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    • Time, Internal Clocks and Movement

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 115
      • June 10, 1996
      • M.A. Pastor + 1 more
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 5 2 0 7 5
      • Hardback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 8 2 1 1 4 0
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 5 4 3 0 4 8
      Interest in the concept of time has a long history and has been a topic of study for a wide range of investigators. No change can take place without specification of time. While philosophers and physicists have been intrigued by the concept of subjective perception of time and its relationship to real time, natural scientists have been concerned mainly with investigating time as a factor in understanding the behaviour of animals from the migratory habits of birds to the periodical breeding cycles. The immense bulk of temporal perception studies, the variety of approaches, methods of measurement and even terminology has led to a difficulty in reaching a global interpretation of the results.This book aims to give an integrative approach of time sense and to focus the analysis on temporal factors in the processing of movement, trying to link temporal perception studies in the final common pathway, that is motion. To give some clues of human brain integrative processes at higher levels. And, finally, to clarify the neurophysiological substrate of these operations.

    • Thermal Stresses IV

      • 1st Edition
      • May 10, 1996
      • R.B. Hetnarski
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 4 2 0 0 7
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 5 4 2 8 1 2
      This is the fourth volume of the handbook Thermal Stresses. Following the principles established when the first volume was published in 1986, the fourth volume consists of six separate chapters prepared by specialists in the field. Each chapter is devoted to a different topic in the area of Thermal Stresses. Many results have been published for the first time in Thermal Stresses IV. The exposition of the material is on the state-of-the art level, which should be appropriate for graduate students, researchers, and engineers specializing in the field of stress analysis. In most cases the material is presented with some historical perspective.A large number of references provided will allow the readers to augment their knowledge, after studying a particular chapter.

    • Mechanics of Transformation Toughening and Related Topics

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 40
      • May 1, 1996
      • J.H. Andreasen + 1 more
      • English
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 5 3 6 0 4 0
      Since the benefit of stress-induced tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation of confined tetragonal zirconia particles was first recognized in 1975, the phenomenon has been widely studied and exploited in the development of a new class of materials known as transformation toughened ceramics (TTC). In all materials belonging to this class, the microstructure is so controlled that the tetragonal to monoclinic transformation is induced as a result of a high applied stress field rather than as a result of cooling the material below the martensitic start temperature.The significance of microstructure to the enhancement of thermomechanical properties of TTC is now well understood, as are the mechanisms that contribute beneficially to their fracture toughness. The micromechanics of these mechanisms have been extensively studied and are therefore presented here in a cogent manner.The authors also review dislocation formalism for the modelling of cracks and Eshelby's technique. In compiling this monograph the authors present the most up-to-date and complete review of the field and include several topics which have only recently been fully investigated.

    • Damage Mechanics

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 41
      • April 22, 1996
      • D. Krajcinovic
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 4 2 0 7 6
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 5 3 0 2 4 6
      This book provides the first truly comprehensive study of damage mechanics. All concepts are carefully identified and defined in micro- and macroscopic scales. In terms of the methods and observation scales, the main part of the book is divided into three chapters. These chapters consider the stochastic models applied to atomistic scale, micromechanical models (for arbitary concentrations of defects) on microscopic scale and continuum models on the macroscopic scale. It is intended for people who are doing or planning to do research in the mechanics and material science aspects of brittle deformation of solids with heterogeneous microstructure.

    • The Design of Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Groupware Systems

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 12
      • March 29, 1996
      • Dan Shapiro + 2 more
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 4 2 2 5 0
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 5 4 2 4 1 6
      The phrases the information superhighway and the the information societyare on almost everyone's lips. CSCW and groupware systems are the key to bringing those phrases to life. To an extent that would scarcely have been imaginable a few years ago, the contributions in this volume speak to each other and to a broader interdisciplinary context. The areas of ethnography and design, the requirements and principles of CSCW design, CSCW languages and environments, and the evaluation of CSCW systems are brought together, to bring to light how activities in working domains are really in practice, carried out. The aim above all is to do justice to the creativity and versatility of those whose work they aim to support.

    • Logical Frameworks for Truth and Abstraction

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 135
      • March 14, 1996
      • A. Cantini
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 4 6 9 1 3
      • Hardback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 8 2 3 0 6 9
      • eBook
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      This English translation of the author's original work has been thoroughly revised, expanded and updated.The book covers logical systems known as type-free or self-referential. These traditionally arise from any discussion on logical and semantical paradoxes. This particular volume, however, is not concerned with paradoxes but with the investigation of type-free sytems to show that: (i) there are rich theories of self-application, involving both operations and truth which can serve as foundations for property theory and formal semantics; (ii) these theories provide a new outlook on classical topics, such as inductive definitions and predicative mathematics; (iii) they are particularly promising with regard to applications.Researc... arising from paradoxes has moved progressively closer to the mainstream of mathematical logic and has become much more prominent in the last twenty years. A number of significant developments, techniques and results have been discovered.Academics... students and researchers will find that the book contains a thorough overview of all relevant research in this field.

    • Physical Metallurgy

      • 4th Edition
      • February 9, 1996
      • R.W. Cahn + 1 more
      • English
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 5 3 8 9 4 5
      This is the fourth edition of a work which first appeared in 1965. The first edition had approximately one thousand pages in a single volume. This latest volume has almost three thousand pages in 3 volumes which is a fair measure of the pace at which the discipline of physical metallurgy has grown in the intervening 30 years.Almost all the topics previously treated are still in evidence in this version which is approximately 50% bigger than the previous edition. All the chapters have been either totally rewritten by new authors or thoroughly revised and expanded, either by the third-edition authors alone or jointly with new co-authors. Three chapters on new topics have been added, dealing with dry corrosion, oxidation and protection of metal surfaces; the dislocation theory of the mechanical behavior of intermetallic compounds; and (most novel) a chapter on polymer science for metallurgists, which analyses the conceptual mismatch between metallurgists' and polymer scientists' way of looking at materials. Special care has been taken throughout all chapters to incorporate the latest experimental research results and theoretical insights. Several thousand citations to the research and review literature are included in this edition. There is a very detailed subject index, as well as a comprehensive author index.The original version of this book has long been regarded as the standard text in physical metallurgy and this thoroughly rewritten and updated version will retain this status.

    • Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics '95

      • 1st Edition
      • January 25, 1996
      • A. Ecer + 3 more
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 4 2 2 9 8
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 5 3 8 4 4 0
      Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) is an internationally recognised fast-growing field. Since 1989, the number of participants attending Parallel CFD Conferences has doubled.In order to keep track of current global developments, the Parallel CFD Conference annually brings scientists together to discuss and report results on the utilization of parallel computing as a practical computational tool for solving complex fluid dynamic problems. This volume contains the results of research conducted during the past year.Subject areas covered include: novel parallel algorithms, parallel Euler and Navier-Stokes solvers, parallel Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method and parallel multigrid techniques. The content of the book also demonstrates that considerable effort is being made to utilize parallel computing to solve a variety of fluid dynamics problems in topics such as climate modeling, consultation, aerodynamics and in many other areas.Readers of this book will gain a valid insight into the exciting recent developments in Parallel CFD research.

    • Cohesion and Structure of Surfaces

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 4
      • December 18, 1995
      • K. Binder + 3 more
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 4 6 9 9 9
      • Hardback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 8 9 8 2 9 6
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 5 2 9 3 2 5
      During the past fifteen years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of different surfaces whose structures have been determined experimentally. For example, whereas in 1979 there were only 25 recorded adsorption structures, to date there are more than 250. This volume is therefore a timely review of the state-of-the-art in this dynamic field.Chapter one contains a compilation of the structural data base on surfaces within a series of tables that allows direct comparison of structural parameters for related systems. Experimental structural trends amongst both clean surfaces and adsorbate systems are highlighted and discussed.The next chapter outlines the successes of local density functional theory in predicting the relaxations and reconstructions of clean metal and semiconductor surfaces, and the behaviour of adsorbates such as hydrogen, oxygen and alkali elements on metal surfaces, thereby explaining some of the experimental trends observed within the database. These ab initio density functional calculations are of ground state properties at the absolute zero of temperature. Chapter three provides an introduction to finite temperature effects in a pedagogical review of current statistical mechanical treatments of phase transitions at surfaces, many of which display the prominent role of fluctuations or non-mean field behaviour. The final chapter discusses the relationship of the reactivity of a surface to its morphology and composition, which is particularly relevant to a fundamental understanding of catalysis.

    • Handbook of Algebra

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 1
      • December 18, 1995
      • English
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 5 3 2 9 5 0
      Handbook of Algebra defines algebra as consisting of many different ideas, concepts and results. Even the nonspecialist is likely to encounter most of these, either somewhere in the literature, disguised as a definition or a theorem or to hear about them and feel the need for more information. Each chapter of the book combines some of the features of both a graduate-level textbook and a research-level survey. This book is divided into eight sections. Section 1A focuses on linear algebra and discusses such concepts as matrix functions and equations and random matrices. Section 1B cover linear dependence and discusses matroids. Section 1D focuses on fields, Galois Theory, and algebraic number theory. Section 1F tackles generalizations of fields and related objects. Section 2A focuses on category theory, including the topos theory and categorical structures. Section 2B discusses homological algebra, cohomology, and cohomological methods in algebra. Section 3A focuses on commutative rings and algebras. Finally, Section 3B focuses on associative rings and algebras. This book will be of interest to mathematicians, logicians, and computer scientists.

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