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    • Creep And Relaxation Of Nonlinear Viscoelastic Materials With An Introduction To Linear Viscoelasticity

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 18
      • December 2, 2012
      • W.N. Findley
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 7 0 0 2 4
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 6 0 1 9 2 6
      Creep and Relaxation of Nonlinear Viscoelastic Materials with an Introduction to Linear Viscoelasticity deals with nonlinear viscoelasticity, with emphasis on creep and stress relaxation. It explains the concepts of elastic, plastic, and viscoelastic behavior, along with creep, recovery, relaxation, and linearity. It also describes creep in a variety of viscoelastic materials, such as metals and plastics. Organized into 13 chapters, this volume begins with a historical background on creep, followed by discussions about strain and stress analysis, linear viscoelasticity, linear viscoelastic stress analysis, and oscillatory stress and strain. It methodically walks the reader through topics such as the multiple integral theory with simplifications to single integrals, incompressibility and linear compressibility, and the responses of viscoelastic materials to stress boundary conditions (creep), strain boundary conditions (relaxation), and mixed stress and strain boundary conditions (simultaneous creep and relaxation). The book also looks at the problem of the effect of temperature, especially variable temperature, on nonlinear creep, and describes methods for the characterization of kernel functions, stress analysis of nonlinear viscoelastic materials, and experimental techniques for creep and stress relaxation under combined stress. This book is a useful text for designers, students, and researchers.

    • Fusion Technology 1996

      • 1st Edition
      • December 2, 2012
      • C. Varandas + 1 more
      • English
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 9 9 7 5 9
      The objective of these proceedings was to provide a platform for the exchange of information on the design, construction and operation of fusion experiments. The technology which is being developed for the next step devices and fusion reactors was also covered.

    • Photochemical Processes in Organized Molecular Systems

      • 1st Edition
      • December 2, 2012
      • K. Honda
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 6 8 2 9 8
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 9 8 8 0 6
      Photochemical processes form the basis of life. Energy transfer through photons also underlies a wide range of phenomena ranging from the motion of atoms and molecules to the assembly of systems of molecules, such as polymers, Langmuir-Blodgett films and even liquid crystals.Photochemic... Processes in Organized Molecular Systems provides an overview of recent photochemical investigations of systems of molecules. The book is divided into four parts: the first two deal with current progress on the understanding of photoinduced chemical processes, the third and fourth chapter deal with the photochemistry of organized molecular systems including polymers, micelles and liquid crystals.This book should be studied by all who want to know more about this promising field of photochemical research, and about the fascinating processes that light can bring about.

    • Surfaces and Interfaces: Physics and Electronics

      • 1st Edition
      • December 2, 2012
      • R.S. Bauer
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 6 8 7 2 4
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 6 0 0 1 6 5
      Surfaces and Interfaces: Physics and Electronics covers the proceedings of the second Trieste ICTP-IUPAP Semiconductor Symposium, conducted at the International Center for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy on August 30 to September 3, 1982. The book focuses on the processes, methodologies, reactions, and approaches involved in semiconductor physics. The selection first elaborates on the electronic properties and surface geometry of GaAs and ZnO surfaces; electronic structure of Si (III) surfaces; and photoemission studies of surface states on Si (III) 2X1. Discussions focus on consistency of different experiments, relating experiments to a theoretical model, quenching of surface states by hydrogen, inverse photoemission results, and basic data and models of the low-index ZnO surfaces. The text then examines Si (III) 2X1 studies by angle resolved photoemission; electronic surface states at steps in Si (III) 2X1; and a novel method for the study of optical properties of surfaces. The manuscript takes a look at spot profile analysis (LEED) of defects at silicon surfaces; chemisorption-induce... defects at interfaces on compound semiconductors; and surface defects on semiconductors. The microscopic properties and behavior of silicide interfaces, recombination at semiconductor surfaces and interfaces, and dipoles, defects, and interfaces are also discussed. The selection is a highly recommended source of data for physicists and readers wanting to study semiconductor physics.

    • Fusion Technology 1990

      • 1st Edition
      • December 2, 2012
      • B.E. Keen + 2 more
      • English
      • Hardback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 8 8 5 0 8 1
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 6 0 0 6 5 3
      The aim of the biennial series of symposia on Fusion Technology, organized by the European Fusion Laboratories, is the exchange of information on the design, construction and operation of fusion experiments. The coverage of the volume includes the technology aspects of fusion reactors to provide a link to the technology of new developments and form a guideline for the definition of future work. These proceedings comprise two volumes and contain both the invited lectures and contributed papers presented at the Symposium, which was attended by 556 participants from around the globe. The 312 papers in this volume, including 17 invited papers, give a broad and current overview of the progress and trends fusion technology is experiencing now, and the future for fusion devices.

    • Non-Destructive Testing

      • 1st Edition
      • December 2, 2012
      • J. Boogaard + 1 more
      • English
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 6 0 0 6 6 0
      Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) is an activity closely related to the quality and reliability of products, and to the reliable and safe operation of industrial plants. Physical measuring techniques are used to examine parts of constructional assemblies for hidden imperfections and defects. A wide choice of measuring techniques is available to meet the demand of examining a wide variety of materials such as metals, plastics, rocks, as well as different structures and sizes ranging from semiconductor chips to nuclear reactors and off-shore oil platforms.Activities in the field of NDT encompass: Fundamental research to understand and describe the way in which reactions of certain imperfections to a physical measuring technique can be optimized and used to assess type and grade of imperfection; Methods to characterize materials and materials properties; Applications in product quality control; Applications in plant inspection to ensure a reliable operation of components, avoiding damage to both man and environment, as well as financial losses; Personnel education and qualification schemes; The spread of NDT applications to newly industrialized countries.The two proceedings volumes contain over 400 review and specialist papers. The most recent developments in the field of NDT are presented with contributions by outstanding experts from all over the world. Papers are grouped according to technique for those dealing with fundamental research and to field of application for the more practical oriented ones. In this way each chapter provides an easy overview of related current research. Extensive keyword indexes have been included to facilitate the retrieval of information according to individual requirements.The high technical level of the papers and their up-to-date content will make them an indispensable source of information for students, researchers and professionals in the areas covered.

    • Surface Polaritons

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 1
      • December 2, 2012
      • V. M. Agranovich
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 6 8 1 9 9
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 9 8 6 9 1
      Modern Problems in Condensed Matter Sciences, Volume I: Surface Polaritons: Electromagnetic Waves at Surfaces and Interfaces describes the basic properties of surface polaritons and the methods of generating these waves in the laboratory at frequencies of interest to condensed matter physicists. The selection first elaborates on surface phonon polaritons in dielectrics and semiconductors and surface exciton polaritons from the experimental viewpoint. Discussions focus on interface polaritons; surface vibrations in anisotropic crystals; experimental methods for the excitation and study of surface polaritons; and surface vibrations in isotropic crystals. The publication then ponders on surface electromagnetic wave propagation on metal surfaces; thermally stimulated emission of surface polaritons; and effects of the transition layer and spatial dispersion in the spectra of surface polaritons. The text takes a look at surface polaritons at metal surfaces and interfaces and resonance of transition layer excitations with surface polaritons. Topics include resonance of the film phonon with the substrate surface phonon polaritons; investigations of surface modifications in ultra-high vacuum; and use of surface plasma waves for the investigation of solid-liquid and solid-solid interfaces. The selection is a dependable reference for physicists and engineers wanting to conduct research on surface polaritons.

    • Modern Mathematical Methods In Technology

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 17
      • December 2, 2012
      • S. Fenyo
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 7 0 0 0 0
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 6 0 1 9 0 2
      Modern Mathematical Methods in Technology deals with applied mathematics and its finite methods. The book explains the linear algebra, optimization theory, and elements of the theory of graphs. This book explains the matrix theory and analysis, as well as the applications of matrix calculus. It discusses the linear mappings, basic matrix operations, hypermatrices, vector systems, and other algebraic concepts. In addition, it presents the sequences, series, continuity, differentiation, and integration of matrices, as well as the analytical matrix functions. The book discusses linear optimization, linear programming problems, and their solution. It also describes transportation problems and their solution by Hungarian method, as well as convex optimization and the Kuhn-Tucker theorem. The book discusses graphs including sub-, complete, and complementary graphs. It also presents the Boolean algebra and Ford-Fulkerson theorem. This book is invaluable to Math practitioners and non-practitioners.

    • Reliability Fundamentals

      • 1st Edition
      • December 2, 2012
      • V.M. Catuneanu + 1 more
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 6 8 0 1 4
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 9 8 1 4 1
      The development of modern technologies has enlarged the scope of quality, to include aspects concerning the time varying performances of systems. The general property of a system, to conserve its performance in time, is known as reliability. The concept of reliability, developed on the basis of electronic technology, can be generalized to describe any system, be it technical, biological or even social. This work is concerned with technological systems, but many of its ideas can be applied successfully outside the purely technical field. A comprehensive treatment of the various models and methodologies employed in the reliability field is given. The mathematical, physical and engineering concepts related to reliability are presented from a unitary point of view. Moreover, the book provides the theoretical background for the methodologies of reliability assurance and assessment. A global model of system reliability is specified by classical estimation of its parameters from experimental data. The practical difficulties related to the amount of data needed for an accurate estimation is examined in detail.A major improvement on the accuracy of a model is provided by the application of Bayesian statistical theory, thereby making use of all the information available on the reliability of the system. The next section describes the relationship between reliability and stress. It introduces the models of reliability extrapolation and the theory of accelerated life tests. The global model is extended to systems that are subject to renewal and leads to specific reliability indices of system effectiveness. A comparison is given on structural models of system reliability together with the appropriate methods of analysis. The limitations and the areas of application of different models are clearly outlined.The book maintains a good balance between the theoretical and the practical point of view. It is sufficiently theoretical to cover most technical systems, but is not restricted to purely mathematical aspects. The interpretations and the applications of the models are presented in detail, enabling the practitioner to make direct use of many results.

    • Methods of Surface Analysis

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 1
      • December 2, 2012
      • A.W. Czanderna
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 6 7 3 5 2
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 9 6 4 5 1
      Methods of Surface Analysis deals with the determination of the composition of surfaces and the identification of species attached to the surface. The text applies methods of surface analysis to obtain a composition depth profile after various stages of ion etching or sputtering. The composition at the solid—solid interface is revealed by systematically removing atomic planes until the interface of interest is reached, in which the investigator can then determine its composition. The book reviews the effect of ion etching on the results obtained by any method of surface analysis including the effect of the rate of etching, incident energy of the bombarding ion, the properties of the solid, the effect of the ion etching on generating an output signal of electrons, ions, or neutrals. The text also describes the effect of the residual gases in the vacuum environment. The book considers the influence of the sample geometry, of the type (metal, insulator, semiconductor, organic), and of the atomic number can have on surface analysis. The text describes in detail low energy ion scattering spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and infrared reflection-absorptio... spectroscopy. The book can prove useful for researchers, technicians, and scientists whose works involve organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and other related fields of chemistry, such as physical chemistry or inorganic chemistry.

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