment, language, and thought. The book also explicates a social learning perspective on the social origins of complex abilities, and how these progressively evolve as children grow older. Comprised of four chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the interrelationships among cognition, behavior change, and social learning. Cognitive explanations for human behavior, and the kinds of evidence cited by cognitive theorists in support of their position, are considered, along with the major psychological theories that address abstract, rule-governed activities. The second chapter deals with children's acquisition and refinement of language, paying particular attention to the objections and misunderstandings raised by psycholinguists to counter modeling explanations of language learning. The third chapter examines relational judgments and categorical decisions and presents evidence showing that diverse modeling procedures can be powerful influences on language and verbal behavior. The final chapter summarizes and integrates research bearing upon the effect of modeling influences on a wide diversity of conceptual activities, ranging from the formation of simple concepts to elaborate intellectual demands that involve complex styles of reasoning and strategies for seeking and organizing information. This monograph is intended for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and professionals from such diverse fields as child development, social psychology, psychiatry, social work, clinical psychology, education, and rehabilitation.

  • Symbolic Play

    The Development of Social Understanding
    • 1st Edition
    • Inge Bretherton
    • English
    Symbolic Play: The Development of Social Understanding describes the development of symbolic play from infancy through the preschool years. This text is divided into 12 chapters that focus on make-believe as an activity within which young children spontaneously represent and practice their understanding of the social world. The first chapter introduces the development of event schemata produced in symbolic play, about children's management of the playframe, and about the development of subjunctive, or "what if" thought. The next chapters are devoted to the development of joint pretending, specifically the use if shared scripts in the organization of make-believe play and the subtleties of metacommunication. These chapters also emphasize the supporting role of the mother in early collaborative make-believe. These topics are followed by discussions of the child's growing ability to represent the internal states of the inanimate figures whose doing can vicariously enacts. The remaining chapters focus on social interaction through symbolic play with dolls, toy animals, object props, and language. This book will prove useful to psychologists and researchers in the fields of human development, society, and family.

  • Studies in Neurolinguistics

    • 1st Edition
    • Haiganoosh Whitaker + 1 more
    • English
    Studies in Neurolinguistics, Volume 2 provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of neurolinguistics, which represent a synthesis of the brain sciences, the behavioral sciences, and the clinical sciences. This book discusses the interesting problems of neurolinguistics. Organized into eight chapters, this volume begins with an overview of neurolinguistic analysis of a rare form of language impairment identified as mixed transcortical aphasia. This text then explains spoken language, reading ability, and writing ability in terms of both psychological and linguistic measures. Other chapters consider a theoretical discussion with supporting evidence which concludes that there is a common relationship between sequential movements of the upper limbs and verbal expression. This book discusses as well the linguistic properties of the right hemisphere and the nonlinguistic properties of the left hemisphere. The final chapter deals with analyzing evidence on cerebral localization and the linguistic features of the alexias. This book is a valuable resource for clinical neurologists, psychologists, and speech pathologists.

  • Norms of Word Association

    • 1st Edition
    • Leo Postman + 1 more
    • English
    Norms of Word Association contains a heterogeneous collection of word association norms. This book brings together nine sets of association norms that were collected independently at different times during a 15-year period. Each chapter is a self-contained unit. The order in which the norms are presented is arbitrary, although an attempt is made to group together norms that seem to belong together. The 1952 Minnesota norms are presented first, due to "age" and in recognition of the fact that a number of the norms that follow are direct outgrowths of this work. The next three norms in this collection are responses to the Russell-Jenkins stimuli obtained from subjects representing different linguistic communities. A summary of association norms collected from British and Australian subjects are reported along with association norms from German and French college students and French workmen. Four sets of norms that are not directly related to the 1952 Minnesota collection are included. The text will be of interest to historians and researchers in the field of verbal learning and verbal behavior.

  • The Unity of the Senses

    Interrelations Among the Modalities
    • 1st Edition
    • Lawrence E. Marks
    • Edward C. Carterette + 1 more
    • English
    Academic Press Series in Cognition and Perception: The Unity of the Senses: Interrelations Among the Modalities focuses on the perceptual processes, approaches, and methodologies involved in studies on the unity of the senses. The publication first elaborates on the doctrines of equivalent information, analogous sensory attributes and qualities, and common psychophysical properties. Discussions focus on discrimination, sensitivity, sound symbolism, intensity, brightness, and cross-modal perception of size, form, and space. The text then examines the doctrine of neural correspondences and sound symbolism in poetry, including sound and meaning, analogue and formal representation, vowel symbolism in poetry, coding perceptual information, coding sensory attributes, and evolution and development. The manuscript takes a look at synesthetic metaphor in poetry, as well as unity of the senses and synesthetic metaphor, warm and cool colors, synesthetic metaphors of odor and music, metaphorical imperative, and the music of Conrad Aiken. The publication is a valuable source of data for researchers interested in the unity of the senses.

  • Communication and Affect

    A Comparative Approach
    • 1st Edition
    • Thomas Alloway + 2 more
    • English
    Communication and Affect: A Comparative Approach examines the communication of affective or emotional feelings from a broad phylogenetic and ontogenetic perspective. The book presents basic research findings and theoretical orientations with regards to affective responses and communication involving humans, machines, chimpanzees, monkeys, dogs, and rodents. Comprised of seven chapters, this volume begins with a discussion on the development of love in primates throughout its entire sequential course, from the mother-infant stage of pious, proper propinquity to the adult stage of seasoned, salacious, seductive success. In all the stages of love, much of the essential social information is supplied by unlearned communications which are rapidly overlaid by a veneer of learning. Subsequent chapters explore attachment and dependence; signs of language in children and chimpanzees; affective aspects of aesthetic communication; the communication of affect and the possibility of human-machine interaction as a dyad; and development of affect in dogs and rodents. This book should be of use to psychologists, linguists, and educators interested in the evolution and development of communication and affect in mammals.

  • Adolescent Socialization in Cross-Cultural Perspective

    Planning for Social Change
    • 1st Edition
    • Irving Tallman + 2 more
    • Peter H. Rossi
    • English
    Adolescent Socialization in Cross-Cultural Perspective: Planning for Social Change presents a theory of socialization and explains how the theory was formed, developed, and changed. This book describes a cross-sectional research project that uses innovative research methods for comparing people from vastly different cultures. Organized into seven chapters, this book begins with an overview of the premise that the better one learns how to solve problems in one's environment, the better one is able to cope with a rapidly changing society as one grows older. This text then proposes that the family provide an initial arena within which the needs of the individual and the rudiments of the social structure are confronted. Other chapters consider the approach to solving the methodological problems posed by attempting to test the theory by means of a cross-national study. The final chapter deals with the results of the cross-national study. This book is a valuable resource for sociologists.

  • The Perception of Pictures

    Dürer's Devices: Beyond the Projective Model of Pictures
    • 1st Edition
    • Margaret A. Hagen
    • English
    Durer's Devices: Beyond the Projective Model of Pictures is a collection of papers that discusses the nature of picture making and perception. One paper presents a perceptual theory of pictorial representation in which cultural and historical options in styles of depiction that appear to be different are actually closely related perceptually. Another paper discusses pictorial functions and perceptual structures including pictorial representation, perceptual theory, flat canvass, and the deep world. One paper suggests that perception can be more a matter of information "make up" than "pick up." Light becomes somewhat informative and the eye, correspondingly, becomes less or more presumptive. Another paper notes that human vision is transformed by our modes of representation, that image formation can be essentially incomplete, false, or misleading (primarily as regards dramatic performance and pictorial representation). One paper makes three claims that: (1) the blind have untapped depiction abilities; (2) haptics, involving the sense of touch, have an intuitive sense of perspective; and (3) depiction is perceptual based on graphic elements and pictorial configurations. The collection is suitable for psychologists, physiologists, psychophysicists, and researchers in human perception or phenomenology.

  • Historical and Philosophical Roots of Perception

    • 1st Edition
    • Edward C. Carterette + 1 more
    • English
    Handbook of Perception, Volume I: Historical and Philosophical Roots of Perception aims to bring together essential aspects of the very large, diverse, and widely scattered literature on human perception and to give a précis of the state of knowledge in every area of perception. This volume deals with the fundamentals of perceptual systems. The book begins with some philosophical problems of perception, of sense experience, of epistemology, and some questions on the philosophy of mind. It also considers the perceptual structure, association, attention, cognition and knowledge, consciousness and action. There are also chapters emphasizing several contemporary views of perception. Psychologists, biologists, and those interested in the study of human perception will find a book a good reference material.

  • Rhythm and Meter

    Phonetics and Phonology, Vol. 1
    • 1st Edition
    • Paul Kiparsky + 1 more
    • English
    Phonetics and Phonology: Volume 1, Rhythm and Meter compiles original articles by 12 linguists and literary critics who have made important contributions to current theories of phonology, verse meter, and music. This book mainly focuses on English poetry—on the meters of Shakespeare, Milton, Blake, Longfellow, Hopkins, Auden, and other Renaissance dramatists. Poetry in other languages that include Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Russian, and German are also examined. This publication emphasizes metrical theory, formulating and illustrating metrical principles within the tradition of generative metrics and competing traditions. The relationships between rhythm in language and music are likewise analyzed. This volume is useful to linguists, literary critics, and specialists conducting work on rhythm and meter.

  • Current Issues in ASL Phonology

    Phonetics and Phonology, Vol. 3
    • 1st Edition
    • Geoffrey R. Coulter
    • English
    Phonetics and Phonology, Volume 3: Current Issues in ASL Phonology deals with theoretical issues in the phonology of ASL (American Sign Language), the signed language of the American Deaf. These issues range from the overall architecture of phonological theory to particular proposals such as the nature of syllables and the reality of underlying "dynamic" or "contour" elements. The seemingly universal preference, CV (consonant-vowel) as opposed to VC (vowel-consonant) syllable structure, is also discussed. Comprised of 14 chapters, this volume begins with some general background on ASL and on the community in which it is used. It then looks at secondary licensing and the nature of constraints on the non-dominant hand in ASL; underspecification in ASL handshape contours; and the nature of ASL and the development of ASL linguistics. The applicability of the notion of "phonology" to a signed language and the sort of questions that can be explored about the parallelisms between signed and spoken linguistic systems are also considered. Later chapters focus on the linearization of phonological tiers in ASL; phonological segmentation in sign and speech; two models of segmentation in ASL; and sonority and syllable structure in ASL. The book also examines phrase-level prosody in ASL before concluding with an analysis of linguistic expression and its relation to modality. This monograph will appeal to phonologists who work on both signed and spoken languages, and to other cognitive scientists interested in the nature of abstract articulatory representations in human language.

  • Internal Migration

    A Comparative Perspective
    • 1st Edition
    • Alan A. Brown + 1 more
    • English
    Internal Migration: A Comparative Perspective is the third in a series of publications sponsored by the Committee on Comparative Urban Economics. This book highlights the integral migration in several regions of the world and the problems in regions of varying levels of economic development, and with different economic systems. This text is organized into five parts encompassing 24 chapters. The introductory part describes the interactions between migration and socioeconomic development, along with the functions and dynamics of the migration process. The next part explores the methodological aspects of migration, including the models, measurements, and theoretical reflections of internal migration. Other parts discuss the effect of migration on regions and individuals. These chapters also present some case studies of internal migration in the West and Eastern Europe. The demographic effect of migration on an urban population, the ethnicity as a barrier to migration, and the influence of social and geographical mobility on the stability of kinship systems are reviewed. The concluding part relates a comparative disciplinary and systemic view of migration. This book will be of great value to economists, sociologists, and social workers.

  • Anthropology and the Public Interest

    Fieldwork and Theory
    • 1st Edition
    • Peggy Reeves Sanday
    • English
    Anthropology and the Public Interest: Field work and Theory provides an understanding of how culture affects human lives, and uses this understanding in formulating and implementing domestic social policy. This book defines basic research as contributing to theory, knowledge, and method that contributes to the advancement of social science. Organized into four parts encompassing 19 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the greatest potential payoff for the advancement of social science and for enlightened social programming. This text then presents an insightful discussion of why cultural differences among people have gone so largely unrecognized. Other chapters consider the cultural or language processes of contemporary U.S. populations. This book discusses as well the changing environment that gave rise to the tremendous growth in academic anthropology. The final chapter deals with social indicators research and discusses the potential role of anthropology in such work. This book is a valuable resource for anthropologists.

  • Leonardo Da Vinci's Elements of the Science of Man

    • 1st Edition
    • Kenneth D. Keele
    • English
    Leonardo Da Vinci’s Elements of the Science of Man describes how Da Vinci integrates his mechanical observations and experiments in mechanics into underlying principles. This book is composed of 17 chapters that highlight the principles underlying Da Vinci’s research in anatomical studies. Considerable chapters deal with Leonardo’s scientific methods and the mathematics of his pyramidal law, as well as his observations on the human and animal movements. Other chapters describe the artist’s anatomical approach to the mechanism of the human body, specifically the physiology of vision, voice, music, senses, soul, and the nervous system. The remaining chapters examine the mechanism of the bones, joints, respiration, heart, digestion, and urinary and reproductive systems.

  • Language Learning by a Chimpanzee

    The Lana Project
    • 1st Edition
    • Duane M Rumbaugh
    • English
    Language Learning by a Chimpanzee: The Lana Project brings together several disciplinary endeavors, such as primatology, experimental psychology, cognitive psychology, computer and information sciences, and neurosciences. This book is composed of two sets of data—one relates to language learning in the chimpanzee, while the other deals with language construction by Homo sapiens. The fundamental issue of mind-brain dualism and difference between man and beast are also covered. This text mainly describes the LANA project that aims to develop a computer-based language training system for investigation into the possibility that chimpanzees may have the capacity to acquire human-type language. This publication is recommended for biologists, specialists, and researchers conducting work on language learning in nonhuman primates.

  • Evaluation and Action in the Social Environment

    • 1st Edition
    • Richard H. Price + 1 more
    • English
    Evaluation and Action in the Social Environment provides a description of a framework for doing evaluation and action research in social settings. This book presents the strategies for analysis and intervention in community, health, and human service settings. Organized into 10 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the impact of social settings on individual behavior. This text then examines the family, community groups, and personal social networks. Other chapters consider the assessment and change in behavioral and physical environments. This book discusses as well the family as an interpersonal system, with emphasis on interactive sequences to show how symptomatic behavior has its own logic in the family context. The final chapter deals with larger and more complex settings and contexts, including schools, medical hospitals, and settings in the legal system. This book is a valuable resource for sociologists, anthropologists, social scientists, clinical therapists, program evaluators, and social policymakers.

  • The Future of Man

    Proceedings of a Symposium Held at the Royal Geographical Society, London, on 1 April, 1971
    • 1st Edition
    • F. J. Ebling + 1 more
    • English
    The Future of Man documents the proceedings of a Symposium held at the Royal Geographical Society London, on April 1, 1971. This book deals with choices that man makes or may make, attempting to understand the paradox that the more man knows about himself and the environment the more baffling and controversial his choices become. The major problems of human survival, such as living space, natural resources, relationships with the rest of the living world, and creation, nurture and prolongation of life are also described. Other topics include the past and future distribution of homo sapiens and his activities in Great Britain, artificial synthesis of new life forms in relation to social and industrial evolution, and nature and control of aging. This compilation is recommended for biologists and scientists aiming to understand the effects of technical innovation on people and their environment.

  • Prehistoric Man and His Environments

    A Case Study in the Ozark Highland
    • 1st Edition
    • W. Raymond Wood + 1 more
    • English
    Prehistoric Man and His Environments: A Case Study in the Ozark Highland offers a preliminary model for the paleoecology of the western Ozark Highland in Missouri for the last 35,000 years and an interpretation of how humans have adapted to and exploited the area for the 10,500 years they are known to have lived there. The model, a set of hypotheses that includes a putative explanatory framework for the observations made at Ozark, is based on more than a decade of interdisciplinary fieldwork. Comprised of 14 chapters, this volume begins with a background on the interdisciplinary studies undertaken in the Pomme de Terre River Valley. The research has centered on the post-glacial deposits at the Rodgers Shelter and on five nearby spring bogs, each of which contained the bones of extinct mammals, pollen, and other material dating from late Pleistocene and early Holocene times. The archaeological investigations and subsequent analyses of these sites are discussed in detail. Sedimentary processes, changing subsistence patterns, material culture, and human burials at Rodgers Shelter are then analyzed. The final chapter describes the direction of research in the Ozark Highland, including plans to test aspects of the proposed model. This book will be of interest to anthropologists, archaeologists, geographers, geologists, and botanists.

  • Recent Trends in Social Learning Theory

    • 1st Edition
    • Ross D. Parke
    • English
    Recent Trends in Social Learning Theory offers a convenient overview of the state of social learning theory. This book is organized into six chapters. Chapter 1 provides a detailed discussion of the social learning theory, followed by an analysis of the theoretical views on the social reinforcement issue in Chapter 2. The contiguity theory of modeling and important role played by symbolic coding processes in imitation are described in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 elaborates the developmental analysis of imitation, while Chapter 5 outlines an empirical and theoretical overview of the status of punishment and its role in the development of self-control in children. The last chapter summarizes the contributions compiled in this text. This publication is recommended for students and professionals in child development and social and clinical psychology.

  • The Australopithecine Face

    • 1st Edition
    • Yoel Rak
    • English
    The Australopithecine Face provides an introduction to the interpretation of the facial skeleton of Australopithecus, a part of the anatomy well represented in the African collections. This book presents important morphological differences between the early hominid taxa and interprets them in a biochemical, functional, evolutionary framework. Organized into seven chapters, this book begins with an overview of the description of the face of the four species of Australopithecus, extending to comparisons both within the genus and with other primates. This text then provides an analysis of the facial morphology of Australopithecus in terms of structural significance. Other chapters consider the taxonomic and phylogenetic status of the australopithecine species in light of the description and comparison. This book discusses as well the changes in the morphology and topography of the facial mask. The final chapter deals with the phylogenetic assignment of the different species. This book is a valuable resource for anthropologists.

  • Reinforcement

    Behavioral Analyses
    • 1st Edition
    • R. M. Gilbert + 1 more
    • English
    Reinforcement: Behavioral Analyses covers the proceedings of the 1970 Symposium on Schedule-induced and Schedule-Dependent Phenomena, held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. This symposium highlights theoretically inclined papers on reinforcement processes. This text contains 10 chapters and begins with a description of how behavior is induced by various environmental events, especially reinforcing events, as well as the relationship between control by inducing stimuli and reinforceability. The subsequent chapters deal with reinforcement phenomena in terms of preference relations and the conditioned emotional responses in terms of opposing motivational processes. These topics are followed by reviews of schedule-dependent effects of preaversive stimuli and the maintenance of behavior by apparent reinforcers that might be expected to punish, as well as the identification of critical variable that underlie the phenomenon. Other chapters examine the interactions between operant and responded conditioning processes. The final chapters outline the experiments on behavior stream whose hallmark is reinforcement if the absence of specified behavior. These chapters emphasize the analogy between the evolution of species and the modification of behavior. This book will be of value to behaviorists and psychologists.

  • The Quaternary of Israel

    • 1st Edition
    • Aharon Horowitz
    • English
    The Quaternary of Israel presents the ensuing synthesis of the development of Israel during the Quaternary, with its implication with human life and paleoenvironments. This book discusses Israel as the key area for the connection of the African and European Quaternary sequences, which bear prime significance for the problems of human evolution, settlement, and migration. Organized into nine chapters, this book begins with an overview of the environments, the pre-Quaternary geology, and the structural evolution of the region. This text then examines the sedimentary sequence and erosional processes that influenced Israel during the Quaternary. Other chapters consider the pollen spectra of Israel as representative of vegetation, climatic conditions, and processes of transport and deposition. This book discusses as well the major descriptive reports to anthropological material uncovered in Israel and explores the significance of these discoveries. The final chapter deals with the paleoclimatic, paleogeographic, and environmental development of Israel in connection with human settlement. This book is a valuable resource for anthropologists and geologists.

  • The Functions of Language and Cognition

    • 1st Edition
    • Grover J. Whitehurst + 1 more
    • English
    The Functions of Language and Cognition provides a forum for articulating a functional approach to language and cognition. This book discusses the influence of structural approaches to language and thought. Organized into 10 chapters, this book begins with an overview of a comprehensive alternative treatment of cognitive and linguistic functioning from a social, functional perspective. This text then discusses some considerations for a theory of skills and of cognitive development in general. Other chapters focus on acquisition of perceptual concepts rather than logical, verbal, or mathematical concepts. This book examines as well each of the possible limits in terms of their potential effects on cognitive development and in terms of the evidence regarding their actual effects. The final chapter deals with the influence of personal standards and strategies on therapy outcomes. This book is a valuable resource for graduate and upper-level undergraduate students in developmental psychology, clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, education, and rehabilitation.

  • Understanding Language

    An Information-Processing Analysis of Speech Perception, Reading, and Psycholinguistics
    • 1st Edition
    • Dominic W. Massaro
    • English
    Understanding Language: An Information-Processi... Analysis of Speech Perception, Reading, and Psycholinguistics focuses on the progress of approaches, principles, and practices involved in speech perception, reading, and psycholinguistics. The selection first offers information on language and information processing, articulatory and acoustic characteristics of speech sounds, and acoustic features in speech perception. Discussions focus on vowel and consonant recognition, production of speech sounds, general acoustic properties and occurrence of speech sounds, vowel phonemes of English, and information, auditory, and visual information processing. The text then examines preperceptual images, processing time, and perceptual units in speech perception, theories of perception, and visual features, preperceptual storage, and processing time in reading. Topics include processing time, visual features, summary of information-processi... analysis of speech perception, role of linguistic structure in model building, and preperceptual images and processing time. The manuscript takes a look at an analysis of psychological studies of grammar, word and phrase recognition in speech processing, and linguistic theory and information processing, including psychological function of certain transformation rules, psychological reality of constituent structure, and linguistics and psychology. The selection is a vital source of data for researchers interested in speech perception, reading, and psycholinguistics.

  • The Coercive Social Worker

    British Lessons for American Social Services
    • 1st Edition
    • Joel F. Handler
    • English
    The Coercive Social Worker: British Lessons for American Social Services focuses on the role of social services in public departments of welfare, with emphasis on the enormous power of the social worker to impose the casework plan on the client. It explains how traditional social work theory combines with the delivery of "hard" services in the integrated, comprehensive family service to produce social workers with such power. Some of the lessons that can be learned by American social service agencies from the British experience are discussed. Comprised of seven chapters, this volume begins with a historical background on Britain's public social service program, launched in 1970 to provide a comprehensive, integrated family service at the local government level. The significance of the British experience to American social services is considered, with particular reference to the relationship between social work theory and social service policy and administration. The foundations of the modern welfare state are also discussed, along with social services in America in an income maintenance setting. The final chapter examines the problems facing the consumer of a comprehensive, integrated family service; the creation and implementation of administrative discretion in the social service context; legal rights of consumers; and alternative systems for the delivery of social services. This book is intended for social work professionals, administrators, policymakers, and advocates of the rights of people who deal with social welfare agencies.

  • Social Program Implementation

    Quantitative Studies in Social Relations
    • 1st Edition
    • Walter Williams + 1 more
    • English
    Quantitative Studies in Social Relations: Social Program Implementation provides information pertinent to implementation problems in social policy areas. This book discusses the greatest difficulty in devising better social programs. Organized into five parts encompassing 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of implementation problems in federally funded programs. This text then focuses on the social agency where the many bureaucratic problems in multilayered structure clearly illustrate crucial implementation issues. Other chapters consider the structure and incentive systems of public schools as they relate to the adoption of innovations and to their implementation in the schools. This book discusses as well the idea of planned variation from the perspective of a model sponsor. The final chapter deals with crucial impediment to improving complex operating programs, policy analysis, and experimentation in social policy areas. This book is a valuable resource for policy planners, administrators, and analysts. Researchers engaged in social policy studies will also find this book useful.

  • Exemplar-Based Knowledge Acquisition

    A Unified Approach to Concept Representation, Classification, and Learning
    • 1st Edition
    • Ray Bareiss
    • B. Chandrasekaran
    • English
    Exemplar-Based Knowledge Acquisition: A Unified Approach to Concept Representation, Classification, and Learning covers the fundamental issues in cognitive science and the technology for solving real problems. This text contains six chapters and begins with a description of the rationale for the design of Protos Approach, its construction and performance. The succeeding chapters discuss how the Protos approach meets the requirements of representing concepts, using them for classification, and acquiring them from available training. These chapters also deal with the design and implementation of Protos. These topics are followed by a presentation of examples of the application of Protos to audiology and evaluate its performance. The final chapters survey related work in the areas of case-based reasoning and automated knowledge acquisition and the contributions of Protos approach. This book will be of great value to psychologists, psychiatrists, and researchers in the field of artificial intelligence.

  • A Century of Controversy

    Ethnological Issues from 1860 to 1960
    • 1st Edition
    • Elman R Service
    • E. A. Hammel
    • English
    A Century of Controversy: Ethnological Issues from 1860 to 1960 is an assessment of the history of ethnology in terms of its intellectual progress, with emphasis on the controversial issues that were broached between 1860 and 1960. Two related philosophical or theoretical poses that characterized the prominent ethnological thinkers of this period, and earlier, are related to this phenomenon. One was the prevalent positivism, the other the belief in human progress as a form of social, cultural, and mental evolution. Comprised of 19 chapters, this volume begins by looking at several eminent scholars dealing more closely with the subject of ethnology, including Henry Maine and John F. McLennan in Great Britain; Johann J. Bachofen in Switzerland; and Fustel de Coulanges in France. In particular, the chapter examines the disagreement among Maine, Bachofen, McLennan, and Fustel de Coulanges as to the nature of the earliest society and its form of marriage; the nature of the evolutionary transformations of society (especially from primitive society to civilization); and the actual meaning and function of kinship terminology. The next two chapters describe the positive, useful discoveries as well as the mistakes and weaknesses of Lewis H. Morgan's work, with particular reference to his classificatory kinship nomenclature. Subsequent sections focus on controversies surrounding kinship terminology; social structure; the origins of government; the economic life of primitive peoples; and society and culture. This book will be of interest to scholars of anthropology, archaeology, and ethnology.

  • Language Use and School Performance

    • 1st Edition
    • Aaron V. Cicourel + 2 more
    • English
    Language Use and School Performance presents the results of a study undertaken during 1969-1970 to investigate the link between language use and school performance. A basic theme of this report is that early school experience is probably the most important stage in a child's educational career. The emphasis is on the acquisition and use of language at home and in the primary school. Comprised of seven chapters, this book seeks to clarify everyday school decisions made by school personnel based on the child's performances in particular classroom and testing situations that influence his/her educational career early in life. The discussion begins by focusing on the placement of students in two kindergarten classes in two southern California school districts. More specifically, the chapter examines the practices used by teachers to assign students to classes having particular characteristics; to place them in ability groups within classes; and to promote them to the next grade. Subsequent chapters explore how teachers accomplish classroom lessons; intelligence testing as a social activity; standardized tests as objective/objectifie... measures of a child's "competence" in school; and tests and experiments with children. The final chapter outlines some basic theoretical issues in the assessment of the child's performance in testing and classroom settings. This monograph will be a valuable resource for educators, sociologists, and psychologists.

  • Wolf and Man

    Evolution in Parallel
    • 1st Edition
    • Roberta L. Hall + 1 more
    • English
    Wolf and Man: Evolution in Parallel is a collection of papers that discusses certain crucial attributes of humans including traits that are shared with other social predators. Some papers describe the wolf as the equal of man—the animal is a social hunter of large game, disregards human boundaries and properties, and consume livestock when it is necessary. The wolf's will to survive is as great as that of man, and brings along many resources to the competition. Several papers review the behavior and culture of man, wolf, dog, and the Chipewyan people who hunted caribou. Another paper examines the communication, cognitive mapping, and strategy in wolves and hominids. Hominids have developed cognitive maps, forced by their predation on large animals to cover wider ranges, to communicate and form complex sequences of utterances. One paper notes that the wolf was able to penetrate on every continent except Australia and Africa due to the Australian continent's isolation. In Africa, there is no ecological space for another highly organized social hunter of large game. The collection can be appreciated by anthropologists, sociologists, psychologists, and scientists involved in paleontology and human evolution.

  • The Special Status of Coronals: Internal and External Evidence

    Phonetics and Phonology, Vol. 2
    • 1st Edition
    • Carole Paradis + 1 more
    • English
    Phonetics and Phonology, Volume 2: The Special Status of Coronals: Internal and External Evidence contains a phonetic survey of coronal articulations and discusses many aspects of the phonological behavior of coronals as opposed to noncoronals. This book discusses the asymmetry and visibility in consonant articulations, coronal places of articulation, and underspecification of coronals in English. The cluster condition in Attic Greek, palatalization and representation of coronal, and relationship between laterality and coronality are also elaborated. This publication likewise covers the cross-linguistic survey of consonant harmony, coronals in child phonology, and coronal transparency in vowel spreading. This volume is intended for graduate students and scholars interested in phonology, phonetics, general linguistics, psycholinguistics, or language pathology.

  • Genie

    A Psycholinguistic Study of a Modern-Day Wild Child
    • 1st Edition
    • Susan Curtiss
    • Harry A Whitaker
    • English
    Genie: A Psycholinguistic Study of a Modern-Day “Wild Child” reports on the linguistic research carried out through studying and working with Genie, a deprived and isolated, to an unprecedented degree, girl who was not discovered until she was an adolescent. An inhuman childhood had prevented Genie from learning language, and she knew little about the world in any respect save abuse, neglect, isolation, and deprivation. This book is organized into three parts encompassing 11 chapters. Part I provides a case history and background material on Genie's personality and language behavior. This part describes the interaction between the authors and this remarkable girl. Part II details Genie's linguistic development and overall language abilities, specifically her phonological development, as well as receptive knowledge and productive grammatical abilities of syntax, morphology, and semantics. This part also provides a comparison between her linguistic development and the language acquisition of other children. Part III presents a full description of the neurolinguistic work carried out on Genie and discusses the implications of this aspect of the case. This book will prove useful to neurolinguistics and pyscholinguistics.

  • Imagery

    Current Cognitive Approaches
    • 1st Edition
    • Sydney Joelson Segal
    • English
    Imagery: Current Cognitive Approaches focuses on cognitive approaches to the study of imagery. Topics range from the brief image or icon, which serves as the source of storage in short-term memory, to global behavior changes, including hallucinatory imagery under the influence of drugs and hypnotic states. The role of the image in verbal learning and the relationship of the image to both sensory and cognitive aspects of perception are also considered. Comprised of six chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the relationship between imagery and language and a review of some specific evidence pertaining to the psycholinguistic problems of meaning, comprehension, and the learning and retention of verbal material. Subsequent chapters deal with visual perception and the function of iconic storage; different theoretical views on the definition of image; and processing of the stimulus in imagery and perception. The book concludes by analyzing how vivid imagery, "hallucinations", and other alterations in visual perception are produced by LSD and also by suggestions given under hypnosis. This monograph will be of interest to graduate students, teachers, and researchers of cognitive psychology, as well as to clinical psychologists and psychiatrists.

  • Aversive Conditioning and Learning

    • 1st Edition
    • F. Robert Brush
    • English
    Aversive Conditioning and Learning covers the significant advances in establishing the phenomena, principles, and other aspects of aversive conditioning and learning. This book is organized into three sections encompassing nine chapters. The first section deals with operant and classical conditioning of responses of the autonomic nervous system and with behavioral measurement of conditioned fear. The next section discusses the mechanism of avoidance learning and a number of problem areas, including the effects of response selection on the ease of acquisition and the nature and slow time course of the processes that reinforce avoidance learning. Other problems explore are the influence on avoidance learning of prior experience with uncontrollable shock and with reliable and unreliable predictors of shock, an analysis of avoidance learning in terms of a Markov model of short- and long-term memory, and the nature of retention of conditioned fear and the possible hormonal mechanisms that control performance motivated by fear. The last section examines some of the unexpected effects of punishment, which usually produces suppression of behavior. This section emphasizes the effects of noncontingent aversive stimuli that may account for the suppressive effects of punishment and on the paradoxical facilitation of behavior that sometimes results from response-contingent shock. This book will prove useful to medical psychologists, psychiatrists, and workers in the related fields.

  • Formal Language Theory

    Perspectives and Open Problems
    • 1st Edition
    • Ronald V. Book
    • English
    Formal Language Theory: Perspectives and Open Problems focuses on the trends and major open problems on the formal language theory. The selection first ponders on the methods for specifying families of formal languages, open problems about regular languages, and generators of cones and cylinders. Discussions focus on cylinders of algebraic languages, cone of algebraic languages, regularity of noncounting classes, group complexity, specification formalism, and grammars. The publication then elaborates on very small families of algebraic nonrational languages and formal languages and their relation to automata. The book tackles morphisms on free monoids and language theory, homomorphisms, and survey of results and open problems in the mathematical theory of L systems. Topics include single finite substitutions iterated, single homomorphisms iterated, representation of language families, homomorphism equivalence on a language, and problems about infinite words. The selection is a valuable source of data for researchers interested in the formal language theory.

  • A Great Trial in Chinese History

    The Trial of the Lin Biao and Jiang Qing Counter-Revolutionary Cliques, Nov. 1980 - Jan. 1981
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English
    A Great Trial in Chinese History: The Trial of the Lin Biao and Jiang Qing Counter-Revolutionar... Cliques, Nov. 1980 - Jan. 1981 focuses on the influence of the trial of the two cliques of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing on Chinese law, particularly the separation of criminal and political liabilities. The book first underscores the setting up of a Special Procuratorate and special court, defense lawyers, and start of trial and highlights of court investigation. Discussions focus on the framing and persecution of state chairman Liu Shaoqi, false charges against Premier Zhou Enlai, frame-ups by Jiang Qing, rebellion plot in Shanghai, and counter-revolutionar... propaganda. The text then examines court debate, including the denial of Huang Yongsheng as the chief culprit, the request of Chen Boda for leniency, the silence of Zhang Chunqiao, and the guilty plea of Wang Hongwen. The publication takes a look at the judgment of the court, comments, and documents. Topics include articles of China's criminal law relevant to the judgment of the Lin-Jiang case; milestone in socialist democracy and socialist legality; and indictment of the Special Procuratorate under the Supreme People's Procuratorate of the People's Republic of China. The manuscript is a vital source of data for historians and readers interested in the Lin Biao and Jiang Qing trial.

  • Technical Tables for Schools and Colleges

    The Commonwealth and International Library Mathematics Division
    • 1st Edition
    • C. W. Schofield
    • English
    Technical Tables for Schools and Colleges contains tables of various mathematical functions for high school and college students. This book presents data concerning logarithms, antilogarithms, exponential and hyperbolic functions, arithmetical, financial, and trigonometrical tables, as well as mensuration and metric values. Other data provided include solution of triangles, moment of inertia, areas of circles, British, metric and M.K.S. units, and table of atomic weights.

  • The Role of Speech in the Regulation of Normal and Abnormal Behavior

    • 1st Edition
    • Alexander R. Luria
    • J. Tizard
    • English
    The Role of Speech in the Regulation of Normal and Abnormal Behavior examines the role of speech in the regulation of normal and abnormal behavior. Research findings on the regulatory role of verbal communication in ontogenesis and its disruption under various pathological states of the brain are summarized. The role of speech in the formation of mental processes is also discussed, along with the development of the regulatory role of speech. Comprised of three chapters, this book begins with a detailed account of the role of speech in the formation and evolution of mental processes in hopes of identifying the mechanisms underlying complex mental activities. It shows that speech enters integrally into the structure of mental processes and that it is a powerful means of regulating human behavior. The second chapter explores how the regulatory function of speech is formed and how it influences the formation of voluntary movements. The last chapter considers the relationship between speech and action as a criterion for identifying various forms of pathological behavior and for analyzing the compensation of the defects that result from it. This monograph will be of interest to psychologists.

  • The Mentally Retarded Child

    Essays Based on a Study of the Peculiarities of the Higher Nervous Functioning of Child-Oligophrenics
    • 1st Edition
    • A. R. Luria
    • English
    The Mentally Retarded Child is an eight-chapter text based on a study of the peculiarities of the higher nervous functioning of mentally retarded children, with special emphasis on child-oligophrenics. The opening chapter considers the problems associated with the study of mental retardation. The succeeding chapters describe the clinical characteristics and the peculiarities of the electrical activity of the brain in mentally retarded child. These topics are followed by examinations of the orientation reflexes, high nervous activity, speech, and behavior regulation of child-oligophrenics. The final chapters look into the peculiarities of verbal associations in normal and mentally-retarded children. These chapters also provide a summary of the results of the investigations devoted to the clinical and patho-physiological characteristics of mentally retarded child. This book will prove useful to child psychologists, behaviorists, neurologists, and researchers.

  • New Directions in Dance

    Collected Writings from the Seventh Dance in Canada Conference Held at the University of Waterloo, Canada, June 1979
    • 1st Edition
    • Diana Theodores Taplin
    • English
    New Directions in Dance is a collection of papers presented at the Seventh Dance in Canada Conference held at the University of Waterloo, Canada, in June 1979. The book focuses on the future directions of dance and covers dance thought and expression, its physical realities, related arts, and its role in society. The topics encompass a wide range of disciplines, from choreography, semiotics, and aesthetics to criticism, psychology,history, physics, biomechanics, orthopedics, education, and computer analysis. Comprised of 19 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to Aristotle's dramatic theories and their application to the criticism of dances, particularly those with dramatic structure and/or origins. Of particular relevance are Aristotle's treatment of the aesthetic concepts of unity and causality; his definition of tragedy; the means of poetic imitation as diction and melody; and the manner of poetic imitation as dramatic with the use of spectacle. The discussion then turns to R. G. Collingwood's principles of art and whether they contain a theory of dance; some applications of linguistic and semiological concepts to theater dance; and parallel trends in the development of Expressionist painting and the genesis of modern dance in Germany. Subsequent chapters explore children as dance audience; the history of dance in Canada; the link between physics and ballet; and computer-assisted notation of dance. The final section is devoted to dance policy and education. This monograph will be of interest to dancers, dance scholars and researchers, artists, students, teachers, and others involved in the dance profession.

  • German Women Writers of the Twentieth Century

    • 1st Edition
    • Elizabeth Rütschi Herrmann + 1 more
    • English
    German Women Writers of the Twentieth Century is an anthology of German women writers of the twentieth century and includes English translations of their German-language short stories. These short stories provide an insight into their creators' literary achievement and give some impression of the great variety and scope of their work. Comprised of 16 chapters, this volume begins with a short story by Ricarda Huch (1864-1947) entitled "Love," followed by another story entitled "The Wife of Pilate," by Gertrud von Le Fort (1876-1971). The remaining chapters present short stories by Elisabeth Langgässer (1899-1950), Anna Seghers (1900- ), Marie Luise Kaschnitz (1901-1974), Luise Rinser (1911- ), Ilse Aichinger (1921- ), Barbara König (1925- ), Ingeborg Bachmann (1926-1973), Christa Reinig (1926- ), Christa Wolf (1929- ), Gabriele Wohmann (1932- ), Helga Novak (1935- ), Gisela Elsner (1937- ), Elisabeth Meylan (1937- ), and Angelika Mechtel (1943- ). This monograph will be of interest to students, scholars, and authors who wish to know more about German literature in general and the work of German women writers in particular.

  • Environmental Education

    Key Issues of the Future
    • 1st Edition
    • David Hughes-Evans
    • English
    Environmental Education: Key Issues of the Future contains the proceedings of a conference held at the College of Technology in Hampshire, England. The conference provided a forum for discussing the role of education in environmental training, analyzing the problems of environmental education, and proposing innovations that might well affect the future. Comprised of eight chapters, this book first looks at the methods for use in the professional training of teachers, with reference to the research and development studies that have been carried out on these training methods. The place of environmental studies in the school and the factors that have led to an increased interest in these studies are considered. The chief obstacles to the progress of these studies in the secondary schools are outlined. The reader is then introduced to the role of environmental science in the formal education service; problems of subject integration in environmental science; and the UNESCO/UNEP environmental program and its implications for environmental education in Britain. International cooperation in environmental education is also discussed, along with part-time and recurrent education in the environmental field. This monograph will be of value to engineers, planners, biologists, lawyers, geologists, and others with an active interest in environmental problems.

  • Adolescent Girls at Risk

    • 1st Edition
    • Harold Marchant + 1 more
    • Jean P. Nursten
    • English
    Adolescent Girls at Risk focuses on a fieldwork that employed measures and programs designed to help girls in their transformation to adolescence. The book first ponders on the theoretical background and plan of the project, including fieldwork aims and methods, research aims and methods, and at risk factors. The text then examines the girls who are the subjects of the study, as well as the start of fieldwork. The book explores the kind of bond and relationship that developed among the girls, particularly the strategies that social workers have employed in assisting them to recognize and achieve personally satisfying relationship with adults, peers, and authority. The manuscript also takes a look at the termination of the project work and research analysis of the fieldwork. The book is a dependable source of information for social workers and researchers interested in studying the transformation of girls to adolescence.

  • The Singing Class

    • 1st Edition
    • Herbert Wiseman
    • K. A. Wright
    • English
    The Singing Class focuses on the problems and responsibilities of choralism and collective voice-training. The book first elaborates on the nature of child voice, change of voice among girls and boys, and the points of good singing. The text also underscores the importance of accuracy, words, rhythm, and phrasing in good singing. The manuscript underscores the value and responsibilities of conducting, importance of repertoire, and reading music. It also highlights the proper way of listening to music, value of modern aids to music, qualities and qualification of music teachers, and training of teachers on school music. The text is a dependable reference for music teachers and researchers interested in school music.

  • History and Truth

    • 1st Edition
    • Adam Schaff
    • English
    History and Truth deals with the epistemological premises and the objectivity of historical truth as well as the social conditioning of historical cognition. Both the problem of the model of cognitive relationship and the problem of truth are discussed in the context of true cognition. Comprised of eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of historians' conflicting interpretations regarding the causes of the French Revolution to highlight the tendency of historians to differ in their visions of the historical process, resulting in different and sometimes even contradictory representations of one and the same fact. The discussion then turns to three models of the process of cognition (the cognitive subject, the object of cognition, and knowledge as the product of the process of cognition), as well as the concept of truth as a philosophical problem. Subsequent chapters focus on two concepts of history, namely, positivism and presentism; The class character of historical cognition; historicism and relativism; and the selection of historical facts. The book also considers why history is continuously written anew before concluding with an assessment of the objectivity of historical truth. This monograph will be of interest to students, practitioners, and researchers in the fields of history, philosophy, and the social sciences.

  • The Logical Foundations of Mathematics

    Foundations and Philosophy of Science and Technology Series
    • 1st Edition
    • William S. Hatcher
    • Mario Bunge
    • English
    The Logical Foundations of Mathematics offers a study of the foundations of mathematics, stressing comparisons between and critical analyses of the major non-constructive foundational systems. The position of constructivism within the spectrum of foundational philosophies is discussed, along with the exact relationship between topos theory and set theory. Comprised of eight chapters, this book begins with an introduction to first-order logic. In particular, two complete systems of axioms and rules for the first-order predicate calculus are given, one for efficiency in proving metatheorems, and the other, in a "natural deduction" style, for presenting detailed formal proofs. A somewhat novel feature of this framework is a full semantic and syntactic treatment of variable-binding term operators as primitive symbols of logic. Subsequent chapters focus on the origin of modern foundational studies; Gottlob Frege's formal system intended to serve as a foundation for mathematics and its paradoxes; the theory of types; and the Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. David Hilbert's program and Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorems are also examined, along with the foundational systems of W. V. Quine and the relevance of categorical algebra for foundations. This monograph will be of interest to students, teachers, practitioners, and researchers in mathematics.

  • The Phenomenon of Architecture in Cultures in Change

    • 1st Edition
    • David Oakley
    • English
    The Phenomenon of Architecture in Cultures in Change focuses on the study of architectural design and its impact in the developing world. The book first elaborates on architectural function and problems and building problems. Discussions focus on a unified form of classification to characterize building context, architecture and society, development process and the building process, understanding of architectural form, and exploring architecture. The text then ponders on economy, intentions, ideas, and method in design. Topics include method in design work, formal articulation and architectural expression, synthesis of critical approaches, architectural ideas, search for system in design work, and economy and the design process. The manuscript examines education and architecture and community, as well as urbanizing rural region, residential urban renewal, and town design service. The book is a dependable source of data for architects and researchers interested in the phenomenon of architecture.

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