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Elsevier

Books in Social sciences and humanities

  • Behavior of Nonhuman Primates

    Modern Research Trends
    • 1st Edition
    • Allan M. Schrier + 2 more
    • English
    Behavior of Nonhuman Primates: Modern Research Trends focuses on research on the behavior of nonhuman primates, including social behavior, life history, and discrimination. The selection first offers information on the affectional systems and determinants of social behavior in young chimpanzees. Topics include infant-mother, maternal, age-mate or peer, and paternal affectional systems, social behavior of young chimpanzees, and the effects of arousal level on social responsiveness. The publication also takes a look at ontogeny of perception and learning and age changes in chimpanzees. Discussions focus on performance on formal tests of behavior, life history, classical conditioning, locomotion and manipulation, single-problem discrimination, and learning sets. The manuscript examines investigative behavior, as well as maintenance of behavior in nonhuman primates by investigatable rewards and determinants of investigative behavior. The publication also evaluates the radiation syndrome and field studies. The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in the behavior of nonhuman primates.

  • Toward a Consensus on Military Service

    Report of the Atlantic Council's Working Group on Military Service
    • 1st Edition
    • Andrew J. Goodpaster + 1 more
    • English
    Toward a Consensus on Military Service: Report of the Atlantic Council's Working Group on Military Service examines the experience and prospects of the U.S. peacetime military volunteer force. It presents a Policy Paper that offers a broad range of recommendations designed both to strengthen that force and to prepare the way, should circumstances require it, for a resumption of compulsory military service. The book begins by providing a geopolitical backdrop for the issues of U.S. military service examined in subsequent chapters. It analyzes basic U.S. national interests, Soviet power and policy, and East-West relations. This is followed by separate chapters on the antecedents of force-manning in the U.S.; current and evolving concepts of U.S. security requirements; the all-volunteer force; and military manpower policies. Subsequent chapters examine long-term military manpower trends and criteria for a peacetime military force; compulsory service options; and social and ethical issues that have colored the historical American debate over how the nation should raise its armed forces in peacetime.

  • Anxiety and Behavior

    • 1st Edition
    • Charles D. Spielberger
    • English
    Anxiety and Behavior focuses on the analysis of factors and conditions that contribute to anxiety, including stress, emotional disturbance, and psychosomatic disorders. The selection first offers information on theories and research on anxiety and the nature and measurement of anxiety. Topics include objective anxiety (fear) and neurotic anxiety, trends in anxiety research, anxiety and personality dynamics, and laws of anxiety change in pathological and other fields. The text then elaborates on questions and problems on the measurement of anxiety in children, including reservations about anxiety scales, concept of defense, and suggestions on the interpretation of anxiety scales. The publication reviews the psychosomatic aspects of anxiety, basis of psychopathology, and clinical origins of the activation concept. Discussions focus on anxiety and stress, observations of anxiety in men under stress, etiology of psychosomatic disorders, emotional disturbance, and activation. The text also considers conditioning and deconditioning of neurotic anxiety and interaction of cognitive and physiological determinants of emotional state. The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in the study of anxiety.

  • Psychological Foundations of Education

    Learning and Teaching
    • 1st Edition
    • B. Claude Mathis + 2 more
    • English
    Psychological Foundations of Education presents some of the principles of psychology that are relevant to learning and teaching. It presents an alternative answer to the problem of the bifurcation of general and educational psychology in the curriculum of teacher preparation. While the solution is provisional and has obvious imperfections, it is offered in the hope that it may stimulate discussion of the problem and other solutions and/or explicit justifications for past practice. Key concepts discussed include teachers’ attitudes and behavior, different types of learning, technology in education, forgetting and extinction, child development, and intelligence measurements. Also covered are the assessment of educational achievement, the social psychology of the classroom, and education in urban schools. This text should have a variety of uses in classes where students are preparing for teaching. It was written specifically for those situations in which the prospective teacher is introduced to psychology through a one- or two-semester integrated sequence.

  • Readings in Clinical Psychology

    • 1st Edition
    • R. D. Savage
    • English
    Readings in Clinical Psychology illustrates the development of reliable and valid measures of behavior, and the skillful, expert use of modern statistical techniques for the analysis of data. These readings stress the importance of experimental and academic psychology as the basis of clinical psychology, and the need for behavioral research. This book is organized into five parts encompassing 44 chapters, and begins with an introduction to the history and role of clinical psychology. The following parts are devoted to the measurement of individual differences, treatment techniques, psychometric and statistical considerations and, finally, diagnostic and research problems. The last parts include articles on children, neuroses, psychoses, brain damage, old age, animal behavior and drugs. This book will prove useful to psychologists, social scientists, medical practitioners, and post-graduate applied psychology students.

  • On Life and Sex

    Essays of Love & Virtue
    • 1st Edition
    • Havelock Ellis
    • English
    On Life and Sex: Essays of Love and Virtue discusses the fundamental principles and practical application of love and virtue. This book contains two volume encompassing 16 chapters. The first volume deals first with the role of parents and grandparents in educating the children concerning love, sex, marriage, and virtues. This part also highlights marriage, the roles of husband and wife, and the play-function of sex. The second volume tackles topics such as family, taboos, obscenity, eugenics, and population control.

  • Aging

    Biology and Behavior
    • 1st Edition
    • James L McGaugh + 1 more
    • English
    Aging: Biology and Behavior addresses behavioral changes in aging related to biological processes, focusing on the nature of changes in brain plasticity, factors influencing life-span, and environmental and social influences on health in the elderly. This book is divided into four main topics—longevity, aging, and mortality; aging brain and behavior; cognitive and social functioning; and health. In these topics, this publication specifically discusses the longevity in primates, life-span extension, environment and biology in aging, and some economic implications of life-span extension. The neurobiological basis of age-related changes in neuronal connectivity, aging and brain plasticity, and cognitive functioning in the elderly are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the life changes and disease in elderly populations, social stress and mental disorders in the elderly, and perspective of social epidemiology. This volume is a useful source to clinicians and students examining possible social and behavioral science research perspectives on aging.

  • Psychological Development in the Elementary Year

    • 1st Edition
    • Judith Worell
    • English
    Psychological Development in the Elementary Years is the second in a series of reviews relating current theory and research on psychological development to educational practice. The book discusses the significance and change in psychological sex roles; peer relations; and the development and regulation of aggression in young children. The text also describes the acquisition of self-control; the developmental trends in the learning processes; and the foundations and direction of cognitive development. The theory and research on children's achievement; the family influences on language and cognitive development and the personal and social causation in the school context are also considered. The book further tackles the behavioral perspective of children with learning and behavior problems. Psychologists, psychiatrists, behavioral psychologists, and students taking related courses will find the book invaluable.

  • Development in the Preschool Years

    Birth to Age Five
    • 1st Edition
    • Thomas E. Jordan
    • Allen J. Edwards
    • English
    Development in the Preschool Years: Birth to Age Five reports a prospective longitudinal analysis of influences on development in the years from birth to age five. While speculation on the ways in which young children grow tends to be in terms of generalities, this volume emphasizes the role of empirical data in such discourse, and attempts to relate observations to an antecedent set o f quantitative findings. At a more particular level, the investigation considers six aspects of development: motor, intellectual, language, somatic, social, and physical development. The book is organized into three parts. The first part contains chapters that review of the corpus of longitudinal studies, specific approaches, and recent research; and describe the methods used to generate and analyze the data. The second part provides multivariate regression analyses of the data in six domains while the third part presents a discussion of the findings. The fundamental intent of this investigation is to make a contribution to policy formation for the early years of life.

  • Emotions in Early Development

    • 1st Edition
    • Robert Plutchik + 1 more
    • English
    Emotions in Early Development reviews important theoretical advances in the understanding of emotions in early development, paying particular attention to issues such as the extent to which infants are born with certain emotions; how one infers the existence of emotion in infants; and the relations between emotion and cognition. The connection between emotions and personality is also discussed, along with the role of parent-child interactions in the appearance and development of emotions. Comprised of 11 chapters, this volume begins with a summary of issues in the development of emotion in infancy, from the function of emotions to the problem of labeling affects in infants as well as the development of smile, stranger anxiety, and the sense of self. The next chapter examines the parent-infant communication system, with emphasis on the two-way, primarily nonverbal, interaction that takes place between mother and infant and the nature of the learning processes that occur in both the infant and the mother. The reader is then introduced to a concept known as social referencing, or the use of emotional information gained from another person to help evaluate situations. Subsequent chapters focus on individual differences in emotional expressions observed in one-year-old infants; Piaget's theory of cognitive development and its implications for a theory of emotions; emotional sequences and consequences; and the relationship between attachment and separation processes in infancy. The final chapter integrates an epigenetic view of emotions with psychoanalytic concepts. This book will be of interest to child psychologists.

  • Ethical Problems in Psychological Research

    • 1st Edition
    • Heinz Schuler
    • English
    Ethical Problems in Psychological Research focuses on the relationship between experimenter and subject within investigations in the biomedical and social sciences. The book discusses on the potential conflict between methodological and ethical norms; ethical problems of psychological experiments; and the ethical and methodological problems of alternatives to laboratory experiments. The text also describes the codification of ethical principles for psychological research.

  • Employee—Organization Linkages

    The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover
    • 1st Edition
    • Richard T. Mowday + 2 more
    • Peter Warr
    • English
    Employee-Organizatio... Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover summarizes the theory and research on employee-organizatio... linkages, including the processes through which employees become linked to work organizations, the quality of such linkages, and how linkages are weakened or severed. The text identifies the determinants of employee commitment, absenteeism, and turnover, as well as their consequences for the individual, work groups, and the larger organization. The book also presents conceptual models on how employees become committed to, decide to be absent from, and decide to leave their organizations. Human resource practitioners, managers, employers, and industrial psychologists will find the book very informative and insightful.

  • The Psychology of Reading

    • 1st Edition
    • Insup Taylor + 1 more
    • English
    The Psychology of Reading provides a fair and coherent overall picture of how reading is done and how it is best taught. It aims to relate reading to writing systems, analyze the process of reading from several viewpoints using research from diverse disciplines, and develop a model of reading to explain reading processes all the way from letter recognition to reading whole texts. The book describes how children learn to read in different scripts, by different methods, and at different ages. It discusses different components of reading—eye movements, letter and word recognition, sentence and prose reading, and so on, in beginning readers, in skilled or unskilled readers, as well as dyslexic readers. Brain-damaged patients with selective impairment of different components provide a ""natural laboratory"" to compare reading processes within one script as well as across different scripts. The more types of readers, scripts, and components examined, the better the picture of reading processes drawn. This book is a text for college students as well as a reference book for professionals in psychology, education, linguistics, and other related fields.

  • Applied Developmental Psychology

    Volume 1
    • 1st Edition
    • Frederick J Morrison + 2 more
    • English
    Applied Developmental Psychology is a collection of papers from different experts in the field of psychology in an attempt to put forth a vision of psychology as a developmental science through its applications in different studies. The book covers topics such as the history, the “applied” perspective, and a research strategy for psychology; rationale for the focus and the status of studying, as well as societal and psychological trends related to studying; and the study of the cognitive process related to watching of television. Also covered are topics such as the development of peer relations in children with autism and the studies of stress-resistant children. The text is recommended to psychologists, especially those who would like to research on how the field can be viewed as a developmental science.

  • Child Care in the Family

    A Review of Research and Some Propositions for Policy
    • 1st Edition
    • Alison Clarke-Stewart
    • English
    Child Care in the Family: A Review of Research and Some Propositions for Policy reviews the research on family influence on children's development and of the implications of the research for policy. This book is organized into two parts encompassing six chapters. The first part surveys the influence of the characteristics and behavior of family members on child's psychological development. This part focuses on "normal" children in "typical" families in America. The second part deals with the assumptions, inferences, simplifications, and generalizations made in psychological research to develop policy propositions concerning childcare. This book will be of great value to child psychologists, behaviorists, family counselors, and researchers.

  • Time and Space Weight and Inertia

    A Chronogeometrical Introduction to Einstein's Theory
    • 1st Edition
    • A. D. Fokker
    • D. ter Haar
    • English
    Time and Space Weight and Inertia covers the relationship between time, space weight, and inertia using the principles of theory of relativity and chronogeometry. This book is composed of 12 chapters, and begins with a brief overview of the fundamental aspects of space and time within events. The subsequent chapters deal with the chronogeometry of time and space, and the concept of the Lorentz transformations and pseudo-revolutions. These topics are followed by discussions on the dynamical relationships of metric and other tensors and a presentation of the equations of the theory of electrons. The remaining chapters describe the unique value of the acceleration in free fall, geodesic coordinates carried along in free fall, and the field equations, as well as the so-called curving of light rays. This book will prove useful to physicists and mathematicians.

  • Work and the Family

    A Study in Social Demography
    • 1st Edition
    • Valerie Kincade Oppenheimer
    • English
    Work and the Family: A Study in Social Demography reports on the investigation of a variety of economic squeezes hypothesized to be characteristic of postwar American society. One is the lower white-collar squeeze where the attainment of white-collar lifestyle aspirations may be impeded by an income equivalent to that of many manual workers. The others are the two life-cycle squeezes: the squeeze of early adulthood when the desire to set up a household is hampered by the relatively low earnings of young men; and the squeeze of middle adulthood when the cost of children is peaking but increases in the earnings of husbands may be slowing down with regard to those squeezes. The book is organized into four parts. Part I introduces the theoretical model to be used and the major objectives of the research. It also discusses important conceptual and methodological problems involved in life-cycle analysis and the use of occupation as a major analytical tool. Part II examines life-cycle squeezes—structured sources of economic stress arising out of the interaction of family and career cycles. Part III examines the nature of wives' socioeconomic contribution to the family. Part IV essentially sums up the theoretical implications of the analyses conducted in the preceding chapters and represents a more formal theoretical statement of the issues in terms of adaptive family strategies. This study is aimed at the wide audience of demographers, sociologists, economists, and historians who are interested in family socio economic and demographic behavior. It is also intended to appeal to readers at all levels of methodological sophistication—wheth... professionals or graduate students.

  • Schizophrenia

    A Life-Course Developmental Perspective
    • 1st Edition
    • Elaine F. Walker
    • English
    Schizophrenia: A Life-Course Developmental Perspective covers research findings and ideas concerning the entire life course of schizophrenia. The book discusses research on life-span development in schizophrenia; the genetic and perinatal factors in the etiology of schizophrenia; as well as the neurobehavioral development of infants at risk for schizophrenia. The text also describes the early social and affective development in schizophrenic offspring; the clinical presentation, onset, early developmental patterns, course, and treatment of childhood-onset schizophrenia; and the prediction of psychiatric disorders in late adolescence. The cognitive and linguistic functions of adolescent children at risk for schizophrenia; longitudinal studies of premorbid development of adult schizophrenics; and the ontogenetic implications of sex differences in schizophrenia are also considered. The book further tackles emotion and attachment in families of schizophrenics; late-onset schizophrenia; and the development of liability to schizophrenia. The text then encompasses the developmental trajectories in schizophrenia. Psychiatrists, psychologists, and people working on the research about schizophrenia will find the book invaluable.

  • Social Policy and Sociology

    • 1st Edition
    • N. J. Demerath + 2 more
    • English
    Social Policy and Sociology explores the relationship between social policy and sociology and covers topics such as social inequities and individual stress in the family cycle. America's youth and their problems are also given attention, along with the relationship between graduate training and federal funding. Comprised of 24 chapters, this book begins with an assessment of the proper relationship between sociology and public policy, and whether sociologists should become actively engaged in social engineering. Methods of training graduate students for doing policy research are also discussed. Subsequent chapters explore community planning and poverty; policy implications of race relations; formal models as a guide to social policy; and the interrelationships between governmental policy, social structure, and public values. Social problems such as alcoholism and drug addiction are also considered, together with the changing relationship between government support and graduate training. Finally, the what and why of policy research in sociology are examined, and possible changes in graduate training and professional practice in sociology are evaluated. This monograph will be of interest to sociologists as well as social and public policymakers.

  • The Practitioner's Handbook to the Social Services

    • 1st Edition
    • Alfred H. Haynes
    • English
    The Practitioner's Handbook to the Social Services contains practical help for social welfare officer on patient's social problems. This handbook is composed of 14 chapters and begins with a brief introduction to services offered by social services. The succeeding chapters deal with various forms of social services, including Regional Hospital Boards, Local Health Authorities, Environmental Health Services, Family Allowances and National Insurance, War Pensioner’s Welfare Service, National Assistance Board, and Ministry of Labor and National Service. Other chapters consider the social services offered by County and County Borough Welfare Services under various legal provisions. The final chapters tackle services concerning housing, legal aid, adoption of children, and guardianship of infants. Social service workers will find this book invaluable.

  • Social Structure and Behavior

    Essays in Honor of William Hamilton Sewell
    • 1st Edition
    • Robert M. Hauser + 2 more
    • English
    Social Structure and Behavior: Essays in Honor of William Hamilton Sewell is a collection of 16 essays dealing with the social psychological aspects of schooling and achievement, social stratification and mobility, measurements and methods, and social structures and wellbeing. The collection discusses the political dimension of stratification, the results of observation of first-graders in their reading group assignments against their social background, and stereotyping practices held by dominant groups of society. Anther papers use a causal model to analyze occupational status and earnings of Cuban exiles in the U.S.; other authors discuss the effects of institutionalization of formal employment in Brazil, and propose a revision of the Duncan Scale by a more comprehensive set of occupational prestige scale. The book also analyzes measurements of ranked preferences using a single latent factor behind the ranked items. One authors points that some sociological terms can be misleading in propounding a sound theory when these terms themselves confound what they are supposed to correlate. The text also addresses the fundamental problems concerning welfare that include order, collective action, and consensus. This collection of essays can interest social workers, sociologists, psychologists, and researchers involved in community development.

  • Genetics, Environment, and Behavior

    Implications for Educational Policy
    • 1st Edition
    • Lee Ehrman + 2 more
    • English
    Genetics, Environment, and Behavior: Implications for Educational Policy is a collection of papers from the "Genetic Endowment and Environment in the Determination of Behavior" workshop in New York in October 1971. The book discusses the relationships between genetic characteristics and behavior as being significant in understanding human behavior and learning. The text also considers the different approaches made by geneticists and psychologists on this subject. Several papers review, in terms of both quantitative and qualitative analysis, the role that genetics and the environment play in determining behavior. One paper explains the possible role of genetic determination in behaviors as found in mice and men that show high probabilities of heritabilities. Another paper tackles biochemical genetics and explains the evolution of human behavior by addressing the enzyme variations in human brains and the role of language and culture. The book also cites gene-environment interactions and the variability that can be found in behavior with references to the works of Ginsburg (1967) and Vale and Vale (1969). One paper comments on the future of human behavior genetics, highlighting the distinction between what should happen and what most probably will happen. This text is suitable for sociologists, behavioral scientists, geneticists, educators, and students in psychology, psychiatry, and related branches of medicine.

  • Social Networks

    A Developing Paradigm
    • 1st Edition
    • Samuel Leinhardt
    • English
    Social Networks: A Developing Paradigm contains studies of the nature and impact of social structure on behavior. It draws together readings from a variety of social science areas that share the basic premise that structure in social relationships can be fruitfully operationalized in terms of networks. It attempts to bring together classic works that opened new research areas and works that contain important statements of perspective, method, or empirical findings. The book is organized into four parts. Part I focuses on the cognitive organization of social relations and the effects of local social structure on individuals. In Part II the authors consider networks of ties in large social agglomerations, and treat a variety of different types of social relationships. The emphasis here is on empirical studies. Specific extant social networks are investigated to test a variety of structural hypotheses. Part III contains studies that address issues more common among social anthropologists than sociologists or social psychologists. The chapters in Part IV, while occasionally containing applications, are primarily methodological. These discuss mathematical and statistical ideas for modeling and analyzing social networks.

  • Aging and Milieu

    Environmental Perspectives on Growing Old
    • 1st Edition
    • Graham D. Rowles + 1 more
    • English
    Aging and Milieu: Environmental Perspectives on Growing Old is a collection of essays that presents insight into the area of aging-environment research. The book focuses primarily on the physical, phenomenological, cultural, social, and clinical environmental context of an old person. Part I explores alternative conceptions of aging and milieu. The second part discusses the old-person-environme... transaction. Part III covers the social context of milieu or the notion of how social relationships mediate and condition the symbiotic relationships between the old person and the physical environment. Gerontologists, sociologists, psychologists, architects, and urban planners will find this book interesting.

  • Feelings and Emotions

    The Loyola Symposium
    • 1st Edition
    • Magda B. Arnold
    • English
    Feelings and Emotions: The Loyola Symposium covers knowledge in the field of emotion. The book discusses the theories of emotions based on biological considerations; the neural and physiological correlates of feeling and emotion; and cognitive theories of feeling and emotion. The text also describes the psychological approaches to the study of emotion; the mood theory and measurement; as well as the developments related to the search for significant relations between private events and both behavioral and physiological events. The role of feelings and emotions in personality is also encompassed. Psychologists, physiologists, anthropologists, sociologists, biochemists, psychiatrists, and students taking psychology courses will find the book useful.

  • Labor, Class, and the International System

    • 1st Edition
    • Alejandro Portes + 1 more
    • Charles Tilly + 1 more
    • English
    Labor, Class, and the International System explores the interface between the labor process, class structure, and the global requirements of accumulation as a necessary complement to the analysis of capital and dominant institutions and focus on this interaction to clarify some of the apparent contradictions and bring the general models in line with empirical reality. The book provides analysis of concepts and hypotheses derived from general theory with available empirical knowledge on each particular topic. Each chapter addresses problem areas namely, international migration; pre-capitalist modes of production and the reproduction of the urban labor force; and dominant ideologies of inequality and class structure. Sociologists, political scientists, economists, researchers, and students of international studies will find the book very interesting and insightful.

  • Models for Public Systems Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Edward J. Beltrami
    • J. William Schmidt
    • English
    Models for Public Systems Analysis considers the mathematical model formulation to improve the delivery of urban service systems, such as sanitation, fire, police, and ambulances. This book is composed of five chapters that demonstrate the translation of significant societal problems into a mathematical framework, as well as the advantages and limitations of these models. Chapter 1 deals with the issue of plant location and siting questions, with a brief overview of water resource modeling, while Chapter 2 provides set-covering models for manpower scheduling as a direct outgrowth of the author's experience with the Sanitation Department in New York City. Chapters 3 and 4 describe the delivery of emergency services, particularly with models of congestion and delay and of optimal deployment. These chapters also present probabilistic analysis in nature since both the spatial and the temporal patterns of demand are intrinsically uncertain. The tools used are queueing theory and geometric probability. Chapter 5 examines network optimization methods, mainly to explore questions of vehicle routing and scheduling. This chapter also provides a few comments on large-scale models of urban growth, these being generally more familiar to the regional planner then to the operations analyst. This book will prove useful to applied mathematics and policy science students.

  • A Guaranteed Annual Income

    Evidence from a Social Experiment
    • 1st Edition
    • Philip K. Robins + 2 more
    • English
    A Guaranteed Annual Income: Evidence from a Social Experiment brings together the first accounting of evidence on the impact of the Seattle/Denver Income-Maintenance Experiments (SIME/DIME) on participating individuals and families. It is based on a selection of papers delivered to policymakers, program administrators, and researchers at a conference held at Orcas Island, Washington, in May 1978. The conference, sponsored by HEW and the State of Washington, represented the first effort to disseminate to a wide audience the findings emerging from early analyses. The book is divided into four parts. Part I presents a general introduction to the experimental design, results, and data. Part II presents the experimental effects on work behavior for various family members, including results on job satisfaction, the demand for childcare on the part of single mothers, and the incorporation of the labor supply results into a simulation of national welfare reform alternatives. Part III discusses the experimental effects on family behavior, including marital stability, psychological effects, and effects on the demand for children (fertility). Part IV contains five studies of how the benefits were used by the families, including effects on migration, education and training, demand for assets, and the use of subsidized housing programs.

  • Fundamentals of Organizational Behavior

    An Applied Perspective
    • 2nd Edition
    • Andrew J. DuBrin
    • English
    Fundamentals of Organizational Behavior: An Applied Perspective, Second Edition examines the behavior of people in organizations. Topics covered range from political maneuvering in organizations (office politics) to the stresses facing people in managerial and professional positions. A conceptual framework for organizational behavior is presented, along with numerous case illustrations and examples from live organizational settings. This monograph consists of 14 chapters and opens with an introduction to organizational behavior and how it is influenced by principles of human behavior. The three main subareas or schools of management thought are discussed, together with the difference between knowledge work and non-knowledge work; how research and theory contribute to an understanding of organizational behavior; and the distinction between structure and process. The following chapters explore how the meaning of work relates to work motivation, as well as the link between work motivation and job performance; behavioral aspects of decision making; stresses in managerial and professional life; and political maneuvering in organizations. Small group behavior, leadership styles, and interpersonal communications are also considered, along with intergroup conflict and organizational effectiveness. This book will be of interest to students, managers, and staff specialists, as well as behavioral scientists and management theorists.

  • Strategic Perspectives on Social Policy

    Pergamon International Library of Science, Technology, Engineering and Social Studies
    • 1st Edition
    • John E. Tropman + 2 more
    • English
    Strategic Perspectives on Social Policy is a collection of readings that provide insights into social policy processes, analysis, and implication. The goal is to locate social policy within a context that suggests the possibility of a wider array of choices for the policymakers. The distinction between social policy and social program is given emphasis. This book has 14 chapters divided into four sections. The first section deals with the relation between politics and policy, with emphasis on the link between social science and social policy as well as on the influence of social values on the direction of policy. The next section illustrates some of the critical skills and technologies that may be used to facilitate the process of making choices and decisions. Topics covered include policy research and analysis; the development and structuring of policy; policy purveyance and implementation; and assessment and evaluation of policy. The chapters that follow explore some of the more important contexts of the ""loci"" of social change, along with the kinds of mechanisms that may be used to make choices operational. This monograph is intended for policymakers and others interested in the policy-making process, as well as for students and teachers in the areas of political science, sociology, social work, public policy, and social planning.

  • Introduction to Psychology for Medical Students

    • 1st Edition
    • R. R. Hetherington + 2 more
    • English
    Introduction to Psychology for Medical Students deals with general psychology aimed for medical undergraduate students. The book discusses psychology and its relevance to medicine, particularly on the relation of the mind and the treatment of physical diseases. The authors explain perceiving and imagining; and how perception is dependent on past experience or learning, and the effects of motivation and of mood on perception. The authors also discuss abstract and concrete thinking, emotional use of words, unconscious thinking, creative thinking, learning, and remembering. The unconscious process of forgetting of unwelcome memories is repression, while consciously trying to forget them is suppression. The authors also explain normal conflict, frustration, and reaction to stress including the physical aspects of emotions causing increases in blood pressure, in adrenaline flow, or in blood glucose level. The authors also discuss the hypnotic states, individual susceptibility, the induction of hypnotic states, and their clinical applications. This book is intended for medical undergraduate students, as well as to general readers interested in psychology and human behavior.

  • Information Protection Playbook

    • 1st Edition
    • Greg Kane + 1 more
    • English
    The primary goal of the Information Protection Playbook is to serve as a comprehensive resource for information protection (IP) professionals who must provide adequate information security at a reasonable cost. It emphasizes a holistic view of IP: one that protects the applications, systems, and networks that deliver business information from failures of confidentiality, integrity, availability, trust and accountability, and privacy. Using the guidelines provided in the Information Protection Playbook, security and information technology (IT) managers will learn how to implement the five functions of an IP framework: governance, program planning, risk management, incident response management, and program administration. These functions are based on a model promoted by the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA) and validated by thousands of Certified Information Security Managers. The five functions are further broken down into a series of objectives or milestones to be achieved in order to implement an IP framework. The extensive appendices included at the end of the book make for an excellent resource for the security or IT manager building an IP program from the ground up. They include, for example, a board of directors presentation complete with sample slides; an IP policy document checklist; a risk prioritization procedure matrix, which illustrates how to classify a threat based on a scale of high, medium, and low; a facility management self-assessment questionnaire; and a list of representative job descriptions for roles in IP. The Information Protection Playbook is a part of Elsevier’s Security Executive Council Risk Management Portfolio, a collection of real world solutions and "how-to" guidelines that equip executives, practitioners, and educators with proven information for successful security and risk management programs.

  • Handbook of the Economics of Art and Culture

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • Victor A. Ginsburgh + 1 more
    • English
    This volume emphasizes the economic aspects of art and culture, a relatively new field that poses inherent problems for economics, with its quantitative concepts and tools. Building bridges across disciplines such as management, art history, art philosophy, sociology, and law, editors Victor Ginsburgh and David Throsby assemble chapters that yield new perspectives on the supply and demand for artistic services, the contribution of the arts sector to the economy, and the roles that public policies play. With its focus on culture rather than the arts, Ginsburgh and Throsby bring new clarity and definition to this rapidly growing area.

  • Managing Extreme Financial Risk

    Strategies and Tactics for Going Concerns
    • 1st Edition
    • Karamjeet Paul
    • English
    Managing Extreme Financial Risk addresses the need for better management strategies in light of increased market risk and volatility in financial institutions' revenue models. Top officials from the financial and regulatory industries point to real corporate issues, showing how institutions react to financial crises. From first-hand experiences, they explain how effective sustainability management does not just prevent being blindsided; it also leads to proactive solutions that enhance an institution's strength to weather a sudden financial crisis, add significant shareholder value, and reduce systemic risk. Readable, coherent, and logical, Managing Extreme Financial Risk shows how extreme risk needs to be handled when the cost of being wrong means the difference between life and death of the institution.

  • Data Stewardship

    An Actionable Guide to Effective Data Management and Data Governance
    • 1st Edition
    • David Plotkin
    • English
    Data stewards in business and IT are the backbone of a successful data governance implementation because they do the work to make a company’s data trusted, dependable, and high quality. Data Stewardship explains everything you need to know to successfully implement the stewardship portion of data governance, including how to organize, train, and work with data stewards, get high-quality business definitions and other metadata, and perform the day-to-day tasks using a minimum of the steward’s time and effort. David Plotkin has loaded this book with practical advice on stewardship so you can get right to work, have early successes, and measure and communicate those successes, gaining more support for this critical effort.

  • The Logic of Explanation in Psychoanalysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Michael Sherwood
    • English
    The Logic of Explanation in Psychoanalysis is this is the first full-length study of a single case history written by a practicing psychiatrist from the standpoint of the philosophy of science. This book is a contribution to the growing dialogue between philosophers of science and psychiatrists. It ranges in scope from highly technical linguistic issues to problems concerning Freud's early theory of psychosexual development. The study's primary appeal will be, on the one hand, to those philosophers interested in logical problems in the behavioral sciences and, on the other, to those psychiatrists and psychoanalysts who are not content simply to worry about the very real difficulties of psychotherapy, but who also feel obliged to concern themselves with the scientific status of a psychodynamically oriented theory of human behavior. However, the importance and contemporary relevance of such an interdisciplinary approach will be apparent to a far wider audience. Therefore, an attempt has been made to present the material in a manner both appealing and comprehensible to readers who may lack the specialized knowledge required of either the philosopher or the psychiatrist. In so doing it is hoped that an even wider based dialogue can be established.

  • Negotiation Behavior

    • 1st Edition
    • Dean G. Pruitt
    • Peter Warr
    • English
    Negotiation Behavior is a theoretical synthesis of what is known about negotiation as a general phenomenon. The principles presented are illustrated with examples of negotiation from many specific realms. A great deal of attention is devoted to the motives, perceptions, and other microprocesses underlying the behavior of negotiators and to the results of laboratory experiments on negotiation. Comprised of seven chapters, this book begins by defining negotiation and contrasting it with other forms of multiparty decision making, along with its significance and the nature of research on the subject. Two fundamental theoretical notions are presented: the strategic choice model and the goal/expectation hypothesis. Subsequent chapters focus on where bargainers place their demands as well as the strategies they use to foster their interests while moving toward agreement. The reader is introduced to key concepts such as demand level and concession rate, competitive tactics, and coordinative behavior, together with integrative agreements and third-party intervention in negotiation (mediation and arbitration). This monograph will be of value to practitioners in the fields of organizational and occupational psychology, social psychology, economics, industrial relations, and international relations.

  • Psychological Processes in Pattern Recognition

    • 1st Edition
    • Stephen K. Reed
    • E. C. Carterette + 1 more
    • English
    Psychological Processes in Pattern Recognition describes information-processi... models of pattern recognition. This book is organized into five parts encompassing 11 chapters that particularly focus on visual pattern recognition and the many issues relevant to a more general theory of pattern recognition. The first three parts cover the representation, temporal effects, and memory codes of pattern recognition. These parts include the features, templates, schemata, and structural descriptions of information processing models. The principles of parallel matching, iconic storage, and the components and networks of memory codes are also considered. The remaining two parts look into the perceptual classification and response selection of pattern recognition. These parts specifically tackle the development of probability, distance, and recognition models. This book is intended primarily for psychologists, graduate students, and researchers who are interested in the problems of pattern recognition and human information processing.

  • Groups in Contact

    The Psychology of Desegregation
    • 1st Edition
    • Norman S. Miller + 1 more
    • English
    Groups in Contact: The Psychology of Desegregation uses the contact hypothesis as a point of departure and provides new data obtained in a variety of social contexts. The contact hypothesis states that attitudes toward a disliked social group will become more positive with increased interpersonal interaction. The various chapters provide a picture of the desegregation process as a complex interplay between the cognitive processes within the individual and the structural features of the social environment. What emerges is an expanded theory of contact based on social categorization and social comparison processes. The book is organized into three parts. The chapters in Part I deal with issues of intergroup contact in a wide range of cultures and settings, each focusing on a particular social or political factor that influences receptivity to intergroup interaction and affects its outcomes. The chapters in Part II review the effects of specific interventions that have been introduced into desegregation settings with the intent of improving intergroup acceptance in those settings. Part III provides a systematic integration of the preceding chapters within a common theoretical framework. Although this book is written primarily from the perspective of social psychology, it is intended for students of intergroup relations in all disciplines. It was also written with policymakers, as well as social science researchers, in mind.

  • The Psychology of Private Events

    Perspectives on Covert Response Systems
    • 1st Edition
    • Alfred Jacobs + 1 more
    • English
    The Psychology of Private Events: Perspectives on Covert Response Systems provides evidence that the assessment and manipulation of private events such as thoughts, feelings, and images facilitates the prediction and control of human behavior. The individual contributions represent a variety of approaches to theorizing and research into private events, and to the clinical applications or potential applications which have been generated by such study. The authors have addressed themselves in creative and ingenious ways to such diverse topics as creating resistance to temptation; developing feelings of attraction to appropriate sex objects; training people to experience less pain; and having mental hospital patients practice being happier. This book will be of primary interest to students and teachers of psychology, particularly those interested in behaviorally oriented clinical research and practice. Other professionals and teachers in the social sciences may also find it useful to become aware of the newer trends in psychology.

  • Instructional Practices

    • 1st Edition
    • D. L. Forrest-Pressley + 2 more
    • English
    Metacognition, Cognition, and Human Performance, Volume 2: Instructional Practices is a collection of papers that deals with applied settings that develop and test instructional programs in the field of education. The book discusses some insights in understanding the processes involved in writing and reading. The text defines metacognition — as a mental function and the directing of this function — and reading, as well as the structure of narratives. One paper proposes a model for cognitive monitoring and early reading by developing for children three knowledge domains: function of print, form of print, and conventions of print or metacognitive constructs. Other papers analyze metacognition, instruction, the role of questioning activities, as well as the connection between metacognition and learning disabilities. One author evaluates a different perspective whether attention-related difficulties are a normal development in a young child or a disability in the older child. This author also explains meta-attention pertaining to task solving, selective attention to other stimuli, and visual search of the surrounding or for a target object. One research shows that methodologies designed to induce underachieving children to regulate their own academic behavior can improve their performance. The text can prove useful to child psychologists, behavioral scientists, and students and professors in child education.

  • Land Reform in Mexico: 1910—1980

    • 1st Edition
    • Susan R. Walsh Sanderson
    • Charles Tilly + 1 more
    • English
    Land Reform in Mexico: 1910–1980 presents the workings of the Mexican government by analyzing actual policies, their implementation, and their outcomes in a significant and central sector of the Mexican economy, agriculture. This book discusses the pattern of Mexican redistribution policy in agriculture over an extensive period of time, with emphasis on the causes and effects of these policy shifts. Organized into eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of the agricultural policy and modernization strategy of Mexico. This text then relates regional variations in the rural social structure of the late 19th century to the history of Mexico's unique agricultural policy. Other chapters consider the policy shifts reflected in agrarian legislation by presidential period. This book discusses as well the politics of land reform and its linkages to local, state, and national administrations. The final chapter deals with the status of agricultural policy in Mexico during the 1980s. This book is a valuable resource for scholar and students with interest in Mexican politics.

  • Advances in Cognitive—Behavioral Research and Therapy

    Volume 5
    • 1st Edition
    • Philip C. Kendall
    • English
    Advances in Cognitive–Behavioral Research and Therapy, Volume 5 compiles assessment, treatment, and theoretical papers on cognition and behavior. This book discusses the asymmetry in the internal dialogue; reassessment of the empirical support for the rational-emotive model; and analysis of Beck's cognitive therapy for depression. The dysfunctional attitudes and a self-worth contingency model of depression; hot cognition and psychotherapy process; causal attributions in health and illness; and behavioral perspectives on the assessment and treatment of child abuse are also deliberated in this text. This publication is valuable to researchers and clinicians concerned with cognition and behavior.

  • Labor Supply and Public Policy

    A Critical Review
    • 1st Edition
    • Michael C. Keeley
    • English
    Labor Supply and Public Policy: A Critical Review deals with the theoretical and empirical econometric research done on the determinants of labor supply and with the effects of public policies on labor supply. This book reviews the various estimates made from studies concerning the economics of labor supply and evaluates the econometric methods that these studies have used. This text also analyzes the labor-supply phenomena, the costs of the different public programs, as well as, the implications of the empirical findings of these studies. The emphasis is on empirical research: many policies that are made depend on the scale of changes in the wage rates and non-market (household) income on hours of work. This book also focuses more on the determinants of the allocation of time between the market and household sectors. The text notes that by using the means of the estimates in the different studies under review, the labor-supply response to public policies involving net wages or income, shows a substantial (but not overwhelming) reaction. This book then correlates this finding with the tax and transfer programs, such as food stamps, unemployment insurance, AFDC (aid to families with dependent children), and NIT (negative income tax). This book is suitable for economists, social workers, and policy makers who are involved in social services, community development, welfare, taxation, labor, and employment.

  • The Balance of Payments Adjustment Process in Developing Countries

    Pergamon Policy Studies on Socio-Economic Development
    • 1st Edition
    • Sidney Dell + 1 more
    • English
    The Balance of Payments Adjustment Process in Developing Countries deals with the manner in which the burden of adjustment to balance of payments disequilibrium in the 1970s was distributed between developed and developing countries. The book discusses the evidence on changes in the volume of trade; the evidence on price changes and their effects on the accounts of various groups of countries; and the general considerations regarding the character of the deficits of developing countries. The text also describes the mechanisms through which external disturbances are transmitted to the domestic economy, as well as certain questions relating to the financing of the deficits of developing countries. The changes in the world economy; the ways in which changes in the world economy affected the external accounts of the countries; and the effects of changes in the external accounts on developments in the domestic economy are also considered. The book further tackles the policy measures adopted to counter the deterioration in external balance and in growth performance and prospects; as well as the main issues that arise in the course of the adjustment process, at both national and international levels.

  • The Concept of Schizophrenia

    • 1st Edition
    • W. F. McAuley
    • English
    The Concept of Schizophrenia considers the historical background, evolution, and genetic and environmental aspects of schizophrenia. This book is composed of eight chapters, and begins with a description of the dynamic concept of schizophrenia. The next chapters examine the role of heredity, and social and environmental conditions on human personality. The remaining chapters discuss the neurophysiology, metabolism, diagnosis, and treatment options of this condition. This book will be of value to neurologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, and general practitioners.

  • People: An International Choice

    The Multilateral Approach to Population
    • 1st Edition
    • Rafael M. Salas
    • English
    People: An International Choice: The Multilateral Approach to Population focuses on the United Nations Fund for Population Activities' (UNFPA) international population policy, with emphasis on its multilateral approach to the world population problem. It examines how the UNFPA has tied its population programs with general social and economic progress. The methods that were used in building up the Fund to serve as an honest broker between the developed and the developing countries, as well as its successes and failures in responding to requests for aid, are discussed. This book is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with an overview of the UNFPA and its principles with respect to population problems. UNFPA has three quite different constituencies within the United Nations system whose support it needs to remain viable and to develop effective programs: the donors (primarily in the developed world), the recipients (primarily in the developing world), and the organizations carrying out UNFPA-financed programs. Subsequent chapters consider the UNFPA's early population programs and the steps it has taken to address the growing population worldwide, including staff recruitment and fundraising. This monograph should be of interest to those concerned with public sector management, development assistance, and population programs, or with improving international relations.

  • Psychoprophylactic Preparation for Painless Childbirth

    • 1st Edition
    • Isidore Bonstein
    • English
    Psychoprophylactic Preparation for Painless Chidlbirth covers the principles and physiological aspects of painless childbirth through psychoprophylactic technique. Painless childbirth by the psychoprophylactic method is the result of a psychical education of the pregnant woman, during the last weeks of pregnancy. This book is composed of 13 chapters, and begins with an introduction to the psycho-physiology of the brain and its role in childbirth, as well as the pain in childbirth. The succeeding chapter outlines the course of eight lectures presented at the psychoprophylactic preparation seminar. These lectures are followed by discussions on material requisites and the directions for labor and delivery. A chapter highlights the very important role of the husband in the psychoprophylactic method. This chapter also outlines eight lectures for husbands. The concluding chapters survey the three methods to evaluate painless childbirth, including the clinical observations of the general behavior and neuro-vegative changes of the parturient, as well as the testimony of the parturient herself. This book will prove useful to obstetrics, neuro-surgeons, gynecologists, and odontologists.

  • Advances in the Study of Aggression

    Volume 2
    • 1st Edition
    • Robert J. Blanchard + 1 more
    • English
    Advances in the Study of Aggression, Volume 2 is a compendium of papers that discusses application of techniques and programs to human problems of aggression control. Papers evaluate interactive variables and phenomena in aggressive behavior: namely, the behavior of victims and perpetrators; the experience of the aggressive person before and after the aggressive event; pharmacological agents such as alcohol; and limitations on access to social opportunities for these same persons. A significant commonality of these papers is their recognition of the importance cognitive factors play in the control of aggression. One paper argues that a variety of emotional, physiological, situational, social, and cognitive antecedents regulate the expression of aggressive behavior. Another paper explains that in using punishment techniques, which can effectively control aggression, the inherent problems should be balanced against the benefits to victims, to the aggressor, and to society. One paper reviews studies that have examined the impact of television violence on children, as well as the attitude program designed by Huesmann et al. (1983) to mitigate these effects. The paper points out that though programs designed to mitigate the effects of sexual violence on young adults can be worthwhile, waiting until late adolescence or early adulthood is already waiting too long. The compendium can prove valuable for police administrators, criminologists, counselors, psychologists, lawyers, social workers, and parents of young and adolescent children.

  • Background to the English Civil War

    The Commonwealth and International Library: History Division
    • 1st Edition
    • Frank W. Jessup
    • G. M. D. Howat
    • English
    Background to the English Civil War is a collection of literature that attempts to address various queries about the English civil war. The book is comprised 13 chapters that cover various concerns in the conflict. The text first covers the arrival of the Stuarts, and then proceeds to present materials about Charles I. Chapter 3 tackles the growing tension between the king and the population. The next chapter deals with early stages of the war. Next, the book details the execution of Charles I, the battle that comes after, and the eventual restoration of the Stuarts. The selection will be of great use to readers who have a keen interest in English history.

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