Life-Span Developmental Psychology

List of Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgments

Normative Life Crises: Academic and Applied Perspectives

1. Normative Life Crises: Academic Perspectives

I. Introduction

II. Academic and Applied Perspectives: The Uneasy Interface

III. Temporal Constraints: A Lesson from Practitioners

IV. Contextual Constraints: Perspectives from Other Disciplines

V. From Conference to Proceedings

References

2. Normative Life Crises: Applied Perspectives

I. Human Behavior Theory in Social Work Education

II. Life-Span Theory and the Social Tradition

Normative Life Crises in Individual Development

3. Is Death a Life Crisis? On the Confrontation with Death in Theory and Practice

I. Purpose and Scope

II. Death: Some Definitions and Interpretations

III. Do We Die in Stages?

IV. Death in Theory and Practice: Selected Problems

References

4. Ego Development and Preferential Judgment in Life-Span Perspective

I. Introduction

II. A Critical Evaluation of Life-Span Ego Theories

III. Metatheory for a Theory of Ego Development

IV. Stages of Ego Development

V. An Illustrative Empirical Evaluation

VI. Discussion of Selected Issues

VII. Summary Characteristics of the Proposed Scheme of Ego Development

References

5. Formal Models of Ego Development: A Practitioner's Response

I. Overview of Selected Issues

II. Development: An Open-Ended Process

III. Crisis Theory

IV. Whither Theories of Ego Development and the Practitioner?

V. Conclusion

References

6. Adult Life Crises: A Dialectic Interpretation of Development

I. Introduction

II. Contradictions and Crises in Adult Life

III. Conclusions

References

7. Crises: An Abstract Model versus Individual Experience

8. Adaptive Processes in Late Life

I. On the Nature of Crisis

II. A Framework for Looking at Hypotheses Relevant to Discriminating between Successful and Unsuccessful Adaptation

III. Empirical Illustrations of the Predictive Framework

References

9. Adaptation and Survival: New Meanings in Old Age

Normative Life Crisis in the Family Life Cycle

10. Parenthood: A Key to the Comparative Study of the Life Cycle

I. Adulthood and Parenthood: Neglected Topics in Psychology

II. Sex Differences and the Parental Emergency

III. The Normal Unisex of Later Life

IV. New Life Styles and the Parental Imperative

References

11. The Further Evolution of the Parental Imperative

I. The Parental Imperative: Directions for Future Change

II. The Parental Imperative: The Limits of Explanation

References

12. Sex Roles and Depression

I. Introduction

II. Background and Methods

III. Sex Differences in Depression

IV. Disenchantment with Homemaking

V. Occupational Strains and Depression

VI. Summary and Conclusions

References

13. Situational Stress: A Hopi Example

I. Sex Roles and Depression: Cross-Cultural Findings

II. Hopi Women and Stress

III. Stress and Depression

IV. Stress and the Life Cycle

References

14. Widowhood: Societal Factors in Life-Span Disruptions and Alternatives

I. Widowhood

II. Widowhood in the Lives of Women

III. Social Roles of Women in Modern Societies

IV. Social Roles in the Lives of Widows in Modern Societies

V. Summary and Conclusions

References

Normative Life Crises and the Social System

15. Adult Socialization: Ambiguity and Adult Life Crises

I. Adult Socialization

II. Social Learning Approach to Adult Socialization

III. Anticipatory Socialization

IV. Adult Life Crises

V. Conclusion

References

16. A Clinical Approach to the Theoretical Constructs of Failure and Normality

17. The Life Course, Age Grading, and Age-Linked Demands for Decision Making

I. The Life Course

II. Age Grading

III. Age-Related Demands for Decision Making

IV. Turning Points in the Life Course

V. Conclusion

References

18. The Changing Life Cycle of Work

I. Introduction

II. Hours and Income, 1870 and 1970

III. The Changing Work Cycle and Worker Dissatisfaction

IV. Some Speculation about the Future

References

19. Accommodating Old People in Society: Examples from Appalachia and New Orleans

I. The Societal Perspective

II. Retirement to the Porch

III. Accommodation of the Old in Urban Settings

IV. Accommodating Old People in Society

References

20. Death and Public Policy: A Research Inquiry

I. Background of the Problem

II. Public Policy and Death: Needs of Future Research

References

Subject Index