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Elsevier

Books in Earth and planetary sciences

Elsevier's Earth and Planetary Sciences collection brings together pioneering research on the complexities of our planet and beyond. Covering topics from Earth's structural dynamics and ecosystems to planetary exploration, these titles support advancements in geoscience, environmental science, and space studies, offering essential insights for researchers, professionals, and students.

  • Climate Change Biology

    • 2nd Edition
    • Lee Hannah
    • English
    Climate Change Biology, 2e examines the evolving discipline of human-induced climate change and the resulting shifts in the distributions of species and the timing of biological events. The text focuses on understanding the impacts of human-induced climate change by drawing on multiple lines of evidence, including paleoecology, modeling, and current observation. This revised and updated second edition emphasizes impacts of human adaptation to climate change on nature and greater emphasis on natural processes and cycles and specific elements. With four new chapters, an increased emphasis on tools for critical thinking, and a new glossary and acronym appendix, Climate Change Biology, 2e is the ideal overview of this field.

  • Wave Fields in Real Media

    Wave Propagation in Anisotropic, Anelastic, Porous and Electromagnetic Media
    • 3rd Edition
    • Volume 38
    • José M. Carcione
    • English
    Authored by the internationally renowned José M. Carcione, Wave Fields in Real Media: Wave Propagation in Anisotropic, Anelastic, Porous and Electromagnetic Media examines the differences between an ideal and a real description of wave propagation, starting with the introduction of relevant stress-strain relations. The combination of this relation and the equations of momentum conservation lead to the equation of motion. The differential formulation is written in terms of memory variables, and Biot's theory is used to describe wave propagation in porous media. For each rheology, a plane-wave analysis is performed in order to understand the physics of wave propagation. This book contains a review of the main direct numerical methods for solving the equation of motion in the time and space domains. The emphasis is on geophysical applications for seismic exploration, but researchers in the fields of earthquake seismology, rock acoustics, and material science - including many branches of acoustics of fluids and solids - may also find this text useful. New to this edition:This new edition presents the fundamentals of wave propagation in Anisotropic, Anelastic, Porous Media while also incorporating the latest research from the past 7 years, including that of the author. The author presents all the equations and concepts necessary to understand the physics of wave propagation. These equations form the basis for modeling and inversion of seismic and electromagnetic data. Additionally, demonstrations are given, so the book can be used to teach post-graduate courses. Addition of new and revised content is approximately 30%.

  • Optical Radiometry for Ocean Climate Measurements

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 47
    • English
    This book presents the state-of-the-art of optical remote sensing applied for the generation of marine climate-quality data products, with contributions by international experts in the field. The chapters are logically grouped into six thematic parts, each introduced by a brief overview. The different parts include: i. requirements for the generation of climate data records from satellite ocean measurements and additionally basic radiometry principles addressing terminology, standards, measurement equation and uncertainties; ii. satellite visible and thermal infrared radiometry embracing instrument design, characterization and, pre- and post-launch calibration; iii. in situ visible and thermal infrared radiometry including overviews on basic principles, technology and measurements methods required to support satellite missions devoted to climate change investigations; iv. simulations as fundamental tools to support interpretation and analysis of both in situ and satellite radiometric measurements; v. strategies for in situ radiometry to satisfy mission requirements for the generation of climate data records; and finally, vi. methods for the assessment of satellite data products. Fundamentals of measurement theory are taken through to implementation of practical ground based radiometers and their application to validate satellite data used to generate climate data records. This book presents practical solutions for those involved or contemplating the validation of optical climate measurements from satellite instruments.

  • Geoethics

    Ethical Challenges and Case Studies in Earth Sciences
    • 1st Edition
    • Max Wyss + 1 more
    • English
    Edited by two experts in the area, Geoethics: Ethical Challenges and Case Studies in Earth Sciences addresses a range of topics surrounding the concept of ethics in geoscience, making it an important reference for any Earth scientist with a growing concern for sustainable development and social responsibility. This book will provide the reader with some obvious and some hidden information you need for understanding where experts have not served the public, what more could have been done to reach and serve the public and the ethical issues surrounding the Earth Sciences, from a global perspective.

  • Elements of Petroleum Geology

    • 3rd Edition
    • Richard C. Selley + 1 more
    • English
    This Third Edition of Elements of Petroleum Geology is completely updated and revised to reflect the vast changes in the field since publication of the Second Edition. This book is a usefulprimer for geophysicists, geologists, and petroleum engineers in the oil industry who wish to expand their knowledge beyond their specialized area. It is also an excellent introductory text for a university course in petroleum geoscience.Elements of Petroleum Geology begins with an account of the physical and chemical properties of petroleum, reviewing methods of petroleum exploration and production. These methods include drilling, geophysical exploration techniques, wireline logging, and subsurface geological mapping. After describing the temperatures and pressures of the subsurface environment and the hydrodynamics of connate fluids, Selley examines the generation and migration of petroleum, reservoir rocks and trapping mechanisms, and the habit of petroleum in sedimentary basins. The book contains an account of the composition and formation of tar sands and oil shales, and concludes with a brief review of prospect risk analysis, reserve estimation, and other economic topics.

  • Surface Wave Analysis for Near Surface Applications

    • 1st Edition
    • Giancarlo Dal Moro
    • English
    Seismic Wave Analysis for Near Surface Applications presents the foundational tools necessary to properly analyze surface waves acquired according to both active and passive techniques. Applications range from seismic hazard studies, geotechnical surveys and the exploration of extra-terrestrial bodies. Surface waves have become critical to near-surface geophysics both for geotechnical goals and seismic-hazard studies. Included in this book are the related theories, approaches and applications which the lead editor has assembled from a range of authored contributions carefully selected from the latest developments in research. A unique blend of theory and practice, the book’s concepts are based on exhaustive field research conducted over the past decade from the world’s leading seismologists and geophysicists.

  • The Guide to Oilwell Fishing Operations

    Tools, Techniques, and Rules of Thumb
    • 2nd Edition
    • Joe P. DeGeare
    • English
    Unpredictable, unwanted, and costly, oil and gas well fishing is not a typical practice for drilling, workover and completion projects, but roughly one in every five wells experience this intervention. To stay on top, The Guide to Oilwell Fishing Operations, Second Edition will keep fishing tool product managers, drilling managers and all other well intervention specialists keyed in to all the latest tools, techniques and rules of thumb critical to conventional and complex wellbore projects, such as extended reach horizontal wells, thru-tubing, and coiled tubing operations. Strengthened with updated material and a new chapter on wellbore cleaning, The Guide to Oilwell Fishing Operations, Second Edition ensures that the life of the well will be saved no matter the unforeseen circumstances. Crucial aspects include: Enhancements with updated equipment, technology, and a new chapter on wellbore cleaning methods Additional input from worldwide service companies, providing a more comprehensive balance Remains the only all-inclusive guide exclusively devoted to fishing tools, techniques, and rules of thumb

  • Snow and Ice-Related Hazards, Risks, and Disasters

    • 1st Edition
    • English
    Snow and Ice-Related Hazards, Risks, and Disasters provides you with the latest scientific developments in glacier surges and melting, ice shelf collapses, paleo-climate reconstruction, sea level rise, climate change implications, causality, impacts, preparedness, and mitigation. It takes a geo-scientific approach to the topic while also covering current thinking about directly related social scientific issues that can adversely affect ecosystems and global economies.

  • Coastal Risk Management in a Changing Climate

    • 1st Edition
    • Barbara Zanuttigh + 4 more
    • English
    Existing coastal management and defense approaches are not well suited to meet the challenges of climate change and related uncertanities. Professionals in this field need a more dynamic, systematic and multidisciplinary approach. Written by an international group of experts, Coastal Risk Management in a Changing Climate provides innovative, multidisciplinary best practices for mitigating the effects of climate change on coastal structures. Based on the Theseus program, the book includes eight study sites across Europe, with specific attention to the most vulnerable coastal environments such as deltas, estuaries and wetlands, where many large cities and industrial areas are located.

  • Field Geology in the British Isles

    A Guide to Regional Excursions
    • 1st Edition
    • J. G. C. Anderson
    • English
    The first book to cover geological excursions for the whole of the British Isles. Information on the best means of studying geology in the field in the British Isles is followed by descriptions of 194 geological itineraries based on a number of centres and a final chapter on the geology evident on 31 journeys by road, rail and coastal boat. Sketch maps indicate the routes of all the excursions with maps showing the geology of each region. These are detailed for those areas for which modern geological maps are not available.

  • Handbook of Flotation Reagents: Chemistry, Theory and Practice

    Volume 3: Flotation of Industrial Minerals
    • 1st Edition
    • Srdjan M. Bulatovic
    • English
    Handbook of Flotation Reagents: Chemistry, Theory and Practice is a condensed form of the fundamental knowledge of chemical reagents commonly used in flotation and is addressed to the researchers and plant metallurgists who employ these reagents. This book consists of three distinct parts: part 1 provides detailed description of the chemistry used in mineral processing industry; part 2 describes theoretical aspects of the action of flotation reagents, while part 3 provides information on the use of reagents in over 100 operating plants treating Cu, Cu/Zn, Cu/Pb, Zn, Pb/Zn/Ag, Cu/Ni and Ni ores.

  • Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences

    • 2nd Edition
    • Gerald R. North + 2 more
    • English
    Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, Second Edition, Six Volume Set is an authoritative resource covering all aspects of atmospheric sciences, including both theory and applications. With more than 320 articles and 1,600 figures and photographs, this revised version of the award-winning first edition offers comprehensive coverage of this important field. The six volumes in this set contain broad-ranging articles on topics such as atmospheric chemistry, biogeochemical cycles, boundary layers, clouds, general circulation, global change, mesoscale meteorology, ozone, radar, satellite remote sensing, and weather prediction. The Encyclopedia is an ideal resource for academia, government, and industry in the fields of atmospheric, ocean, and environmental sciences. It is written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with the latest information in the field.

  • Experiments in Reduced Gravity

    Sediment Settling on Mars
    • 1st Edition
    • Nikolaus Kuhn
    • English
    Experiments in Reduced Gravity: Sediment Settling on Mars is the first book to be published that reflects experiments conducted on Martian geomorphology in reduced gravity. This brief yet important book on sediment experiments assesses the theoretical and empirical foundation of the models used to analyze the increasing information we have on the past geography on Mars. The book also evaluates the need to develop new methods for analyzing new information by providing a conceptual outline and a case study on how experiments can be used to test current theoretical considerations. The conceptual approach to identifying the need for and role of experiments will be of interest to planetary scientists and geoscientists not necessarily involved with Mars, but those using experiments in their research who can apply the book’s concepts.

  • Methods of Foundation Engineering

    • 1st Edition
    • Z. Bažant
    • English
    Methods of Foundation Engineering covers the theory, analysis, and practice of foundation engineering, as well as its soil mechanics and structural design aspects and principles. The book is divided into five parts encompassing 21 chapters. Part A is of an introductory character and presents a brief review of the various types of foundation structures used in civil engineering and their historical development. Part B provides the theoretical fundamentals of soil and rock mechanics, which are of importance for foundation design. Part C deals with the design of the footing area of spread footings and discusses the shallow foundation methods. Part D describes the methods of deep foundations, while Part E is devoted to special foundation methods. Each chapter in Parts C to E starts with an introduction containing a synopsis of the matter being discussed and giving suggestions as to the choice of a suitable method of foundation. This is followed by a description of the methods generally used in practice. Simple analyses of structures, presented at the conclusion of each chapter, can be carried out by a pocket calculator. This book will prove useful to practicing civil and design engineers.

  • The Bearing Capacity of Building Foundations

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 21
    • A. Myslivec + 1 more
    • English
    The Bearing Capacity of Building Foundations describes the different ways of ultimate bearing capacity determination of building foundations. This four-chapter book considers the effect of a horizontal force acting on a foundation. It also examines a situation where, beneath the foundation level in the zone of influence of the foundation there are two layers of soil, including the case where the second, lower layer is formed by incompressible rock. A chapter explores the case where the subgrade consists of a number of heterogeneous strata of soil. The remaining chapters deal with the determination of the permissible load of a foundation and the safety factor, and also the contact stress in the foundation line, since this has a great influence on the dimensioning of foundation slabs. This book will prove useful to practicing civil engineers.

  • Practical and Applied Hydrogeology

    • 1st Edition
    • Zekâi Şen
    • English
    Applications in Hydrogeology for Geoscientists presents the most recent scientific developments in the field that are accessible yet rigorous enough for industry professionals and academic researchers alike. A multi-contributed reference that features the knowledge and experience of the field’s experts, the book’s chapters span the full scope of hydrogeology, introducing new approaches and progress in conceptualization, simulation of groundwater flow and transport, and progressive hydro-geophysical methods. Each chapter includes examples of recent developments in hydrogeology, groundwater, and hydrology that are underscored with perspectives regarding the challenges that are facing industry professionals, researchers, and academia. Several sub-themes—including theoretical advances in conceptualization and modeling of hydro-geologic challenges—connect the chapters and weave the topics together holistically. Advances in research are aided by insights arising from observations from both field and laboratory work.

  • Fossil Fungi

    • 1st Edition
    • Thomas N Taylor + 2 more
    • English
    Fungi are ubiquitous in the world and responsible for driving the evolution and governing the sustainability of ecosystems now and in the past. Fossil Fungi is the first encyclopedic book devoted exclusively to fossil fungi and their activities through geologic time. The book begins with the historical context of research on fossil fungi (paleomycology), followed by how fungi are formed and studied as fossils, and their age. The next six chapters focus on the major lineages of fungi, arranging them in phylogenetic order and placing the fossils within a systematic framework. For each fossil the age and provenance are provided. Each chapter provides a detailed introduction to the living members of the group and a discussion of the fossils that are believed to belong in this group. The extensive bibliography (~ 2700 entries) includes papers on both extant and fossil fungi. Additional chapters include lichens, fungal spores, and the interactions of fungi with plants, animals, and the geosphere. The final chapter includes a discussion of fossil bacteria and other organisms that are fungal-like in appearance, and known from the fossil record. The book includes more than 475 illustrations, almost all in color, of fossil fungi, line drawings, and portraits of people, as well as a glossary of more than 700 mycological and paleontological terms that will be useful to both biologists and geoscientists.

  • Geothermal Resources: An Energy Alternative

    • 1st Edition
    • H.K. Gupta
    • English
    Developments in Economic Geology, 12: Geothermal Resources: An Energy Alternative focuses on the consideration of geothermal resources as alternative energy sources. The publication first elaborates on the energy outlook, basic concepts, and heat transfer. Discussions focus on temperature, heat, and its storage, heat conduction, radiation, and convection, temperatures within the earth and heat flow, volcanoes and plate tectonics, geothermal resource assessment for the U.S., and recoverability from U.S. geothermal resources. The text then ponders on geothermal systems and resources, exploration techniques, and assessment and exploitation. Concerns cover drilling technology, reservoir physics and engineering, geological and hydrological techniques, geochemical techniques, and types of geothermal systems. The book takes a look at the world-wide status of geothermal resource utilization and the Cerro Prieto geothermal field in Mexico, including geothermal manifestations, transportation of steam, and environmental factors and waste disposal. The publication is a valuable reference for alternative energy experts and researchers interested in geothermal energy resources.

  • Understanding Geology Through Maps

    • 1st Edition
    • Graham Borradaile
    • English
    Understanding Geology through Maps guides young professional geologists and students alike in understanding and interpreting the world’s dynamic and varying geological landscapes through the liberal use of visual aids including figures, maps, and diagrams. This highly visual reference introduces the skills of interpreting a geological map and relating it to the morphology of the most important types of geological structure. Thoroughly revised, and with more international examples, it is ideal for use by students with a minimum of tutorial supervision. Maps of geological structures provide all of the realism of a survey map without the huge amount of data often present, so readers can develop or hone their skills without becoming overwhelmed or confused. In particular, emphasis is placed throughout on developing the skill of three-dimensional visualization so important to geologists.

  • Data Analysis Methods in Physical Oceanography

    • 3rd Edition
    • Richard E. Thomson + 1 more
    • English
    Data Analysis Methods in Physical Oceanography, Third Edition is a practical reference to established and modern data analysis techniques in earth and ocean sciences. Its five major sections address data acquisition and recording, data processing and presentation, statistical methods and error handling, analysis of spatial data fields, and time series analysis methods. The revised Third Edition updates the instrumentation used to collect and analyze physical oceanic data and adds new techniques including Kalman Filtering. Additionally, the sections covering spectral, wavelet, and harmonic analysis techniques are completely revised since these techniques have attracted significant attention over the past decade as more accurate and efficient data gathering and analysis methods.

  • Cloud Dynamics

    • 2nd Edition
    • Volume 104
    • Robert A. Houze Jr.
    • English
    As models of the Earth/atmosphere system and observations become ever more sophisticated, and concerns about climate change and societal impacts of extreme weather and its forecasting grow, understanding the role of clouds in the atmosphere is increasingly vital. Cloud Dynamics, Second Edition provides the essential information needed to understand how clouds affect climate and weather. This comprehensive book examines the underlying physics and dynamics of every specific type of cloud that occurs in the Earth's atmosphere, showing how clouds differ dynamically depending on whether they occur over oceans or mountains, or as parts of atmospheric storms, such as thunderstorms, tropical cyclones, or warm and cold fronts. Covering both the microphysical and macrophysical aspects of clouds, the book treats all of the physical scales involved in cloud processes, from the microscale of the individual drops and ice particles up to scales of storms in which the clouds occur. As observational technology advances with increasingly sophisticated remote sensing capabilities, detailed understanding of how the dynamics and physics of clouds affect the quantities being measured is of paramount importance. This book underpins the work necessary for proper interpretation of these observations, now and in the future.

  • Plankton & Productivity in the Oceans

    Volume 1: Phytoplankton
    • 2nd Edition
    • J. E. G. Raymont
    • English
    Although Volume 1 deals mainly with phytoplankton, it ends with a comparison of the primary productivity of different major regions and of the factors responsible for varying production.

  • Statistics for Geoscientists

    • 1st Edition
    • D. Marsal + 1 more
    • English
    Presents nearly all the important elementary and analytical methods of statistics, designed for the needs of the geoscientist and completely free from higher mathematics. Translated from the second German edition.

  • Ocean Acoustic Propagation by Finite Difference Methods

    • 1st Edition
    • D. Lee + 1 more
    • English
    A concise guide to the theory and application of numerical methods for predicting ocean acoustic propagation, also providing an introduction to numerical methods, with an overview of those methods presently in use. An in-depth development of the implicit-finite-diff... technique is presented together with bench-mark test examples included to demonstrate its application to realistic ocean environments. Other applications include atmospheric acoustics, plasma physics, quantum mechanics, optics and seismology.

  • Phytolyth Analysis

    An Archaeological and Geological Perspective
    • 1st Edition
    • Dolores R. Piperno
    • English
    This is a methodological guide to the use of plant opal phytolith analysis in paleoenvironmental and paleoecological reconstruction. It is the first book-length treatment of this promising technique, which has undergone rapid development within the past few years and is now beginning to be used with considerable success by paleobotanists who serve the archaeological and paleontological research communities. It will be mandatory reading for all paleobotanists, paleoecologists, and archaeological scientists.

  • Principles of Electromagnetic Methods in Surface Geophysics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 45
    • Alex Kaufman + 2 more
    • English
    Principles of Electromagnetic Methods in Surface Geophysics contains information about the theory of electromagnetic fields in a conducting media. It describes the theoretical and physical principles of the main geophysical methods using electromagnetic fields, including frequency and transient soundings, electromagnetic profiling, and magnetotelluric soundings. Special attention is paid to models and signal processing methods used in modern exploration geophysics for groundwater, mineral and hydrocarbon exploration.

  • Natural Gas Hydrates

    A Guide for Engineers
    • 3rd Edition
    • John Carroll
    • English
    Rarely covered in formal engineering courses, natural gas hydrates are a common problem and real-life danger for engineers worldwide. Updated and more practical than ever, Natural Gas Hydrates, Third Edition helps managers and engineers get up to speed on all the most common hydrate types, how to forecast when they will appear, and safely mitigate their removal. Known for being highly flammable, gas hydrates are a preventable threat that can costs millions of dollars in damage, as well as take the lives of workers and engineers on the rig. The third edition of Natural Gas Hydrates is enhanced with today’s more complex yet practical utilization needs including: New hydrate types and formers, including mercaptans and other sulfur compounds Vital information on how to handle hydrate formation in the wellbore, useful information in light of the Macondo explosion and resulting oil spill More detailed phase diagrams, such as ternary systems, as well as more relevant multicomponent mixtures

  • Earthquakes and Coseismic Surface Faulting on the Iranian Plateau

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 17
    • Manuel Berberian
    • English
    Earthquakes and Coseismic Surface Faulting on the Iranian Plateau is a comprehensive and well-illustrated multi-disciplinary research work that analyzes the human and physical aspects of the active faults and large-magnitude earthquakes since ancient times on the Iranian Plateau. The long-term historical, archaeological, and sociological record of earthquakes discussed here gives insight into earthquake magnitudes, recurrences, fault segmentation, clustering, and patterns of coseismic ruptures from prehistoric times to the present. The first part of the book examines oral traditions and literature of the region concerned with earthquakes, particularly in folklore, epic literature, and theology. The second part assesses dynamic phenomena associated with earthquakes, including active tectonics, archaeoseismicity, and coseismic surface faulting throughout the twentieth century. This work is a valuable technical survey and an essential reference for understanding seismic hazard analysis and earthquake risk minimization in earthquake-prone developing and developed countries throughout the world.

  • Earthquake Hazard, Risk and Disasters

    • 1st Edition
    • Rasoul Sorkhabi
    • English
    Earthquake Hazard, Risk, and Disasters presents the latest scientific developments and reviews of research addressing seismic hazard and seismic risk, including causality rates, impacts on society, preparedness, insurance and mitigation. The current controversies in seismic hazard assessment and earthquake prediction are addressed from different points of view. Basic tools for understanding the seismic risk and to reduce it, like paleoseismology, remote sensing, and engineering are discussed.

  • Coal Bed Methane

    From Prospect to Pipeline
    • 1st Edition
    • Pramod Thakur + 2 more
    • English
    Coal Bed Methane: From Prospect to Pipeline is the proceedings of the 25th anniversary of the North American Coal Bed Methane Forum. It provides the latest advancements in the production of coal bed methane covering a variety of topics, from exploration to gas processing, for commercial utilization. Additionally, it presents the origin of gas in coal, reservoir engineering, control of methane in coal mines, production techniques, water management, and gas processing. The vast coal resources in the United States continue to produce tremendous amounts of natural gas, contributing to a diverse range energy assets. Following a rapid advancement and subsequent plateau in technological developments, this book captures the full life cycle of a well and offers petroleum geologists and engineers a single source of a broad range of coal bed methane applications. This book addresses crucial technical topics, including exploration and evaluation of coal bed reservoirs; hydraulic fracturing of CBM wells; coal seam degasification; and production engineering and processing, among others. It also covers legal issues, permitting, and economic analysis of CBM projects.

  • Geology of the China Seas

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 6
    • Pinxian Wang + 2 more
    • English
    Geology of the China Seas represents the first English-language synthesis of the available research into the geology of the South and East China Seas. Among the marginal basins worldwide, these areas have been the focus of extensive research activities in the last three decades, and are now among the global hot spots in hydrocarbon explorations and scientific investigations. The region is experiencing rapid economic development with the offshore petroleum industry providing approximately one third of the domestic hydrocarbon production for mainland China. Gas hydrates have been successfully recovered from the China Seas for the first time. Over the years, many volumes on the geology of the China Seas have been published in Chinese. Although an increasing number of papers in English have appeared recently, the majority deal with local or regional paleo-environment and sedimentology, and are scattered in different journals. This book brings together this rich data in one resource, particularly that generated by Chinese marine geologists and petroleum geologists, and provides the very first synthesis of the geology off China.

  • Casing and Liners for Drilling and Completion

    Design and Application
    • 2nd Edition
    • Ted G. Byrom
    • English
    Once thought of as niche technology, operators today are utilizing more opportunities with casing and liners as formations and environments grow in difficulty, especially with the unconventional oil and gas boom. Casing and liners for Drilling and Completions, 2nd Edition provides the engineer and well designer with up-to-date information on critical properties, mechanics, design basics and newest applications for today’s type of well. Renovated and simplified to cover operational considerations, pressure loads, and selection steps, this handbook gives you the knowledge to execute the essential and fundamental features of casing and liners. Bonus features include: Additional glossary added to explain oil field terminology New appendix on useful every day formulas such as axial stress, shear stress in tubes and principal stress components Listing section of acronyms, notations, symbols and constants for quick reference

  • Natural Resources in Afghanistan

    Geographic and Geologic Perspectives on Centuries of Conflict
    • 1st Edition
    • John F. Shroder
    • English
    Natural Resources in Afghanistan: Geographic and Geologic Perspectives on Centuries of Conflict details Afghanistan's physical geography — namely climate, soils, vegetation, water, hazards, and basic geologic background and terrain landforms — together with details of its rich natural resources, ethnic problems, and relevant past histories. The book couples these details with the challenges of environmental degradation and new environmental management and protection, all of which are considered finally in both pessimistic and optimistic modes. The reader comes away with a nuanced understanding of the issues that are likely to have great affect for this pivotal region of the world for decades to come. With an estimated $1-3 trillion dollars of ore in the ground, and multiple cross-reinforcing cancellations of big Asian power machinations (China, India, Iran, Pakistan), Afghanistan has an opportunity to gain more economic independence. At the same time, however, historic forces of negativity also pull it back toward the chaos and uncertainty that has defined the country and constrained its economic progress for decades.

  • Recent Advances in Geomathematics - An International Symposium

    • 1st Edition
    • D.F. Merriam
    • English
    Computers & Geology, Volume 2: Recent Advances in Geomathematics: An International Symposium focuses on the advancements of methodologies, processes, and approaches in geomathematics. The selection first offers information on the multivariate analysis of compositional data of bioclastic carbonate sediments from the Lady Musgrave Reef and Great Barrier Reef in Australia and engineering evaluation of seabed sediments by cluster analysis. Topics include geotechnical mapping, survey, and numerical analysis. The manuscript then ponders on multivariate analysis in the characterization of limestone units based on minor- and trace-element contents; influence on the chemical composition of Pennsylvanian limestones in Kansas; and multivariate analysis of allometry using morphometric measurements. The publication elaborates on the basic concepts and advantages of formalized stratigraphy and distance dependence of stratigraphic correlation. Discussions focus on definition and measures for the accuracy of correlation, measurements on natural sections, problems in traditional stratigraphy, and formalized type of problems and solutions. Observations on the statistical properties of polarity reversals, three-dimensional interpolation, and computerized modeling for shape analysis in geology are also mentioned. The selection is a valuable reference for geologists and readers interested in geomathematics.

  • Automation in Mining, Mineral and Metal Processing

    Proceedings of The 3Rd Ifac Symposium, Montreal, Canada 18-20 August 1980
    • 1st Edition
    • J. O'Shea + 1 more
    • English
    Automation in Mining, Mineral and Metal Processing covers the proceedings of the Third International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) symposium. The book discusses techniques and methods of automatic control and of system analysis for use in mining, mineral, and metal processing industries. Comprised of 69 chapters, the text presents theories, applications, operations, and maintenance of automation systems in an industrial environment. The topics covered are also relevant in solving various issues in the mining, mineral, and metal processing industries, such as pollution, safety, energy efficiency, human resource, and materials through the implementation of an unmanned system. This book will be of great interest to professionals especially those who are contemplating the use of automated system.

  • Mathematical Models for Planning and Controlling Air Quality

    Proceedings of an October 1979 IIASA Workshop
    • 1st Edition
    • Giorgio Fronza + 1 more
    • English
    Mathematical Models for Planning and Controlling Air Quality documents the proceedings of an IIASA Workshop on Mathematical Models for Planning and Controlling Air Quality, October 1979. The Workshop had two goals. The first was to contribute to bridging the gap between air-quality modeling and management. The second was to consider an unusual air-quality control strategy: namely, real-time emission control. The book is organized into two parts, corresponding roughly to the two goals outlined above. Part One examines the role of mathematical models in air-quality planning and includes: a presentation of a decision maker's viewpoint; illustrations of various types of models (descriptive and/or decision models) available to decision makers; assessments of the role of models in actual decision making; and two papers on the more traditional question of the significance and range of application of descriptive models, i.e., of models that represent the physics of the air-pollution phenomenon. Part Two is devoted primarily to real-time control. It includes a presentation of the IIASA case study of the Venetian lagoon; and papers on various aspects of this research; on alternative concentration predictors; and descriptions of implementations of real-time forecast and control schemes in Japan and Italy.

  • Marine and Offshore Corrosion

    Marine Engineering Series
    • 1st Edition
    • Kenneth A Chandler
    • English
    Marine and Offshore Corrosion describes the principles of effective corrosion control treatments in marine environments, with emphasis on economic solutions to corrosion. The book explains chemical or electrochemical reaction of an alloy with its environment leading to corrosion, and mechanical loss of the metal by erosion, abrasion, or wear resulting also in corrosion. A main consideration of erosion control that the engineer should look into is the economic side. Other considerations that he should investigate are the strength of a structure, time for construction, availability of materials, and costs. The book also discusses the marine environment consisting of sea water, temperature fluctuations, dissolved gases, hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, carbon dioxide, electrical conductivity, fouling. The text describes the selection of materials to be used in marine environments, surface preparation of steel before painting, the type of paint, and metallic coatings. Some of the factors in selecting coating systems are: cost and estimated life before the first scheduled maintenance, adhesion properties, moisture tolerance, elasticity, chemical resistance, impact resistance, bacterial resistance. The factors affecting maintenance include environmental conditions, quality of initial protection applied, type of structure, as well as the design and purpose of the structure. The book has been prepared for engineers and designers who are not corrosion specialists but have to deal with marine corrosion problems as part of their day-to-day professional activities. The text will also turn out to be useful for engineers with general interest in structure, building, or machinery maintenance specially those located near coastal areas.

  • Geochemical Exploration 1980

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 15
    • A.W. Rose + 1 more
    • English
    Developments in Economic Geology, 15: Geochemical Exploration 1980 focuses on practices, processes, methodologies, and principles involved in geochemical exploration. The selection first takes a look at the simultaneous determination of sulfide, polysulfides, and thiosulfate as an aid to ore exploration; hydrogeochemical exploration for uranium ore deposits; and mercury and mercury compounds in surface air, soil gas, soils, and rocks. Discussions focus on the methods of mercury analysis, calibration, sensitivity and computations, exploration, titration of hydrogen sulfide, polysulfides, thiosulfate and sulfite, and leaching of a sulfide deposit by percolating water. The book then examines meteorological noise in crustal gas emission and relevance to geochemical exploration; a mercury vapor survey in an area of thick transported overburden in Shanghai, China; and mechanisms of ore formation and primary dispersion at the Dexing porphyry copper deposit in Jiangxi and their implications to geochemical exploration. The publication explores the organic matter of a gulf coast well studied by a thermal analysis; selective extraction procedures applied to geochemical prospecting in an area contaminated by old mine workings; and application of radionuclide energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis in geochemical prospecting. The selection is a vital source of data for researchers interested in geochemical exploration.

  • Seismic Exploration of Hydrocarbons in Heterogeneous Reservoirs

    New Theories, Methods and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Jing Ba + 4 more
    • English
    Seismic Exploration of Hydrocarbons in Heterogeneous Reservoirs: New Theories, Methods and Applications is based on the field research conducted over the past decade by an authoring team of five of the world’s leading geoscientists. In recent years, the exploration targets of world's oil companies have become more complex. The direct detection of hydrocarbons based on seismic wave data in heterogeneous oil/gas reservoirs has become a hot spot in the research of applied and exploration geophysics. The relevant theories, approaches and applications, which the authors have worked on for years and have established mature technical processes for industrial application, are of significant meaning to the further study and practice of engineers, researchers and students in related area.

  • Canal and River Levées

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 29
    • P. Peter
    • English
    Canal and River Levées covers the fundamental principles of canal embankments and levées calculation and design. Canal embankments and levées are amongst the world's oldest hydroengineering structures. This book is divided into seven chapters that focus on solving the problems of protecting control levees, which sometimes called anti-flood or anti-inundation dykes. The opening chapter surveys the general problems of dam design and construction. The next chapters deal with the basic characteristics, determination, experimental methods, and calculations of seepage, as well as the stability calculations and embankment settlement. These topics are followed by discussions of the local conditions and demands relating to the construction of embankments and their various concrete structures. Other chapters explore the requirements of power- and irrigation-canal sealing and the subsoil protection of levees. The last chapter looks into the measurements, general requirements, and observation of dams and levees. This book is intended primarily for civil engineering designers.

  • Encyclopedia of the Solar System

    • 3rd Edition
    • Tilman Spohn + 2 more
    • English
    The Encyclopedia of the Solar System, Third Edition—winner of the 2015 PROSE Award in Cosmology & Astronomy from the Association of American Publishers—provides a framework for understanding the origin and evolution of the solar system, historical discoveries, and details about planetary bodies and how they interact—with an astounding breadth of content and breathtaking visual impact. The encyclopedia includes the latest explorations and observations, hundreds of color digital images and illustrations, and over 1,000 pages. It stands alone as the definitive work in this field, and will serve as a modern messenger of scientific discovery and provide a look into the future of our solar system. New additions to the third edition reflect the latest progress and growth in the field, including past and present space missions to the terrestrial planets, the outer solar systems and space telescopes used to detect extrasolar planets.

  • Elastic Wave Field Extrapolation

    Redatuming of Single- and Multi-Component Seismic Data
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • C.P.A. Wapenaar
    • A. J. Berkhout
    • English
    Extrapolation of seismic waves from the earth's surface to any level in the subsurface plays an essential role in many advanced seismic processing schemes, such as migration, inverse scattering and redatuming. At present these schemes are based on the acoustic wave equation. This means not only that S-waves (shear waves) are ignored, but also that P-waves (compressional waves) are not handled correctly. In the seismic industry there is an important trend towards multi-component data acquisition. For processing of multi-component seismic data, ignoring S-waves can no longer be justified. Wave field extrapolation should therefore be based on the full elastic wave equation.In this book the authors review acoustic one-way extrapolation of P-waves and introduce elastic one-way extrapolation of P- and S-waves. They demonstrate that elastic extrapolation of multi-component data, decomposed into P- and S-waves, is essentially equivalent to acoustic extrapolation of P-waves. This has the important practical consequence that elastic processing of multi-component seismic data need not be significantly more complicated than acoustic processing of single-component seismic data. This is demonstrated in the final chapters, which deal with the application of wave field extrapolation in the redatuming process of single- and multi-component seismic data.Geophysicists, and anyone who is interested in a review of acoustic and elastic wave theory, will find this book useful. It is also a suitable textbook for graduate students and those following courses in elastic wave field extrapolation as each subject is introduced in a relatively simple manner using the scalar acoustic wave equation. In the chapters on elastic wave field extrapolation the formulation, whenever possible, is analogous to that used in the chapters on acoustic wave field extrapolation. The text is illustrated throughout and a bibliography and keyword index are provided.

  • Mining Geophysics

    • 2nd Edition
    • Volume 3
    • D.S. Parasnis
    • English

  • Soil Dynamics and Liquefaction

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 42
    • A.S. Cakmak
    • English
    Despite advances in the field of geotechnical earthquake engineering, earthquakes continue to cause loss of life and property in one part of the world or another. The Third International Conference on Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA, 22nd to 24th June 1987, provided an opportunity for participants from all over the world to share their expertise to enhance the role of mechanics and other disciplines as they relate to earthquake engineering. The edited proceedings of the conference are published in four volumes. This volume covers: Constitutive Relations in Soil Dynamics, Liquefaction of Soils, and Experimental Soil Dynamics. With its companion volumes, it is hoped that it will contribute to the further development of techniques, methods and innovative approaches in soil dynamics and earthquake engineering.

  • Soil-Structure Interaction

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 43
    • A.S. Cakmak
    • English
    Despite advances in the field of geotechnical earthquake engineering, earthquakes continue to cause loss of life and property in one part of the world or another. The Third International Conference on Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA, 22nd to 24th June 1987, provided an opportunity for participants from all over the world to share their expertise to enhance the role of mechanics and other disciplines as they relate to earthquake engineering. The edited proceedings of the conference are published in four volumes. This volume covers: Soil Structure Interaction under Dynamic Loads, Vibration of Machine Foundations, and Base Isolation in Earthquake Engineering. With its companion volumes, it is hoped that it will contribute to the further development of techniques, methods and innovative approaches in soil dynamics and earthquake engineering.

  • Volcanic Gas Reservoir Characterization

    • 1st Edition
    • Qiquan Ran + 4 more
    • English
    Volcanic gas reservoirs are the new natural gas frontier. Once thought too complex, too harsh on the drilling bit, and too difficult to characterize, reservoir engineers and petroleum geologists alike now manage more advanced seismic and logging tools, making these "impossible" field developments possible. Bridging meaningful information about these complicated provinces and linking various unconventional methods and techniques, Volcanic Gas Reservoir Characterization: Describes a set of leading-edge integrated volcanic gas reservoir characterization techniques, helping to ensure the effective development of the field Reveals the grade and relationship of volcanic stratigraphic sequence Presents field identification and prediction methods, and interpretation technology of reservoir parameters, relating these to similar complex fields such as shale These innovative approaches and creative methods have been successfully applied to actual development of volcanic gas reservoirs. By sharing the methods and techniques used in this region with reservoir engineers and petroleum geologists all over the world, those with better understanding of these unconventional basins will begin to consider volcanic rock like any other reservoir.

  • Geophysical Exploration Technology

    Applications in Lithological and Stratigraphic Reservoirs
    • 1st Edition
    • Ming Li
    • English
    Authored by one of the world’s hydrocarbon exploration experts, Geophysical Exploration Technology: Applications in Lithological and Stratigraphic Reservoirs presents the latest technological advancements and cutting edge techniques in reservoir theory, research and exploration. Stratigraphic and lithological reservoirs play a critical role in increasing the production from oil reserves and new hydrocarbon sources. Recent resource evaluations indicate that onshore stratigraphic and subtle reservoirs account for as much as 40% of the total remaining hydrocarbon sources globally. As a result, these reservoirs will be the most practical, potential and prevalent fields for long-lasting onshore exploration. Intended as an aid in developing an understanding of the techniques of reservoir exploration, this book presents the latest and most practical methods and technology in oil and gas exploration. It can be used as a training book for lithological stratigraphic exploration and a reference for scientific and technological personnel in the oil and gas industry.

  • Rock Mechanics in Hydroengineering

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 51
    • K. Thiel
    • English
    This book has been designed to provide a fundamental knowledge of the geological structure and properties of rocks and rock masses. It sets out laboratory and field methods for examining these media, presents physical and mechanical models used in their description, and reviews geotechnical classifications, discussing their use in solving various engineering tasks. Three basic problems of rock mechanics are discussed, namely, the distribution of stresses, the criteria and mechanisms of failure in rocks and rock masses, and the hydraulics of water flow in rock masses, together with effects associated with this flow. Attention is also paid to methods for solving basic engineering problems related to the behaviour of the bedrock on which various hydrostructures have been founded, are planned to be founded, or are in the process of being constructed.A prominent feature of the book is its methodical approach. It offers a sympathetic survey of the problems involved and enables the reader to select, according to the adopted criteria, an appropriate method for the solution of the engineering problem at hand by following the ready-to-use procedure included. In addition, numerous drawings, abundant tabulated data, and an extensive bibliography, permits the reader to gain a deeper knowledge of the problems under consideration.The book will be of interest to those concerned with hydrotechnical projects, lecturers and students in higher technical schools, and researchers investigating the problems of rock mechanics.

  • Geology of Tin Deposits

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 11
    • R.G. Taylor
    • English
    Developments in Economic Geology, 11: Geology of Tin Deposits focuses on the principles, methodologies, and approaches involved in the study of the geology of tin deposits. The book first tackles metallogenic provinces, primary tin deposits, and tin in the geochemical cycle. Topics include tin distribution, deposits associated with anorogenic granites and passive and/or batholithic magmatic environments, deposits related with terrestrial acid lava flows, classification of provinces and province analysis, and plate tectonics and tin provinces. The manuscript then ponders on the relationship between granitoids and tin concentration, significant geological features of tin deposits and their application in search techniques, and observations on large low grade tin ores. Concerns include tonnage-grade curves of various deposit types, porphyry tin deposits, geochemical prospecting, vein analysis, tin distribution and concentration mechanisms in the igneous environment, and trace element specialization. The text takes a look at the transport of tin in the formation of ore deposits, mineralogy and aspects of the crystal chemistry of tin, aspects of secondary deposits, and economic and management considerations. The publication is a dependable reference for researchers interested in the geology of tin deposits.

  • Stereographic Projection Technique

    • 1st Edition
    • P R LEYSHON + 1 more
    • English
    This book sets out to provide a simple introduction to the subject by means of illustrations and exercises, encouraging the student to visualise the problems concerned in three dimensions. Once an appreciation is gained of the nature of the problem, the formal solution using the projection becomes both logical and straightforward. The stereographic projection is an essential tool of the structural geologist which allows three-dimensional orientation data to be both represented and manipulated. It provides a way of graphically displaying the data collected. This is essential for the recognition and interpretation of patterns of preferred orientation. 'This is the book all teachers of stereographic projections have been waiting for! It is 115 pages of well-presented, clearly explained, generally well-illustrated text - in short it is user-friendly.' - Episodes - Int. Geoscience Newsmagazine, April 1996

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