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Elsevier

Books in Social sciences and humanities

  • Social History and Social Policy

    • 1st Edition
    • David J. Rothman + 1 more
    • English
    Social History and Social Policy is a collection of papers that explores the correlation of social history and social policy. Each article in the book are prepared by social historians, preoccupied in the study of the origins and structure of health systems, urban planning, schools, and pension programs, who seek to change the process of social policy formation. The book is divided into three sections. Part I serves as an introduction and provides the history of social institutions. The second part deals with the history of social problems, discussing public employee pension problems; policies on health care; and a few aspects of the history of criminal justice in the United States. The last part provides the uses of history in the making of social policy. The text will be a valuable source of insight for public administrators, politicians, policy makers, political leaders, and analysts.

  • Arthritis and Society

    The Impact of Musculoskeletal Diseases
    • 1st Edition
    • Nortin M. Hadler + 1 more
    • English
    Arthritis and Society examines the interaction between the structure of our society and the impact of rheumatic diseases on the lifestyle of those afflicted. It has drawn the distinction between the private and public experience of illness in order to produce a comprehensive analysis of the impact of musculoskeletal disease on society. This book is organized into three main sections. Section 1 analyzes the personal experience of pain of the groups frequently afflicted and discusses the epidemiology and scope of the systemic rheumatic diseases. Section 2 views the plight of those suffering from rheumatic disease from a different perspective. Section 3 highlights the importance of appropriate care and of establishing a more compassionate society which can help lessen the impact of the disease. It also considers the role of rehabilitation. This book will be of interest to people dealing with studies on arthritis and other rheumatic disease and also those interested in understanding the impact on societal structure on healthcare issues.

  • Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences

    • 1st Edition
    • Jacob Cohen
    • English
    Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Revised Edition emphasizes the importance of statistical power analysis. This edition discusses the concepts and types of power analysis, t test for means, significance of a product moment rs, and differences between correlation coefficients. The test that a proportion is .50 and sign test, differences between proportions, and chi-square tests for goodness of fit and contingency tables are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the F tests of variance proportions in multiple regression/correlati... analysis and computational procedures. This publication is intended for behavioral and biosocial scientists who use statistical inference, but also serves as a supplementary textbook for intermediate level courses in applied statistics in behavioral/biosocial science.

  • Money, Work, and Crime

    Experimental Evidence
    • 1st Edition
    • Peter H. Rossi + 2 more
    • English
    Money, Work, and Crime: Experimental Evidence presents the complete details of the Department of Labor’s $3.4 million Transitional Aid Research Project (TARP), a large-scale field experiment which attempted to reduce recidivism on the part of ex-felons. Beginning in January 1976, some prisoners released from state institutions in Texas and Georgia were offered financial aid for periods of up to six months post-release. Payments were made in the form of Unemployment Insurance benefits. The ex-prisoners who were eligible for payments were compared with control groups released at the same time from the same institutions. The control groups were not eligible for benefits. The assumption that modest levels of financial help would ease the transition from prison life to civilian life was partially supported. Ex-prisoners who received financial aid under TARP had lower rearrest rates than their counterparts who did not receive benefits and worked comparable periods of time. Those receiving financial aid were also able to obtain better-paying jobs than the controls. However, ex-prisoners receiving benefits took longer to find jobs than those who did not receive benefits. The TARP experiment makes a strong contribution both to an important policy area—the reduction of crime through reducing recidivism—and to the further development of the field and experiment as a policy research instrument.

  • Going North

    Migration of Blacks and Whites from the South, 1900—1950
    • 1st Edition
    • Neil Fligstein
    • Peter H. Rossi
    • English
    Going North: Migration of Blacks and Whites from the South, 1900—1950 discusses the historical, demographic, sociological, and economic reasons for black and white migrations. The book explains the transition from a rural, extractive economy to an urban, industrial and service economy, with emphasis on the effects on the Southern rural population. After the Civil War, emerging business concerns became politically and economically significant, making the South a source for needed resources. 1930 was a defining year. Before 1930, migration reflected the growth and contraction of cotton agriculture in the South. After 1930, the transition from a tenant, labor-intensive cotton agriculture economy to a capitalist machine-driven economy caused the black and white migration to the north. American development was not a simple process—it shows how northern business interests defeated southern planters. This transformation has created a permanent underclass in society that can be found in the cities of the South, North, and Midwest regions of America today. Sociologists, economists, academicians doing sociological research, and students of U.S. history can benefit from reading the book.

  • The Politics of Inflation

    A Comparative Analysis
    • 1st Edition
    • Richard Medley
    • English
    The Politics of Inflation: A Comparative Analysis is a collection of papers that covers the inflation trend of various countries. The emphasis of this title is on the domestic and international causes of each country's level and duration of inflation. The text first covers the aspects of the interplay among economic and political systems and processes, and then proceeds to tackling the politics of inflation in historical perspective. Next, the selection talks about the transatlantic aspects of inflation, along with the inflation fighting in Britain, Italy, and Portugal. The book also details the politics of inflation in the U.S. and the inflation policy in Germany. Chapter 7 tackles the inflation and politics in U.K., while Chapter 8 covers the political causes and effects of Argentine inflammation. The last chapter deals with inflation and democratic transition in Spain. The book will be of great use to economists, political scientists, and individuals concerned with the global economy.

  • Radio Emission of the Sun and Planets

    International Series of Monographs in Natural Philosophy
    • 1st Edition
    • V. V. Zheleznyakov
    • J. S. Hey
    • English
    International Series of Monographs in Natural Philosophy, Volume 25: Radio Emission of the Sun and Planets presents the origin of the radio emission of the planets. This book examines the outstanding triumphs achieved by radio astronomy of the solar system. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the physical conditions in the upper layers of the Sun, the Moon, and the planets. This text then examines the three characteristics of radio emission, namely, the frequency spectrum, the polarization, and the angular spectrum. Other chapters consider the measurements of the intensity of the solar radio emission, which indicate the existence of a lower limit. This book discusses as well the complex phenomena of the sporadic solar radio emission. The final chapter deals with the theory of the radio emission of Venus. This monograph is a valuable resource for radio astronomers and astrophysicists who are interested in the state of investigations in galactic radio astronomy.

  • Synchytrium

    • 1st Edition
    • John S. Karling
    • English
    Synchytrium presents all data and information relevant to the identification, classification, and phylogeny of species of Synchytrium. Following a brief introduction to the genus, general descriptions and illustrations of the life cycles of the subgenera are given at the beginning of the monograph for the purpose of acquainting the reader with an over-all view of the types of development which occur in Synchytrium. Then follow chapters on the cytology, sexuality, and host reaction. The major portion of the monograph is then devoted to a description of the genus, keys to the subgenera and the fully known species in each subgenus, and descriptions of the individual species. The description of the species is followed by chapters on phylogeny, hosts, and geographical distribution of Synchytrium. Although this monograph is directed primarily to graduate and research students in mycology, and particularly in the field of chytridiology, botanists, and biologists in general will also find it useful. The discussions of host and cellular reactions to infection, host range and host specificity, as well as the extensive bibliography on the Synchytrium-wart disease to potatoes should appeal especially to parasitologists and phytopathologists.

  • The Father of Child Care

    Life of William Cadogan (1711–1797)
    • 1st Edition
    • Dr Morwenna + 1 more
    • English
    The Father of Child Care: Life of William Cadogan (1711-1797) highlights the life story and significant influence of William Cadogan in practical management of infants. This book is composed of 12 chapters, and begins with a brief introduction of William Cadogan’s early life and career. The subsequent chapters relate the turning point of his career, which was when he wrote the Essay upon Nursing and the Management of Children. This Essay is an important landmark in the history of infant management, naming William Cadogan as the Father of Childcare. The remaining chapters discuss Cadogan’s ideas on children management in various aspects of their life. These chapters also highlight Cadogan’s most widely acclaimed book entitled A Dissertation on the Gout and all Chronic Diseases jointly considered as proceeding from the Same Causes. What these Causes are and a Rational and Natural Method of Care proposed.

  • Über Deutschland

    A Reader on German Affairs
    • 1st Edition
    • C. H. Moore
    • W. D. Halls + 1 more
    • English
    Uber Deutschland: A Reader on German Affairs is a collection of articles and essays from various German sources that can be used by students learning the German language. The book contains a variety of extracts from public speeches, official reports, essays, newspaper articles, and interviews. The text offers general knowledge and information on German affairs and public life. These subjects of interests cover the social, political, legal, economic, and cultural scene in the German republic. Some chapters contain English sentences that the student can use as an exercise in translating to German. Each of the chapters includes a vocabulary list, while an appendix at the end of the book contains a wider word list. The book also presents a general view of the structure of government of Germany. The selection can be used by students learning advanced German. The text is designed to build the student's vocabulary and give him a balanced perspective of German affairs.

  • Elements of the Natural Movement of Population

    • 1st Edition
    • Egon Vielrose
    • English
    Elements of the Natural Movement of Population deals with the study of statistical and demographic problems. The book contains chapters that explain the nature and quality of statistical sources, the degree of their reliability and the results that may be expected; the structure of population by sex, age and marital status; and the three main elements of the natural movement of population: marriages (and divorces), births, and deaths. Demographers, statisticians, sociologists, researchers, and students will find the book very insightful.

  • Fine Particulate Pollution

    A Report of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English
    Fine Particulate Pollution deals with the state of knowledge and the status of technology relating to pollution caused by fine particulates. The topics span all scientific and technical disciplines associated with atmospheric fine particulate pollution, including the definition of fine particulates, health effects, measurement, and sources, along with transport and transformation, control technology, regulations, economics, and research. This book is divided into six sections and begins with an overview of the chemical and physical characteristics of fine particles such as particle size, shape, morphology, chemical composition, resistivity, and electric charge. Subsequent sections examine the health and environmental effects of particulate pollutants; emission sources and control of fine particulate air pollution; chemical and physical reactions, transport, and fate of fine particulate pollutants; and sampling, monitoring, and measurement of fine particulate pollutants. The final section looks at regulations for fine particles in countries such as Austria, Germany, France, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and the United States. This monograph will be of interest to environmentalists as well as environmental policymakers and government officials concerned with air pollution control.

  • School Organisation

    A New Synthesis
    • 1st Edition
    • T. I. Davies
    • Edmund King
    • English
    School Organisation: A New Synthesis tackles the complexities of the time-table using techniques that are becoming normal in many fields of activity but offer fresh perspectives on school organization. This book examines the purely practical problem of putting into concrete terms of hours of teaching and use of staff the deeper decisions that rest on judgements of value and personality. This monograph is comprised of 14 chapters and opens with an overview of several possible approaches to the study of school organization. The discussion then turns to a perspective in which school organization appears as a process of grouping: a grouping of pupils into schools, into year groups in schools, into forms, into option groups, or into subject classes. Two fundamental concepts that pervade the whole complex of number relationships are described, namely, the notion of numerical value and the idea of pattern or form. Subsequent chapters focus on the use of notation as a thinking aid; the art of school organization; the laws of the curriculum; and the role of the administrator in school organization. This text will be of interest to students, educators, school administrators, and educational policymakers as well as those involved in the intricate practical tasks of school organization.

  • The Development of Self-Regulatory Mechanisms

    • 1st Edition
    • Dwain N. Walcher + 1 more
    • English
    The Development of Self-Regulatory Mechanisms contains the papers presented at the conference on Early Childhood: The Development of Self-Regulatory Mechanisms, held at The Pennsylvania State University in January, 1970. The theme of the conference is divided into four areas of interest: biological regulatory mechanisms, early self-regulatory behavior, thoughtful self-regulation, and models of human self-regulation. Papers focused on subjects on neurophysiological and neuroendocrinologica... regulatory mechanisms; infant cognitive development based on cardiac response and attention patterns; factors affecting communication abilities; and similarity of self-regulatory features of computer programs to human regulatory mechanisms. Psychologists, neurologists, physiologists, and endocrinologist will find the book invaluable.

  • Natural Hazards and Public Choice

    The State and Local Politics of Hazard Mitigation
    • 1st Edition
    • Peter H. Rossi + 2 more
    • Peter H. Rossi
    • English
    Natural Hazards and Public Choice: The State and Local Politics of Hazard Mitigation presents a research project that emerged from a concern for estimating the balance of support versus opposition to prospective social policies that aim to reduce the risks of damage or injuries from major natural hazard events via the regulation of land use and establishment of building and occupancy standards in high-risk areas. The volume begins with an overview of the research project and the main findings. Separate chapters describe the study design; assess the views of politically influential people regarding the seriousness of natural hazards; measure the support for federal disaster policies; and consider public opinion on hazards-mitigation issues in California. Subsequent chapters cover the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP); patterns of activity, influence, and power among key positions and groups in local communities with respect to issues involving disasters; and hazard mitigation activities at the state level.

  • Psychotherapy and the Behavioral Sciences

    Contributions of the Biological, Psychological, Social and Philosophic Fields to Psychotherapeutic Theory and Process
    • 1st Edition
    • Lewis R. Wolberg
    • English
    Psychotherapy and the Behavioral Sciences discusses the techniques used in neurophysiological analysis. It defines the neuronal building blocks. The book provides a detailed examination of the brain. This is followed by a discussion of the function of cerebral cortex. A chapter of the text focuses on biochemical interactions including neuropharmacology and psychopharmacology. The volume defines such terms as genetics, behavior genetics, and ethology. This is followed by a discussion on the conditioning of neural circuits. Another chapter is devoted on the examination of stress and adaptation. Ontogenetic maturation, developmental, and personality theories are explored analytically. The development of personality is the focus of fourth chapter. Concepts such as learning theory, learning principles, and psychoanalytic theory are fully explained. Cultural anthropology is the subject of the tenth chapter. While cybernetics is discuss in the eleventh chapter of the book. The book will provide useful information to psychologists, psychoanalysts, students, and researchers in the field of psychology.

  • Interviews and Interrogations

    Butterworth's Library of Investigation
    • 1st Edition
    • Art Buckwalter
    • English
    Interviews and Interrogations presents the fundamental methods, strategies, and techniques in the art and science of investigation. The text delves on the fundamental legal and professional principles in the practice of investigation. The techniques reviewed cover both civil and criminal investigations. The book also considers the different ways to obtain relevant, evidential facts to be presented to the client or before a court of law or other tribunal. Lawyers, private and public investigators, and students of law will find this book as a good source of knowledge that can be applied to their search for the truth.

  • Individuals as Producers of Their Development

    A Life-Span Perspective
    • 1st Edition
    • Richard M Lerner + 1 more
    • English
    Individuals as Producers of Their Development: A Life-Span Perspective provides an assessment of the usefulness of viewing the individual as an active contributor to his or her development. It extends the breadth of organism-environment reciprocities beyond those involved with the child and family. On the one hand, this extension involves a consideration of the role of evolutionary biological processes; on the other, it pertains to the broader ecology of human development—the social network lying outside the family, and the physical environmental contexts of development. Person-context reciprocities linked to variables that may play their greatest role in the extrafamilial context are also considered. Variables such as physical attractiveness, race, and physical handicap are examples of those discussed in this regard. Finally, because of the greater scope of the analysis, a potentially greater data base is examined in a search for documentation of the presence and role of dynamic person-context interactions.

  • Computer-Mediated Communication Systems

    Status and Evaluation
    • 1st Edition
    • Elaine B. Kerr + 1 more
    • Peter R. Monge
    • English
    Computer-Mediated Communication Systems: Status and Evaluation synthesizes current knowledge about computerized conferencing systems, electronic mail, and office information-communic... systems. It should be of interest both to students and researchers studying this new form of electronic communication and to organizations that are planning the installation of electronic mail or other computer-mediated communication systems and that need to be aware of the information gleaned from the studies presented here. The book is organized into four main sections, focusing on the following issues: (1) What are the important considerations in designing software or choosing a system from the many available options and capabilities? (2) What factors determine whether such systems are likely to be accepted or rejected? (3) What are the likely impacts of such systems upon the individuals, groups, and organizations which use them? It is not the economic costs and benefits, but the social problems and ""payoffs"" in the form of enhanced performance and organizational efficiency that should be the main considerations in deciding whether or not to use a computer-mediated communication system. (4) Given the conditional nature of many of the possible impacts, no system should be implemented without formal evaluation and feedback from users to guide the implementation. The major kinds of evaluational strategies that have been successfully employed are described in this book.

  • Technology, the University and the Community

    A Study of the Regional Role of Engineering Colleges
    • 1st Edition
    • George Bugliarello + 1 more
    • English
    Technology, the University and the Community: A Study of the Regional Role of Engineering Colleges focuses on the regional role of engineering colleges and suggests some mechanisms for increasing the interaction between the universities, or their colleges of engineering, and the local region. The study examines the problem of not effectively tapping the potential of state universities to bring applied science to the service of state governments. Comprised of four chapters, this book begins with an overview of the engineering college and its environments, together with its two main resources: human beings and information. Traditional views on the roles of engineering colleges are considered, and their impacts on regional development are examined. The next chapter deals with dimensions and models for the various roles of the engineering college and how the activities of the people of the college, including faculty and students, constitute the main areas of impact upon the region. The obstacles that must be overcome to increase the regional involvement of engineering colleges are then discussed by thinking of the university in terms of human and information resources. The final chapter describes some mechanisms for increasing the regional involvement of engineering colleges. This monograph will be of interest to university administrators, local government officials, and educational policymakers.

  • Covert Conditioning

    Pergamon General Psychology Series, Volume 81
    • 1st Edition
    • Dennis Upper + 1 more
    • English
    Covert Conditioning deals with covert conditioning procedures, the rationale underlying their use, and their potential application (either singly or in combination) to a variety of clinical problems. Each procedure's most representative use in clinical practice is described, and results of experimental analogue studies as well as reports of promising breakthroughs in the application of covert conditioning techniques to new clinical problems are discussed. A broad range of target behaviors, clinical settings, and client populations is also examined. This book is comprised of 36 chapters and opens with an overview of the theoretical background of covert conditioning and evidence to support its basic underlying assumptions. Each of the next six chapters introduces one of the major covert conditioning techniques (covert sensitization, covert reinforcement, covert negative reinforcement, covert extinction, covert modeling, and covert response cost) and presents experimental analogue evidence (if available) of its efficacy. The use of each procedure in treating a number of clinical target behaviors is also discussed. The final section describes the clinical application of combinations of covert conditioning techniques to a variety of problems. This monograph will be a useful resource for psychologists and behavioral therapists.

  • Multinational Cooperation for Development in West Africa

    Pergamon Policy Studies
    • 1st Edition
    • John P. Renninger
    • English
    Multinational Cooperation for Development in West Africa discusses the obstacles and prospects of organizations that were formed to facilitate considerable cooperation in the developing countries of West Africa. The book describes and analyzes the cooperation movement and the United Nations system and role in fostering the process of cooperation in West Africa. A brief overview of West African characteristics; trends and analysis of development; history of the cooperation movement; issues regarding cooperation in West Africa; potentialities of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS); and the impact of the United Nations on the growth of cooperation in the subregion are elucidated in the text. Students of international studies, researchers, economists, sociologists, political leaders of the West African region, and the staff of United Nations agencies will find this book invaluable.

  • Register of International Rivers

    Prepared by the Centre for Natural Resources, Energy and Transport of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English
    Register of International Rivers comprises international river and lake basins that form a substantial portion of the earth’s water resources, available for human use and consumption. This Register is prepared by the United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs for sessions of the Economic and Social Council’s Committee on Natural Resources. This book is divided into seven sections that comprise separate river basins communicating directly with the final recipient of the water, including oceans, closed inland seas, and lakes. It includes all the world’s separate basins shared by two or more countries and in some cases most of the basin area is confined to one country and only a small part of it extends to one or more countries. All data are organized according to five major continental divisions: Africa, North and Central America, South America, Asia, and Europe. Two categories of tables are prepared for each major continental subdivision. One is a list of countries sharing river basins with other countries, while the other is a list of rivers and lakes forming international boundaries and showing the approximate length of the boundary waters.

  • The Limits of Government Regulation

    • 1st Edition
    • James F. Gatti
    • English
    The Limits of Government Regulation is a collection of essays from a symposium conducted at the University of Vermont dealing with the subject of government intervention to business activities. This collection examines the effects of excessive governmental regulation on business and economic activities. The writers are of one belief that a laissez-faire approach is not the optimal solution; rather government policies that are shaped and implemented do not consider existing market forces. Instead of formulating policies that should be harmonious and congruent to these market forces, government regulations drastically alter or repeal them. One paper analyzes the damage done by an English activist government to a society, as well as Prime Minister Thatcher's chances of introducing effective reforms. The book also presents a study by six regulatory bodies on 48 firms. This study evaluates the additional costs spent by business arising from compliance with regulations issued by the six agencies. Other papers propose that regulatory reforms are possible through industrial revitalization and national planning. This book can be appreciated by economists, ministers of economic planning and development, heads of business organization, as well as general readers interested in government regulatory procedures.

  • University and Research Library Studies

    Some Contributions from the University of Sheffield Postgraduate School of Librarianship and Information Science
    • 1st Edition
    • W. L. Saunders
    • English
    University and Research Library Studies, Volume 8 presents the growing awareness of the international character of library studies. This book discusses the highly organized approach to library science research in Eastern Europe. Comprised of six chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the advantages of the comparative study of the libraries of various countries, including the possibilities of development and solutions to familiar difficulties. This text then examines the role of the library as a teaching instrument whereby instructions and library assignments are included as an integral part of the normal courses in the curriculum. Other chapters consider the background to the foundation of the Library of the School of Oriental and African Studies. This book discusses as well the function of the university library to bring together information and human beings. The final chapter deals with the types of activities that constitute library science research. Librarians will find this book useful.

  • Africa, the Middle East and the New International Economic Order

    Pergamon Policy Studies on The New International Economic Order
    • 1st Edition
    • Jorge Lozoya + 1 more
    • English
    Africa, The Middle East and the New International Economic Order discusses the relationship between the socio-economic development of Africa and of the Middle East. Divided into two parts, this book first discusses the Sub-Saharan Africa and the New International Economic Order (NIEO), and then tackles North Africa, the Middle East, and the New International Economic Order. The first chapter tackles constraints and opportunities for the NIEO in Sub-Saharan Africa, while the second chapter covers the Sub-Saharan political and economic structures and the NIEO. The third chapter discusses the national development paths in Sub-Saharan Africa and the fourth chapter is about the transnational corporation in Sub-Saharan Africa, with special reference to the Ivory Coast. Chapter 5 considers the NIEO in North Africa and the Middle East; Chapter 6 tackles the obstacles to the establishment of the NIEO in the Middle East and North Africa. The seventh chapter concerns itself with the social and cultural aspects of the NIEO in the Middle East, and the eighth chapter discusses the economic choice of the Arab countries and the NIEO. The last chapter reviews the international trade of North African and The Middle Eastern countries and the NIEO. This book will be of great interest to economists, entrepreneurs, sociologists, and even political analysts, since it covers the socio-economic aspects of a volatile region, which can have a great impact on the world economy.

  • Psychopathia Sexualis

    A Medico-Forensic Study
    • 1st Edition
    • Richard Von Krafft-Ebing
    • English
    Psychopathia Sexualis: A Medico-forensic Study, Twelfth Edition deals with the psychology of deviant sexual behavior. The book discusses the psychology and the physiology of sexual life including anthropological conditions such as Gynecomasty. The author describes general pathology including anesthesia sexualis (absence of sexual feeling), hyperesthesia (abnormally increased sexual desire), paraesthesia (perversion), masochism, sadism, fetishism, and antipathic sexuality. The author also examines homosexuality (as abnormal congenital manifestation), effimination, and androgyny. Special pathology includes the manifestations of abnormal sexual life in various forms and states of mental disturbance. The author discusses dementia, epilepsy, periodic insanity, nymphomania, and satyriasis. He also addresses pathological sexuality and its legal aspects that cover acts of rape, murder with rape, sodomy, cultivated pederasty, lesbian love, incest, necrophilia, or immoral acts on persons under care. The book also contains some case histories that illustrate such deviant sexual behavior. This book can interest behavioral scientists, psychiatrists, psychologists, students and professors in the sciences of human sexuality and behavior.

  • Poverty and Policy in American History

    • 1st Edition
    • Michael B. Katz
    • Charles Tilly + 1 more
    • English
    Poverty and Policy in American History is about people who needed help in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It is about the ways in which the perception of poverty and other forms of dependence affected the development of public programs and the conduct of voluntary reform. It also about the ways in which people have written about welfare. The book contains three chapters and opens with a description of the life and death of a poor family in early twentieth-century Philadelphia based on case records. It attempts to show many of the themes in the lives of the poor through the close analysis of one extended example. The second chapter moves back in time and consists of four case studies drawn from the project's empirical research. The first case study takes up the history of a neglected institution, the poorhouse. The second case reports on a survey of the causes of pauperism undertaken by the New York Board of State Charities in the mid-1870s. The third case analyzes a sample of the seven special schedules of the 1880 U.S. census, which enumerated the ""defective, dependent, and delinquent"" population. The final case uses a register of tramps from various places in New York State during the mid-1870s to assess the relation between popular images of tramps and what appeared to be their actual characteristics. The third chapter uses the results of the project's research and other recent work on related topics to examine American historical writing about dependence as a field and offers a sympathetic critique.

  • The Impact of International Economic Disturbances on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

    Transmission and Response
    • 1st Edition
    • Egon Neuberger + 1 more
    • English
    The Impact of International Economic Disturbances on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe: Transmission and Response focuses on the transmission of economic disturbances to the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, as well as the policy responses of both to such disturbances. Topics covered include external inflation, balance of trade, and resource allocation, along with the impact of the world economic crisis on intra-CMEA trade. This book is comprised of 16 chapters and begins with an overview of major international economic disturbances during the first half of the 1970s and their transmission to the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries. The following chapters examine the adjustment made by East European economies to external disturbances; external inflation, balance of trade, and resource allocation in small centrally planned economies; whether the Soviet Union was affected by the international economic disturbances of the 1970s; and the relationship between foreign trade and the Soviet economy. The transmission of international disturbances to Yugoslavia, Hungary, and Poland and the responses of each country are also discussed. The final chapter assesses how the energy crisis and Western ""stagflation"" have affected the nature of Soviet-East European political relations in the years 1956-1973. This monograph will be of interest to economists and economic policymakers.

  • The Determinants of Free Will

    A Psychological Analysis of Responsible, Adjustive Behavior
    • 1st Edition
    • James A. Easterbrook
    • David T. Lykken
    • English
    The Determinants of Free Will: A Psychological Analysis of Responsible, Adjustive Behavior deals with the concept of personal adjustment as freedom of will and a personal responsibility. The book reviews the definitions, rationale, and general framework of concepts of free will, responsibility, and other terminologies. The text explains the determinants of free will; it also analyzes 1) educated intelligence and 2) efficacy as the determinants of mental health or proper personal adjustment. The text explains the philosophy of Kurt Goldstein and cites references to evidence pointing to the differences in thought among people who have forward-looking or situation-dependent behaviors. The issue of independence in a social context is also discussed. This topic includes the determinants of maladjustments and self-disciplined members of society. The text also examines motivation and informational independence through literature dealing with mechanisms of behavioral autonomy. The book also reviews the sharing of freedom and the limits to freedom of will. The text is suitable for psychologists, psychoanalysts, guidance counselors, child educators, and behavioral therapists.

  • Life-Span Developmental Psychology

    Dialectical Perspectives on Experimental Research
    • 1st Edition
    • Nancy Datan + 1 more
    • English
    Life-Span Developmental Psychology: Dialectical Perspectives on Experimental Research is a compilation of papers that deals with the dialectical perspective focusing on the developmental process of the individual's interaction with the environment. Part 1 discusses the theoretical issues of psychological theorists such as Piaget and Kaplan. The text includes topics such as the dialectics of time and post-Newtonian metatheory for psychologists. One paper discusses the dialectic method and theory in the work of psychology as social proof structures, particularly when systems of action cause conflict with systems of thought. The text analyzes research versus theory through the Wundt-Titchener Laboratory example. Another paper addresses the status of dialectics in developmental psychology using the approach of theoretical orientation versus the scientific method. Part 2 presents research applications covering topics such as the phenomenological and a behavioral approach to remembering, as well as ""remembering"" in empiricism. Another paper addresses the dialectical perspectives of discriminative learning and transfer that includes both theory and research done on discriminative performance. This book will prove valuable for psychologists, behavioral therapists and researchers, and students in behavioral psychology.

  • Attitudes, Conflict, and Social Change

    • 1st Edition
    • Bert T. King + 1 more
    • English
    Attitudes, Conflict, and Social Change is based on a symposium on attitudes, social change, and intergroup conflict conducted on the University of Maryland campus. The book focuses on the following interrelated topics and issues: (1) The concepts of "attitude" and "attitude change" as they are used in psychological, sociological, and political science research. (2) How people change their attitudes and behavior in response to technological change and broad social currents as well as to specific persuasive communications delivered via the mass media or within an organization or a small group. (3) The role of attitudes and their modification in social change. (4) The role of attitudes in the genesis, the processes, and the outcomes of intergroup conflict at the level of the organization, at different societal levels, and at the international level. (5) The perplexing problems involved in determining how attitudes and overt behavior relate to each other. (6) Relationships between theories of attitude change and action programs designed to change attitudes in various social, cultural, ethnic, and national groups. (7) Relationships between laboratory experiments and field research involving attitude change. (8) The directions that future attitude research might take in order to be most productive with respect to both theory development and applications.

  • The Economic Consequences of Slowing Population Growth

    • 1st Edition
    • Thomas J. Espenshade + 1 more
    • English
    The Economic Consequences of Slowing Population Growth is a collection of papers dealing with the economic implications of a sustained low fertility rate on an industrialized country. The book reviews the situation prevailing in the United States including the country's demographic trends and prospects. The text also presents the uncertainties, the unknown, and the known economic consequences of low fertility as analyzed from previous generations. One paper examines the lessons that can be learned from a zero population growth in Europe by comparing theory and reality. This paper expounds on the social and economic effects while transitioning to a zero growth rate. Other papers examine the inter-relationships between unemployment, inflation, and economic policy. These papers also give recommendations to cut unemployment levels without causing inflation in the process. Other papers discuss social security and other needs of an aging population. One paper examines rising concerns over population movements in times of slower U.S. population growth; the author cites data reflecting migration trends and population declines in several metropolitan areas. The text can prove useful for sociologists, social workers, public health services officers, and public economists.

  • Lectures on Selected Topics in Statistical Mechanics

    International Series in Natural Philosophy
    • 1st Edition
    • D. Ter Haar
    • English
    Lectures on Selected Topics in Statistical Mechanics is a collection of lectures given at the 1971 Simla Summer School of Statistical Mechanics held in India. The lectures explore a wide range of topics related to statistical mechanics, including occupation number representation; the Green function method; the pair Hamiltonian model of an imperfect Bose gas; fluctuations in a perfect Bose gas; and the equation of state of an imperfect gas. A simple derivation of the Bloch equation is also presented, along with the statistical mechanics of stellar systems. Comprised of eight chapters, this volume begins with a discussion on the occupation number representation by considering some relevant formulae from ensemble theory. Classical petit and grand ensembles are described, together with quanta1 petit and grand ensembles. Subsequent chapters focus on the Green function method in statistical mechanics; the pair Hamiltonian model of the imperfect Bose gas and its solution in the absence of Bose-Einstein condensation using Green function methods and diagrammatic techniques; fluctuations in a perfect Bose gas; the equation of state of an imperfect gas; and a simple derivation of the Bloch equation. Finally, the statistical mechanics of stellar systems and an approach to equilibrium are described. This book will be of interest to physicists.

  • The Protest Makers

    The British Nuclear Disarmament Movement of 1958–1965, Twenty Years On
    • 1st Edition
    • Richard J K Taylor + 1 more
    • English
    The Protest Makers: The British Nuclear Disarmament Movement of 1958-1965, Twenty Years On explores the political and ideological dimensions of the Movement and the problems posed for achieving radical change in modern Britain. This book is divided into four parts that analyze the attitudes and activities of Movement supporters some 20 years later. The first part deals with the rise and decline of the Nuclear Disarmament Movement in Britain. The second part defines and analyzes the complexity of the Movement's composition and then discusses the differing conceptions and motivations of activists between 1958 and 1965. This part contains ordinary supporters' recollections and views of the Movement. The third part outlines the various "tendencies" within the Movement as characterized by the leadership figures themselves. The fourth part draws together some of the main themes emerging from empirical and theoretical examination of the Movement. This part focuses the importance and political significance of the Movement.

  • Human Adaptation and Its Failures

    • 1st Edition
    • Leslie Phillips
    • English
    Human Adaptation and its Failures focuses on the nature of psychopathology and its relation to normal behavior. The book first offers information on key concepts, including environmental factors in adaptation, nonadaptive behavior patterns, and a critique of approaches to normal and psychiatrically impaired behaviors. The text then surveys the development from biological organism to adult social being; social competence and societal expectations; and measurement of social competence. Topics include early experience and psychological development, social status as a way of life, social, moral, and intellectual development, and sex differences in social competence. The manuscript takes a look at social competence, adaptive potential, and psychological development and adaptive potential and adaptive failure. The publication also examines the definition and measurement of adaptive failure, conceptual issues in adaptive failure, and pathological behavior style and life-style. The text is a dependable reference for readers wanting to study human adaptation and its failures.

  • How to Find Out in Philosophy and Psychology

    The Commonwealth and International Library: Library and Technical Information Division
    • 1st Edition
    • D. H. Borchardt
    • G. Chandler
    • English
    How to Find Out in Philosophy and Psychology is a guidebook for accessing various philosophical and psychological literatures. The coverage of the text includes dictionaries, journals, encyclopedias, and handbooks. The selection also covers various kinds of bibliographies, such as national, general retrospective, and bibliographies of specialized fields. The last chapter tackles various philosophical and psychological organizations. The book will be of great use to students who needs to have access to various philosophical and psychological materials.

  • Psychology of Sex

    The Biology of Sex—The Sexual Impulse in Youth—Sexual Deviation—The Erotic Symbolisms—Homosexuality—Marriage—The Art of Love
    • 5th Edition
    • Havelock Ellis
    • English
    Psychology of Sex, Fifth Impression covers the psycho-physical processes of sex, their liability to disturbance, or their hygiene. This book is composed of eight chapters that focus on the normal phenomena of sex. After a brief introduction to the principles of sexual psychology, this book goes on dealing with the biological aspects of sex, the components of sexual impulse in youth, and the concept of sexual deviation and erotism. The remaining chapters explore other aspects of sexual psychology including homosexuality, sex satisfaction in marriage, and the so-called ""art of love"". This book is of value to psychologists, psychiatrists, parents, and the general public who are interested in the dynamic nature of the sexual impulse.

  • Personality and Arousal

    A Psychophysiological Study of Psychiatric Disorder
    • 1st Edition
    • Gordon S. Claridge
    • H. J. Eysenck
    • English
    Experimental Psychology, Volume 4: Personality and Arousal: A Psychophysiological Study of Psychiatric Disorder describes a series of overlapping studies carried out over a number of years and using a very wide variety of experimental techniques in both neurotic and psychotic patients. This book is composed of nine chapters. The first five chapters are concerned with neurosis, especially with the detailed examination of Eysenck's theory of dysthymia-hysteria. The succeeding two chapters explore some exploratory studies of psychosis looked at from a similar psychophysiological viewpoint. The remaining chapters propose a theory of psychiatric disorder and some of the implications of this theory for the study of problems in the field of personality that are not directly tackled n previous chapters. This book will prove useful to psychologists, psychiatrists, and research workers who are interested in the field of personality.

  • Experimental Social Psychology

    Text with Illustrative Readings
    • 1st Edition
    • Chester A. Insko + 1 more
    • English
    Experimental Social Psychology: Text with Illustrative Readings represents a new approach to undergraduate social psychology by combining both text and readings. This book grew out of the authors’ laborious and yet rewarding collaboration as associate editors of the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. The book is organized into three parts that cover the three overlapping categories of social psychology: attitude and belief change, interpersonal processes, and small groups. The investigation of attitude and belief change typically involves the persuasive impact produced by a written or orally presented communication when directed at a person. The area of interpersonal processes typically involves two people, puts greater emphasis upon the interactive nature of social relations, and is not restricted to just certain effects such as attitude or belief change. The study of interpersonal processes includes person perception, interpersonal attraction, conformity, conflict resolution, norm formation, etc. The area of small groups includes the study of groups varying in size between two and the number beyond which face-to-face interaction among all the members does not, or cannot easily, occur. Included within this category is the study of leadership, status, group decision-making, etc.

  • Black Americans

    A Psychological Analysis
    • 1st Edition
    • E. Earl Baughman
    • English
    Black Americans: A Psychological Analysis describes the psychological processes of black Americans, emphasizing how prejudice and discrimination affect their various behavior patterns. This book discusses the concept of race, intelligence, scholastic performance, self-esteem, rage and aggression, psychopathology, socialization and family, leadership and education of an average black American. Other topics include the social versus biological definitions of race; black-white differences in IQ; channeling black aggression; and incidence of behavioral disturbances among blacks. This text also covers the black-white comparison using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and origins of black families. This publication is addressed to students in a variety of introductory psychology courses—general psychology, personality, and child psychology.

  • The Economics of Urban Amenities

    • 1st Edition
    • Douglas B. Diamond + 1 more
    • English
    The Economics of Urban Amenities discusses amenities through a conceptual, methodological, and empirical basis. The text also defines amenities in a wide variety of human well-being. This collection of papers starts with a review of the concept of amenity. This book contains papers that discuss the economic roles of urban amenities and the resident’s site choice. This text also discusses the methods of amenity market analysis including assumptions of hedonic prices and residential location, the exogeneity issues, applications of the limited Box-Cox search, and the Hausman test. Several papers describe urban amenity markets considering options such as building heights, viewing, expressway noise, recreational centers, and neighborhood composition. This book also analyzes the market for regional amenities and covers subjects such as urban structure, wage rates, and migration. One paper shows that theoretically, differences in income and employment affect the control of amenities as these amenities in turn reflect “real utility differentials.” This book is suitable for urban and city planners, sociologists, economies, researchers and academicians involved in demographics, and environmentalists.

  • The Process of Stratification

    Trends and Analyses
    • 1st Edition
    • Robert M. Hauser + 1 more
    • H. H. Winsborough
    • English
    The Process of Stratification: Trends and Analyses discusses the conceptual scheme developed by Blau and Duncan. The book elaborates Blau and Duncan's description and analysis of socioencomic inequality, stratification, and inequality of opportunity in American society during the early 1960s. The authors review the assumptions and methods; they point to a different direction from the widely held assumption that occupational socioeconomic status is the primary determinant to mobility. They also use the Alphabetical Index as the basis for better collection method on data relating to occupation, industry and class of worker. As regards occupational mobility, the authors note that such mobility is limited by the depletion of occupational groups that higher-status occupations have sourced from. They also point that American society is homogenous in the sense of the determinants of socioeconomic achievements can exert influence. The authors then discuss an exercise in theory construction of intergenerational transmission of income. They conclude that income mobility is similar to occupational or educational mobility; to be more precise, they note that empirical evidence should be gathered. This book can prove useful for economists, sociologists, policy makers, as well as academicians involved in societal studies.

  • Law and Order in Historical Perspective

    The Case of Elizabethan Essex
    • 1st Edition
    • Joel Samaha
    • Charles Tilly + 1 more
    • English
    Law and Order in Historical Perspective: The Case of Elizabethan Essex presents a brief description of what happened in the 16th-century criminal justice system from the commission of a felony until the disposition of the case occurred. This book discusses how criminal law actually operated in a community and how the system of the criminal justice was administered. Organized into two parts encompassing four chapters, this book begins with an overview of the statistics of crime and criminals in 16th-century England. This text then examines the law-enforcement machinery in Essex. Other chapters consider how officials view law, which determines the procedures they follow in executing it. This book discusses as well the institutional effectiveness of courts. The final chapter deals with reconstructing the system of criminal justice in Elizabethan Essex. This book is a valuable resource for historians. Students and readers who are connected professionally to the law will also find this book useful.

  • Anxiety

    Current Trends in Theory and Research
    • 1st Edition
    • Charles D. Spielberger
    • English
    Anxiety: Current Trends in Theory and Research, Volume I, seeks to facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of anxiety phenomena. This volume emerged from a symposium on Anxiety: Current Trends in Theory and Research held at Florida State University in the spring of 1970. The symposium brought together persons who have made important contributions to the understanding of anxiety phenomena and provided them with an opportunity to react to each other's ideas. One of the main goals of the symposium was to stimulate confrontation among opposing views with the expectation that this would, at least, provide clarification of terminology and eliminate the semantic confusion plaguing the field. The volume is organized into three parts. Part I presents an overview of the unique theoretical perspective and research objectives with which each contributor has approached the topic of anxiety. It also provides background information and historical perspective for the reader with limited familiarity with this area. Part II contains papers focusing on the nature and measurement of anxiety. Part III deals with the neurophysiological and biochemical aspects of anxiety. This work is intended primarily for psychologists and students of psychology, but it should be of interest to any behavioral or medical scientist concerned with a more comprehensive understanding of personality and psychopathology.

  • Social Accounting Systems

    Essays on the State of the Art
    • 1st Edition
    • F. Thomas Juster + 1 more
    • English
    Social Accounting Systems: Essays on the State of the Art contains essays prepared during a workshop aimed at the development and promulgation of objectives for future work on social accounting, and the making of recommendations to achieve them by evaluating existing demographic and time-based accounting models. The essays describe and evaluate the state of the art of extant empirically based approaches to social accounting. The book opens with an overview chapter that describes the organizations of the Workshop on Social Accounting Systems at which the essays were presented and discussed, the nature of the tasks assigned to authors, and the major themes of workshop discussions. This is followed by separate chapters on time-based social accounting systems and demographic accounting; how subjective social indicators can be related to social accounting systems; and general evaluations of the systems described in the previous chapters. This book will be primarily of interest to social scientists and statisticians concerned with the development and integration of national data systems and with social indicator analyses. They also will be germane to the interests of students of contemporary social change and the quality of life.

  • Fears and Phobias

    • 1st Edition
    • Isaac M. Marks
    • English
    Fears and Phobias reviews and synthesizes the different viewpoints of learning theory, psychoanalysis, ethology, and clinical psychiatry with regards to fears and phobias. The causes and treatment of phobias are examined, with due regard for relevant biological and psychological issues. Topics covered range from the etiology of fear to clinical syndromes such as agoraphobic syndrome, animal phobias, social phobias, illness phobias, and obsessive phobias. Comprised of four chapters, this book begins with an overview of the historical aspects of phobias and the components of phobias, followed by a discussion on the etiology of fear. Experimental studies on fear that focus on innateness, maturation, and learning are examined, together with genetic aspects of timidity; the kinds of situations that are feared; and the physiology and learning of fear. The next chapter deals with clinical syndromes and the classification of phobic disorders such as the agoraphobic syndrome, specific animal phobias, and social phobias, along with illness phobias, obsessive phobias, autonomic equivalents to phobic disorders, and children's fears and phobias. The final chapter is devoted to prevention and treatment of phobias, including desensitization, and psychiatric management of phobic patients. This monograph will be of interest to psychiatrists and psychologists.

  • Cognitive Views of Human Motivation

    • 1st Edition
    • Bernard Weiner
    • English
    Cognitive Views of Human Motivation contains papers that were first presented during a symposium at the annual convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), held in San Francisco in February 1974. The book has five chapters and opens with a discussion of historical trends in cognition and motivation. This is followed by separate chapters on cognitive and coping processes in emotion, cognitive appraisals and transformations in self-control, an attributional model of achievement motivation, and cognitive control of action. The audiences for this book are psychologists and advanced undergraduate and graduate students interested in the areas of clinical, cognitive, motivation, and personality psychology. The book can serve as a main source of readings in courses on cognitive or motivational psychology and as a supplementary source for courses in clinical and personality psychology.

  • Demystifying the Institutional Repository for Success

    • 1st Edition
    • Marianne Buehler
    • English
    Institutional repositories remain key to data storage on campus, fulfilling the academic needs of various stakeholders. Demystifying the Institutional Repository for Success is a practical guide to creating and sustaining an institutional repository through marketing, partnering, and understanding the academic needs of all stakeholders on campus. This title is divided into seven chapters, covering: traditional scholarly communication and open access publishing; the academic shift towards open access; what the successful institutional repository looks like; institutional repository collaborations and building campus relationships; building internal and external campus institutional repository relationships; the impact and value proposition of institutional repositories; and looking ahead to open access opportunities.

  • Local Community in the Era of Social Media Technologies

    A Global Approach
    • 1st Edition
    • Hui-Lan Titangos
    • English
    Social media technologies can help connect local communities to the wider world. Local Community in the Era of Social Media Technologies introduces the experience of bringing a local community to the world. This book, with the model of Santa Cruz County, California, develops a truly global approach to the subject. The first section of the book covers the early efforts of recording the local Santa Cruz area, before moving on to deal with Library 1.0. The next section looks at the present situation with Library 2.0 and its benefits. The book ends with a discussion of future directions and the implications of Library 3.0 and beyond.

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