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Elsevier

Books in Materials science

The Materials Science portfolio includes titles covering core knowledge and new research and applications across the field: nanotechnology and nanomaterials; polymers and plastics; textiles; composites and ceramics; electronic, magnetic, and optical materials; metals and alloys; biomaterials; surface and film science and coating technologies; materials chemistry, and more. In-depth coverage, innovative state-of-the-art approaches, and real-world application examples provide valuable, actionable insights for researchers, students, and the corporate sector. Elsevier's Materials Science portfolio places special attention on areas of current and emerging interest such as additive manufacturing / 3D printing, graphene and 2D materials, smart materials, biomimetics... The content in Elsevier's Materials Science titles program addresses core challenges facing science and society: sustainable energy technologies, the circular economy, health and human welfare.

  • Radiation Effects Computer Experiments

    • 1st Edition
    • J.R. Beeler
    • English
    Defects in Solids, Volume 13: Radiation Effects Computer Experiments provides guidance to persons interested in learning how to develop and use computer experiment programs to simulate defect production and annealing in solids. The book first elaborates on computer experiment methods and outline of defect properties computations. Topics include metal models used in defect property example calculations; configuration energy computation procedure; migration energy computation procedure; dynamical method; and Monte Carlo method. The publication also examines vacancies and divacancies and self interstitials. The manuscript takes a look at impurity atoms, defect migration, and vacancy clusters. Discussions focus on heterogeneous nucleation of vacancy clusters and voids, vacancy and divacancy migration, substitutional metallic large impurity atom, and vacancy clusters in face-centered cubic metals. The publication also tackles binary collision approximation cascade program construction and collision cascades and displacement spikes. The text is a valuable source of information for readers wanting to develop and use computer experiment programs to copy defect production and annealing in solids.

  • Ion Beam Handbook for Material Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • James W. Mayer + 1 more
    • English
    Ion Beam Handbook for Material Analysis emerged from the U.S.-Italy Seminar on Ion Beam Analysis of Near Surface Regions held at the Baia-Verde Hotel, Catania, June 17-20, 1974. The seminar was sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche under the United States-Italy Cooperative Science Program. The book provides a useful collection of tables, graphs, and formulas for those involved in ion beam analysis. These tables, graphs, and formulas are divided into five chapters that cover the following topics: energy loss and energy straggling; backscattering spectrometry; channeling; applications of ion-induced nuclear reactions; and the use of ion-induced X-ray yields.

  • Hot Isostatic Pressing '93

    • 1st Edition
    • L. Delaey + 1 more
    • English
    Various topics related to Hot Isostatic Pressing are presented in this volume. As well as papers on more general aspects of HIPing, the papers are organised into four groups: metals and alloys, ceramics, HIP-engineering, and HIP-fundamentals. Castings, powder metallurgy, intermetallics, surface engineering and diffusion bounding are covered in the first group. The papers on ceramics give special attention to HIPing of structural and functional ceramics as well as to ceramic composites. Some interesting HIP-engineering innovations are presented on HIP equipment and HIP-technology. The papers which discuss HIP-fundamentals focus around materials modelling and component modelling.

  • Ion Beam Processing of Materials and Deposition Processes of Protective Coatings

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 53
    • P.L.F. Hemment + 9 more
    • English
    Containing the proceedings of three symposia in the E-MRS series this book is divided into two parts. Part one is concerned with ion beam processing, a particularly powerful and versatile technology which can be used both to synthesise and modify materials, including metals, semiconductors, ceramics and dielectrics, with great precision and excellent control. Furthermore it also deals with the correlated effects in atomic and cluster ion bombardment and implantation.Part two deals with the deposition techniques, characterization and applications of advanced ceramic, metallic and polymeric coatings or thin films for surface protection against corrosion, erosion, abrasion, diffusion and for lubrication of contracting surfaces in relative motion.

  • Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films 1990

    • 1st Edition
    • B.D. Sartwell
    • English
    Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films 1990 presents the Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and 8th International Conference on Thin Films, held in San Diego, California on April 2-6, 1990. It contains 219 papers covering a wide range of topics related to metallurgical coatings and thin films, including high temperature coatings, hard coatings, diamond films, tribology, and ion beam modification. Organized into 99 chapters, this volume begins with a discussion of a thermochemical model for diamond growth from the vapor phase and an experiment in large area diamond coating using a combustion flame torch in its traversing mode. It then explores the properties of diamond films, preparation of diamond-like carbon films using various ion-beam-assisted techniques, deposition of diamond-like films by laser ablation, and coating of cubic BN films on different substrates. The book examines surface processes and rate-determining steps in plasma-induced chemical vapor deposition, and addition of rare earths to improve scale adherence on heat-resisting alloys and coatings. The reader is introduced to high temperature wear and clearance control coatings, thermal barrier coatings, and corrosion resistant coatings. The book also discusses modification of coatings/surfaces to reduce friction; the mechanics of the tribology of thin films systems; mechanochemical interactions in the tribological behavior of materials; analysis and micromechanical testing of tribological coatings; surface modification using directed ion beams; and industrial equipment and processes. This book is a valuable resource for students and researchers interested in metallurgical coatings and thin films.

  • Plasma Deposition, Treatment, and Etching of Polymers

    The Treatment and Etching of Polymers
    • 1st Edition
    • Riccardo d'Agostino
    • English
    Plasma Deposition, Treatment, and Etching of Polymers takes a broad look at the basic principles, the chemical processes, and the diagnostic procedures in the interaction of plasmas with polymer surfaces. This recent technology has yielded a large class of new materials offering many applications, including their use as coatings for chemical fibers and films. Additional applications include uses for the passivation of metals, the surface hardening of tools, increased biocompatibility of biomedical materials, chemical and physical sensors, and a variety of micro- and optoelectronic devices.

  • Recent Research in Molecular Beams

    • 1st Edition
    • Immanual Estermann
    • English
    Recent Research in Molecular Beam is a collection of scientific papers that have been inspired by Otto Stern, the founder of Molecular Beam Research. This book is composed of 10 chapters and begins with discussions on the early history of molecular beam research. The next chapters describe the velocity distribution measurements made on potassium molecular beams with a fixed-frequency, variable phase velocity selector, along with a brief consideration of the principles and concepts of electron magnetic moment and atomic magnetism. A chapter presents the atomic beam spectroscopic experiments on the metastable state of the hydrogen-like atoms that depend on a wholly different principle for the detection of transitions. This text further explores the effects of variations in the oscillatory field amplitudes, perturbations by neighboring resonances, perturbations by oscillatory fields, variations in the fixed field amplitudes, and phase shifts of the oscillatory fields. These topics are followed by a comparison of advantages and limitations of various techniques for spin property measurement as they apply in particular to radioactive nuclei, such as optical and molecular gas microwave spectroscopy, nuclear and paramagnetic resonance, and atomic beams. The remaining chapters examine fluid friction in a rarefied gas flow; some applications of molecular beam techniques to chemistry; and the polarized neutrons based on a Stern-Gerlach experiment. This work will be of great value to workers and researchers in molecular beam field.

  • Mechanics and Fatigue in Wheel/Rail Contact

    • 1st Edition
    • S.L. Grassie
    • English
    These proceedings demonstrate the increasing interest and importance of contact mechanics and wear to the railway industry. The 27 contributions succeed in sustaining a balance between mechanics and metallurgy, theory and practice, and will be of considerable interest to those engaged in research, as well as practising engineers.

  • Atomic Mechanics of Solids

    • 1st Edition
    • A.K. Macpherson
    • English
    This volume brings together some of the presently available theoretical techniques which will be useful in the design of solid-state materials. At present, it is impossible to specify the atomic composition of a material and its macroscopic physical properties. However, the future possibilities for such a science are being laid today. This is coming about due to the development of fast, cheap computers which will be able to undertake the calculations which are necessary.Since this field of science is fairly new, it is not yet quite clear which direction of analysis will eventually prove to be the most successful. In this respect the author has included the most relevant promising subject areas, based on seven years of research experience in the field. An extensive literature already exists for most of the areas covered here, thus when more detailed analysis can be found elsewhere, the assumptions made are discussed, and only an outline of the method involved is presented. Comprehensive indexes are provided to assist the reader in further studies. This is a potentially important field which is slowly getting underway and only needs a significant development to attract a broader scientific interest. The work will be of considerable interest to program managers needing to assess this new field.

  • Etching of Crystals

    Theory, Experiment and Application
    • 1st Edition
    • K. Sangwal
    • English
    Defects in Solids, Volume 15: Etching of Crystals: Theory, Experiment, and Application focuses on the processes, reactions, and methodologies involved in the etching of crystals, including thermodynamics and diffusion. The publication first underscores the defects in crystals, detection of defects, and growth and dissolution of crystals. Discussions focus on thermodynamic theories, nature of pit sites, surface roughening during diffusion-controlled dissolution, growth controlled by simultaneous mass transfer and surface reactions, and chemical and thermal etching. The text then examines the theories of dissolution and etch-pit formation and the chemical aspects of the dissolution process, including catalytic reactions, dissolution of semiconductors, topochemical adsorption theories, and diffusion theories. The book tackles the solubility of crystals and complexes in solution and the kinetics and mechanism of dissolution. Topics include metallic crystals, semiconductors, stability of complexes, relationship between solubility, surface energy, and hardness of crystals, and solvents for crystals and estimation of crystal solubility in solvents other than water. The publication is a dependable source of data for readers interested in the etching of crystals.

  • Advances in the Understanding of Crystal Growth Mechanisms

    • 1st Edition
    • T. Nishinaga + 4 more
    • English
    This book contains the results of a research project entitled Crystal Growth Mechanisms on an Atomic Scale, which was carried out for 3 years by some 72 reseachers. Until recently in Japan, only the technological aspects of crystal growth have been emphasized and attention was paid only to its importance in industry. However the scientific aspects also need to be considered so that the technology of crystal growth can be developed even further. This project therefore aimed at understanding crystal growth and the emphasis was on finding growth mechanisms on an atomic scale.

  • Solid State Ionics

    • 1st Edition
    • H.L. Tuller + 2 more
    • English
    In recent years Solid State Ionics have attracted considerable interest due to the important role which they may play in the future of microelectronics and eventually in other fields of energy storage. This volume presents papers on the theory, experiments and applications in this field including: New materials; Insertion compounds; Transport; Structure; Polymeric electrolytes; Mixed conductors; Protonic and oxygen conductors; and electrochromics.

  • The Elements of Polymer Science and Engineering

    An Introductory Text for Engineers and Chemists
    • 1st Edition
    • Alfred Rudin
    • English
    This introductory text is intended as the basis for a two or three semester course in synthetic macromolecules. It can also serve as a self-instruction guide for engineers and scientists without formal training in the subject who find themselves working with polymers. For this reason, the material covered begins with basic concepts and proceeds to current practice, where appropriate.

  • Thin Film Processes

    • 1st Edition
    • John L. Vossen
    • English
    Remarkable advances have been made in recent years in the science and technology of thin film processes for deposition and etching. It is the purpose of this book to bring together tutorial reviews of selected filmdeposition and etching processes from a process viewpoint. Emphasis is placed on the practical use of the processes to provide working guidelines for their implementation, a guide to the literature, and an overview of each process.

  • Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena

    • 1st Edition
    • F.J. Humphreys + 1 more
    • English
    The annealing of deformed materials is of both technological importance and scientific interest. The phenomena have been most widely studied in metals, although they occur in all crystalline materials such as the natural deformation of rocks and the processing of technical ceramics. Research is mainly driven by the requirements of industry, and where appropriate, the book discusses the extent to which we are able to formulate quantitative, physically-based models which can be applied to metal-forming processes.The subjects treated in this book are all active research areas, and form a major part of at least four regular international conference series. However, there have only been two monographs published in recent times on the subject of recrystallization, the latest nearly 20 years ago. Since that time, considerable advances have been made, both in our understanding of the subject and in the techniques available to the researcher.The book covers recovery, recrystallization and grain growth in depth including specific chapters on ordered materials, two-phase alloys, annealing textures and annealing during and after hot working. Also contained are treatments of the deformed state and the structure and mobility of grain boundaries, technologically important examples and a chapter on computer simulation and modelling. The book provides a scientific treatment of the subject for researchers or students in Materials Science, Metallurgy and related disciplines, who require a more detailed coverage than is found in textbooks on physical metallurgy, and a more coherent treatment than will be found in the many conference proceedings and review articles.

  • Synthesis, Crystal Growth and Characterization

    • 1st Edition
    • K. Lal
    • English
    Synthesis, Crystal Growth and Characterization presents the proceedings of the International School on Synthesis, Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, held on October 12-23, 1981, at the National Physical Laboratory in New Delhi, India. The book consists of lectures by distinguished scientists from around the world who tackle different aspects of synthesis, crystal growth, characterization of materials, energy conversion, and energy storage. Organized into four parts encompassing 26 chapters, the book begins with an overview of the synthesis of materials at high temperatures and pressures before turning to a discussion of how macrocrystalline and amorphous silicon is prepared. It then looks at fundamental principles underlying the process of crystal growth, both from the vapor phase and from melt, and methodically introduces the reader to the different techniques used to characterize materials, including neutron scattering and electron transport. The next chapters focus on point defects and aggregates that influence the critical electronic properties of semiconducting materials, X-ray diffraction studies of strains and stresses in thin films used in solid-state devices, and electron spectroscopic studies of solid surfaces. The book also considers the role of physics in microelectronics and vice versa, fast ion transport in solids, and the concept of Syadvada in relation to modern physics. This volume is a valuable resource for participants of the International School on Synthesis, Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, as well as active researchers working in areas related to the field.

  • Semiconducting Ore Minerals

    • 1st Edition
    • R Shuey
    • English
    Developments in Economic Geology, 4: Semiconducting Ore Minerals provides a comprehensive discussion of the semiconductor physics of ore minerals, which is a specialized field that is interdisciplinary to materials science and earth science. The book is organized into four parts. Part I deals with basic principles such as the electronic structure of solids; electrical conduction in semiconductors; and various crystal properties which, like conductivity, depend primarily upon the electronic structure. It also discusses theoretical and experimental investigations pertinent to complex electrical inhomogeneity. Part 2 examines the properties of elements such as bismuth, copper, and graphite. Part 3 deals with sulfides including arsenopyrite, bornite, chalcocite, chalcopyrite, covellite, molybdenite, pyrrhotite, and sphalerite. Part 4 covers oxides, including cassiterite, cuprite, hematite, magnetite, pyrolusite, and rutile. This book may be a useful reference for those involved with research on ore minerals, including geophysicists, geochemists, or extractive metallurgists.

  • Electrons In Metals And Alloys

    • 1st Edition
    • J. A. Alonso + 1 more
    • English
    This book is a broad review of the electronic structure of metals and alloys. It emphasises the way in which the behavior of electrons in these materials governs the thermodynamic and other properties of these conducting materials. The theoretical treatment proceeds from a wave mechanics approach to more sophisticated techniques for the description of the properties of metals and alloys.

  • Superalloys, Supercomposites and Superceramics

    • 1st Edition
    • John K Tien
    • English
    Superalloys, Supercomposites and Superceramics reviews the state of superalloy technology and some of the more salient aspects of alternative high temperature systems such as superceramics and supercomposites. Superalloy topics range from resource availability to advanced processing such as VIM, VAR, and VADAR, along with investment casting and single crystal growth, new superplastic forming techniques and powder metallurgy, structure property relationships, strengthening mechanisms, oxidation, hydrogen embrittlement, and phase predictions. This book is comprised of 22 chapters that explore key issues of high temperature materials in a synergistic manner. The first chapter reflects on the growth of the superalloy industry and its technology over the past 40 years. The discussion then turns to some of the trends in superalloy development, focusing on what is understood to be meant by the term strategic materials and the current status of resources and reserves in the United States. Particular attention is given to the supply sources and availability of strategic materials. The results achieved from the research program undertaken by NASA Lewis Research Center named Conservation Of Strategic Aerospace Materials (COSAM) are also presented. The chapters that follow explore alternative high temperature systems such as intermetallics, fiber reinforced superalloys, and the processing and high temperature properties of ceramics and carbon-carbon composites. This book will be a valuable resource for professionals and graduate students interested in learning about superalloys, supercomposites, and superceramics.

  • Magnetism And Metallurgy Of Soft Magnetic Materials

    • 1st Edition
    • C.W. Chem
    • English
    Magnetism and Metallurgy of Soft Magnetic Materials consistently and coherently presents the principles underlying the intrinsic and applied properties of soft magnets. This book is divided into two parts, focusing on magnetism and metallurgy. The first part of this book provides the various kinds of magnetism and the fundamental quantities of magnetism, such as magnetic poles, magnetic dipole, magnetic moment, magnetic field and magnetic induction. The second and third chapters focus on the theories of ferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism, as well as their domain structure and magnetization processes. The next chapter deals with the different magnetic properties, such as the intrinsic properties and the two structure-sensitive properties, the static properties and the dynamic properties. The second half of this book deals with the metallurgy and application of soft magnetic materials, such as the pure iron and steels, iron-silicon alloys, nickel-iron alloys, iron-cobalt alloys, ferrites, and thin films. Finally, this book offers special topics on radiation effects and magnetic bubbles and devices.

  • High T<INF>c</INF> Superconductors

    Preparation and Application
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 6B
    • P.F. Bongers + 2 more
    • English
    The papers in this two volume set provide the latest information on research and development in the field of high Tc-materials. Special emphasis is placed on methods of preparation and microstructural characterization for both thin films and single crystals. Considerable attention is also paid to the potential applications of thin films and bulk materials. The following topics are covered in detail: New superconductors; Relations between structure and/or substitution and superconductivity in ternary Cu-oxides; Single crystals, microstructure; Thin films, preparation and properties; Technical applications.

  • Impurity Doping Processes in Silicon

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • F.F.Y. Wang
    • English
    This book introduces to non-experts several important processes of impurity doping in silicon and goes on to discuss the methods of determination of the concentration of dopants in silicon. The conventional method used is the discussion process, but, since it has been sufficiently covered in many texts, this work describes the double-diffusion method.

  • Computed Electron Micrographs And Defect Identification

    • 1st Edition
    • A.K. Head
    • English
    Computed Electron Micrographs and Defect Identification illustrates a technique for identifying defects in crystalline solids by the comparison of their images, which are produced in the electron microscope, with corresponding theoretical images. This book discusses the diffraction of electrons by a crystal; the two-beam dynamical equations; the absorption parameters; the deviation of the crystal from the Bragg reflecting position; the extinction distance; the displacement vector; and the foil normal. Chapter three presents the experimental techniques for determination of beam direction, defect line normal, foil normal, foil thickness, and extinction distance. Chapters four to seven explore ONEDIS and TWODIS and their principles. Chapters eight and nine focus on the application and limitations of the technique, while the last chapter explores the different computer programs related to the technique. Post-graduate students, as well as researchers using transmission electron microscopy for studying defects in crystalline solids, will find this book invaluable.

  • Materials Analysis by Ion Channeling

    Submicron Crystallography
    • 1st Edition
    • Leonard C. Feldman + 2 more
    • English
    Our intention has been to write a book that would be useful to people with a variety of levels of interest in this subject. Clearly it should be useful to both graduate students and workers in the field. We have attempted to bring together many of the concepts used in channeling beam analysis with an indication of the origin of the ideas within fundamental channeling theory. The level of the book is appropriate to senior under-graduates and graduate students who have had a modern physics course work in related areas of materials science and wish to learn more about the "channeling" probe, its strengths, weaknesses, and areas of further potential application. To them we hope we have explained this apparent paradox of using mega-electron volt ions to probe solid state phenomena that have characteristic energies of electron volts.

  • Friction and Wear of Polymer Composites

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • Klaus Friedrich
    • English
    Providing a useful summary of current knowledge on the friction and wear properties of composite materials, this book fills the gap between publications on fundamental principles of tribology and those on the friction and wear behavior of metals and polymers. Detailed coverage is given of: the fundamental aspects of tribology in general and polymer composites in particular; the effects of the microstructure of composites on friction and wear behavior under different external loading conditions; and the problem of the control of friction and wear behavior in practical situations. Although emphasis is on polymer composites associated with bearing-type applications, part of the book is also devoted to the friction and wear of metal-based composites and rubber compounds. The data are represented in the form of 277 figures, diagrams and photographs, and 68 tables. The author index covers more than 670 references, and the subject index more than 1,000 keywords.The book will be of particular interest to: those involved in research on some aspects of polymer composites tribology (material scientists, physical chemists, mechanical engineers); those wishing to learn more methods for solving practical friction or wear problems (designers, engineers and technologists in industries, dealing with selection, reprocessing and application of polymer engineering materials); and teachers and students at universities.

  • Small Scale Structures

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 52
    • N.F. de Rooij + 6 more
    • English
    This book contains the proceedings of 3 symposia dealing with various aspects of small scale structures. Symposium A deals with the development of new materials, including ceramics, polymers, metals, etc., their microstructuring as well as their potential for application in microsystems. All kinds of microsystems are considered, e.g. mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, biochemical and issues related to assembly and packaging were also covered.Symposium B deals with four topics: synthesis and preparation of nanostructured ceramics and composites with well-controlled geometric order and chemical composition; coupling of these structures to transducers for current and future chemical and biochemical devices based upon microoptics, microelectronics, microionics, microelectrodes or molecular cages; planar thin film structures and the control of covalent thin film/transducer couplings, the control of selective, stable and sensitive recognition centers at the surface, at grain boundaries or in the bulk of selected nanostructured materials with extremely narrow particle size distributions; analysis of these structures and sensor functions by means of techniques utilizing photons, electrons, ions, or atomic particle beam probes.Symposium E examines the structure-property relationships in thin films and multilayers, from the point of view of both fundamental studies and practical applications.

  • Superconducting and Low-Temperature Particle Detectors

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 5
    • G. Waysand + 1 more
    • English
    As demonstrated by the contributions in this volume, the domain of superconducting and low-temperature devices is in a rapidly expanding phase. Interactions between materials sciences, low-temperature physics, astrophysics, nuclear and particle physics have provided the incentive for new experiments, which could ultimately record such rare interactions as double beta decay, neutrino scattering, or collisions of the elusive dark matter halo particles. The theoretical and experimental improvements achieved during the last year have been impressive. Detection of 60 keV resolution with a non-zero spin material as a target seems therefore realizable in the near future. Similarly, impressive achievements on ballistic phonons detection and superheated superconducting detectors have been presented, together with reliable techniques for developing ultra low noise electronics required by these ambitious experiments. Apart from the contributions presented during the symposium, the two original papers by Niinikoski proposing the use of bolometers as particle detectors have been included in this volume. These papers, despite their current interest, have never been published before. The comprehensive style of the papers will appeal to specialists and non-specialists alike, in particular solid-state physicists will find the volume of considerable interest, as the field of materials research continues to benefit from the type of work presented here.

  • Phase Separation in Glass

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 5
    • Oleg V. Mazurin + 1 more
    • English

  • Creep And Relaxation Of Nonlinear Viscoelastic Materials With An Introduction To Linear Viscoelasticity

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 18
    • W.N. Findley
    • English
    Creep and Relaxation of Nonlinear Viscoelastic Materials with an Introduction to Linear Viscoelasticity deals with nonlinear viscoelasticity, with emphasis on creep and stress relaxation. It explains the concepts of elastic, plastic, and viscoelastic behavior, along with creep, recovery, relaxation, and linearity. It also describes creep in a variety of viscoelastic materials, such as metals and plastics. Organized into 13 chapters, this volume begins with a historical background on creep, followed by discussions about strain and stress analysis, linear viscoelasticity, linear viscoelastic stress analysis, and oscillatory stress and strain. It methodically walks the reader through topics such as the multiple integral theory with simplifications to single integrals, incompressibility and linear compressibility, and the responses of viscoelastic materials to stress boundary conditions (creep), strain boundary conditions (relaxation), and mixed stress and strain boundary conditions (simultaneous creep and relaxation). The book also looks at the problem of the effect of temperature, especially variable temperature, on nonlinear creep, and describes methods for the characterization of kernel functions, stress analysis of nonlinear viscoelastic materials, and experimental techniques for creep and stress relaxation under combined stress. This book is a useful text for designers, students, and researchers.

  • Fatigue of Composite Materials

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 4
    • K.L. Reifsnider
    • English
    This book provides the first comprehensive review of its kind on the long-term behaviour of composite materials and structures subjected to time variable mechanical, thermal, and chemical influences, a subject of critical importance to the design, development, and certification of high performance engineering structures. Specific topics examined include damage, damage characterization, and damage mechanics; fatigue testing and evaluation; fatigue behaviour of short and long fibre reinforced polymer and metal matrix materials; viscoelastic and moisture effects; delamination; statistical considerations; the modeling of cumulative damage development; and life prediction. The volume provides an extensive presentation of data, discussions, and comparisons on the behaviour of the major types of material systems in current use, as well as extensive analysis and modeling (including the first presentation of work not found elsewhere). The book will be of special interest to engineers concerned with reliability, maintainability, safety, certification, and damage tolerance; to materials developers concerned with making materials for long-term service, especially under severe loads and environments, and to lecturers, students, and researchers involved in material system design, performance, solid mechanics, fatigue, durability, and composite materials. The scope of the work extends from entry level material to the frontiers of the subject.

  • Selected Topics in Group IV and II-VI Semiconductors

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 54
    • E.H.C. Parker + 4 more
    • English
    This book contains the proceedings of two symposia which brought together crystal growers, chemists and physicists from across the world. The first part is concerned with silicon molecular beam epitaxy and presents an overview of the most research being done in the field.Part two discusses the problems dealing with purification, doping and defects of II-VI materials, mainly of the important semiconductors CdTe and ZnSe. The focus is on materials science issues which are the key for a better understanding of these materials and for any industrial application.

  • Nuclear Materials for Fission Reactors

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 28
    • H. Matzke + 1 more
    • English
    This volume brings together 47 papers from scientists involved in the fabrication of new nuclear fuels, in basic research of nuclear materials, their application and technology as well as in computer codes and modelling of fuel behaviour. The main emphasis is on progress in the development of non-oxide fuels besides reporting advances in the more conventional oxide fuels. The two currently performed large reactor safety programmes CORA and PHEBUS-FP are described in invited lectures. The contributions review basic property measurements, as well as the present state of fuel performance modelling. The performance of today's nuclear fuel, hence UO2, at high burnup is also reviewed with particular emphasis on the recently observed phenomenon of grain subdivision in the cold part of the oxide fuel at high burnup, the so-called "rim" effect. Similar phenomena can be simulated by ion implantation in order to better elucidate the underlying mechanism and reviews on high resolution electron microscopy provide further information. The papers will provide a useful treatise of views, ideas and new results for all those scientists and engineers involved in the specific questions of current nuclear waste management.

  • Precipitation Hardening

    Theory and Applications
    • 2nd Edition
    • J. W. Martin
    • English
    Precipitation Hardening (or age-hardening) is an important technique for the metal-using industries. The process is used to enhance the mechanical properties of a wide range of alloys, notably those based on aluminium, but also embracing some nickel and other non-ferrous alloys as well as certain steels. It is important that the mechanisms that produce this improvement in properties are understood so that the desired properties can be optimised. This book provides a thorough treatment and grounding in the subject for the student of materials science and engineering, as well as guidance, for those using the process in industry and in research. A number of excerpts from classic papers are included, which illustrate the development of precipitation hardening from being an art to a science.Precipitatio... Hardening (or age-hardening) is an important technique for the metal-using industries. The process is used to enhance the mechanical properties of a wide range of alloys, notably those based on aluminium, but also embracing some nickel and other non-ferrous alloys as well as certain steels. It is important that the mechanisms that produce this improvement in properties are understood so that the desired properties can be optimised. This book provides a thorough treatment and grounding in the subject for the student of materials science and engineering, as well as guidance, for those using the process in industry and in research. A number of excerpts from classic papers are included, which illustrate the development of precipitation hardening from being an art to a science.

  • Laser Materials Processing

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 3
    • Michael Bass
    • English
    Laser Materials Processing aims to introduce lasers and laser systems to the newcomers to laser terminology and to provide enough background material on lasers to reduce one's hesitation to employ these devices. The book covers the use of lasers in materials processing, including its application in cutting and welding, as well as the principles behind them; laser heat treatment; rapid solidification laser processing at high power density; shaping of materials using lasers; and laser processing of semiconductors. The selection also covers considerations in laser manufacturing and a survey in laser applications. The text is recommended for both experienced laser users, engineers, or scientists yet unfamiliar with the subject. The book is also recommended for those who wish to know about the importance of lasers in the field of materials processing, as the bulk of the book is devoted to the discussions of some of the most important materials processing activities in use or under development.

  • Diffraction and Imaging Techniques in Material Science P1

    Electron Microscopy
    • 2nd Edition
    • S Amelinckx
    • English
    Diffraction and Imaging Techniques in Material Science describes the various methods used to study the atomic structure of matter at an atomic scale based on the interaction between matter and radiation. It classifies the possible methods of observation by making a list of radiations on the basis of wavelength, including ions, X-ray photons, neutrons, and electrons. It also discusses transmission electron microscopy, the weak-beam method of electron microscopy, and some applications of transmission electron microscopy to phase transitions. Organized into 13 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the kinematic theory of electron diffraction and the ways to treat diffraction by a deformed crystal. It discusses the dynamical theory of diffraction of fast electrons, the treatment of absorption in the dynamical theory of electron diffraction, the use of electron microscopy to study planar interfaces, and analysis of weak-beam images. The book also covers the use of computed electron micrographs in defect identification, crystallographic analysis of dislocation loops containing shear components, and detection and identification of small coherent particles. In addition, the reader is introduced to interpretation of diffuse scattering and short-range order, along with the crystallography of martensitic transformations. The remaining chapters focus on the working principle of the transmission electron microscope, experimental structure imaging of crystals, and the study of diffuse scattering effects originating from substitutional disorder and displacement disorder. The information on diffraction and imaging techniques in material science contained in this book will be helpful to students, researchers, and scientists.

  • Welding: Theory and Practice

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 8
    • D.L. Olson + 2 more
    • English
    This volume gives a comprehensive and thorough review on recent advances in the science of welding and provides a treatise for their application in day-to-day welding activities. The essential science of welding is presented for the first time in a style that is comprehensible to the craftsman, engineer and scientist. The application of welding technology requires familiarity with a broad spectrum of engineering and science. The practitioners of this technology need to be familiar with mathematics, physics, chemistry, metallurgy, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering to mention the basics. These practitioners may only have a scant knowledge in all areas, and this book is intended to provide those practising welding with a broad but subtly in-depth overview of the subject.To accomplish this the book is divided into: weld pool chemistry and microstructure, processes: high energy density; low energy density; and bonding, heat input and associated stress, and computer control. Each of these areas addresses the literature, the fundamental science and engineering, and where the technology stands with respect to the topic.The knowledge level anticipated is not that of a senior engineer or researcher, although they could enjoy the works as much as anyone, but is more designed for those involved in the daily practise of welding. Thus the book will be of interest to craftsmen, students, engineers, researchers, managers, and those interested in the Theory and Practice of welding.

  • Applications of Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal Microbalances

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 7
    • C. Lu + 1 more
    • English
    Applications of Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal Microbalances deals with the theory, design, artifacts, and varied applications of the piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance. Applications of microbalances range from thin film deposition process control to simultaneous measurement of mass and temperature, analytical chemistry, and space system contamination studies. Stress effects in microbalances are also considered. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with a historical background and overview of applications of piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalances, followed by an analysis of the theory and practice of microbalances. The role of acoustic impedance in a quartz crystal microbalance and design considerations for a microbalance are given emphasis. Subsequent chapters focus on applications of microbalances in thin film deposition process control; simultaneous measurement of mass and temperature; surface science and analytical chemistry; plasma-assisted etching and space system contamination studies; and aerosol mass measurement. This monograph will be of interest to students and practitioners of physics, chemistry, and materials science.

  • High Tc Superconductor Thin Films

    • 1st Edition
    • L. Correra
    • English
    Interdisciplinary research on superconducting oxides is the main focus of the contributions in this volume. Several aspects of the thin film field from fundamental properties to applications are examined. Interesting results for the Bi system are also reviewed. The 132 papers, including 8 invited, report mainly on the 1-2-3 system, indicating that the Y-Ba-Cu-O and related compounds are still the most intensively studied materials in this field. The volume attests to the significant progress that has been made in this field, as well as reporting on the challenging problems that still remain to be solved.

  • Wide-band-gap Semiconductors

    • 1st Edition
    • C.G. Van de Walle
    • English
    Wide-band-gap semiconductors have been a research topic for many decades. However, it is only in recent years that the promise for technological applications came to be realized; simultaneously an upsurge of experimental and theoretical activity in the field has been witnessed. Semiconductors with wide band gaps exhibit unique electronic and optical properties. Their low intrinsic carrier concentrations and high breakdown voltage allow high-temperature and high-power applications (diamond, SiC etc.). The short wavelength of band-to-band transitions allows emission in the green, blue, or even UV region of the spectrum (ZnSe, GaN, etc.). In addition, many of these materials have favorable mechanical and thermal characteristics.Thes... proceedings reflect the exciting progress made in this field. Successful p-type doping of ZnSe has recently led to the fabrication of blue-green injection lasers in ZnSe; applications of short-wavelength light-emitting devices range from color displays to optical storage. In SiC, advances in growth techniques for bulk as well as epitaxial material have made the commercial production of high-temperature and high-frequency devices possible. For GaN, refinement of growth procedures and new ways of obtaining doped material have resulted in blue-light-emitting diodes and opened the road to the development of laser diodes. Finally, while the quality of artificial diamond is not yet high enough for electronic applications, the promise it holds in terms of unique material properties is encouraging intense activity in the field.This volume contains contributions from recognized experts presently working on different material systems in the field. The papers cover the theoretical, experimental and application-oriented aspects of this exciting topic.

  • Vacuum Technology

    • 3rd Edition
    • A. Roth
    • English
    This third updated and enlarged edition includes about 350 new papers added to the previous list of references. The contents have been revised and updated in the areas of:Thermonuclear pumping; Throughput; Transmission probability; Electronic circuit simulation; Sorption on charcoal; Desorption from porous materials; Desorption from stainless steel, A1 alloys (outgassing rates); Ion bombardment (glow discharge) cleaning; Clay - type pumps; Turbomolecular pumps-improvements; Cryosorption; NEG (Nonevaporable getter) linear pumps; Standards for measurement of pumping speed (Recommended practice, test domes); Spinning rotor gauges; Quartz friction gauges; Increase of sensitivity of thermocouple gauges; Lubrication in vacuum; Calibration of diffusion leaks; Improvements in leak detection.Besides its role in educational activities, the book will also serve as a handbook for those working in this field, or in fields connected to Vacuum Technology.Comments from the press on the second edition:"A valuable reference work for undergraduate libraries...well organized and clearly written and strikes an appropriate balance between completeness and attention to fundamentals. The index and references are unusually complete. Recommended." (Choice)"Roth's new book contains a comprehensive collection of information on rarefied-gas flow, physical and chemical phenomena associated with vacuum technology, the production and measurement of high vacuum and sealing and leak-detection techniques. One finds a wealth of equations, numerical examples, tables, graphs and monographs. The book is more a handbook than a source book of latest developments. It is suitable for teaching, but the wealth of organized data should also make the book highly useful to engineers..." (Physics Today)

  • Introduction to Solid State Electronics

    • 2nd Edition
    • F.F.Y. Wang
    • English
    This textbook is specifically tailored for undergraduate engineering courses offered in the junior year, providing a thorough understanding of solid state electronics without relying on the prerequisites of quantum mechanics. In contrast to most solid state electronics texts currently available, with their generalized treatments of the same topics, this is the first text to focus exclusively and in meaningful detail on introductory material. The original text has already been in use for 10 years. In this new edition, additional problems have been added at the end of most chapters. These problems are meant not only to review the material covered in the chapter, but also to introduce some aspects not covered in the text.An amended Solutions Manual is in preparation.

  • Rapidly Quenched Metals

    • 1st Edition
    • S Steeb
    • English
    Rapidly Quenched Metals, Volume I covers the proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Rapidly Quenched Metals, held in Wurzburg, Germany on September 3-7, 1984. The book focuses on amorphous and crystalline metals formed by rapid quenching from the melt. The selection first covers the scope and trends of developments in rapid solidification technology, rapid solidification, and undercooling of liquid metals by rapid quenching. Discussions focus on experimental method, powders, strip, particulate production, consolidation, and alloys and alloy systems. The text then examines the solidification of undercooled liquid alloys entrapped in solid; crystallization kinetics in undercooled droplets; and grain refinement in bulk undercooled alloys. The manuscript tackles the undercooling of niobium-germanium alloys in a 100 meter drop tube; influence of process parameters on the cooling rate of the meltspinning process; and the mechanism of ribbon formation in melt-spun copper and copper-zirconium. The formation and structure of thick sections of rapidly-solidified material by incremental deposition and production of ultrafine dispersions of rare earth oxides in Ti alloys using rapid solidification are also mentioned. The selection is a valuable reference for physicists, chemists, physical metallurgists, and engineers.

  • High Temperature Corrosion of Advanced Materials and Protective Coatings

    • 1st Edition
    • Yahachi Saito + 2 more
    • English
    This book brings together the experience of specialists on High Temperature Corrosion. The 43 papers discuss topics related to the high temperature corrosion of engineering alloys, ceramics and protective coatings. The papers will be a useful and dynamic tool for those wishing to increase their knowledge of High Temperature Corrosion, as well as providing a guide to recent literature in this field.

  • III-V Semiconductor Materials and Devices

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 7
    • R.J. Malik
    • English
    The main emphasis of this volume is on III-V semiconductor epitaxial and bulk crystal growth techniques. Chapters are also included on material characterization and ion implantation. In order to put these growth techniques into perspective a thorough review of the physics and technology of III-V devices is presented. This is the first book of its kind to discuss the theory of the various crystal growth techniques in relation to their advantages and limitations for use in III-V semiconductor devices.

  • Rapidly Quenched Materials

    • 1st Edition
    • H. Fredriksson + 2 more
    • English
    The 327 papers in this two-volume set cover a wide range of topics concerning the production, processing and properties of rapidly quenched melts. Various techniques for the production of non-equilibrium materials are also discussed, including solid state amorphization by rapid interdiffusion and thermobaric quenching.

  • Science and Technology of Rubber

    • 1st Edition
    • Frederick R. Eirich
    • English
    Science and Technology of Rubber covers the most important aspects of rubber science and technology, from synthesis and structure to elasticity and flow, blending, filling, and cross-linking. Polymerization and copolymerization, the rheological behavior of unvulcanized rubber, vulcanization, reinforcement of elastomers by particulate fillers, and the chemical modification of polymers are also discussed. This book is comprised of 14 chapters; the first ten of which take the reader from an introduction through synthesis characterization, mechanical behavior, and flow to the major processing steps of filling, compounding, and vulcanization and to the theories and measurement of elastomeric performance, leaning strongly on the ""materials"" approach. The next three chapters deal with blended, modified, and thermoplastic elastomers, touching on topics such as polymer esterification, etherification, hydrolysis, and hydrogenation as well as the influence of blending on the properties of elastomer/plastic blends, especially impact strength and crack resistance. The book concludes with a chapter on tire manufacture and engineering, with emphasis on the geometric, structural, and chemical aspects of tire. This book will be of vital interest to students, practitioners, and research and development managers, as well as to anyone interested in the unusual chemistry and physics and the outstanding properties and usefulness of elastomers.

  • Advances in Composite Tribology

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 8
    • K. Friedrich
    • English
    Much research has been carried out and a lot of progress has been made towards the use of composite materials in a wide field of tribological applications. In recent years studies have been made to determine to what degree phenomena governing the tribological performance of composites can be generalized and to consolidate interdisciplinary information for polymer-, metal- and ceramic matrix composites.The importance of promoting better knowledge in the areas of friction, lubrication and wear, in general, is demonstrated by the contents of this volume. It covers a wide range of subjects extending from fundamental research on the tribological characteristics of various multi-phase materials up to final applications of composites in wear loaded, technical components. Besides the emphasis on composites tribology, the great practical aspect of the field in many industrial applications is also reviewed by authors who are engaged in applied research as well as those in more academic activities. The articles in this volume will facilitate both researchers and mechanical designers in their work towards a set of predictive, materials engineering-related models for a more reliable use of composites as tribo-materials.Thro... the study of, and observation of, the tribology of sensibly formulated composite systems may emerge a clear and more profound understanding of the subject of tribology. In this sense, this book offers a major and critical evaluation of the state of understanding of the principles of tribology and its ability to serve the practical and commercial needs of this technology generally, and particularly in the context of composite systems.

  • Diffraction and Imaging Techniques in Material Science P2

    Imaging and Diffraction Techniques
    • 2nd Edition
    • S Amelinckx
    • English
    Diffraction and Imaging Techniques in Material Science reviews recent developments in diffraction and imaging techniques used in the study of materials. It discusses advances in high-voltage electron microscopy, low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), X-ray and neutron diffraction, X-ray topography, mirror electron microscopy, and field emission microscopy. Organized into five parts encompassing nine chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the dynamical theory of the diffraction of high-energy electrons in crystals and methodically introduces the reader to dynamical diffraction in perfect and imperfect crystals, inelastic scattering of electrons in crystals, and X-ray production. It then explores back scattering effects, the technical features of high-voltage electron microscopes, and surface characterization by LEED. Other chapters focus on the kinematical theory of X-ray diffraction, techniques and interpretation in X-ray topography, and interpretation of the contrast of the images of defects on X-ray topographs. The book also describes theory and applications of mirror electron microscopy, surface studies by field emission of electrons, field ionization and field evaporation, and gas-surface interactions before concluding with a discussion on lattice imperfections. Scientists and students taking courses on diffraction and solid-state electron microscopy will benefit from this book.

  • Ballistic Materials and Penetration Mechanics

    • 1st Edition
    • Roy Laible
    • English
    Ballistic Materials and Penetration Mechanics deals with ballistically protective materials and penetration mechanics. The book discusses historical and practical considerations of ballistic protection, including metallic armor, as well as ballistic testing methodology, the ability of a protective material to stop or slow down a particular projectile, and the theoretical aspects of penetration mechanics. It also highlights the importance of stress wave analysis in the penetration and spalling phenomena. Organized into 12 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the history of the armor and the modern helmet. It proceeds with a discussion of variations in ballistic test methods, errors in test methods, and the importance of the hardness and geometry of both the target and the projectile. The next chapters focus on the importance of fibrous armor, materials that are visually transparent and resistant to penetration by high-energy projectiles and fragments, and transparent armor and ceramic composite armor. The reader is also introduced to materials used in the design of metallic armor, the role of stress waves in the penetration problem, and the use of computer simulation to analyze ballistic impact experiments. The book looks at numerical techniques for modeling hypervelocity impact and concludes with a chapter on the penetration mechanics of textile structures. This book is a valuable resource for scientists working at government, industrial, and university laboratories, as well as law enforcement officers and others who want information on materials that provide the best protection against damage from impacts, explosions, and bullets.

  • Defect Control in Semiconductors

    • 1st Edition
    • K. Sumino
    • English
    Defect control in semiconductors is a key technology for realizing the ultimate possibilities of modern electronics. The basis of such control lies in an integrated knowledge of a variety of defect properties. From this viewpoint, the volume discusses defect-related problems in connection with defect control in semiconducting materials, such as silicon, III-V, II-VI compounds, organic semiconductors, heterostructure, etc.The conference brought together scientists in the field of fundamental research and engineers involved in application related to electronic devices in order to promote future research activity in both fields and establish a fundamental knowledge of defect control. The main emphasis of the 254 papers presented in this volume is on the control of the concentration, distribution, structural and electronic states of any types of defects including impurities as well as control of the electrical, optical and other activities of defects. Due to the extensive length of the contents, only the number of papers presented per session is listed below.

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