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  • Non-Rocket Space Launch and Flight

    • 1st Edition
    • Alexander Bolonkin
    • English
    In recent years scientists have investigated a series of new methods for non-rocket space launch, which promise to revolutionize space launches and flight. Particularly in the current political climate new, cheaper, and more ‘fuel efficient’ methods are being investigated. Such new methods include the gas tube method, cable accelerators, tether launch systems, space elevators, solar and magnetic sails, circle launcher space keepers and more. The author of Non-Rocket Space Launch and Flight brings a vast amount of experience to the topic, having worked as a engineer, designer, project director and researcher at key institutes including NASA and the US Air Force.

  • Solid Fuels and Heavy Hydrocarbon Liquids: Thermal Characterization and Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Rafael Kandiyoti + 2 more
    • English
    The first strand involves a critical overview of the design of experimental methods used for examining the thermal behaviour of solid fuels [pyrolysis, liquefaction and gasification], while the second will emphasise chemical structures and molecular mass distributions of coal derived tars, extracts and pitches, petroleum-derived asphaltenes, and biomass derived heavy hydrocarbon liquids.Two major, interdependent strands in the study of fossil and renewable fuel utilisation are focused on within this text:(i) Thermal characterisation of solid fuels including various ranks of coals, biomass and waste, and, (ii) The analytical characterisation of heavy hydrocarbon liquids, covering coal, petroleum and biomass derived heavy fractions.

  • Deep-Water Processes and Facies Models: Implications for Sandstone Petroleum Reservoirs

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 5
    • G. Shanmugam
    • English
    This rock-based book is an attempt to link deep-water process sedimentology with sandstone petroleum reservoirs. In presenting a consistent process interpretation, the author has relied on his description and interpretation of core and outcrop (1:20 to 1:50 scale) from 35 case studies (which include 32 petroleum reservoirs), totaling more than 30,000 feet (9,145 m), carried out during the past 30 years (1974-2004). This book should serve as an important source of information for students on history, methodology, first principles, advanced concepts, controversies, and practical applications on deep-water sedimentology and petroleum geology.

  • Writing and Presenting in English

    The Rosetta Stone of Science
    • 1st Edition
    • Petey Young
    • English
    The Rosetta Stone of Science is a useful and practical guide to presenting scientific research in the English language. It is written specifically for scientists who would like to improve the effectiveness with which they use the English language and improve their communicative skills in order to become published and develop more confidence in presenting their work at international conferences.Part 1 of the book covers the style preferred by today's leading journals, discusses how to prepare models for writing research papers, and provides advice for writing abstracts, proposals, and editing. Examples of cover letters are also given. Part 2 discusses the various arts and techniques used by successful presenters at scientific conferences. The content of the book is presented in a light, simple and informative manner making The Rosetta Stone of Science an entertaining and instructive read. This book will prove invaluable to all scientists, research fellows, post-docs, and graduate students whose first language is not English.

  • MARGO - Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean surface

    • 1st Edition
    • M. Kucera + 2 more
    • English
    MARGO - Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean surface summarizes the results of the MARGO international working group, with the aim to develop an updated and harmonised reconstruction of sea surface temperatures and sea-ice extent of the Last Glacial Maximum oceans. The MARGO approach differs from previous efforts by developing and consistently applying measures of various aspects of reconstruction reliability, and by combining faunal and geochemical proxies. In 14 papers, the volume provides a comprehensive review of earlier work and a series of new, proxy-specific reconstructions based on census counts of planktonic foraminifera, diatoms, radiolaria and dinoflagellate cysts as well as on Mg/Ca measurements in planktonic foraminifera. The approach of harmonising the calibration and application of different proxies is described in detail, various paleothermometry techniques and their results are compared and the challenge of treating sparsely sampled data as the basis for ocean circulation models is addressed. The use of stable oxygen isotope composition of foraminiferal shells as a proxy for past sea water composition is comprehensively reassessed, and a new approach to the transfer function paleothermometer is presented. This volume represents a landmark contribution to the understanding of ice-age oceanography as well as the proxies used to reconstruct past ocean states. The results will form the basis for forcing and validation of ocean circulation models.

  • Recent Advances in Laser Processing of Materials

    • 1st Edition
    • Jacques Perriere + 2 more
    • English
    Laser materials interaction and processing is an established and growing field within the materials science community. By taking a detailed look at the fundamentals of laser matter interaction, Recent Advances in Laser Processing of Materials charts the recent progress of laser materials interaction and processing in various emerging materials science domains. With special emphasis placed on nanostructures and future developments, this book provides an interdisciplinary support for basic and applied photo-assisted processing research. Coverage includes: laser assisted synthesis of new materials (nanoparticles, nanotubes, active molecules, new phases...) laser assisted surface transformation (nanostructuring, lithography, etching...) laser assisted bulk material transformation (doping, marking, crystallisation...)

  • Nanomagnetism

    Ultrathin Films, Multilayers and Nanostructures
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • English
    Nanoscience is of central importance in the physical and biological sciences and is now pervasive in technology. However nanomagnetism has a special role to play as magnetic properties depend uniquely on both dimensionality and lengthscales. Nanomagnetism is already central to data storage, sensor and device technologies but is increasingly being used in the life sciences and medicine. This volume aims to introduce scientists, computer scientists, engineers and technologists from diverse fields to this fascinating and technologically important new branch of nanoscience. The volume should appeal to both the interested general reader but also to the researcher wishing to obtain an overview of this fast moving field. The contributions come from acknowledged leaders in the field who each give authoritative accounts of key fundamental aspects of nanomagnetism to which they have themselves made a major contribution. After a brief introduction by the editors, Wu first surveys the fundamental properties of magnetic nanostructures. The interlayer exchange interactions within magnetic multilayer structures is next discussed by Stiles. Camley then discusses the static, dynamic and thermal properties of magnetic multilayers and nanostructures, followed by an account of the phenomenon of exchange anisotropy by Berkowitz and Kodama. This latter phenomenon is widely in current read head devices for example. The transport properties of nanostructures also are spectacular, and again underpin computer technology, as we see from the discussion of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR) presented by Fert and his colleagues. Beyond GMR and TMR we look to the field of spintronics where new electronic devices are envisioned and for which quantumcomputing may depend as discussed in the chapter by Flatte and Jonker.The volume concludes with discussion of the recently discovered phenomenon of current induced switching of magnetization by Edwards and Mathon.

  • Optical Spectroscopy

    Methods and Instrumentations
    • 1st Edition
    • Nikolai V. Tkachenko
    • English
    Optical Spectroscopy bridges a gap by providing a background on optics while focusing on spectroscopic methodologies, tools and instrumentations. The book introduces the most widely used steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques, makes comparisions between them, and provides the methodology for estimating the most important characteristics of the techniques such as sensitivity and time resolution. Recent developments in lasers, optics and electronics has had a significant impact on modern optical spectroscopic methods and instrumentations. Combining the newest lasers, advanced detectors and other high technology components researchers are able to assemble a spectroscopic instrument with characteristics that were hardly achievable a decade ago. This book will help readers to sourse spectroscopy tools to solve their problems by providing information on the most widely used methods while introducing readers to the principles of quantitative analysis of the application range for each methodology. In addition, background information is provided on optics, optical measurements and laser physics, which is of crucial importance for spectroscopic applications.

  • Two-Point Boundary Value Problems: Lower and Upper Solutions

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 205
    • C. De Coster + 1 more
    • English
    This book introduces the method of lower and upper solutions for ordinary differential equations. This method is known to be both easy and powerful to solve second order boundary value problems. Besides an extensive introduction to the method, the first half of the book describes some recent and more involved results on this subject. These concern the combined use of the method with degree theory, with variational methods and positive operators. The second half of the book concerns applications. This part exemplifies the method and provides the reader with a fairly large introduction to the problematic of boundary value problems. Although the book concerns mainly ordinary differential equations, some attention is given to other settings such as partial differential equations or functional differential equations. A detailed history of the problem is described in the introduction.

  • Advances in Synthetic Organic Chemistry and Methods Reported in US Patents

    • 1st Edition
    • Thomas F. DeRosa
    • English
    Advances in Synthetic Organic Chemistry and Methods Reported in US Patents provides synthetic guidelines for preparing current and commercially significant organic compounds, derivatives, and intermediates as reported in issued US Patents. Industries surveyed include agrochemical, cosmetics and personal care products. Each entry contains extensive information such as explicit laboratory directions for preparing all chemical intermediates and characterization data. Furthermore, product optimization studies, industrial preparation, and new synthetic methods have been included for selected entries, as well as projected research directions for future product development. In Advances in Synthetic Organic Chemistry and Methods Reported in US Patents the author's practical approach enables readers to identify research and market trends, and stay up-to-date on current developments in the field.

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