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Elsevier

Books in Mathematics

The Mathematics collection presents a range of foundational and advanced research content across applied and discrete mathematics, including fields such as Computational Mathematics; Differential Equations; Linear Algebra; Modelling & Simulation; Numerical Analysis; Probability & Statistics.

  • Representations of Lie Groups, Kyoto, Hiroshima, 1986

    • 1st Edition
    • K. Okamoto + 1 more
    • English
    Representations of Lie Groups, Kyoto, Hiroshima, 1986 contains the proceedings of a symposium on "Analysis on Homogeneous Spaces and Representations of Lie Groups" held on September 1-6, 1986 in Japan. The symposium provided a forum for discussing Lie groups and covered topics ranging from geometric constructions of representations to the irreducibility of discrete series representations for semisimple symmetric spaces. A classification theory of prehomogeneous vector spaces is also described. Comprised of 22 chapters, this volume first considers the characteristic varieties of certain modules over the enveloping algebra of a semisimple Lie algebra, such as highest weight modules and primitive quotients. The reader is then introduced to multiplicity one theorems for generalized Gelfand-Graev representations of semisimple Lie groups and Whittaker models for the discrete series. Subsequent chapters focus on Lie algebra cohomology and holomorphic continuation of generalized Jacquet integrals; the generalized Geroch conjecture; algebraic structures on virtual characters of a semisimple Lie group; and fundamental groups of semisimple symmetric spaces. The book concludes with an analysis of the boundedness of certain unitarizable Harish-Chandra modules. This monograph will appeal to students, specialists, and researchers in the field of pure mathematics.

  • Barsotti Symposium in Algebraic Geometry

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 15
    • Valentino Cristante + 1 more
    • English
    Barsotti Symposium in Algebraic Geometry contains papers corresponding to the lectures given at the 1991 memorial meeting held in Abano Terme in honor of Iacopo Barsotti. This text reflects Barsotti’s significant contributions in the field. This book is composed of 10 chapters and begins with a review of the centers of three-dimensional skylanin algebras. The succeeding chapters deal with the theoretical aspects of the Abelian varieties, Witt realization of p-Adic Barsotti-Tate Groups, and hypergeometric series and functions. These topics are followed by discussions of logarithmic spaces and the estimates for and inequalities among A-numbers. The closing chapter describes the moduli of Abelian varieties in positive characteristic. This book will be of value to mathematicians.

  • Applied Methods of the Theory of Random Functions

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 89
    • A. A. Sveshnikov
    • I. N. Sneddon + 1 more
    • English
    International Series of Monographs in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 89: Applied Methods of the Theory of Random Functions presents methods of random functions analysis with their applications in various branches of technology, such as in the theory of ships, automatic regulation and control, and radio engineering. This book discusses the general properties of random functions, spectral theory of stationary random functions, and determination of optimal dynamical systems. The experimental methods for the determination of characteristics of random functions, method of envelopes, and some supplementary problems of the theory of random functions are also deliberated. This publication is intended for engineers and scientists who use the methods of the theory of probability in various branches of technology.

  • Nomography

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 42
    • Edward Otto
    • English
    Nomography deals with geometrical transformations, particularly projective transformations of a plane. The book reviews projective plane and collineation transformations in geometrical and algebraical terms. The geometrical approach aims at permitting the use of elementary geometrical methods in drawing collineation nomograms consisting of three rectilinear scales. The algebraical treatment concerns nomograms containing curvilinear scales. The text explains functional scales that include the graph of a function and a logarithmic scale. The book explores equations which can be represented by elementary methods without the use of a system of coordinates, some equations that require algebraic calculations, as well as nomograms with a binary field (lattice nomograms). The text investigates collineation monograms of many variables, elementary geometrical methods of joining nomograms, and also of nomograms consisting of two parts to be superimposed on each other. In addition to the Massau method and the criterion of Saint Robert, the book also applies the criteria of nomogrammability of a function to address mathematical problems related to the analysis of the methods in constructing nomograms. The book can be useful for mathematicians, geometricians, engineers, and researchers working in the physical sciences who use graphical calculations in their work.

  • Algebra

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 91
    • L. Rédei
    • I. N. Sneddon + 1 more
    • English
    Compared with the original German edition this volume contains the results of more recent research which have to some extent originated from problems raised in the previous German edition. Moreover, many minor and some important modifications have been carried out. For example paragraphs 2 — 5 were amended and their order changed. On the advice of G. Pickert, paragraph 7 has been thoroughly revised. Many improvements originate from H. J. Weinert who, by enlisting the services of a working team of the Teachers' Training College of Potsdam, has subjected large parts of this book to an exact and constructive review. This applies particularly to paragraphs 9, 50, 51, 60, 63, 66, 79, 92, 94, 97 and 100 and to the exercises. In this connection paragraphs 64 and 79 have had to be partly rewritten in consequence of the correction

  • Vector Measures

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 95
    • N. Dinculeanu
    • I. N. Sneddon + 1 more
    • English
    International Series of Monographs in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 95: Vector Measures focuses on the study of measures with values in a Banach space, including positive measures with finite or infinite values. This book is organized into three chapters. Chapter I covers classes of sets, set functions, variation and semi-variation of set functions, and extension of set functions from a certain class to a wider one. The integration of vector functions with respect to vector measures is reviewed in Chapter II. In Chapter III, the regular measures on a locally compact space and integral representation of the dominated operations on the space of continuous functions with compact carrier are described. This volume is intended for specialists, researchers, and students interested in vector measures.

  • Introduction to Higher Algebra

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 37
    • A. Mostowski + 1 more
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Introduction to Higher Algebra is an 11-chapter text that covers some mathematical investigations concerning higher algebra. After an introduction to sets of functions, mathematical induction, and arbitrary numbers, this book goes on considering some combinatorial problems, complex numbers, determinants, vector spaces, and linear equations. These topics are followed by discussions of the determination of polynomials in ne variable, rings of real and complex polynomials, and algebraic and transcendental numbers. The final chapters deal with the polynomials in several variables, symmetric functions, the theory of elimination, and the quadratic and Hermitian forms. This book will be of value to mathematicians and students.

  • Mathematical Techniques of Operational Research

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 38
    • L. S. Goddard
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Mathematical Techniques of Operational Research is a seven-chapter text that covers the principles and applications of various mathematical tools and models to for operational research. Chapter I provides the basic mathematical ideas used in later chapters. Chapters II and III deal with linear programming, including the special cases of transportation and assignment, as well as their applications such as the Trim Problem. Chapters IV and V discuss the theory of queues and describe the general stationary properties of the single-channel queue, and of simple queues in series and in parallel. These chapters also examine some transient properties of queues. Chapter VI focuses on machine interference, which is an aspect of queueing theory, while Chapter VII deals with the important and mathematically subject of Stock Control or Inventory Theory. This book is intended primarily to graduate mathematicians, business manages, and industrial leaders.

  • Generalized Analytic Functions

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 25
    • I. N. Vekua
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Generalized Analytic Functions is concerned with foundations of the general theory of generalized analytic functions and some applications to problems of differential geometry and theory of shells. Some classes of functions and operators are discussed, along with the reduction of a positive differential quadratic form to the canonical form. Boundary value problems and infinitesimal bendings of surfaces are also considered. Comprised of six chapters, this volume begins with a detailed treatment of various problems of the general theory of generalized analytic functions as as well as boundary value problems. The reader is introduced to some classes of functions and functional spaces, with emphasis on functions of two independent variables. Subsequent chapters focus on the problem of reducing a positive differential quadratic form to the canonical form; basic properties of solutions of elliptic systems of partial differential equations of the first order, in a two-dimensional domain; and some boundary value problems for an elliptic system of equations of the first order and for an elliptic equation of the second order, in a two-dimensional domain. The final part of the book deals with problems of the theory of surfaces and the membrane theory of shells. This book is intended for students of advanced courses of the mechanico-mathematic... faculties, postgraduates, and research workers.

  • Some Topics in Complex Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 86
    • E. G. Phillips
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    International Series of Monographs in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 86, Some Topics in Complex Analysis deals with a variety of topics related to complex analysis. This book discusses the method of comparison, periods of an integral, generalized Joukowski transformations, and Koebe's distortion theorems. The deductions from the maximum-modulus principle, canonical products and genus of an I.F., and Weierstrass's primary factors are also reviewed. This text likewise considers Mittag-Leffler's theorem, summation of series by the calculus of residues, definition of regular functions by integrals, and Riemann zeta function. This publication is a good reference for students and specialists researching in the field of applied and pure mathematics.

  • Foundation of Euclidean and Non-Euclidean Geometries according to F. Klein

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 97
    • L. Redei
    • I. N. Sneddon + 1 more
    • English
    Foundation of Euclidean and Non-Euclidean Geometries according to F. Klein aims to remedy the deficiency in geometry so that the ideas of F. Klein obtain the place they merit in the literature of mathematics. This book discusses the axioms of betweenness, lattice of linear subspaces, generalization of the notion of space, and coplanar Desargues configurations. The central collineations of the plane, fundamental theorem of projective geometry, and lines perpendicular to a proper plane are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the axioms of motion, basic projective configurations, properties of triangles, and theorem of duality in projective space. Other topics include the point-coordinates in an affine space and consistency of the three geometries. This publication is beneficial to mathematicians and students learning geometry.

  • Abelian Groups

    • 3rd Edition
    • Volume 12
    • L. Fuchs
    • J. P. Kahane + 2 more
    • English
    Abelian Groups deals with the theory of abelian or commutative groups, with special emphasis on results concerning structure problems. More than 500 exercises of varying degrees of difficulty, with and without hints, are included. Some of the exercises illuminate the theorems cited in the text by providing alternative developments, proofs or counterexamples of generalizations. Comprised of 16 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the basic facts on group theory such as factor group or homomorphism. The discussion then turns to direct sums of cyclic groups, divisible groups, and direct summands and pure subgroups, as well as Kulikov's basic subgroups. Subsequent chapters focus on the structure theory of the three main classes of abelian groups: the primary groups, the torsion-free groups, and the mixed groups. Applications of the theory are also considered, along with other topics such as homomorphism groups and endomorphism rings; the Schreier extension theory with a discussion of the group of extensions and the structure of the tensor product. In addition, the book examines the theory of the additive group of rings and the multiplicative group of fields, along with Baer's theory of the lattice of subgroups. This book is intended for young research workers and students who intend to familiarize themselves with abelian groups.

  • Linear Representations of the Lorentz Group

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 63
    • M. A. Naimark
    • H. K. Farahat
    • English
    Linear Representations of the Lorentz Group is a systematic exposition of the theory of linear representations of the proper Lorentz group and the complete Lorentz group. This book consists of four chapters. The first two chapters deal with the basic material on the three-dimensional rotation group, on the complete Lorentz group and the proper Lorentz group, as well as the theory of representations of the three-dimensional rotation group. These chapters also provide the necessary basic information from the general theory of group representations. The third chapter is devoted to the representations of the proper Lorentz group and the complete Lorentz group, while the fourth chapter examines the theory of invariant equations. This book will prove useful to mathematicians and students.

  • Mathematical Analysis

    Functions, Limits, Series, Continued Fractions
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 69
    • L. A. Lyusternik + 1 more
    • English
    Mathematical Analysis: Functions, Limits, Series, Continued Fractions provides an introduction to the differential and integral calculus. This book presents the general problems of the theory of continuous functions of one and several variables, as well as the theory of limiting values for sequences of numbers and vectors. Organized into six chapters, this book begins with an overview of real numbers, the arithmetic linear continuum, limiting values, and functions of one variable. This text then presents the theory of series and practical methods of summation. Other chapters consider the theory of numerical series and series of functions and other analogous processes, particularly infinite continued fractions. This book discusses as well the general problems of the reduction of functions to orthogonal series. The final chapter deals with constants and the most important systems of numbers, including Bernoulli and Euler numbers. This book is a valuable resource for mathematicians, engineers, and research workers.

  • Introduction to Calculus

    • 2nd Edition
    • Volume 17
    • Kazimierz Kuratowski
    • A. J. Lohwater
    • English
    The English edition does not differ essentially from the Polish one. Among the more important supplements I should mention § 6.5 containing elementary information on the notation of mathematical logic. To this supplement I was inclined by the experience of many years. For many students (not for all, perhaps) the notation of definitions of certain notions by means of the logical symbols makes it easier to understand these notions (e.g. the notions of uniform continuity or uniform convergence). Besides that, this supplement is included in the book in such a manner that it can be omitted in reading the whole book. Among other changes introduced in the English text, I should mention the addition of a number of exercises and problems; in the second English edition, many of them have been collected in the Supplement. I am glad also to mention the simplification of certain proofs, and finally the removal of mistakes which were found in the primary text

  • Elements of Linear Space

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 26
    • A. R. Amir-Moez + 1 more
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Elements of Linear Space is a detailed treatment of the elements of linear spaces, including real spaces with no more than three dimensions and complex n-dimensional spaces. The geometry of conic sections and quadric surfaces is considered, along with algebraic structures, especially vector spaces and transformations. Problems drawn from various branches of geometry are given. Comprised of 12 chapters, this volume begins with an introduction to real Euclidean space, followed by a discussion on linear transformations and matrices. The addition and multiplication of transformations and matrices are given emphasis. Subsequent chapters focus on some properties of determinants and systems of linear equations; special transformations and their matrices; unitary spaces; and some algebraic structures. Quadratic forms and their applications to geometry are also examined, together with linear transformations in general vector spaces. The book concludes with an evaluation of singular values and estimates of proper values of matrices, paying particular attention to linear transformations always on a unitary space of dimension n over the complex field. This book will be of interest to both undergraduate and more advanced students of mathematics.

  • A Collection of Problems on a Course of Mathematical Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • G. N. Berman
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Collection of Problems on a Course of Mathematical Analysis contains selected problems and exercises on the main branches of a Technical College course of mathematical analysis. This book covers the topics of functions, limits, derivatives, differential calculus, curves, definite integral, integral calculus, methods of evaluating definite integrals, and their applications. Other topics explored include numerical problems related to series and the functions of several variables in differential calculus, as well as their applications. The remaining chapters examine the principles of multiple, line, and surface integrals, the trigonometric series, and the elements of the theory of fields. This book is intended for students studying mathematical analysis within the framework of a technical college course.

  • Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics

    • 2nd Edition
    • R. L. Goodstein
    • I. N. Sneddon
    • English
    Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics, 2nd Edition provides an account of some basic concepts in modern mathematics. The book is primarily intended for mathematics teachers and lay people who wants to improve their skills in mathematics. Among the concepts and problems presented in the book include the determination of which integral polynomials have integral solutions; sentence logic and informal set theory; and why four colors is enough to color a map. Unlike in the first edition, the second edition provides detailed solutions to exercises contained in the text. Mathematics teachers and people who want to gain a thorough understanding of the fundamental concepts of mathematics will find this book a good reference.

  • Automorphic Forms and Geometry of Arithmetic Varieties

    • 1st Edition
    • K. Hashimoto + 1 more
    • English
    Automorphic Forms and Geometry of Arithmetic Varieties deals with the dimension formulas of various automorphic forms and the geometry of arithmetic varieties. The relation between two fundamental methods of obtaining dimension formulas (for cusp forms), the Selberg trace formula and the index theorem (Riemann-Roch's theorem and the Lefschetz fixed point formula), is examined. Comprised of 18 sections, this volume begins by discussing zeta functions associated with cones and their special values, followed by an analysis of cusps on Hilbert modular varieties and values of L-functions. The reader is then introduced to the dimension formula of Siegel modular forms; the graded rings of modular forms in several variables; and Selberg-Ihara's zeta function for p-adic discrete groups. Subsequent chapters focus on zeta functions of finite graphs and representations of p-adic groups; invariants and Hodge cycles; T-complexes and Ogata's zeta zero values; and the structure of the icosahedral modular group. This book will be a useful resource for mathematicians and students of mathematics.

  • Analytic Properties of Automorphic L-Functions

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 6
    • Stephen Gelbart + 1 more
    • J. Coates + 1 more
    • English
    Analytic Properties of Automorphic L-Functions is a three-chapter text that covers considerable research works on the automorphic L-functions attached by Langlands to reductive algebraic groups. Chapter I focuses on the analysis of Jacquet-Langlands methods and the Einstein series and Langlands’ so-called “Euler products”. This chapter explains how local and global zeta-integrals are used to prove the analytic continuation and functional equations of the automorphic L-functions attached to GL(2). Chapter II deals with the developments and refinements of the zeta-inetgrals for GL(n). Chapter III describes the results for the L-functions L (s, ?, r), which are considered in the constant terms of Einstein series for some quasisplit reductive group. This book will be of value to undergraduate and graduate mathematics students.

  • Tables and Formulae for the Spherical Functions Pm – ½ + i t (Z)

    Mathematical Tables Series
    • 1st Edition
    • M. I. Zhurina + 1 more
    • English
    Tables and Formulae for the Spherical Functions Pm – ½ + i t (Z)

  • Huygens' Principle and Hyperbolic Equations

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 5
    • Gunther Paul
    • J. Coates + 1 more
    • English
    Huygens' Principle and Hyperbolic Equations is devoted to certain mathematical aspects of wave propagation in curved space-times. The book aims to present special nontrivial Huygens' operators and to describe their individual properties and to characterize these examples of Huygens' operators within certain more or less comprehensive classes of general hyperbolic operators. The materials covered in the book include a treatment of the wave equation for p-forms over a space of constant sectional curvature, the Riesz distributions, the Euler-Poisson-Darbou... over a Riemannian manifold, and plane wave manifolds. Physicists will find the book invaluable.

  • Non-Linear Differential Equations

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 67
    • G. Sansone + 1 more
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Non-Linear Differential Equations covers the general theorems, principles, solutions, and applications of non-linear differential equations. This book is divided into nine chapters. The first chapters contain detailed analysis of the phase portrait of two-dimensional autonomous systems. The succeeding chapters deal with the qualitative methods for the discovery of periodic solutions in periodic systems. The remaining chapters describe a synthetical approach to the study of asymptotic properties, especially stability properties, of the solutions of general n-dimensional systems. This book will be of great value to mathematicians, researchers, and students.

  • The Theory of Lebesgue Measure and Integration

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 15
    • S. Hartman + 1 more
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    The Theory of Lebesgue Measure and Integration deals with the theory of Lebesgue measure and integration and introduces the reader to the theory of real functions. The subject matter comprises concepts and theorems that are now considered classical, including the Yegorov, Vitali, and Fubini theorems. The Lebesgue measure of linear sets is discussed, along with measurable functions and the definite Lebesgue integral. Comprised of 13 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of basic concepts such as set theory, the denumerability and non-denumerability of sets, and open sets and closed sets on the real line. The discussion then turns to the theory of Lebesgue measure of linear sets based on the method of M. Riesz, together with the fundamental properties of measurable functions. The Lebesgue integral is considered for both bounded functions — upper and lower integrals — and unbounded functions. Later chapters cover such topics as the Yegorov, Vitali, and Fubini theorems; convergence in measure and equi-integrability; integration and differentiation; and absolutely continuous functions. Multiple integrals and the Stieltjes integral are also examined. This book will be of interest to mathematicians and students taking pure and applied mathematics.

  • Recent Topics in Differential and Analytic Geometry

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 18
    • T. Ochiai
    • English
    Advanced Studies in Pure Mathematics, Volume 18-I: Recent Topics in Differential and Analytic Geometry presents the developments in the field of analytical and differential geometry. This book provides some generalities about bounded symmetric domains. Organized into two parts encompassing 12 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of harmonic mappings and holomorphic foliations. This text then discusses the global structures of a compact Kähler manifold that is locally decomposable as an isometric product of Ricci-positive, Ricci-negative, and Ricci-flat parts. Other chapters consider the most recognized non-standard examples of compact homogeneous Einstein manifolds constructed via Riemannian submersions. This book discusses as well the natural compactification of the moduli space of polarized Einstein–Kähler orbitfold with a given Hilbert polynomials. The final chapter deals with solving a degenerate Monge–Ampère equation by constructing a family of Einstein–Kähler metrics on the smooth part of minimal varieties of general kind. This book is a valuable resource for graduate students and pure mathematicians.

  • Calculus of Variations

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 19
    • L. E. Elsgolc
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Calculus of Variations aims to provide an understanding of the basic notions and standard methods of the calculus of variations, including the direct methods of solution of the variational problems. The wide variety of applications of variational methods to different fields of mechanics and technology has made it essential for engineers to learn the fundamentals of the calculus of variations. The book begins with a discussion of the method of variation in problems with fixed boundaries. Subsequent chapters cover variational problems with movable boundaries and some other problems; sufficiency conditions for an extremum; variational problems of constrained extrema; and direct methods of solving variational problems. Each chapter is illustrated by a large number of problems some of which are taken from existing textbooks. The solutions to the problems in each chapter are provided at the end of the book.

  • Stochastic Integration

    • 1st Edition
    • Michel Metivier + 1 more
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Probability and Mathematical Statistics: A Series of Monographs and Textbooks: Stochastic Integration focuses on the processes, methodologies, and approaches involved in stochastic integration. The publication first takes a look at the Ito formula, stochastic integral equations, and martingales and semimartingales. Discussions focus on Meyer process and decomposition theorem, inequalities, examples of stochastic differential equations, general stochastic integral equations, and applications of the Ito formula. The text then elaborates on stochastic measures, including stochastic measures and related integration and the Riesz representation theorem. The manuscript tackles the special features of infinite dimensional stochastic integration, as well as the isometric integral of a Hubert-valued square integrable martingale, cylindrical processes, and stochastic integral with respect to 2-cylindrical martingales with finite quadratic variation. The book is a valuable reference for mathematicians and researchers interested in stochastic integration.

  • Strong Approximations in Probability and Statistics

    • 1st Edition
    • M. Csörgo + 1 more
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Strong Approximations in Probability and Statistics presents strong invariance type results for partial sums and empirical processes of independent and identically distributed random variables (IIDRV). This seven-chapter text emphasizes the applicability of strong approximation methodology to a variety of problems of probability and statistics. Chapter 1 evaluates the theorems for Wiener and Gaussian processes that can be extended to partial sums and empirical processes of IIDRV through strong approximation methods, while Chapter 2 addresses the problem of best possible strong approximations of partial sums of IIDRV by a Wiener process. Chapters 3 and 4 contain theorems concerning the one-time parameter Wiener process and strong approximation for the empirical and quantile processes based on IIDRV. Chapter 5 demonstrate the validity of previously discussed theorems, including Brownian bridges and Kiefer process, for empirical and quantile processes. Chapter 6 illustrate the approximation of defined sequences of empirical density, regression, and characteristic functions by appropriate Gaussian processes. Chapter 7 deal with the application of strong approximation methodology to study weak and strong convergence properties of random size partial sum and empirical processes. This book will prove useful to mathematicians and advance mathematics students.

  • Integration of Equations of Parabolic Type by the Method of Nets

    • 1st Edition
    • V. K. Saul'Yev
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    International Series of Monographs in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 54: Integration of Equations of Parabolic Type by the Method of Nets deals with solving parabolic partial differential equations using the method of nets. The first part of this volume focuses on the construction of net equations, with emphasis on the stability and accuracy of the approximating net equations. The method of nets or method of finite differences (used to define the corresponding numerical method in ordinary differential equations) is one of many different approximate methods of integration of partial differential equations. The other methods, and some based on newer equations, are described. By analyzing these newer methods, older and existing methods are evaluated. For example, the asymmetric net equations; the alternating method of using certain equations; and the method of mean arithmetic and multi-nodal symmetric method point out that when the accuracy needs to be high, the requirements for stability become more defined. The methods discussed are very theoretical and methodological. The second part of the book concerns the practical numerical solution of the equations posed in Part I. Emphasis is on the commonly used iterative methods that are programmable on computers. This book is suitable for statisticians and numerical analysts and is also recommended for scientists and engineers with general mathematical knowledge.

  • A Course of Higher Mathematics

    International Series of Monographs in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 62: A Course of Higher Mathematics, V: Integration and Functional Analysis
    • 1st Edition
    • V. I. Smirnov
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    International Series of Monographs in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 62: A Course of Higher Mathematics, V: Integration and Functional Analysis focuses on the theory of functions. The book first discusses the Stieltjes integral. Concerns include sets and their powers, Darboux sums, improper Stieltjes integral, jump functions, Helly’s theorem, and selection principles. The text then takes a look at set functions and the Lebesgue integral. Operations on sets, measurable sets, properties of closed and open sets, criteria for measurability, and exterior measure and its properties are discussed. The text also examines set functions, absolute continuity, and generalization of the integral. Absolutely continuous set functions; absolutely continuous functions of several variables; supplementary propositions; and the properties of the Hellinger integral are presented. The text also focuses on metric and normed spaces. Separability, compactness, linear functionals, conjugate spaces, and operators in normed spaces are underscored. The book also discusses Hilbert space. Linear functionals, projections, axioms of the space, sequences of operators, and weak convergence are described. The text is a valuable source of information for students and mathematicians interested in studying the theory of functions.

  • The Theory of Finitely Generated Commutative Semigroups

    • 1st Edition
    • L. Rédei
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    The Theory of Finitely Generated Commutative Semigroups describes a theory of finitely generated commutative semigroups which is founded essentially on a single "fundamental theorem" and exhibits resemblance in many respects to the algebraic theory of numbers. The theory primarily involves the investigation of the F-congruences (F is the the free semimodule of the rank n, where n is a given natural number). As applications, several important special cases are given. This volume is comprised of five chapters and begins with preliminaries on finitely generated commutative semigroups before turning to a discussion of the problem of determining all the F-congruences as the fundamental problem of the proposed theory. The next chapter lays down the foundations of the theory by defining the kernel functions and the fundamental theorem. The elementary properties of the kernel functions are then considered, along with the ideal theory of free semimodules of finite rank. The final chapter deals with the isomorphism problem of the theory, which is solved by reducing it to the determination of the equivalent kernel functions. This book should be of interest to mathematicians as well as students of pure and applied mathematics.

  • Machine Vision

    Theory, Algorithms, Practicalities
    • 1st Edition
    • E. R. Davies
    • P. G. Farrell + 1 more
    • English
    Machine Vision: Theory, Algorithms, Practicalities covers the limitations, constraints, and tradeoffs of vision algorithms. This book is organized into four parts encompassing 21 chapters that tackle general topics, such as noise suppression, edge detection, principles of illumination, feature recognition, Bayes’ theory, and Hough transforms. Part 1 provides research ideas on imaging and image filtering operations, thresholding techniques, edge detection, and binary shape and boundary pattern analyses. Part 2 deals with the area of intermediate-level vision, the nature of the Hough transform, shape detection, and corner location. Part 3 demonstrates some of the practical applications of the basic work previously covered in the book. This part also discusses some of the principles underlying implementation, including on lighting and hardware systems. Part 4 highlights the limitations and constraints of vision algorithms and their corresponding solutions. This book will prove useful to students with undergraduate course on vision for electronic engineering or computer science.

  • Representations of Commonsense Knowledge

    • 1st Edition
    • Ernest Davis
    • Ronald J. Brachman
    • English
    Representations of Commonsense Knowledge provides a rich language for expressing commonsense knowledge and inference techniques for carrying out commonsense knowledge. This book provides a survey of the research on commonsense knowledge. Organized into 10 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the basic ideas on artificial intelligence commonsense reasoning. This text then examines the structure of logic, which is roughly analogous to that of a programming language. Other chapters describe how rules of universal validity can be applied to facts known with absolute certainty to deduce other facts known with absolute certainty. This book discusses as well some prominent issues in plausible inference. The final chapter deals with commonsense knowledge about the interrelations and interactions among agents and discusses some issues in human and social interactions that have been studied in the artificial intelligence literature. This book is a valuable resource for students on a graduate course on knowledge representation.

  • Handbook of Mathematics

    • 1st Edition
    • L. Kuipers + 1 more
    • English
    International Series of Monographs in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 99: Handbook of Mathematics provides the fundamental mathematical knowledge needed for scientific and technological research. The book starts with the history of mathematics and the number systems. The text then progresses to discussions of linear algebra and analytical geometry including polar theories of conic sections and quadratic surfaces. The book then explains differential and integral calculus, covering topics, such as algebra of limits, the concept of continuity, the theorem of continuous functions (with examples), Rolle's theorem, and the logarithmic function. The book also discusses extensively the functions of two variables in partial differentiation and multiple integrals. The book then describes the theory of functions, ordinary differential functions, special functions and the topic of sequences and series. The book explains vector analysis (which includes dyads and tensors), the use of numerical analysis, probability statistics, and the Laplace transform theory. Physicists, engineers, chemists, biologists, and statisticians will find this book useful.

  • Design Problem Solving

    Knowledge Structures and Control Strategies
    • 1st Edition
    • David C. Brown + 1 more
    • English
    Design Problem Solving: Knowledge Structures and Control Strategies describes the application of the generic task methodology to the problem of routine design. This book discusses the generic task methodology and what constitutes the essence of the Al approach to problem solving, including the analysis of design as an information processing activity. The basic design problem solving framework, DSPL language, and AIR-CYL Air cylinder design system are also elaborated. Other topics include the high level languages based on generic tasks, structure of a Class 3 design problem solver, and failure handling in routine design. The conceptual structure for the air cylinder and improvements to DSPL system support are likewise covered in this text. This publication is beneficial to students and specialists concerned with solving design problems.

  • Principles of Semantic Networks

    Explorations in the Representation of Knowledge
    • 1st Edition
    • John F. Sowa
    • English
    Principles of Semantic Networks: Explorations in the Representation of Knowledge provides information pertinent to the theory and applications of semantic networks. This book deals with issues in knowledge representation, which discusses theoretical topics independent of particular implementations. Organized into three parts encompassing 19 chapters, this book begins with an overview of semantic network structure for representing knowledge as a pattern of interconnected nodes and arcs. This text then analyzes the concepts of subsumption and taxonomy and synthesizes a framework that integrates many previous approaches and goes beyond them to provide an account of abstract and partially defines concepts. Other chapters consider formal analyses, which treat the methods of reasoning with semantic networks and their computational complexity. This book discusses as well encoding linguistic knowledge. The final chapter deals with a formal approach to knowledge representation that builds on ideas originating outside the artificial intelligence literature in research on foundations for programming languages. This book is a valuable resource for mathematicians.

  • Foundations of Galois Theory

    • 1st Edition
    • M.M. Postnikov
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Foundations of Galois Theory is an introduction to group theory, field theory, and the basic concepts of abstract algebra. The text is divided into two parts. Part I presents the elements of Galois Theory, in which chapters are devoted to the presentation of the elements of field theory, facts from the theory of groups, and the applications of Galois Theory. Part II focuses on the development of general Galois Theory and its use in the solution of equations by radicals. Equations that are solvable by radicals; the construction of equations solvable by radicals; and the unsolvability by radicals of the general equation of degree n ? 5 are discussed as well. Mathematicians, physicists, researchers, and students of mathematics will find this book highly useful.

  • Interpretation of Visual Motion

    A Computational Study
    • 1st Edition
    • Muralidhara Subbarao
    • English
    Interpretation of Visual Motion: A Computational Study provides an information processing point of view to the phenomenon of visual motion. This book discusses the computational theory formulated for recovering the scene from monocular visual motion, determining the local geometry and rigid body motion of surfaces from spatio-temporal parameters of visual motion. This compilation also provides a theoretical and computational framework for future research on visual motion, both in human vision and machine vision areas. Other topics include the computation of image flow from intensity derivatives, instantaneous image flow due to rigid motion, time and space-time derivatives of image flow, and estimation of maximum absolute error. This publication is recommended for professionals and non-specialists intending to acquire knowledge of visual motion.

  • A Many-Sorted Calculus Based on Resolution and Paramodulation

    • 1st Edition
    • Christoph Walther
    • English
    A Many-Sorted Calculus Based on Resolution and Paramodulation emphasizes the utilization of advantages and concepts of many-sorted logic for resolution and paramodulation based automated theorem proving. This book considers some first-order calculus that defines how theorems from given hypotheses by pure syntactic reasoning are obtained, shifting all the semantic and implicit argumentation to the syntactic and explicit level of formal first-order reasoning. This text discusses the efficiency of many-sorted reasoning, formal preliminaries for the RP- and ?RP-calculus, and many-sorted term rewriting and unification. The completeness and soundness of the ?RP-calculus, sort theorem, and automated theorem prover for the ?RP-calculus are also elaborated. This publication is a good source for students and researchers interested in many-sorted calculus.

  • Probability Inequalities in Multivariate Distributions

    • 1st Edition
    • Y. L. Tong
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Probability Inequalities in Multivariate Distributions is a comprehensive treatment of probability inequalities in multivariate distributions, balancing the treatment between theory and applications. The book is concerned only with those inequalities that are of types T1-T5. The conditions for such inequalities range from very specific to very general. Comprised of eight chapters, this volume begins by presenting a classification of probability inequalities, followed by a discussion on inequalities for multivariate normal distribution as well as their dependence on correlation coefficients. The reader is then introduced to inequalities for other well-known distributions, including the multivariate distributions of t, chi-square, and F; inequalities for a class of symmetric unimodal distributions and for a certain class of random variables that are positively dependent by association or by mixture; and inequalities obtainable through the mathematical tool of majorization and weak majorization. The book also describes some distribution-free inequalities before concluding with an overview of their applications in simultaneous confidence regions, hypothesis testing, multiple decision problems, and reliability and life testing. This monograph is intended for mathematicians, statisticians, students, and those who are primarily interested in inequalities.

  • Introduction to Stochastic Dynamic Programming

    • 1st Edition
    • Sheldon M. Ross
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Introduction to Stochastic Dynamic Programming presents the basic theory and examines the scope of applications of stochastic dynamic programming. The book begins with a chapter on various finite-stage models, illustrating the wide range of applications of stochastic dynamic programming. Subsequent chapters study infinite-stage models: discounting future returns, minimizing nonnegative costs, maximizing nonnegative returns, and maximizing the long-run average return. Each of these chapters first considers whether an optimal policy need exist—providing counterexamples where appropriate—and then presents methods for obtaining such policies when they do. In addition, general areas of application are presented. The final two chapters are concerned with more specialized models. These include stochastic scheduling models and a type of process known as a multiproject bandit. The mathematical prerequisites for this text are relatively few. No prior knowledge of dynamic programming is assumed and only a moderate familiarity with probability— including the use of conditional expectation—is necessary.

  • Lattice Path Counting and Applications

    • 1st Edition
    • Gopal Mohanty
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Probability and Mathematical Statistics: A Series of Monographs and Textbooks: Lattice Path Counting and Applications focuses on the principles, methodologies, and approaches involved in lattice path counting and applications, including vector representation, random walks, and rank order statistics. The book first underscores the simple and general boundaries of path counting. Topics include types of diagonal steps and a correspondence, paths within general boundaries, higher dimensional paths, vector representation, compositions, and domination, recurrence and generating function method, and reflection principle. The text then examines invariance and fluctuation and random walk and rank order statistics. Discussions focus on random walks, rank order statistics, Chung-Feller theorems, and Sparre Andersen's equivalence. The manuscript takes a look at convolution identities and inverse relations and discrete distributions, queues, trees, and search codes, as well as discrete distributions and a correlated random walk, trees and search codes, convolution identities, and orthogonal relations and inversion formulas. The text is a valuable reference for mathematicians and researchers interested in in lattice path counting and applications.

  • Residuation Theory

    • 1st Edition
    • T. S. Blyth + 1 more
    • I. N. Sneddon + 1 more
    • English
    Residuation Theory aims to contribute to literature in the field of ordered algebraic structures, especially on the subject of residual mappings. The book is divided into three chapters. Chapter 1 focuses on ordered sets; directed sets; semilattices; lattices; and complete lattices. Chapter 2 tackles Baer rings; Baer semigroups; Foulis semigroups; residual mappings; the notion of involution; and Boolean algebras. Chapter 3 covers residuated groupoids and semigroups; group homomorphic and isotone homomorphic Boolean images of ordered semigroups; Dubreil-Jacotin and Brouwer semigroups; and lolimorphisms. The book is a self-contained and unified introduction to residual mappings and its related concepts. It is applicable as a textbook and reference book for mathematicians who plan to learn more about the subject.

  • Regular Figures

    • 1st Edition
    • L. Fejes Tóth
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Regular Figures concerns the systematology and genetics of regular figures. The first part of the book deals with the classical theory of the regular figures. This topic includes description of plane ornaments, spherical arrangements, hyperbolic tessellations, polyhedral, and regular polytopes. The problem of geometry of the sphere and the two-dimensional hyperbolic space are considered. Classical theory is explained as describing all possible symmetrical groupings in different spaces of constant curvature. The second part deals with the genetics of the regular figures and the inequalities found in polygons; also presented as examples are the packing and covering problems of a given circle using the most or least number of discs. The problem of distributing n points on the sphere for these points to be placed as far as possible from each other is also discussed. The theories and problems discussed are then applied to pollen-grains, which are transported by animals or the wind. A closer look into the exterior composition of the grain shows many characteristics of uniform distribution of orifices, as well as irregular distribution. A formula that calculates such packing density is then explained. More advanced problems such as the genetics of the protean regular figures of higher spaces are also discussed. The book is ideal for physicists, mathematicians, architects, and students and professors in geometry.

  • The Method of Summary Representation for Numerical Solution of Problems of Mathematical Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 79
    • G. N. Polozhii
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 79: The Method of Summary Representation for Numerical Solution of Problems of Mathematical Physics presents the numerical solution of two-dimensional and three-dimensional boundary-value problems of mathematical physics. This book focuses on the second-order and fourth-order linear differential equations. Organized into two chapters, this volume begins with an overview of ordinary finite-difference equations and the general solutions of certain specific finite-difference equations. This text then examines the various methods of successive approximation that are used exclusively for solving finite-difference equations. This book discusses as well the established formula of summary representation for certain finite-difference operators that are associated with partial differential equations of mathematical physics. The final chapter deals with the formula of summary representation to enable the researcher to write the solution of the corresponding systems of linear algebraic equations in a simple form. This book is a valuable resource for mathematicians and physicists.

  • An Introduction to Mathematical Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Robert A. Rankin
    • English
    International Series of Monographs on Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 43: An Introduction to Mathematical Analysis discusses the various topics involved in the analysis of functions of a single real variable. The title first covers the fundamental idea and assumptions in analysis, and then proceeds to tackling the various areas in analysis, such as limits, continuity, differentiability, integration, convergence of infinite series, double series, and infinite products. The book will be most useful to undergraduate students of mathematical analysis.

  • Stochastic Calculus and Stochastic Models

    • 1st Edition
    • E. J. McShane
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Probability and Mathematical Statistics: A Series of Monographs and Textbooks: Stochastic Calculus and Stochastic Models focuses on the properties, functions, and applications of stochastic integrals. The publication first ponders on stochastic integrals, existence of stochastic integrals, and continuity, chain rule, and substitution. Discussions focus on differentiation of a composite function, continuity of sample functions, existence and vanishing of stochastic integrals, canonical form, elementary properties of integrals, and the Itô-belated integral. The book then examines stochastic differential equations, including existence of solutions of stochastic differential equations, linear differential equations and their adjoints, approximation lemma, and the Cauchy-Maruyama approximation. The manuscript takes a look at equations in canonical form, as well as justification of the canonical extension in stochastic modeling; rate of convergence of approximations to solutions; comparison of ordinary and stochastic differential equations; and invariance under change of coordinates. The publication is a dependable reference for mathematicians and researchers interested in stochastic integrals.

  • The Expected-Outcome Model of Two-Player Games

    • 1st Edition
    • Bruce Abramson
    • English
    The Expected-Outcome Model of Two-Player Games deals with the expected-outcome model of two-player games, in which the relative merit of game-tree nodes, rather than board positions, is considered. The ambiguity of static evaluation and the problems it generates in the search system are examined and the development of a domain-independent static evaluator is described. Comprised of eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of the rationale for the mathematical study of games, followed by a discussion on some previous artificial intelligence (AI) research efforts on game-trees. The next section opens with the definition of a node's expected-outcome value as the expected value of the leaves beneath it. The expected-outcome model is outlined, paying particular attention to the expected-outcome value of a game-tree node. This model was implemented on some small versions of tic-tac-toe and Othello. The book also presents results that offer strong support for both the validity of the expected-outcome model and the rationality of its underlying assumptions. This monograph is intended for specialists in AI and computer science.

  • Lambda-Matrices and Vibrating Systems

    • 1st Edition
    • Peter Lancaster
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Lambda-Matrices and Vibrating Systems presents aspects and solutions to problems concerned with linear vibrating systems with a finite degrees of freedom and the theory of matrices. The book discusses some parts of the theory of matrices that will account for the solutions of the problems. The text starts with an outline of matrix theory, and some theorems are proved. The Jordan canonical form is also applied to understand the structure of square matrices. Classical theorems are discussed further by applying the Jordan canonical form, the Rayleigh quotient, and simple matrix pencils with latent vectors in common. The book then expounds on Lambda matrices and on some numerical methods for Lambda matrices. These methods explain developments of known approximations and rates of convergence. The text then addresses general solutions for simultaneous ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients. The results of some of the studies are then applied to the theory of vibration by applying the Lagrange method for formulating equations of motion, after the formula establishing the energies and dissipation functions are completed. The book describes the theory of resonance testing using the stationary phase method, where the test is carried out by applying certain forces to the structure being studied, and the amplitude of response in the structure is measured. The book also discusses other difficult problems. The text can be used by physicists, engineers, mathematicians, and designers of industrial equipment that incorporates motion in the design.

  • Foundations of Stochastic Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • M. M. Rao
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Foundations of Stochastic Analysis deals with the foundations of the theory of Kolmogorov and Bochner and its impact on the growth of stochastic analysis. Topics covered range from conditional expectations and probabilities to projective and direct limits, as well as martingales and likelihood ratios. Abstract martingales and their applications are also discussed. Comprised of five chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the basic Kolmogorov-Bochner theorem, followed by a discussion on conditional expectations and probabilities containing several characterizations of operators and measures. The applications of these conditional expectations and probabilities to Reynolds operators are also considered. The reader is then introduced to projective limits, direct limits, and a generalized Kolmogorov existence theorem, along with infinite product conditional probability measures. The book also considers martingales and their applications to likelihood ratios before concluding with a description of abstract martingales and their applications to convergence and harmonic analysis, as well as their relation to ergodic theory. This monograph should be of considerable interest to researchers and graduate students working in stochastic analysis.

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