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    • Handbook of International Economics

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 3
      • December 13, 1995
      • G.M. Grossman + 1 more
      • English
      • Hardback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 8 1 5 4 7 7
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 5 7 2 1 0 9
      Up-to-date surveys of all major research areas in international trade and international finance are presented in this volume. The chapters have a high standard of exposition, delivering ideas at the forefront of the field in a clear readable fashion. The volume has a good overall balance of theoretical and empirical coverage.The trade side of the volume surveys theoretical work on trade based on scale economics and imperfect competition, the relationship between trade and technological progress, strategic trade policy, the political economy of trade policy, and the rules and institutions of international trade, as well as empirical work on trade patterns, trade policies, and regional integration. The finance side covers topics such as exchange rates, purchasing power parity, the current account, the international transmission of business cycles, foreign ending, international capital markets, target zones and speculative attacks on fixed exchange rates, and international economic policy coordination.For students and researchers interested in understanding developments in modern international economics, this book is an essential reference.

    • Phonon Physics The Cutting Edge

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 7
      • December 13, 1995
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 4 2 0 6 9
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 5 3 8 7 8 5
      The first two volumes in this series published twenty years ago contained chapters devoted to anharmonic properties of solids, ab initio calculations of phonons in metals and insulators, and surface phonons. In the intervening years each of these important areas of lattice dynamics has undergone significant developments. This volume is therefore concerned with reviewing the current status of these areas.Chapter one deals with the path-integral quantum Monte-Carlo method as a numerical simulation approach and looks at how this has been applied successfully to the determination of low temperature thermodynamic properties of anharmonic crystals and to certain dynamical properties as well. Chapter two is concerned with the calculation of static and dynamic properties of anharmonic crystals in the quantum regime. Chapter three discusses intrinsic anharmonic localized modes that have been intensively studied recently. Two topics, ab initio calculations of phonons in metals, and surface phonons are dealt with in the next chapter. The remaining two chapters are devoted to topics that have not been treated in previous volumes. One is phonon transport and the second is phonons in disordered crystals.The work described in the six chapters of this volume testifies to the continuing vitality of the field of dynamical properties of solids nearly a century after its founding.

    • Handbook of Defense Economics

      • 1st Edition
      • December 11, 1995
      • T. Sandler + 1 more
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 1 4 9 3 3 0 2 4 7 5
      • Hardback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 8 1 8 8 7 4
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 5 7 2 0 9 3
      This Handbook provides a self-contained survey of the current state of defense economics in the form of chapters prepared by leading specialists on various aspects in the field. The volume summarizes not only received results but also newer developments, from recent journal articles and discussion papers. Theoretical analysis, econometric techniques, and policy issues are addressed. The chapters fall into two essential categories: surveys and conceptual studies. Survey chapters present a synthesis, interpretation, and evaluation of the literature for particular subfields of defense economics, whereas the conceptual chapters elucidate the analysis of specific topics. Both types of chapters provide directions for future research. As with other volumes in the Handbooks in Economics series, this Handbook will be a definitive source, reference, and teaching supplement for use by professional researchers and advanced graduate students.For more information on the Handbooks in Economics series, please see our home page onhttp://www.elsevie...

    • Handbook of Combinatorics Volume 1

      • 1st Edition
      • December 11, 1995
      • Bozzano G Luisa
      • English
      • Hardback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 8 2 3 4 6 5
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 9 3 3 3 5 1
      Handbook of Combinatorics, Volume 1 focuses on basic methods, paradigms, results, issues, and trends across the broad spectrum of combinatorics. The selection first elaborates on the basic graph theory, connectivity and network flows, and matchings and extensions. Discussions focus on stable sets and claw free graphs, nonbipartite matching, multicommodity flows and disjoint paths, minimum cost circulations and flows, special proof techniques for paths and circuits, and Hamilton paths and circuits in digraphs. The manuscript then examines coloring, stable sets, and perfect graphs and embeddings and minors. The book takes a look at random graphs, hypergraphs, partially ordered sets, and matroids. Topics include geometric lattices, structural properties, linear extensions and correlation, dimension and posets of bounded degree, hypergraphs and set systems, stability, transversals, and matchings, and phase transition. The manuscript also reviews the combinatorial number theory, point lattices, convex polytopes and related complexes, and extremal problems in combinatorial geometry. The selection is a valuable reference for researchers interested in combinatorics.

    • Changes in Sensory Motor Behavior in Aging

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 114
      • December 11, 1995
      • A.-M. Ferrandez + 1 more
      • English
      • Hardback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 8 2 1 0 1 0
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 5 2 8 8 4 7
      Recently, studies on aging processes and age-related changes in behavior have been expanding considerably, probably due to the dramatic changes observed in the demographics. This increase in the overall age and proportion of elderly people has heightened the severity of problems associated with the safety and well-being of elderly persons in everyday life. Many researchers working on motor control have thus focused more intensely on the effects of age on motor control. This new avenue of research has led to programs for alleviating or delaying the specific sensory-motor limitations encountered by the elderly (e.g. falls) in an attempt to make the elderly more autonomous.The aggregation of studies from different perspectives is often fascinating, especially when the same field can serve as a common ground between researchers. Nearly all contributors to this book work on sensory-motor aging; they represent a large range of affiliations and backgrounds including psychology, neurobiology, cognitive sciences, kinesiology, neuropsychology, neuropharmacology, motor performance, physical therapy, exercise science, and human development. Addressing age-related behavioral changes can also furnish some crucial reflections in the debate about motor coordination: aging is the product of both maturational and environmental processes, and studies on aging must determine how the intricate interrelationships between these processes evolve. The study of aging makes it possible to determine how compensatory mechanisms, operating on different subsystems and each aging at its own rate, compensate for biological degenerations and changing external demands. This volume will contribute to demonstrating that the study of the aging process raises important theoretical questions.

    • Diffraction Physics

      • 3rd Edition
      • December 5, 1995
      • J.M. Cowley
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 8 2 2 1 8 5
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 5 3 0 3 9 0
      The first edition of this highly successful book appeared in 1975 and evolved from lecture notes for classes in physical optics, diffraction physics and electron microscopy given to advanced undergraduate and graduate students. The book deals with electron diffraction and diffraction from disordered or imperfect crystals and employed an approach using the Fourier transform from the beginning instead of as an extension of a Fourier series treatment.This third revised edition is a considerably rewritten and updated version which now includes all important developments which have taken place in recent years.

    • Progress in Optics

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 34
      • December 1, 1995
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 4 8 5 4 2
      • Hardback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 8 2 1 4 0 9
      • eBook
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      This volume presents a review of the research in several areas of modern optics written by experts well-known in the international scientific community. The first chapter discusses properties and methods of production and detection of coherent superpositions of macroscopically distinguishable states of light (the so-called Schrodinger cat states). Chapter two deals with the phase-shift method, which originated in the 1930s, for the analysis of potential-scattering problems in atomic and nuclear physics. Recently this approach has been applied to wave propagation in one-dimensional inhomogeneous media. Chapter three is concerned with the statistical properties of dynamic laser speckles that arise from scattering objects with rough surfaces undergoing translation and rotation. A moving phase-screen model is employed, which gives a relatively simple formulation of the theory and a clear picture of the time-varying speckle phenomenon. The fourth chapter presents a review of the more important theoretical and experimental results relating to optics of multilayer systems with randomly rough boundaries. The significant theoretical approaches which make it possible to interpret experimental data involving such systems are described, and relevant methods for optical characterization of systems of this kind are outlined. The last chapter presents an account of a theory of the photon transport through turbid media.

    • Cognitive Technology

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 113
      • December 1, 1995
      • J.L. Mey + 1 more
      • English
      • Hardback
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      • Paperback
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      • eBook
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      In this book the editors have gathered a number of contributions by persons who have been working on problems of Cognitive Technology (CT). The present collection initiates explorations of the human mind via the technologies the mind produces. These explorations take as their point of departure the question What happens when humans produce new technologies? Two interdependent perspectives from which such a production can be approached are adopted:• How and why constructs that have their origins in human mental life are embodied in physical environments when people fabricate their habitat, even to the point of those constructs becoming that very habitat• How and why these fabricated habitats affect, and feed back into, human mental life.The aim of the CT research programme is to determine, in general, which technologies, and in particular, which interactive computer-based technologies, are humane with respect to the cognitive development and evolutionary adaptation of their end users. But what does it really mean to be humane in a technological world? To shed light on this central issue other pertinent questions are raised, e.g.• Why are human minds externalised, i.e., what purpose does the process of externalisation serve?• What can we learn about the human mind by studying how it externalises itself? • How does the use of externalised mental constructs (the objects we call 'tools') change people fundamentally?• To what extent does human interaction with technology serve as an amplification of human cognition, and to what extent does it lead to a atrophy of the human mind?The book calls for a reflection on what a tool is. Strong parallels between CT and environmentalism are drawn: both are seen as trends having originated in our need to understand how we manipulate, by means of the tools we have created, our natural habitat consisting of, on the one hand, the cognitive environment which generates thought and determines action, and on the other hand, the physical environment in which thought and action are realised. Both trends endeavour to protect the human habitat from the unwanted or uncontrolled impact of technology, and are ultimately concerned with the ethics and aesthetics of tool design and tool use.Among the topics selected by the contributors to the book, the following themes emerge (the list is not exhaustive): using technology to empower the cognitively impaired; the ethics versus aesthetics of technology; the externalisation of emotive and affective life and its special dialectic ('mirror') effects; creativity enhancement: cognitive space, problem tractability; externalisation of sensory life and mental imagery; the engineering and modelling aspects of externalised life; externalised communication channels and inner dialogue; externalised learning protocols; relevance analysis as a theoretical framework for cognitive technology.

    • Problem Solving: Methods, Programming and Future Concepts

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 12
      • November 28, 1995
      • O.V. German + 1 more
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 4 4 3 1 5
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 5 4 4 8 3 0
      Problem solving is the very area of articifical intelligence AI which, probably, will never result in a complete set of formalized theories, in a pragmatic philosphy, or in a "universal" applied discipline. Studying questions concerning this area, encompasses different concepts, models and theories. This volume of the series looks at classifying problems, interpreting them, and the methods of solving them. The final chapter covers future concepts such as universal problem solving approach restoration, weak methods becoming strong, the role of formal logic in future developments, human factors and other paradigms.Different groups of readers such as mathematicians, specialists in computer sciences, and programmers will find this title of interest. Post-graduates and the students specializing in AI and applied mathematics will also find the work useful.

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