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Elsevier

Books in Agricultural and biological sciences

The Agricultural and Biological Sciences collection advances science-based knowledge for the improvement of animal and plant life and for secure food systems that produce nutritious, novel, sustainable foods with minimal environmental impact. Food Science titles include not only those products from agriculture but all other aspects from food production to nutrition, health and safety, chemistry to security, policy, law and regulation. Biological Sciences address animal behaviour and biodiversity, organismal and evolutionary biology, entomology, marine biology and aquaculture, plant science and forestry.

  • Disease Resistance in Plants

    • 2nd Edition
    • J.E. Vanderplank
    • English
    Disease Resistance in Plants, Second Edition, looks at genetic, epidemiologic, biochemical, and biometric principles for developing new cultivars possessing genetic resistance to diseases. It examines the nature of disease resistance and resistance genes, and it highlights the importance of stabilizing selection, sugar, biotrophy, and necrotrophy to obtain the greatest possible yields. Organized into 17 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of disease resistance in plants and the ways to develop disease-resistant variants. It then discusses unspecific resistance; the resistance gene paradox; susceptibility and resistance within narrow host taxa; phenotypic variation and gene numbers in host plants; discontinuous variation and cytoplasmic inheritance; and experimental difficulties in partitioning variance. The reader is also introduced to epistasis and the structure of virulence in pathogens; the notion of physiological race; how the pathogen adapts to the host; mutation in the pathogen from avirulence to virulence; horizontal and vertical resistance to disease and its epidemiological effects; and the link between protein polymorphism and vertical resistance. In addition, the book discusses genes for susceptibility in the host versus genes for avirulence (or virulence) in the pathogen; sink-induced loss of resistance; high-sugar disease processes and biotrophy; slow rusting of cereal crops; plant resistance against endemic disease; and the accumulation of resistance genes in heterogeneous host populations. This book will be useful to plant pathologists and plant breeders.

  • Microbiological Quality of Foods

    • 1st Edition
    • L Slanetz
    • English
    Microbiological Quality of Foods contains the proceedings of a conference held in Franconia, New Hampshire, on August 27-29, 1962. Contributors review the state of knowledge of foodborne diseases and discuss the use and efficiency of microbiological tests and standards for food quality from the academic, regulatory, and industrial standpoints. Problems related to the use of microorganisms as an index of food quality are given special attention. This book includes a consideration of total counts, coliforms, fecal streptococci, and the detection of specific pathogens. This text is organized into 26 chapters and begins with an overview of the status of microbiological tests and standards that have been developed to ensure food quality. The book then discusses the concerns of regulators at the federal and local levels concerning food microbiology, particularly the safety or wholesomeness of foods. The next chapters focus on industry perspectives regarding food safety; the role of universities in food microbiological research; and problems and challenges presented by foodborne diseases. The book also introduces the reader to staphylococcal enterotoxins, halophilic bacteria, botulism, and Clostridium perfringens that causes food poisoning. This book is a valuable resource for those involved in food microbiology, science and technology, and industry; bacteriology; and public health.

  • Light Emission By Plants and Bacteria

    • 1st Edition
    • Jan Amesz
    • English
    Light Emission by Plants and Bacteria deals mainly with light coming from plants and bacteria as a result of various different reactions. This book emphasizes the light emission from photosynthetic organisms. The major aim of this book is to give insight on light emission studies in plant and bacteria in terms of its physiological, biophysical, and biochemical relevance. The book is divided into six parts. Part I serves as an introduction and at the same time a historical review and development of different concepts of the emission phenomena. Part II tackles the relationship of light emission to the various photosynthetic reactions. Part III discusses the concept of bioluminescence, with a focus on bacteria and dinoflagellates. Part IV is a description of the light emission from bacteriorhodopsin and rhodopsin. Part V discusses the special light emission characteristics and their relationship to specialized pigment systems found in different bacteria and plant groups. It also reviews the fluorescence properties of photosynthetic bacteria. Lastly, Part VI basically shows the practical applications of light emission from algae as well as higher plants. This book contains not only relevant information about theories and concepts, but also experiments. Thus, it is a recommended reference to researchers and students alike in the field of cell biology, microbiology, plant physiology, biochemistry, biophysics, and agriculture.

  • Insect Colonization and Mass Production

    • 1st Edition
    • Carroll Smith
    • English
    Insect Colonization and Mass Production reviews the great strides that have been made in the colonization and mass production of insects, including the methods used in rearing representative species and the general principles of nutrition and management that can be applied to the colonization of other species. The book highlights some of the notable successes in mass production and some examples of groups in which the difficulties inherent in laboratory rearing have not yet been overcome. Organized into five sections encompassing 39 chapters, this book begins with an overview of research in entomology that is facilitated by the availability of thriving insect colonies, along with the possibility of controlling insects directly by utilizing the insects, themselves, or by utilizing products derived from insects. Each chapter contains some historical background, as well as a description of the most efficient methods of production. Some chapters are concerned with only a single species, serving as an example of its taxonomic group, and to a lesser extent of other insects with similar nutritional and environmental requirements. Other chapters discuss rearing methods for entire groups of species that share common requirements. Insects covered by the book range from lice and ticks to fleas, flies, moths, yellow fever mosquitoes, and different species of worms. This book will be of interest to entomologists as well as students involved in insect physiology, behavior, and genetics.

  • Physiological Mammalogy V2

    • 1st Edition
    • William Mayer
    • English
    Physiological Mammalogy, Volume II: Mammalian Reactions to Stressful Environments deals with natural mammalian populations and their adaptations to stressful environments. The book explores the physiology and morphology of reproduction and development; water metabolism; and hibernation. This volume is organized into three chapters and begins with a discussion of aspects of reproduction and embryology that are purely mammalian, emphasizing the mammalian reproductive organs and the evolutionary trends in such organs. The next chapter focuses on water balance in desert rodents. Inasmuch as reproduction is considerably affected by the environment, it also can be considered a process modified by environmental stresses. The final chapter examines hibernation as a mechanism for mammals to avoid periods of unfavorable environment. This chapter also describes the poikilothermic state of mammalian populations during hibernation, along with the consequences of reduced metabolic rate during hibernation. Experimental animal biologists and those who work with mammals will find this book invaluable.

  • The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue V6

    Structure IV and Physiology IV
    • 1st Edition
    • Geoffrey Bourne
    • English
    The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue, Volume VI: Structure IV and Physiology IV covers topics pertaining to ependyma and subependymal layer, filaments and tubules, synapse, epiphysis cerebri, excitation, macromolecules, and dopamine in the nervous system. The book particularly discusses the main structural features and functions of the ependyma and subependymal layer. It describes the ultrastructure of the synapse, and the nonspecific changes of the central nervous system in normal and experimental materials. It also includes the molecular biology of developing mammalian brain. In addition, the ""macromolecular picture"" of nerve excitation based on accumulated experimental findings from intracellularly perfused squid giant axons is presented. Lastly, evidence pertaining to the view that dopamine plays an important role in the control of extrapyramidal (striatal) motor functions is shown. This book will be very useful for graduate students in a variety of disciplines and for those specializing in particular aspects of nervous tissue study.

  • The Mycoplasmas V1

    Cell Biology
    • 1st Edition
    • M.F. Barile
    • English
    The Mycoplasmas, Volume I: Cell Biology is a volume of a comprehensive three-volume series encompassing various facets of mycoplasmology, emphasizing outstanding developments made in the field. This volume deals specifically with the cell biology of the mycoplasmas. This book focuses on problems regarding mycoplasma classification, phylogenetics, and relatedness to wall-covered bacteria; their unique molecular biology, energy metabolism, transport mechanisms, antigenic structure, and membrane biochemistry. The characterization, ultrastructure, and molecular biology of the mycoplasmaviruses, as well as the special properties of several groups of mycoplasmas, such as Ureaplasma, Acholeplasma, Thermoplasma, and Anaeroplasma, are also described. This book will serve as a standard reference work for mycoplasmologists, as well as for other interested microbiologists, cellular and molecular biologists, membrane biochemists, clinicians, veterinarians, plant pathologists, and entomologists.

  • Gene Manipulations in Fungi

    • 1st Edition
    • J.W. Bennett
    • English
    Gene Manipulations in Fungi combines a review of classical fungal genetics, contemporary research, and responsible speculation about the future. This book focuses on yeasts and molds; because yeast is the primary model system for eukaryotes and that there is an elegant research on molds. The applications of fungi, including their economic importance, are addressed. The book emphasizes the need for improved transformation systems, appropriate vectors, and broadly applicable selectable markers in this field of interest. This book will help stimulate the development of innovative approaches in this subject matter.

  • Biotic Interactions and Soil-Borne Diseases

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 23
    • A.B.R. Beemster + 5 more
    • English
    This volume contains a collection of all the papers presented at the founding conference of the European Foundation for Plant Pathology, held from 26th February to 2nd March 1990 at Wageningen, The Netherlands. It focusses on the theme of "Biotic Interactions and Soil-Borne Diseases", on which there are contributions from leading European scientists in the field of soil-borne diseases. Ways of exploiting biotic processes and phenomena which result in plant production harmless to the environment are explored.

  • Vehicle Traction Mechanics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 3
    • R.N. Yong + 2 more
    • English
    The fundamental problem in the study of vehicle mobility is the development of traction between the vehicle and the supporting terrain. The mechanics of energy transfer will essentially control the final performance of the surficial machine. Determining and predicting the capability of a particular piece of machinery to traverse successfully a specific piece of terrain is very complex, particularly as the characteristics and properties of different types of terrain cover vary considerably, as do the many types of vehicle and their running gear.The material that forms the basis of this book has been gathered over many years of study both in the laboratory and in the field. It studies vehicle traction mechanics from the viewpoint of the interaction between the vehicle and the ground surface. The types of machines covered include earth-moving, forestry, agricultural, and construction machines. In addition, the mechanisms involved in the development of traction and the working of the terrain through cultivation, construction and surface disturbances are examined. The book also addresses the problems of off-road mobility and terrain trafficability, especially from the terrain-support and terrain interaction points of view. It is the authors' aim that the book will provide the reader with the ability to both analyze and predict the traction capability of his proposed machinery, and also to anticipate the kinds of reactions that will occur in the ground and at the ground surface.

  • Methods in Mammalian Reproduction

    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph C. Jr. Daniel
    • English
    Methods in Mammalian Reproduction presents some of the techniques for manipulating, analyzing, observing, testing, and generally experimenting with mammalian mothers and their gametes and embryos. Mammalian reproduction involves an intimate relationship between mother and embryo. The first 18 chapters are arranged in an order that follows a developmental sequence from oocyte to fetal organs and the remaining seven chapters deal with the maternal side of the relationship. With strong focus on laboratory rodents and lagomorphs, the book starts with an introduction to in vitro oocyte maturation and experimental production of mammalian parthenogenetic. It goes on to describe the microtechniques in pre-implantation of embryos, production of chimeras, techniques for early embryonic tissue separation, mammalian embryo preservation by freezing, and in vitro development of whole mouse embryos beyond the implantation stage. Chapters 11-15 discuss the in vitro implantation of mouse blastocysts, advances in rabbit embryo and in large mammal embryo cultures, embryo transfer in large domestic mammals, and manipulation of marsupial embryos and pouch young. The following chapters cover reproduction experiments using marsupials, domestic farm species, and primates including humans. Finally, the concluding chapters tackle the use of amniocentesis in prenatal diagnosis, collection and analysis of female genital tract secretions, analysis of antifertility action of intrauterine devices, and surgical induction of endometriosis. This book will be helpful to students, teachers, researchers, and clinical researchers who demand for more and better procedures for analysis of mammalian reproduction.

  • Plant Roots and Their Environment

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 24
    • B.L. McMichael + 1 more
    • English
    Scientists, within a wide field, ranging from applied forestry and agriculture to physiology, ecology and the environmental sciences, are today more than ever involved in root and mycorrhizal research. New problem-oriented research fields have arisen such as the effects of fertilizers and pesticides, forest management and regeneration etc. At a time when root research is expanding into different areas, it is much more difficult for the root scientist to penetrate all the new information appearing in literature.The contributors of this volume are leading scientists from different fields of root research. The ISRR-symposium in Uppsala clearly demonstrated that there are new techniques in progress, in particular with regards to video recording of plant root systems and digital image processing. The main objectives of the symposium were (i) to provide a forum for communication between scientists from different disciplines working with root research problems, (ii) to contribute to an expansion of root studies into new areas, (iii) to use current estimates of root turnover for charting the upper and lower limit of below-ground production, and (iv) to spread knowledge of new findings and techniques of the importance of root research.This book is aimed at serving as a vehicle for improving the coherence of root research, for harmonizing methods and establishing overall objectives and gaps in the knowledge of rhizosphere dynamics.

  • Biotic Diversity in Agroecosystems

    • 1st Edition
    • D. Pimentel + 1 more
    • English
    The preservation of biodiversity is a high priority among biologists, ecologists and environmentalists. The impact that human activities have on biodiversity is clear; however, few studies have focused on the importance of biodiversity to natural and agricultural ecosystems. In fact, many natural species are essential to sustainable agricultural programs. A new school of thought is appreciating the ecological principles and benefits that diversity of natural biota have for humans and the environment. Landscape ecology and agroecology can play a major role in protecting the environment and conserving biological diversity. The practical opportunities for improving the sustainability of agriculture and making it more environmentally sound were discussed at the Symposium on Agroecology and Conservation Issues, from which 22 papers were collected for this volume. Strategies for increasing biodiversity in agricultural landscapes are provided alongside discussion that agriculture will continue to spread into forests, to meet the growing need for food. Although humans recognize the value of crop and livestock species, few really appreciate the fact that agriculture and forestry cannot function in a productive sustainable way when significant numbers of species in natural biota are lost.

  • Genetic Control of Insect Pests

    • 1st Edition
    • G Davidson
    • English
    Genetic Control of Insect Pests focuses on laboratory and field trials of genetic control methods of insects, which entails the use of insects to control themselves. It particularly describes species-specific and non-polluting genetic methods that have the advantage over most other methods of being efficient when the target insect is in low density, as the released insects have the capacity to search out the wild populations. Composed of nine chapters, the core parts of the book cover the mass-rearing, sterilization, and release of populations in the hope that these will mate with wild populations, leading to fertility reduction and population elimination. The book also examines techniques that use naturally existing population incompatibilities and techniques, which can result in population replacement rather than eradication with the intention to render such replacement populations harmless beforehand by genetic manipulation. This book is a valuable source of information for those who are searching for biological alternatives of insect pests control.

  • The Biology of Mycoplasmas

    • 1st Edition
    • Paul F. Smith
    • English
    The Biology of Mycoplasmas discusses the origins, structure, significance, and dynamics of reproduction and growth of mycoplasmas. It also explains the relationship of mycoplasmas to bacteria and bacterial L-forms as well as to its chemical and physical environment. The book compares mycoplasmas with other group of microorganisms. In this way, it explains the rationale of separating this group from other groups. Aside from describing the organism and its growth and relationships, the book also explains the pathogenicity and significance of mycoplasmas as cells. It also discusses the immunological response to this group of organisms. This book will be invaluable to general biological scientist as well as to undergraduate and graduate students specializing in biology, microbiology, and other related sciences.

  • Immune Surveillance

    • 1st Edition
    • Richard T. Smith
    • English
    Immune Surveillance deals with the issues regarding tumor immunology and surveillance, in which the central theme is all about the life span of the mammalian host that is depleted by the environment with mutagenic agents and solutions. The book is divided into six chapters. It includes discussions on the organization and modulation of cell membrane receptors, as well as the origin and expression of membrane antigens. It also covers the topics on the triggering mechanisms for and effector mechanisms activated by the cellular recognition. These topics analyze and evaluate alternatives for the recognition and destruction mechanisms in the knowledge of cell cooperation and requirements for immune recognition. A chapter provides discourse on a solution for the paradox of thriving tumors based on the demonstrable in vitro host immunity. Another discusses the generation of antibody diversity and the theory of self-tolerance. The last chapter explains the evaluation of the evidence for immune surveillance. This reference will be invaluable to those who specialize in immunology.

  • Comparative Diagnosis of Viral Diseases

    Vertebrate Animal and Related Viruses Part B—DNA Viruses
    • 1st Edition
    • Edouard Kurstak
    • English

  • Chemistry of the Cell Interface Part A

    • 1st Edition
    • Harry Brown
    • English
    Chemistry of the Cell Interface discusses reactions involving the cells structured elements and interfacial reaction systems, which are extrapolations from the conventional methodology of solution biochemistry. The contributions to this two-volume book deal with the relationship of structure to biochemical reactions. Part A (Chapters I-V) deals with the components of complex subcellular systems, in vitro interface relationships model for lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions, and reaction model for chemical phenomena in systems having restricted degrees of freedom. Part B (Chapters VI-VIII) covers waters contributions to the reaction systems, the consideration of modified proteins as model reactants, and the aspects of protein chemistry pertinent to the design of interface experimental systems. The book is suited for readers who wish to broaden their understanding in interface chemistry within the biological cell.

  • Retroviruses and Disease

    • 1st Edition
    • Hidesaburo Hanafusa
    • English
    Retroviruses and Disease presents a relevant summary of the state of knowledge in both human nonhuman retroviruses. It highlights significant concepts regarding their commonalities and differences in terms of retroviral systems. A section of this book covers the pathogenic human retroviruses and focuses on two. These are HLTV-1 (the first human retrovirus that was isolated) and HIV (the cause of a potent immunological disorder). The life cycle of replication-competen... retroviruses, including the murine leukemia viruses and its functions, is discussed in Chapters 1 and 2. The focus of the third chapter is the transformation of Rous sarcoma virus. Meanwhile, Chapter 4 discusses the multiple stages in avian leukosis virus-induced B cell lymphoma. Oncogenes, the molecular basis of human cancer, are also covered in this book. Another virus also discussed in this book is the human T cell leukemia virus. The book is a good reference for students, teachers, specialists, scientists, and researchers in microbiology.

  • Genetic Improvement of Vegetable Crops

    • 1st Edition
    • G. Kalloo + 1 more
    • English
    Genetic improvement has played a vital role in enhancing the yield potential of vegetable crops. There are numerous vegetable crops grown worldwide and variable degrees of research on genetics, breeding and biotechnology have been conducted on these crops. This book brings together the results of such research on crops grouped as alliums, crucifers, cucurbits, leaf crops, tropical underground and miscellaneous. Written by eminent specialists, each chapter concentrates on one crop and covers cytology, genetics, breeding objectives, germplasm resources, reproductive biology, selection breeding methods, heterosis and hybrid seed production, quality and processing attributes and technology. This unique collection will be of great value to students, scientists and vegetable breeders as it provides a reference guide on genetics, breeding and biotechnology of a wide range of vegetable crops.

  • Feeding and Nutrition of Nonhuman primates

    • 1st Edition
    • Robert A. Harris
    • English
    Feeding and Nutrition of Nonhuman Primates is a report of a two-day meeting that aims to evaluate the knowledge and information regarding the diet of primates. The meeting also aims to recommend significant information necessary to accomplish a standardized diet for this species. The study of primates' diet is relevant, because it will serve as baseline data for biomedical research. Comprised of 16 chapters, this volume starts off with the concept of selecting nonhuman primates in the biological research. The next topics are about the observations regarding the feeding behavior of the nonhuman primates and their nutritional status. Also discussed are the feeding problems encountered by imported primates. Other problem areas in the subject of diet and nutrition are also discussed, such as the effect of altering the dietary amino acids on the nutrition of a rhesus monkey and malnutrition during early life. The following chapters describe the nutritional requirements of nonhuman primates including macaque monkeys, Cebus monkeys, squirrel and woolly monkeys, marmosets, and baboons. The observations regarding their feeding behavior are also discussed. Topics regarding nutritional deficiency diseases as well as their syndromes and diseases affecting their usefulness in nutrition research are also covered in this book. This compilation of research is a relevant resource for professionals, scientists, and researchers in primate studies and biological/biomedica... research.

  • Colonization Control of Human Bacterial Enteropathologens in Poultry

    • 1st Edition
    • Leroy Blankenship
    • English
    Colonization Control of Human Bacterial Enteropathogens in Poultry consists of papers presented at the International Symposium on Colonization Control of Human Bacterial Enteropathogens in Poultry. Organized into four parts, the book begins by discussing the environmental factors and sources associated with colonization control of human bacterial enteropathogens in poultry. It then describes the progress in the development of competitive exclusion as a treatment to prevent colonization of poultry by human bacterial enteropathogen. Presentations concerning the mechanisms of colonizationof chickens by Salmonella and Campylobacter are shown in the third part. Lastly, the book discusses the immunization aspects of controlling Salmonella commensal colonization of chickens. This book will stimulate and focus worldwide research that will accelerate progress toward the knowledge and technologies with which microbiologically safer, more wholesome poultry products can be made available toconsumers.

  • The Direct Detection of Microorganisms in Clinical Samples

    • 1st Edition
    • J. Donald Coonrod
    • English
    The Direct Detection of Microorganisms in Clinical Samples focuses on the most practical and widely used procedures for direct detection of microorganism in clinical specimens. It considers application to virology, mycology, and bacteriology. Organized into three parts, the book begins with established techniques for visualization of intact organism in clinical samples. The book then deals with immunologic techniques for detecting soluble microbial antigens. The last part considers diverse non-immunologic methods for detecting soluble constituents of organisms and their metabolites. Clinical microbiologists, infectious disease clinicians and researchers, and individuals working in analogous areas will find this book invaluable.

  • Pigment of the Imagination

    A History of Phytochrome Research
    • 1st Edition
    • Linda C. Sage
    • English
    Pigment of the Imagination chronicles the story of phytochrome, the bright-blue photoreversible pigment through which plants constantly monitor the quality and presence of light. The book begins with work that led to the discovery of phytochrome and ends with the latest findings in gene regulation and expression. The phytochrome story provides a paradigm for the process of scientific discovery. This book should thus be of interest to scientists who work on phytochrome and related subjects in plant science, as well as to all scientists and science historians interested in how a scientific research field begins, develops, and matures.

  • Isolation Characterization, and Utilization of T Lymphocyte Clones

    • 1st Edition
    • C Fathman
    • English
    Isolation, Characterization, and Utilization of T Lymphocyte Clones is a summary of information regarding T lymphocyte clones, including their usefulness. Organized into nine parts, the book begins with discussions on the soluble factors that can influence the growth of cloned T cells and the utilization of T cell hybridomas for analysis of T cell functions, emphasizing the biochemical and functional properties of helper and suppressor factors. The book then looks into the analysis of T cell clones and hybridomas using techniques of somatic cell genetics. The clonal analysis by limiting dilution, the characteristics of murine T cell clones reactive with alloantigens and soluble antigens, and the human T cell clones are described as well. This volume is valuable to those interested in the field of cloning of immunocompetent T cells.

  • Nutrition of Grazing Ruminants in Warm Climates

    • 1st Edition
    • English
    @from:From the PrefaceThe objective of this book is to review the basic knowledge and methodology of feeding grazing ruminants in tropical and semitropical countries. It is hoped this information will be of use to farmers, research specialists, teachers, students, extension specialists, feed manufacturers, and others throughout the world concerned with the nutrition of grazing ruminants. A unique feature is the identification of nutritional limitations of grazing ruminants in the tropics, which will be beneficial for increasing animal production efficiency through the application of improved nutrition. A large number of photographs illustrate nutritional deficiencies and conditions in tropical countries.This book contains 18 chapters concerned with the nutrition of grazing ruminants. The first chapter deals with the contributions, locations, and various types of ruminants and their importance to human welfare in the tropics and subtropics. Chapters 2 - 4 progress through nutrient requirements of grazing ruminants in warm climates, the effects of tropical heat on these requirements, and water requirements for ruminant species. Chapters 5 - 7 discuss grass and legume forage species suitable for tropical regions, pasture management procedures, and energy-protein supplementation programs needed during the extensive dry periods. The importance of tropical forages and soils toward meeting mineral requirements is discussed in Chapter 8. Chapters 9 -14 contain concise, up-to-date summaries of minerals emphasizing mineral status, incidence of mineral deficiencies and excesses in tropical regions, and benefits and methods of mineral supplementation for grazing ruminants are discussed in Chapters 15 - 17. Chapter 18 reviews vitamin nutrition considerations for ruminants consuming tropical forages.

  • New Technologies in Animal Breeding

    • 1st Edition
    • B G Brackett
    • English
    New Technologies in Animal Breeding looks at new reproductive technologies in breeding domestic animals, such as sex selection, frozen storage of oocytes and embryos, in vitro fertilization and embryo culture, amphibian nuclear transplantation, parthenogenesis, identical twins and cloning in mammals, and gene transfer in mammalian cells. It summarizes the state-of-the art and offers perspectives on future directions for several animal industries of great importance in food production, including artificial insemination, embryo transfer, poultry breeding, and aquaculture. Organized into five sections encompassing 14 chapters, this book begins with an overview of animals in society and perspectives on animal breeding. It then discusses the animal industries that are heavily dependent on reproductive technology, including those engaged in cloning, selfing, aquaculture, artificial insemination, and embryo transfer. It also explains the developing technologies as well as their potential applications and impacts on animal production, along with special economic considerations, such as the benefits of reproductive management, synchronization of estrus, and artificial insemination of beef cattle and sheep. The final chapter considers biomedical and agricultural research, implementation of new technologies in animal breeding, and research in animal reproduction. This book is an essential reference for scientists and researchers interested in animal science and animal reproduction.

  • Cognitive Processes of Nonhuman Primates

    • 1st Edition
    • Leonard Jarrard
    • English
    Cognitive Processes of Nonhuman Primates covers the proceedings of the Sixth Annual Symposium on Cognition, held at Carnegie-Mellon University on March 26 and 27, 1970. The symposium focuses on the status of research dealing with complex behavioral processes of monkeys and apes, providing insights into complex behavior of human and nonhuman primates. Composed of nine chapters, this book covers short-term memory in the monkey and how this relates to human short-term memory. A chapter compares memory deficits that accompany brain dysfunction in animals and man. The following chapters discuss the analysis of the development of language in a young female chimpanzee and the cogent analysis of interaction between habits and concepts in the monkey. The effects of early deprived and enriched environment on later complex behavioral processes of monkeys are also explained. Moreover, this book goes on examining the nonhuman brain capacities and the continuities with human behavior. It also discusses important research comparing delayed-response performance of several species of monkeys, age groups of children, and adults. The book will be of great help to scientists, researchers, teachers, and students who are interested in cognition processes and memory of nonhuman primates and humans.

  • Subviral Pathogens of Plants and Animals: Viroids and Prions

    • 1st Edition
    • Karl Maramorosch
    • English
    Subviral Pathogens of Plants and Animals: Viroids and Prions is organized into four parts consisting of a total of 20 chapters that discuss the nature of subviral pathogens of plants and animal. This book first elucidates the recognition of subviral pathogens, and then explores the host range of viroids and its diseases. It also addresses the control of viroid diseases. The book explains the structure and replication of viroids. Lastly, it centers on the structure and biology of prions, as well as the diseases these pathogens cause. This treatise will be of considerable scientific interest and importance to those in the field of human and veterinary medicine, virology, zoology, microbiology, plant pathology, entomology, as well as other branches of biology.

  • Fixation for Electron Microscopy

    • 1st Edition
    • M.A. (Eric) Hayat
    • English
    Fixation for Electron Microscopy presents how to better understand the effects of fixatives on the molecular structure of the cell. This book attempts to consider each aspect of fixation, including chemical interactions between fixatives and individual cellular substances. The chemistry of fixative interactions that are discussed in the book is based primarily on the reactions of a fixative with isolated proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. The book shows that the correct interpretation of information retrieved from electron micrographs depends on the knowledge of the basic principles underlying the fixation procedure. Also, the book presents the fixation of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic specimens. The special fixation conditions for plant specimens are discussed in detail and have been allotted a whole chapter. Also emphasized in this book is the connection between morphology and biochemical aspects of preparatory treatments and the chemical basis of the formation of artifacts. This topic is useful in understanding the modifications of cell structures introduced during their processing. A guide for recognizing and minimizing major artifacts and fixation faults that are usually encountered is also presented in the book. This valuable resource will prove useful to both students and professionals in the field of biology and clinical medicine. Specimen preservation researchers can also benefit from this book.

  • A Textbook of Plant Virus Diseases

    • 3rd Edition
    • Kenneth M. Smith
    • English
    A Textbook of Plant Virus Diseases deals with a discussion of different plant viruses, their properties, and the corresponding diseases these viruses cause. It includes a list of host plants of every virus arranged alphabetically. The book discusses the new types of disease vectors, such as root-infesting fungi, nematode worms, mites, and insects that are both biting and sucking. It also discusses the development of new techniques in electron microscopy that is used to characterize in detail the causal viruses of a number of plant virus diseases. Furthermore, it presents the development of plant virus serology, as well as the improved methods of virus isolation that allow the classification of viruses into related groups. The book includes a Bibliography and an Index of Synonyms that can be used in identifying given virus name. In addition, cross-references are included for searching a particular virus under the alternative names. This book will be invaluable to ecologists, environmentalists, agriculturalists, and other scientists interested in plant viruses. Biology students will also find this reference helpful.

  • Fishery Development

    • 1st Edition
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • English
    This book provides an overview of the whole process of fishery development and an appraisal for more efficiency in the industry. Topics include a broad overview of long-term changes in development of fisheries; the technical, social, political, organizational, and time requirements of long-term development programs; how to increase the long-term benefits to be derived from fisheries, and artisanal and market fishing, recreational fishing, and fish farming.

  • Immune Recognition and Evasion: Molecular Aspects of Host–Parasite Interaction

    • 1st Edition
    • L.H.T. Van Der Ploeg
    • English
    Immune Recognition and Evasion: Molecular Aspects of Host-Parasite Interaction reviews recent advances in understanding the genetic basis of host-parasite interactions, with emphasis on antigenic epitopes, the genetics of parasites, the molecular mechanisms of immune recognition and evasion, and the way that cytokines and hormones act on host-parasite interactions. Organized into four parts encompassing 25 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the genomic organization of the T cell receptor genes and the contribution of non-B DNA structures to switch recombination in immunoglobulin genes. It then discusses signal transduction by class II molecules encoded by the major histocompatibility complex la and the biological consequences of this process; allelic polymorphism of HLA class II antigens and its connection to the molecular basis of autoimmunity; mimicry between HLAB27 and bacteria; and genetic control of susceptibility to helminth infection. The reader is also introduced to recognition of protein antigens by antibodies; recognition of influenza antigens by class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes; the biochemical basis of cachexia of infection; mechanisms of antigenic variation in Plasmodium; and rational design of trypanocidal drugs. Geneticists and molecular biologists will gain valuable information from this book.

  • Principles of Plant Infection

    • 1st Edition
    • J Van Der Plank
    • English
    Principles of Plant Infection investigates interactions among pathogens, host plants, the environment, time and space, and their role in plant infection. It describes the principles of infection, particularly of the root, stem, or leaf, as they apply to fungi, bacteria, or viruses. It also highlights the dual nature of resistance and suggests theories of host resistance. Organized into seven chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the relation between the amount of inoculum and the amount of disease it causes. It then turns to a discussion of the disease/inoculum relations of tobacco mosaic virus; how obligate synergism restricts the transmission of pathogens; disease/inoculum relations in root disease; the independent action of spores as inoculum; variable factors other than the amount of inoculum that affect plant disease; and time as a determining factor of the degree of plant infection. The reader is also introduced to endemic disease of plants, the implications of endemicity for plant resistance to disease, the spread of disease via migration of pathogens, and the genetics of host-pathogen interactions. Plant pathologists and plant breeders will gain valuable information from this book.

  • The Biogenesis of Mitochondria

    Transcriptional, Translational and Genetic Aspects
    • 1st Edition
    • A Kroon
    • English
    The Biogenesis of Mitochondria: Transcriptional, Translational and Genetic Aspects covers the symposium, ""Biogenesis of Mitochondria"", held in Rosa Marina near Bari, Italy in June 1973. Organized into three parts, this book first discusses the mechanism, products, and role of mitochondrial DNA in mitochondrial transcription, including the genetic aspects of the process. Subsequent parts elucidate the characteristics of the mitochondrial protein synthetic machinery, as well as the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins.

  • Advances in Plant Biotechnology

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 4
    • D.D.Y. Ryu + 1 more
    • English
    This volume, contributed to by a group of 46 research scientists and engineers, focuses on the integration of two aspects of plant biotechnology - the basic plant science and applied bioprocess engineering. Included in this book are 17 chapters, each dealing with specific topics of current interest with three coherent themes of: plant gene expression, regulation and manipulation; plant cell physiology and metabolism and their regulation; and bioprocess engineering and bioreactor performance of plant cell cultures. All of these topics are integrated into a main theme of "enabling plant biotechnology" relevant to the production of secondary metabolites.This book will be of great value to all plant cell biologists and molecular geneticists, and all those interested in the integration of plant science and bioprocess engineering for development of enabling technology relevant to the production of plant secondary metabolites.

  • Senescence and Aging in Plants

    • 1st Edition
    • L.D. Nooden
    • English
    Senescence and Aging in Plants reviews the state of knowledge in the processes involved in plant senescence and aging. The book begins by discussing the emergence of senescence as a concept; experimental analysis of senescence; and patterns of senescence. It then examines membrane deterioration during senescence; photosynthesis in relation to leaf senescence; senescence of detached plant organs; changing patterns of nucleic acid and protein synthesis during senescence; and degradative and associated assimilatory aspects of nitrogen removal. This is followed by chapters on aspects of ethylene that may impinge upon its role in promoting senescence of higher plants; the role of cytokinins in plant senescence; the promoters and retardants of senescence; and the role of calcium in plant senescence. The concept of whole plant senescence is discussed, which can be subdivided into patterns, correlative controls, cessation of vegetative growth, declining assimilatory processes, assimilate partitioning, and hormonal controls. The final chapters cover the deterioration of cellular membranes during the plant aging process and seed aging.

  • Invertebrate Tissue Culture

    • 1st Edition
    • C Vago
    • English
    Invertebrate Tissue Culture, Volume I, reviews advances in the use of tissue and organ culture in invertebrate research in physiology and pathology. It describes methods in invertebrate tissue culture, including organ culture techniques in liquid and gel media; aseptic rearing of invertebrates for tissue culture; and cell culture of organisms, ranging from Lepidoptera and Diptera to Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Crustacea, Arachnida, Merostomacea, and mollusks. Organized into two sections encompassing 13 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the general methodology in cell and organ cultures and their preparation from aseptic conditions. It then discusses methods for the examination of cultures, including those concerning ultrastructure studies by electron microscopy. The reader is also introduced to cell cultures obtained from different groups of invertebrates, with emphasis on peculiarities specific to each group; the morphology and physiology of cultured invertebrate cells; and cultivation and growth of cells. This book is a valuable resource for specialists in the field of invertebrate cell and organ culture.

  • Taxonomy, Kinetoplastids, and Flagellates of Fish

    • 1st Edition
    • Julius Kreir
    • English
    Parasitic Protozoa, Volume I: Taxonomy, Kinetoplastids, and Flagellates of Fish contains 10 chapters that first discuss the classification of the protozoans, and then explain the system of parasitic protozoans. This reference material focuses on the significant aspects specifically related to Leishmania and trypanosomes, including the trypanosomes causing disease in man and livestock in Africa, as well as the nonpathogenic trypanosomes of mammals. Lastly, the flagellate parasites of fish are described. This book will be invaluable to physicians and veterinarians interested in studying the parasite's disease-causing property in man and livestock.

  • Advances in Food-Producing Systems For Arid and Semiarid Lands Part B

    • 1st Edition
    • Jamal Manassah
    • English
    Advances in Food-Producing Systems for Arid and Semiarid Lands: Part B contains the proceedings of a symposium on ""Advances in Food-Producing Systems for Arid and Semiarid Lands"" of the International Symposium Series held in Kuwait in April 1980. As a continuation of the proceedings, this compilation contains the last three parts of the symposium and the editor's closing remarks. It specifically talks about the innovative food systems and aquacultural systems in the arid and semi-arid lands. It also addresses the general problems of post-harvest losses in food of plant origin and the possibilities to reduce these losses. The presented papers bring renewed vitality to the hope that appropriate and directed exploitation of various technologies can evolve developable industries for arid and semiarid lands.

  • Molecular Structure of Human Chromosomes

    • 1st Edition
    • Jorge Yunis
    • English
    Molecular Structure of Human Chromosomes is an authoritative guide to genetics, focusing on human genome. This reference compiles contributions covering available knowledge on human genome structure and organization, which the previous researches fail to encompass. This text provides a comprehensive discussion of cytogenetic techniques, emphasizing their application to human genome studies and examinations. The book is divided into nine chapters. It explains the molecular organization and function of the human genome and the DNA sequences in man. It also discusses the localization of human gene by in situ hybridization and the approaches to gene mapping. The book describes the structure of the chromosomes and the trends in chromosome techniques; banding and polymorphism; and repetitive DNA and primate evolution. Various practitioners in genetics and biology will find this book a good reference. Students and novices in these fields will also find this book an excellent guide.

  • Plant Pathology V1

    The Diseased Plant
    • 1st Edition
    • James G. Horsfall
    • English
    Plant Pathology: An Advanced Treatise, Volume I: The Diseased Plant presents an integrated synthesis of the scope, importance, and history of plant pathology, emphasizing the concept of disease, not of diseases. The book focuses on pathological processes, defense devices, predisposition, and therapy of the diseased plant. It explores the normal pathways that are obstructed in sick plants; how the pathogen causes dysfunction; and how the host plant reacts to the pathogen. This book also considers the logistics and the strategy of disease and how to combat it. This volume is organized into 15 chapters and begins with an overview of plant pathology, its history, and its relation to other sciences, along with plant predisposition to disease, and the resistance-susceptib... problem. The next chapters examine how sickness in plants is recognized and diagnosed, the tissue breakdown in diseases, and the effects of parasites on the processes in plants. The impact of disease on water balance and respiration in plants and the histology of disease resistance in plants are also explained. This volume also covers the physiological and chemical basis of defense by higher plants against potential or invading pathogens and the hypersensitivity concept in plant pathology. The final chapter discusses the physical and chemical therapy of the diseased plant. This book will appeal to all who are interested in a theoretical treatment of plant pathology and in the broad ecological relationships among organisms, as well as to research workers and advanced students of applied biology.

  • The Hormones V3

    Physiology, Chemistry and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Mohhamad Reza Kiani
    • English
    The Hormones: Physiology, Chemistry and Applications, Volume III covers the chemistry, physiology, and methods of analysis of various plant and animal hormones. This book is organized into 15 chapters that are mostly revision or reassessment of previous information presented in Volumes I and II. The first two chapters describe the chromatographic separation of plants hormones, particularly auxins, as well as hormones in invertebrates. These topics are followed by a chapter on the production, transport, storage, release, and mode of action of neurohormones. Significant chapters are devoted to the chemistry and physiology of secreted hormones, including parathyroid, pituitary, Islets of Langerhans, growth, lactogenic, thyroid, steroid, and sex hormones. The role and influence of these hormones on vital body processes are also discussed. The last chapter emphasizes the progress in understanding the principles and approaches in clinical endocrinology. This volume will be of great value to endocrinologists, physiologists, and biochemists.

  • Experimental Marine Biology

    • 1st Edition
    • Richard Mariscal
    • English
    Experimental Marine Biology consists of eight chapters dealing with the various disciplines of marine biology. This book aims to give insights into the problems and perspectives of each discipline, as well as point out new directions which research endeavors might most profitably follow. This reference material starts with the basic topic about aquarium technique, specifically closed-system marine aquariums. This book then presents field experiments in marine ecology and describes marine organisms' behavior, physiology, endocrinology, biochemistry, and toxicology. The development in marine organisms is also discussed. This work will be valuable to both interested students and experienced researchers in this field.

  • The Development Of Dictyostelium Discoideum

    • 1st Edition
    • William Loomis
    • English
    The Development of Dictyostelium discoideum consists of 11 chapters representing the 11 major aspects at which continuous progress are made in the study of Dictyostelium discoideum. This book begins with the discovery, classification, ecology, and development of Dictyostelium discoideum. It then outlines the advances in genetic manipulation and mutant isolation of the organism. Much of the advances in cell biology have been related to a better understanding of the composition and function of the cell membrane. Hence, analyses of Dictyostelium plasma membranes are collated. This reference material also describes the role of chemoattractants in organizing cell movements and the intracellular events triggered by occupancy of chemoreceptors. It also explains the understanding of the macromolecular components of the chemosensory system of Dictyostelium discoideum. It further discusses the cell motility, cell adhesion, morphogenetic signaling, cytodifferentiation, and gene expression in the species. Finally, the phenomenon of cell-type specification and regulation in this organism is addressed. This book will be valuable for those already familiar with the general outlines of Dictyostelium biology.

  • Evolutionary processes and theory

    • 1st Edition
    • Evitar Nevo
    • English
    Evolutionary Processes and Theory contains the proceedings of a workshop held in Israel in March 1985. Contributors explore evolutionary processes and theory and highlight advances in knowledge concerning differentiation, metabolic and immunological mechanisms, and the molecular biology of the genome. Issues that are being debated are also considered, including the origin and evolution of sexual systems, the genetics of altruism, and general forms and levels of social evolution. This volume is organized into six sections encompassing 33 chapters and begins with an overview of the evolutionary problems of molecular biology. Some chapters are devoted to topics such as the role of gene regulation in evolutionary processes; the structural diversity and evolution of intermediate filament proteins; and adaptation and evolution in the immune system. The next section examines the tempo and mode of molecular evolution, including that of hybrid dysgenesis systems, as well as the statistical aspects of the molecular clock. Later chapters focus on DNA and protein sequences; sexual selection and speciation; and the relation between speciation mechanisms and macroevolutionary patterns. The book also methodically explains population genetics, with particular reference to the altruistic behavior in sibling groups with unrelated intruders, the endosperm evolution in higher plants, and the evolutionary aspects of sexual reproduction in predominantly asexual populations. This book will be of interest to geneticists and molecular biologists.

  • Progress in Theoretical Biology

    • 1st Edition
    • Fred Snell
    • English
    Progress in Theoretical Biology, Volume 2, brings together the significant and timely theoretical developments in particular areas of biology in a critical and synthetic manner. It is concerned with a field which has emerged as an identifiable subdiscipline of the biological sciences. This emergence and recognition signify that biological science has evolved from its initial stage of description and classification into the adolescence of transformation to the quantitative. The book's opening chapter develops a theory that uses a new generalization of statistical mechanics to provide a basis for understanding how the microscopic behavior of nonliving parts can generate the macroscopic appearance of a living aggregate. The subsequent chapters discuss theoretical methods in systematic and evolutionary studies; the theory of neural masses; the design of chemical reaction systems; cooperative processes in biological systems; and the organization of motor systems. This book is intended for the modern biological scientist as well as for the physical scientist who is inquisitive of the ways of the most complex of all processes.

  • Tree Pathology

    A Short Introduction
    • 1st Edition
    • William H. Smith
    • English
    Tree Pathology: A Short Introduction is a compilation of texts about some of the significant stress factors that are capable of inducing tree injuries and diseases. It also provides an overview of some of the examples of the damage caused by each stress factors or agents. In addition, existing hypotheses related to the mechanism by which each agent causes abnormal tree physiology are reviewed. As an introduction, the book provides a discussion on the agents, mechanisms, and control of the pathological stresses of forest trees. It also offers specific examples of forest tree species, mostly from the northeastern portion of the United States, as well as examples of citrus and other fruit or jut tree species. The book then discusses all injury and disease agents including their taxonomy, morphology, physiology, and ecology. It also presents the different mechanisms of the injury and disease, control possibilities on mitigating disease influences of plants, and specific utility of the various procedures used in forest tree disease control. The materials presented in the book are based from the numerous published texts, journal articles, and research reports.

  • Scale-Up and Automation in Plant Propagation

    Cell Culture and somatic cell Genetics of Plants
    • 1st Edition
    • Indra Vasil
    • English
    Scale-Up and Automation in Plant Propagation reviews methods of automation and scale-up of plant propagation in vitro. It looks at the large scale clonal propagation of plants, or micropropagation, as the first major practical application of plant biotechnology. It also discusses the advantages and limitations of micropropagation and evaluates current methods of commercial micropropagation. Organized into 13 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the benefits of scaling up and automating plant propagation before proceeding with a discussion of synthetic seeds and their use for plant propagation, along with problems and economic considerations associated with synthetic seed technology. It then considers the implementation of somatic embryogenesis technology for clonal forestry, the development and commercialization of bioreactor technology for automated propagation of potato microtubers and lily microbulbs, and approaches to automated propagation of fruit trees. Other chapters focus on issues of cost reduction and development of ""new"" products, scale-up and operation of prototype bioreactors for plant propagation, and application of machine vision technology to scale-up and automated evaluation of somatic embryogenesis in sweet potato. The book also describes methods of measurement and control of the environment in culture, environmental factors affecting photosynthesis, and use of robotics and field transplanters in the automation of plant propagation. Scientists and plant breeders will find this book extremely useful.

  • Insect Pathology V1

    An Advanced Treatise
    • 1st Edition
    • Edward Steinhaus
    • English
    Insect Pathology: An Advanced Treatise, Volume 1 reviews some of the principal developments in insect pathology as well as the major research trends in the field. This book is concerned with non-infectious diseases, microbiota of healthy insects, immunity, physiopathology, predisposition to disease, virus diseases, and rickettsial diseases. Organized into 17 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the nature and scope of insect pathology as a distinct branch of entomology, as well as the challenges involved in the study of insect diseases and some of the principal applications of insect pathology in agriculture, medicine, and general biology. The next chapters introduce the reader to the physical factors that cause injury/harm to insects; the pathological changes induced in insects by chemicals used as insecticides; and insect nutrition and nutritional diseases. The book discusses other diseases in insects, including genetic diseases, tumors, granuloses, rickettsiae, and rickettsioses. This book is a valuable resource for entomologists.

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