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    • Electronic Phase Transitions

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 32
      • December 2, 2012
      • Yu.V. Kopaev + 1 more
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 6 8 8 7 8
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 6 0 0 3 9 4
      Electronic Phase Transitions deals with topics, which are presently at the forefront of scientific research in modern solid-state theory. Anderson localization, which has fundamental implications in many areas of solid-state physics as well as spin glasses, with its influence on quite different research activities such as neural networks, are two examples that are reviewed in this book. The ab initio statistical mechanics of structural phase transitions is another prime example, where the interplay and connection of two unrelated disciplines of solid-state theory - first principle electronic structure calculations and critical phenomena - has given rise to impressive new insights. Clearly, there is more and more need for accurate, stable numerical simulations of models of interacting electrons, presently discussed with great vigor in connection with high-Tc superconductors where the superconducting transition is close to a magnetic transition, i.e. an antiferromagnetic spin structure. These topics and others are discussed and reviewed by leading experts in the field.

    • Fluctuation Phenomena

      • 1st Edition
      • December 2, 2012
      • E Montroll
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 6 9 9 8 1
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 6 0 1 5 6 8
      Studies in Statistical Mechanics, Volume VII: Fluctuation Phenomena Fluctuation explores different aspects of fluctuation behavior and their relation to microscopic processes and other phenomena, including the nucleation of a new phase following the quenching of a system into the coexistence region. It looks at phenomenological fluctuation theories, stochastic processes such as Markoff and momentless processes, and stochastic geometric aspects of amorphous solids. Comprised of five chapters, this volume begins with an overview of fluctuations and the Ehrenfest dog-flea model. It then turns to a discussion of density fluctuations in dilute gases, the Langevin theory of Brownian motion, and classical diffusion and random walks. It also systematically introduces the reader to the statistical mechanical theory of the kinetics of phase transitions, the molecular theory of metastability, and multidimensional continuous time random walks, along with the effect of boundaries and defects onf stochastic processes. In addition, it describes the phenomenological theory of the kinetics of nucleation and its application to nucleation, spinodal decomposition, and condensation. Other chapters focus on a stochastic model for the kinetics of phase transitions, the physical ideas used in theories of metastability, and the importance of dynamics in the study of metastability. The book explains how to estimate the escape rate and describes the statistical mechanics of clusters before concluding with a discussion of slowly-varying ensembles. This book is a valuable resource for students, physicists, and researchers who want to gain more knowledge and learn about statistical mechanics in general and fluctuation phenomena in particular.

    • Particle Physics and Cosmology: Dark Matter

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 6
      • December 2, 2012
      • M. Srednicki
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 8 8 5 9 6 8
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 9 6 0 9 3
      At least eighty percent of the mass of the universe consists of some material which, unlike ordinary matter, neither emits nor absorbs light. This book collects key papers related to the discovery of this astonishing fact and its profound implications for astrophysics, cosmology, and the physics of elementary particles. The book focuses on the likely possibility that the dark matter is composed of an as yet undiscovered elementary particle, and examines the boundaries of our present knowledge of the properties such a particle must possess.

    • Quantum Liquids

      • 1st Edition
      • December 2, 2012
      • J. Ruvalds
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 6 9 1 3 4
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 6 0 1 0 8 7
      Quantum Liquids contains lectures presented at the International School of Low Temperature Physics in Erice, Italy, on June 11-25, 1977. The book reviews developments in the study of superfluid phases of the 3He system and in the understanding of quasiparticles and their interactions in the Bose 4He system, along with recent work on the 3He-4He mixtures. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the renormalization group theory, critical phenomena, and phase transition in superfluid helium. It then discusses the superfluid density and the nature of critical singularities, the theory and practice of neutron scattering, and scattering from weakly interacting quantum liquids. The reader is also introduced to the superfluidity of liquid helium films, light scattering from superfluid helium, and the theory of superfluid 3He. Other chapters focus on superfluid flow in helium-4 compared to that in helium-3, the physical properties of small droplets of helium as analogs of heavy nuclei, and experimental properties of superfluid 3He. Excitations in 3He-4He mixtures, bound excitations in liquid He4, and temperature dependence of the single roton energy and lifetime are also discussed. Physicists and students of physics will find this book extremely useful.

    • Large-Order Behaviour of Perturbation Theory

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 7
      • December 2, 2012
      • J.C. Le Guillou + 1 more
      • English
      • Hardback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 8 8 5 9 4 4
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 8 8 5 9 7 5
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 9 6 2 0 8
      This volume is concerned with the determination of the behaviour of perturbation theory at large orders in quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, and its application to the problem of summation of perturbation series.Perturbation series in quantum field theory and in many quantum mechanics models are only asymptotic and thus diverge for all values of the expansion parameter. Their behaviour at large orders provides information about whether they define the theory uniquely (the problem of Borel summability). It suggests methods to extract numerical information from the series when the expansion parameter is not small.The articles reprinted here deal with the explicit evaluation of large-order behaviour in many quantum mechanics and field theory models. The large-order behaviour is related to barrier penetration effects for unphysical values of the expansion parameter, which can be calculated by WKB or instanton methods. The calculation of critical exponents of &fgr;4 field theory is presented as a practical application.

    • Dynamic Plasticity

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 4
      • December 2, 2012
      • N. Cristescu
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 1 2 4 0 5 4 2 7 1
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 3 2 3 1 6 3 2 9 3
      Dynamic Plasticity discusses the problems encountered in the theory of dynamic deformation of plastic bodies. The book describes one-dimensional problems involving a single component of stress, particle velocity, and single spatial coordinate. The propagation of longitudinal elastic-plastic waves in thin rods or wires is a simple example of this problem of dynamic plasticity. Another one-dimensional problem, which has various possible transverse motions, is the dynamics of extensible strings. This problem is associated in calculations dealing with cables of suspension bridges, of elevator cables, of electric cables. The analogy with the mechanics of extensible strings can be extended to circular and rectangular membranes such as explained by Karunes and Onat. Karunes and Onat analyzed the propagation of transverse and longitudinal shock waves in such membranes using the Rakhmatulin theory for strings. The text also discusses axi-symmetrical problems and the problems of soil mechanics when applied to soft soils. The book can prove valuable to civil engineers, structural engineers, physicist, and students of mechanical engineering or industrial design.

    • Quarkonia

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 9
      • December 2, 2012
      • W. Buchmüller
      • English
      • Hardback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 8 9 3 1 5 4
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 8 9 3 1 6 1
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 9 6 1 4 7
      The discovery of the two families of heavy-quark-antiquar... bound states, the &Ugr; and &PSgr; quarkonium spectroscopies, has played a crucial role in unravelling the nature of strong interactions. The articles collected together in this volume are concerned with the connection between quarkonia and quantum chromodynamics. They deal with potential models, spin-dependent forces, next-to-leading order QCD corrections for decay widths and energy level differences, hadronic transitions and the quark-antiquark interaction in QCD, based on perturbation theory, lattice gauge theory and QCD sum rules. Finally, a brief guide is given to the existing literature on possible new quarkonium systems which have been conjectured in connection with gluonic degrees of freedom, and with expectations for new heavy particles with colour, such as the top quark and scalar quarks.

    • Computed Electron Micrographs And Defect Identification

      • 1st Edition
      • December 2, 2012
      • A.K. Head
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 6 9 9 7 4
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 6 0 1 4 7 6
      Computed Electron Micrographs and Defect Identification illustrates a technique for identifying defects in crystalline solids by the comparison of their images, which are produced in the electron microscope, with corresponding theoretical images. This book discusses the diffraction of electrons by a crystal; the two-beam dynamical equations; the absorption parameters; the deviation of the crystal from the Bragg reflecting position; the extinction distance; the displacement vector; and the foil normal. Chapter three presents the experimental techniques for determination of beam direction, defect line normal, foil normal, foil thickness, and extinction distance. Chapters four to seven explore ONEDIS and TWODIS and their principles. Chapters eight and nine focus on the application and limitations of the technique, while the last chapter explores the different computer programs related to the technique. Post-graduate students, as well as researchers using transmission electron microscopy for studying defects in crystalline solids, will find this book invaluable.

    • Case Studies in Atomic Physics 4

      • 1st Edition
      • December 2, 2012
      • E McDaniel
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 6 9 9 5 0
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 6 0 1 3 4 6
      Case Studies in Atomic Physics IV presents a collection of six case studies in atomic physics. The first study deals with the correspondence identities associated with the Coulomb potential: the Rutherford scattering identity, the Bohr-Sommerfeld identity, and the Fock identity. The second paper reviews advances in recombination. This is followed by a three-part study on relativistic self-consistent field (SCF) calculations. The first part considers relativistic SCF calculations in general, and in particular discusses different configurational averaging techniques and various statistical exchange approximations. The second part reviews the relativistic theory of hyperfine structure. The third part makes a number of comparisons between experimental results and values obtained in different SCF schemes, with exact as well as approximate exchange. The next case study on pseudopotentials compares the results of model potential and pseudopotential calculations. The final study reviews, on a kinetic basis, the behavior of low density ion swarms in a neutral gas.

    • Magnetism And Metallurgy Of Soft Magnetic Materials

      • 1st Edition
      • December 2, 2012
      • C.W. Chem
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 6 9 9 3 6
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 6 0 1 1 9 3
      Magnetism and Metallurgy of Soft Magnetic Materials consistently and coherently presents the principles underlying the intrinsic and applied properties of soft magnets. This book is divided into two parts, focusing on magnetism and metallurgy. The first part of this book provides the various kinds of magnetism and the fundamental quantities of magnetism, such as magnetic poles, magnetic dipole, magnetic moment, magnetic field and magnetic induction. The second and third chapters focus on the theories of ferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism, as well as their domain structure and magnetization processes. The next chapter deals with the different magnetic properties, such as the intrinsic properties and the two structure-sensitive properties, the static properties and the dynamic properties. The second half of this book deals with the metallurgy and application of soft magnetic materials, such as the pure iron and steels, iron-silicon alloys, nickel-iron alloys, iron-cobalt alloys, ferrites, and thin films. Finally, this book offers special topics on radiation effects and magnetic bubbles and devices.

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