An Introduction to the Study of Fabrics of Geological Bodies

1st Edition - October 22, 2013
Author: Bruno Sander
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 5 3 9 4 - 0

An Introduction to the Study of Fabrics of Geological Bodies introduces the reader to the method of fabric studies in accordance with the principles of symmetrology, with emphasis… Read more

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An Introduction to the Study of Fabrics of Geological Bodies introduces the reader to the method of fabric studies in accordance with the principles of symmetrology, with emphasis on the link between morphological and functional fabrics. Topics covered include affine and non-affine movement-pictures; movement and symmetry of tectonic deformation; tectonics and fluid mechanics; and movement and symmetry of apposition. Some examples of the use and definition of fabric studies are presented. This book is divided into two parts and begins with an overview of the concepts and objectives of fabric studies, paying particular attention to symmetry and rhythm in morphological and functional fabrics; the movement-picture of affine deformations; and non-affine deformation by gliding on a single set of planes. The discussion then turns to the distribution of planar and linear parallel-fabrics in geological bodies; constructive restoration of earlier geometry of tectonic fabrics; tectonics of intrusives with a high susceptibility to componental movement; and mechanical deformation and metamorphism of rocks. The general characteristics of grain-fabrics are also described. This monograph will be a useful resource for geologists and those working in the fields of mineralogy and petrography.

Translators Preface

Extracts from Author's Prefaces

Part I. The General Study of Fabrics, and Work on a Scale from Profile to Sand-specimen

I. Introduction to Concepts

1. General Concepts and Aims of Fabric Studies

2. Time and Fabric

3. Symmetry and Rhythm in Morphological and Functional Fabrics

4. The Movement-Picture of Affine Deformations

5. Examples of Affine and non-affine Movement-Pictures

6. Deformations of Fold-forms by Affine Shear on a Single Set of Planes

7. Non-affine Deformation by Gliding on a Single Set of Planes. Rotations

8. Movement and Symmetry of Tectonic Deformation. Plans and Coordinates in Tectonic Domains

9. Symmetrological Consideration of Anisotropic Functional and Morphological Fabrics in Superimposition and Homogeneous Penetration

10. Mechanical Stress and Deformation in a Homogeneous Medium as an Example of Functional Fabrics

11. Tectonic Strength Properties and Fabrics

12. Joints and Ruptures. Planar and Linear Schistosity

13. Tectonics and Fluid Mechanics

14. Movement and Symmetry of Apposition

II. The Treatment of Tectonic Analysis of Typical Fabrics Ranging in Scale from the Map to the Hand-specimen

1. Review of the Distribution of Planar and Linear Parallel-fabrics in Geological Bodies and of Appropriate Coordinate Axes

2. Plotting in Spherical Projection

3. B-axes and ß-axes

4. Time-relationship between Superimposed B-axes

5. Relative Direction of Componental Movements Perpendicular to B

6. Some Types of Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Tectonic Movement-pictures with Planar and Linear Parallel-fabrics (S—B-fabrics)

7. Constructive Restoration of Earlier Geometry of Tectonic Fabrics. Restoration to a Plane

III. Some Examples of the Use and Definition of Fabric Studies

A. Tectonics of Intrusives with a High Susceptibility to Componental Movement

B. Tectonics of Extrusive Flows

C. Fabrics and Surface Topography; "Fabric-relief"

D. Common Characteristics in the Symmetrology of Geological and of Biological Forms

Part II. Grain-fabrics

A. Mechanical Deformation and Metamorphism of Rocks

B. General Characteristics of the Grain-fabric

1. Rock Fabric and Physical Field

2. Statistical Fabric of Distribution and of Direction (Geneity and Tropy)

3. Measurement of Geneity and Tropy of Petrographic Fabrics

4. Representative Point-fields and Rock Fabrics

5. Density of Material and of Grains in the Fabric-picture of Component Fabrics

C. Optical Study and Representation of Grain-fabrics by Statistical Measurement of the Orientation of Anisotropic Fabric-elements

1. Introduction. Methods without a Universal Stage

2. Making and Plotting Universal Stage Measurements

3. Component Diagrams

4. Non-fortuitous Nature of Maxima and Minima in Grain-fabrics

5. Treatment of Diagrams (Rotation)

6. Sphere of Reference for Optical Vectors (Vo) and Genetic Vectors (Vg)

7. Preferred Orientation and the Process of Its Production

8. Characteristics of Homogeneous Distribution of Grains with Preferred Orientation

9. Equivalence of Measured Grains; Planimetric Diagrams

10. Summation of Diagrams; Synoptic Diagrams

D. Axial Distribution Analysis (A.V.A.) and the Synthesis of Fabrics according to Location and Orientation of Grains (Topotropy of Fabrics)

Direction-groups and Textural Layers with Individual Orientation in the Fabric

Superimposition of A.V.A. Diagrams of Component Fabrics

E. X-ray Analysis of the Grain-fabric

X-ray Analysis of Quartzite's

X-ray Analysis of Fabrics with Several Species of Grain

Review and Comments

F. General Features of Rock Fabrics

1. The Crystal as Fabric Grain

2. The Intergranular

3. Analysis of Inhomogeneous Grain-fabrics

4. Characteristic Data for the Grain-fabrics Apart from Orientation

5. Coordinates of the Grain-fabric

6. Production of Preferred Orientation in Homogeneous Domains

7. Grain-persistent Orientation with Homogeneous Distribution of Grains Distinguished only by their Attitude

8. Isolinear Structure of Grain-fabric Diagrams

9. Production of Preferred Orientation in Tectonites

10. Mechanical Fabric-orientation According to the Shape of Grain

11. Influence of Fabric Neighbors

12. Mimetic Crystallization in Grain-fabrics

13. Growth-fabrics and their Processes of Orientation

14. Internal Fabrics. Orientation of Speed-crystals

15. Correlated Concentrations

16. Compressed Rigid Fabrics

17. Review of the Behavior of Fabric Grains

18. Fabrics with Preferred Orientation of Smaller Elements and Grain-fabrics

G. Fabrics of Quartz, Calcite and Mica as Examples of Analysis

I. Quartz

II. Quartz as an Example of Axial Distribution Analysis

III.Fabrics of Quartz-axes and Fabrics of Quartz-lamellae as Examples of the Relationship of the Mechanism of the Grain to the Orientation Process

IV. Calcite

V. Mica

H. Examples of Characteristic Grain-fabrics of Deformation and of Apposition

I. Plane Parallel and Linear Parallel Grain-fabrics

II. Rotated Fabrics

III. Triclinic Tectonites with Typifiable Deformation (Oblique Girdle; B┴B') and with Arbitrary Oblique Overprinting

IV. Folded Fabrics

V. Relations between Mechanical Strain and Crystallization

VI. Heterokinetic Domains in the Grain-fabric (Pressure-shadows, etc.)

VII. Magmatic Tectonites

VIII. Grain-fabrics and Metamorphism

IX. Apposition-fabrics

I. The Diagrams

Method of Investigation

References Cited in the Text

Additional References

Index

A.V.A. Translation

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

An Introduction to the Study of Fabrics of Geological Bodies

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